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SPECIFIC COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Apply the different knowledge of physical, social, natural and health
sciences and humanities in situation, Acute and chronic.
2. Practice nursing in accordance with existing laws, legal, ethical, and
moral principles.
3. Communicate effectively in speaking, writing, and presenting using
culturally-appropriate language
4. Report/document client care accurately and comprehensively.
5. Collaborate effectively with inter-, intra-, and multi-disciplinary and
multi-cultural teams.
EATING is part of
everyday life. It is
necessary for survival, but
it is also a social activity
and part of many happy
occasions. Yet, for some
people, eating is a source
of worry and anxiety.
Millions of women are
either starving themselves
or engaging in chaotic
eating patterns that can
lead to death.
1. ANOREXIA NERVOSA: A life
threatening eating disorder
characterized by the client’s
restriction of nutritional
intakes necessary to maintain a
minimally normal body weight,
intense fear of gaining weight
or becoming fat, significantly
disturbed perception of the
shape and size of the body, and
steadfast inability or refusal to
acknowledge the seriousness
of the problem or even that
one exists.
SUBTYPES:
A. BINGE-EATING: Consuming a large
amount of food far greater than most
people eat at one time in a discreet
period of usually 2 hours or less.

B. PURGING: involves compensatory

behaviors designed to eliminate food by
means of self-induced vomiting or
misuse of laxatives, enemas, and
diuretics.
2. BULIMIA NERVOSA: Often simply called Bulimia is an eating disorder
characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by
inappropriate compensatory behaviors to avoid weight gain, such as
purging, fasting, or excessively exercising.
ETIOLOGY: A specific cause for
eating disorders is unknown. It is
posited that a family history of
mood disorder places a person at
risk for eating disorders (Sadock
et al., 2015). The biologic theory
suggests that disruptions of the
nuclei of the hypothalamus may
produce many of the symptoms
of eating disorders particularly in
many aspects of hunger and
satiety.
DEVELOPMENTAL FACTORS: Two essential
tasks of adolescence are the struggle to
develop autonomy and the establishment of
a unique identity. Autonomy or exerting
control over oneself and the environment,
may be difficult in families that are
overprotective or in which enmeshment
exists. Adolescent girls who express body
dissatisfaction are most likely to experience
adverse outcomes such as emotional eating,
binge eating, abnormal attitudes towards
eating and weight, low self-esteem, stress
and depression (Black and Andreasen, 2014).
FAMILY INFLUENCES: Girls
growing up amid family problems
and abuse are at higher risk for
both anorexia and bulimia.
Disordered eating is a common
response to family discord which
becomes a distraction for
emotions. Childhood adversity
has been identified as a significant
risk factor in the development of
problems with eating and weight
in adolescence and early
adulthood.
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS:
Eating disorders appear to be
equally common among
Hispanic and Caucasian
women and less common
among African-American and
Asian women. Minority
women who are younger,
better educated and more
closely identified with middle-
class values are at increased
risk for developing an eating
disorder (Quick & Byrd-
Bredbenner, 2014).
TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS: Clients with Anorexia can
be very difficult to treat because they are often resistant,
appear uninterested and deny their problems. Treatment
settings include inpatient specialty eating disorder units,
partial hospitalization or day treatment programs and
outpatient therapy. Major life-threatening conditions that
require hospital admission are: severe electrolyte
imbalances, metabolic imbalances, cardiovascular
complications, severe weight loss and it, consequences
(Black & Andreasen, 2014).
Medical management focuses on
weight restoration, nutritional
rehabilitation, and correction of
electrolyte imbalances.
Psychotherapy involves: family
therapy, individual therapies.
Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy has been successful in
addressing body image
disturbance in both Anorexia and
Bulimia. It also addresses
perfectionism, mood intolerance,
low self-esteem and
interpersonal difficulties (Groff,
2015).