FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER

B.Tech. Major Project Report

BY
KRISHNENDU MONDAL 27600714042
BISHAN HOWLADAR 27600715081
KRISHNA RAJAK 27600714041
SAYANDIP BHOWMIK 27600715085
VIKRANT TIWARI 27600714099
RITURAJ GHOSH 27600714071
SOMNATH PANDA 27600714085
SURYA SEKHAR GHORUI 27600714095
ANUPAM MONDAL 27600714016
SAYAN BACHHAR 27600715084

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BUDGE BUDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
KOLKATA

May2018
TITLE: FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER

A Major Project Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of the degree

Of

Bachelor of Technology

In

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BY
KRISHNENDU MONDAL 27600714042
BISHAN HOWLADAR 27600715081
KRISHNA RAJAK 27600714041
SAYANDIP BHOWMIK 27600715085
VIKRANT TIWARI 27600714099
RITURAJ GHOSH 27600714071
SOMNATH PANDA 27600714085
SURYA SEKHAR GHORUI 27600714095
ANUPAM MONDAL 27600714016
SAYAN BACHHAR 27600715084

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BUDGE BUDGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
KOLKATA
MAY, 2018
 CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the B.Tech. Major (or Minor)
Project Report entitled “ Fabrication of 3D Printer ”, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering
and submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Budge Budge Institute of
Technology Kolkata is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period
from January 2018 to June 2018 under the supervision of Prof. Samriddhya Ray
Chowdhury, Assistant Professor, and Prof. Rituparna Biswas, Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering.

The matter presented in this thesis has not been submitted by me for the award of any other
degree elsewhere.

Signature of Candidate
Roll.No.
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my
knowledge.

Date:
Signature of Supervisor(s)

Name & Designation

Project Supervisor(S)

Head of the Department

Mechanical Engineering
Budge Budge Institute of Technology Kolkata
 TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE NO.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I
LIST OF FIGURE II
LIST OF TABLE III
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 8-11
1.1. Objective 8
1.2. Abstract 9
1.3. Application 10
CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND RESEARCH 12-19
2.1. Introduction 12
2.2. Literature Review 13
2.3. History 16
CHAPTER 3:REQUIRMENTS FOR MAKING 3D PRINTER 20-28
3.1. Parts Requirements 20
3.2. Softwares Requirements 28

CHAPTER 4:MAKING PROCEDURE 29-30

CHAPTER 5: EXPERIMENTATION AND ANALYSIS 31-34
5.1. Objective 31
7.2. Procedure 31
5.3. G-Code 32
5.4. Output 33
5.5. Conclusion 33
5.6. Future Scope of Work 34
 I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My endeavor stands incomplete without dedicating our gratitude to everyone who has
contributed a lot towards the successful completion of our project work. First of all, we
offer our sincere thanks to my parents for their valuable blessings. I am indebted to God
Almighty for blessing me with his grace and thanking my endeavor to successful
culmination.

I consider it`s a privilege to express my gratitude to Department of Mechanical Engineering

for giving me the opportunity to choose and work on the project.

I would like to thank my guides Prof. Rituparna Biswas and Prof. Samriddhya Ray
Chowdhury, associate professors of Mechanical Engineering, Budge Budge Institute of
Technology for guiding and evaluating throughout the period.

I finally, thanks my well-wishers who supported me either directly or indirectly to do this

project work extensively.
 II

LIST OF FIGURES
SL no. Figure Description Page no
1 1 Application in biology 10

2 2 Application in Chemistry 10

3 3 Application in engineering 10

4 4 Application in geography 10

5 5 Application in graphics design 11

6 6 Application in food technology 11

7 7 Application in history 11

8 8 Application in architecture 11

9 9 Application in design and engineering 11

10 10 A maker board 3D printer 12

11 11 First generation 3D printer 17

12 12 Second generation 3D printer 18

13 13 Third generation 3D printer 19

14 14 Arduino 21

15 15 UNO R3 Board 22

16 16 Stepper motor 23

17 17 Stepper motor setup from DVD 23

18 18 Stepper motor driver 24

19 19 Power Supply 25

20 20 Extruder 26

21 21 Extruder from glue gun 26

22 22 Soldering the wires 29

23 23 Complete arduino wiring 29

24 24 3D Printer 30

25 25 Output 33
 III

LIST OF TABLE

Description Page No.

