28/4/24, 6:59 HIV and cardiovascular disease - PubMed

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Review Lancet HIV. 2020 Apr;7(4):e279-e293. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30036-9.

HIV and cardiovascular disease

Kaku So-Armah 1 , Laura A Benjamin 2 , Gerald S Bloomfield 3 , Matthew J Feinstein 4 ,
Priscilla Hsue 5 , Benson Njuguna 6 , Matthew S Freiberg 7

Affiliations
PMID: 32243826 PMCID: PMC9346572 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30036-9

Abstract
HIV-related cardiovascular disease research is predominantly from Europe and North America. Of the
estimated 37·9 million people living with HIV worldwide, 25·6 million live in sub-Saharan Africa.
Although mechanisms for HIV-related cardiovascular disease might be the same in all people with
HIV, the distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors varies by geographical location. Sub-
Saharan Africa has a younger population, higher prevalence of elevated blood pressure, lower
smoking rates, and lower prevalence of elevated cholesterol than western Europe and North America.
These variations mean that the profile of cardiovascular disease differs between low-income and
high-income countries. Research in, implementation of, and advocacy for risk reduction of
cardiovascular disease in the global context of HIV should account for differences in the distribution
of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors (eg, hypertension, smoking), consider non-traditional
cardiovascular disease risk factors (eg, access to antiretroviral therapy with more benign
cardiovascular disease side effect profiles, indoor air pollution), and encourage the inclusion of
relevant risk reduction approaches for cardiovascular disease in HIV-care guidelines. Future research
priorities include implementation science to scale up and expand integrated HIV and cardiovascular
disease care models, which have shown promise in sub-Saharan Africa; HIV and cardiovascular disease
epidemiology and mechanisms in women; and tobacco cessation for people living with HIV.

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Figure 1:. Prevalence Figure 2: Mechanisms of Figure 3:. Intervention

distribution of HIV HIV-associated points to reduce HIV-
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