Table 1 Costing of brought out material 27
Table 2 Pros & Cons 33
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 8

CHAPTER

1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECTIVE:
1) Fabrication of a 3D printer
2) Make the printer printable using G-Codes.
3) Study the errors and try to overcome them
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 9

1.2 Abstract

Additive manufacturing technologies have gained prominence in the recent past, and are
increasingly becoming important not only as a prototype manufacturing technology, but
also as large scale manufacturing industry. Expansive research on these technologies is
being done to realize the full potential of the field. In this paper, we briefly describe the
historical evolution of additive manufacturing technologies, understand the basic working
principle of a three dimensional printer, present an exploratory study on the material
properties of a 3D printed object highlighting the strength of the material used. We also
highlight current three dimensional printing applications in both the consumer and business
markets.
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 10

1.3 Application:

3D printers have actually been around for about 25 years. Barriers like costs are breaking down,
so they are now very affordable and easy to use.

3D printing has caught the attention of educators who are looking into ways to
incorporate it into the classroom.

I) Biology students can study

cross-section of human organs

Fig.1 Application in biology

Chemistry Students can print out

II) complex molecules to study

Fig.2 Application in chemistry

Engineering Students can

III) print out complex robotics
to study
Fig.3 Application in robotics

Geography students can print out

IV) topography, population of an area

Fig.4. Application in geography

FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 11

Graphic design students

V) can create prototype of
product designs

Fig.5. Application in graphics design

VI) Food technology students

can design molds and
cookie cutter templates
Fig.6. Application in food industries

History classes can

VII) print artifacts for
closer examination

Fig.7. Application in history

VIII) Architectural students can print

artifacts for closer examination

Fig.8. Application in architecture

Design and engineering

IX) students can make
prototypes of their creations.
Fig.9. Application in design and engineering
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 12

CHAPTER

2
BACK GROUND RESEARCH

2.1 Introduction:

3D printing is the process of creating an object using a machine that puts down material
layer by layer in three dimensions until the desired object is formed. A 3D printer extrudes
melted plastic filament or other material, building objects based on specifications that come
from modelling software or from a scan of an existing object. The process is widely used in
industry to create prototypes more quickly than traditional methods, and in some situations
it has begun to replace conventional manufacturing processes, such as injection moulding.
The technology has caught the attention of educators as prices for 3D scanners and extrusion
printers have dropped, making it feasible to use them for design, production, or preservation
in a wide range of educational venues.

Fig.10. A MakerBot 3D printer

FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 13

2.2 Literature Review:

In a “Brief History of Additive Manufacturing and the 2009 Roadmap” by Beaman et al, they
cite that in 1972 Ciraud released the first technology that truly represented today’s definition of
additive manufacturing. Ciraud’s process is described as taking meltable materials and using a
beam of energy to melt the material, thereby building a product by melting layer on top of layer.
Unfortunately, while there are drawings and sketches regarding Ciraud’s invention, there is no
proof that the technology was actually produced and executed.

In a final report published by the Japanese and World Technology Evaluation Centres in 1997,
Beaman again is a contributor on the historical perspective of additive manufacturing. Here, he
references Hideo Kodama as the first scientist known to have produced a functioning additive
manufacturing system in 1981. Alan Herbert of 3M in 1982 then closely followed him. This
time, there was proof that the technologies were developed and tested. Both Kodama and
Herbert developed technologies where a prototype part was actually built, layer by layer.

After a few years, Chuck Hull invented the stereolithography machine (SLA) in 1986. This
machine is considered to be the first 3D printer. The stereolithography machine slowly poured
liquid plastic to build plastic outputs. Thus, this technology was only economically viable to
large research universities, large companies and government research labs.

“Rapid Prototyping” is perhaps the most mature application of additive manufacturing/ 3D

printing technologies in the business space. In fact in some research, rapid prototyping refers
to the different additive manufacturing/3D printing methods patented by the key players in the
field- Stratasys, 3D Systems, Objet, Z Corp, Solidscape. However, throughout this paper, rapid
prototyping will refer to the process of designing a 3D model with Computer Aided Design
software (CAD), and producing a prototype, typically out of plastic, via 3D printing
technology. This prototype then becomes the basis for the design of the final product.
“Tinkering” is the most discussed consumer application of 3D printing technologies. It
is the process of casually playing with a product design in hopes of improving or repairing the
product. Much of current 3D printing literature discusses consumers engaged in

“tinkering” known as tinkerers. These collective groups of experimenters are also known as
“Makers”. Tinkerers and Makers who purchase 3D printers, such as MakerBot, learn the
technology and then make their own products, designs, and/or outputs at home. These products
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 14

are sometimes for home use and sometimes just to experiment. In many cases, tinkerers and
makers can also be sophisticated ‘consumers’ who are trying to fashion solutions to their own
particular problems, in the absence of marketplace choices.

In an article titled “Custom Nation: Why Customization is the Future of Business and How to
Profit From It”, the authors imagine an economy where consumers have 3D printers in their
homes. When a consumer identifies or creates a product that can better fit their requirement,
the consumer designs a prototype with CAD software, prints it on their 3D printers at home or
sends it to a 3D printing service for production. This idea, where consumers are creating their
own products, rather than waiting for companies to customize product offerings, is known as
“Personal Manufacturing”.

“Small Batch Production” is a manufacturing process whereby an entrepreneur or business

determines a low volume of a particular product is economically viable. 3D printing and
additive manufacturing may facilitate small production volumes to small global market. With
small batch production, small companies and start-ups commit to the development of a product
with a very small, niche market. Crowd funding sites like Kickstarter and shared working
spaces like Wix Lounge are contributing to the feasibility of this business model.

As labour costs continue to rise in markets like China, the cost advantage of outsourcing jobs
oversees begins to dissipate. Hence, a recent article by MKinsey has coined the term, “Next
Shoring”. Next Shoring is the idea that manufacturing jobs will return to the United States
because there is a competitive advantage to setting up facilities near the markets served.
Arguably, this is partially credited to 3D printing, “Think local, act global approach”. When
specifications or drawings of products are sent directly to a local manufacturing facility, the
logistical cost associated with transporting an item from the facility to the end user are reduced,
as well as the cost associated with inventory management. Theoretically, setting up smaller
local facilities for each respective market could make the product cheaper and faster. This is
also suggested by another article published by CSC- “3D Printing and the Future of
Manufacturing.
According to a report, “Advanced technology and market trend of printed electronic”
(Korean Scientist and Engineers Network [KOSEN], 2011), “Printing engineering can be
classified into printing technology and printing material.” Printing technology is the way to
manufacture the electronic devices, and it is classified into 2dimensional (2D) and 3dimensional
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 15

(3D) printing technology according to structure of printed product. This paper reviews the types
of 2D and 3D printing and the difference between the two technologies.

In present times, there are three major additive manufacturing/ 3D printing methods namely
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Stereolithography
(SLA) as mentioned on July 8th, 2013, by Dr. NamSoo Peter Kim, Associate Professor in
Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering in UTEP, Texas, USA during an
interview.
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 16

2.3 History:
The earliest 3D printing technologies first became visible in the late 1980’s, at which time
they were called Rapid Prototyping (RP) technologies. This is because the processes were
originally conceived as a fast and more cost-effective method for creating prototypes for
product development within industry. The very first patent application for RP technology
was filed by a Dr Kodama, in Japan, in May 1980. Unfortunately for Dr Kodama, the full
patent specification was subsequently not filed before the one year deadline after the
application, which is particularly disastrous considering that he was a patent lawyer! In real
terms, however, the origins of 3D printing can be traced back to 1986, when the first patent
was issued for stereo lithography apparatus (SLA). This patent belonged to one Charles
(Chuck) Hull, who first invented his SLA machine in 1983. Hull went on to cofind 3D
Systems Corporation — one of the largest and most prolific organizations operating in the
3D printing sector today.

The reality of affordable on-demand prototyping was first conceived by visionaries at MIT
who in 1993 developed the fastest and most affordable method of prototyping — 3D
printing. Upon Z Corporation’s founding in 1994 by some of these same visionaries, it
promised to put on-demand prototyping within the reach of every designer or engineer. This
promise would entail developing 3D printers that would follow the footsteps of document
printers and quickly evolve to deliver speed, affordability, accuracy, colour and usability.
3D printing is increasingly growing into a revolutionary technology in today’s world. Its
stunning ability to create complex and creatively designed objects and prototypes has made
3D printing crucial to the production activities of a great number of companies across the
world.
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 17

I) First generation 3D printer arrives in 1996, the Z402, the market’s first 3D printer was
introduced, redefining speed and affordability in rapid prototyping. Later versions like
the Z402c and Z406 introduced multicolor 3D printing for more vivid and informative
models when needed.

Fig.11. First generation 3D printer (Z402)

.
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 18

II) Second Generation 3D printer has improved performance, affordability and colour.
The release of the ZPrinter 310 in 2003 introduced breakthrough speed, a simplified
user experience and unprecedented affordability. In 2005, the spectrum Z510 redefined
3D printing with a new generation of high-resolution printing and vivid colour.

Fig.12. Second generation 3D printer (Z510)

FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 19

III) Third Generation 3D printer focused on ease of use. In 2007, the ZPrinter 450
replaced the third generation of 3D printers with a focus on ease of use and office
compatibility. The automated, self-contained, all-in-one (print, depowder) solution
improved convenience and office-friendliness. It was followed by the ZPrinter 650 in
2008, with size and performance, and the ZPrinter 350 in 2009, which introduced a
new level of 3D printing affordability. These printers increased the accessibility for
new classes of users.

Fig.13. Third generation 3D printer (Z450)

FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 20

CHAPTER

3
REQUIREMENT FOR
MAKING 3D PRINTER

3.1 PARTS REQUIREMENT

3.1.1 Influence of NC machines.

The 3D printer we are making is based on NC machines. The 3D printer gets the
information from computer through NC programming (G-Codes) and according to the
instructions the 3D printer works.

The 3D printer consists of three axes which are controlled by an electronics controller
unit. Every axes has a stepper motor. The electronics controller unit mainly control that
stepper motor.

The movement of the extruder is pretty much same as that of a head of an NC machine.

Like NC machines this also an automatic machine.

FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 21

3.1.2 Parts with detail:

The parts required for making 3D printer are basically all the electrical parts.

The parts are : I) Arduino CNC shield

II) UNO R3 Board

III) Stepper motor (Parts of DVD writer)

IV) Stepper motor controller

V) Power supply (SMPS)

VI) Extruder (Glue Gun)

I)Arduino CNC shield :

Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project, and user
community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontroller and microcontroller kits
for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the
physical and digital world. The project's products are distributed as open-source hardware and
software, which are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Pubic License (LGPL) or the GNU
General Public License (GPL), permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software
distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form, or as
do-it-yourself(DIY) kits.
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards or Breadboards (shields) and other circuits. The boards feature serial
communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are
also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers are typically
programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C, C++, G-Codes etc..
In addition to using traditional compiler tool chains, the Arduino project provides an integrated
development environment (IDE) based on the processing language project.
The arduino we are using here has 4 motor controlling setup. Which can controls 1) X axis
2) Y axis
3) Z axis
4) Feed rate

Fig.14. Arduino
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 22

II) UNO R3 Board:

UNO R3 board is also a type of arduino. UNO R3 is directly connected to

the computer through an USB cable. Arduino is placed on the UNO R3 Board. UNO R3
Board reads the information form the computer and send the instructions to the Arduino.
UNO R3 works as a junction between computer and the Arduino.

Fig.15. UNO R3 Board

FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 23

III) Stepper motor:

A stepper motor or step motor or stepping motor is a brushless DC electric motor that
divides a full rotation into a number of equal steps. The motor's position can then be
commanded to move and hold at one of these steps without any position sensor for
feedback (an open-loop controller), as long as the motor is carefully sized to the
application in respect to torque and speed.

Fig.16. Stepper motor

We are using stepper motor from the DVD writer with its trolley setup for our
project purpose.

Fig.17. Stepper motor setup from DVD driver

FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 24

IV) Stepper motor controller:

Stepper motor controller is nothing but a electrical circuit which helps to drive a
stepper motor. Stepper motor controller can`t work without an arduino unit. Basically
from computer arduino gets the information and according to information it sends codes
to the stepper motor driver and the stepper motor driver instructs the stepper motor how
much rotation the stepper motor will rotate. Stepper motor driver is mounted on the
Arduino. For every singlestepper motor we need a stepper motor controller for various
work.

Fig.6. UNO R3 Board

Fig.18. Stepper motor driver

FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 25

V) Power Supply(SMPS):
When we are running any electrical equipment, power supply is the main concern
there. For running the Arduino and the stepper motors best preferable Power supply is
DC12 volt. SMPS is the only thing which can give the rated power output. So our
preferable power supply is SMPS

SMPS: A switched-mode power supply (switching-mode power supply, switch-mode

power supply, switched power supply, SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic power supply that
incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Like other power
supplies, an SMPS transfers power from a DC or AC source (often main power) to DC loads,
such as a personal computer, while converting voltage and current characteristics. Unlike a
linear power supply, the pass transistor of a switching-mode supply continually switches
between low-dissipation, full-on and full-off states, and spends very little time in the high
dissipation transitions, which minimizes wasted energy. Ideally, a switched-mode power
supply dissipates no power. Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the ratio of on-to-off
time. In contrast, a linear power supply regulates the output voltage by continually dissipating
power in the pass transistor. This higher power conversion efficiency is an important
advantage of a switched-mode power supply. Switched-mode power supplies may also be
substantially smaller and lighter than a linear supply due to the smaller transformer size and
weight.

Fig.19. Power Supply (SMPS)

FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 26

VI) Extruder(Glue Gun):

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a 3D printing process that uses a continuous

filament of a thermoplastic material. This is fed from a large coil, through a
moving, heated printer extruder head. Molten material is forced out of the
print head's nozzle and is deposited on the growing work piece.

Fig.20. Extruder

Here in this project we are using glue instead of the thermoplastic material. While
we are using silicon based glue it`s preferable to use the silicon glue gun. That`s
why we are using the heater or extruder of the silicon glue gun.

Fig.21. Extruder from glue gun

FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 27

3.1.3. Costing of brought out parts:

Table 1:

SL. ITEM QUANTITY PRICE

NO

1 Arduino CNC Shield 1 450

2 UNO R3 board 1 850
DVD writer for stepper 3*300
3 motor (used) 3
(900)
150*4
4 Stepper motor controller 4
(600)
5 SMPS for power supply 1 800
6 Glue Gun for extruder 1 250
7 Araldite Glue 1 40
5*20
8 Silicon glue Stick 5
(100)
9 Nut+Bolt+Screw+Washer 1pouch 10
Total 4000
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 28

3.2 SOFTWARES REQUIREMENT

Softwares need to run the 3D printer are I) Xloader

II) grbl file in .HEX format

III) GRBL controller.

I) Xloader : Xloader is a program which makes the internal connection
between computer and Arduino. Xloader mainly registered the USB port
of the computer from which data or instructions will be controlled between
computer and Xloader.
II) grbl.HEX file : .HEX is a type of file format. Grbl.HEX file helps the
Xloader software make the junction and register between computer and
arduino.
III) GRBL controller: GRBL controller is a software which runs on NC
programming. From GRBL controller software one can easily control the
NC 3D printer using G-codes
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 29

CHAPTER

4
MAKING PROCEDURE

1) Our first work is to disassemble the DVD writers to get the stepper motors with the tray.
2) Solder the wires to Arduino and the stepper motor.
3) Put the motor drivers into the ports give in the arduino CNC Shield
4) Connect the Arduino CNC shield to the UNO board.
5) Connect the USB cable between computer and the UNO board.
6) Give 12 volt power supply to Arduino.
7) Test the stepper motors are working or not.
8) If working then align the stepper motors tray to make the 3 axes.
9) Disassemble the glue gun to take the extruder part.
10) Fixed the extruder to the z-axis.

Fig.22. Soldering the wires

Fig.23.Complete arduino wiring

FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 30

Fig.24. 3D PINTER
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER S P a g e | 31

CHAPTER

EXPERIMENTATION AND ANALYSIS

5.1. Objective

Try to print an easy object by using the newly made 3D printer. Check the dimensions
of the printed object, and check is it as per the requirement or not. Try to find out faults, and
try to find the scopes of improvement to make the printer more advanced.

5.2. PROCEDURE

1) Select an easy object to print.

2) Write the G-Code of the selected object in notepad and save it as .nc format.
3) Put a small size paper on the plane where glue will fall to make 3D object.
4) Connect the power cable of extruder on 220volt AC power supply to heat up the extruder.
5) Connect the Arduino with computer through USB cable.
6) Run Xloader software and configure the arduinno with computer`s USB port.
7) Power up the Arduino CNC Shield board with 12volt DC power supply using UPS.
8) Open grbl software and select the port in which USB cable is connected.
9) Set the extruder at the required position before starting printing.
10) Choose the previously written G-code file and run the program.
11) Printing will start and will complete the object within some minutes.
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 32

5.3. G-Code:

Making a Square Wall and it`s Coding

G01 X0.5 G01 X0.5

G91
G01 Y0.5
G91
G01 X-0.5
G91
G01 Y-0.5
G91
G01 Z0.1 F100
G91
G01 X0.5
G91
G01 Y0.5
G91
G01 X-0.5
G91
G01 Y-0.5
G91
G01 Z0.1 F100
G91
G01 X0.5
G91
G01 Y0.5
G91
G01 X-0.5
G91
G01 Y-0.5
G91
G01 Z0.1 F100
G91
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 33

5.4. Output:

After running all steps perfectly finally we got the output.

Fig.25. 3D printed object

5.5. Conclusion
After printing the object we found that the 1st layer of the glue is as the required dimension
but the upper layers are little incorrect as per required dimension because of the hot glue
and the reason behind this is the glue does not get enough time to be cooled. The printer
needs some upgrade to make it usable in industries.

Table 2:

Pros Cons

1)Easy to make 1) Due to hot glue there is little error in

perfection.
2) Easy to run the program and print.
2) Due to small printing bed it can`t print
3) Maintenance cost is very low.
large object. Its maximum printing size is
4)The printer is portable
40x40x40 (in mm)
5) Low power consumption
3)Printing time is little long.
6) Cheaper in price.
FABRICATION OF 3D PRINTER P a g e | 34

5.6. Future Scope of Work:

In future, a further study can be done to improve the printer, by updating the extruder in
better technology. Future study can also improve the printing time and better printing
quality with best perfection. If it’s possible by future study then it will be an awesome gift
for additive manufacturing technology which will decrease the cost of making prototypes
very easily.