UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

FT-SPK INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER

Date: DD/MM/2022
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(CL 224406) Page: 1 of 4

ASSIGNMENT: Hazardous Waste Management Issue: a case study

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GROUP ASSIGNMENT
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

[TITLE: HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

ISSUE: A CASE STUDY OF …. ]

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 UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
FT-SPK INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
Date: DD/MM/2022
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(CL 224406) Page: 2 of 4

ASSIGNMENT: Hazardous Waste Management Issue: a case study

1. INTRODUCTION

Pollution is the release of undesirable substances, byproducts, and energy into the
environment. Some of these residues are unprocessed raw materials, others are undiscovered
products, and still others are byproducts of the manufacturing or processing. In other words,
pollution is an indication of inefficiency in industrial production, and it may be viewed as money
going up the chimney, down the sewer, and out the plant's garbage truck, resulting in a loss for the
maker (Shinde). Textiles are one of the fundamental human requirements. The textile industry
transforms fibers into yarn and textiles or similar items. In textile processing, a variety of dyes,
auxiliary chemicals, and sizing ingredients are utilized (Chinta et al., 1995).
As a result of water abuse and lack of timely treatment, water resource scarcity and water
environment contamination are becoming extremely serious, while the worldwide industrial water
demand continues to increase against the background of economic growth. The tension between
these two tendencies compels industrial producers to employ water-saving and less polluting
manufacturing technologies in order to reduce water consumption and pollution (Chen et al., 2017).
Textile processes such as sizing and de-sizing consume considerable amounts of water, energy and
chemicals and are mostly responsible for the toxic effluents released into the environment from
textile plants. Textile industry is one of the largest consumers of water in the world. For instance,
processing a ton of textiles is estimated to consume about 80-100 m3 of water that is subsequently
released into the environment (Reddy et al., 2014).
Desizing, scouring, mercerizing, bleaching, neutralizing, dying, printing, and finishing are the
primary processes conducted in a typical textile processing industry. The textile industry produces all
three waste types: liquid effluents, air pollutants, and solid wastes. However, liquid effluents pose
the greatest issue due to their huge volume and potential for pollution. The quantity and
composition of waste generated varies on the fabric being treated, the chemicals used, the method
employed, and other factors. Significant pollutants in a typical textile waste effluent include color,
bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), toxic heavy metals, residual
chlorine, dissolved solids, and non-biodegradable organics known as refractory compounds (Chinta
et al., 1995).
Indonesia is the world's tenth-largest exporter of textiles. The textile industry has long been the
largest employer in the country, contributing significantly to national economic growth by employing
3.58 million workers, or 21,2 percent of the manufacturing industry's entire workforce. According to
the Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia's 2017 Industry Facts and Figures report, textile
is one of the ten national priority industrial groups in the National Industrial Development plan for
2015-2035. Globally, the textile sector contributes substantially to pollution. Indonesia ranks second
among G20 nations for the highest levels of water pollution caused by the textile sector, with 29.25
percent, just behind Turkey (32.21 percent)(Prihandono & Religi, 2019).

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 UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
FT-SPK INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
Date: DD/MM/2022
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(CL 224406) Page: 3 of 4

ASSIGNMENT: Hazardous Waste Management Issue: a case study

A textile factory in Bandung Regency deposited 1.8 meters of B3 waste in a community. The
generated waste consists of fragments of jeans that have been washed with pebbles and chemicals.
This factory disposes of its excess products on factory-owned land. The DLH of Regency analyzed B3
waste, which included cancer-causing carcinogenic chemicals, based on the waste's findings.

2. EVALUATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

This is an example of assignment report writing. In this section, student discuses evaluation of
the hazardous waste management issue. The discussion must include, cite and review minimum 4
journal articles (minimum 2 articles from international journal). Other references are also
encouraged. These points below can be used to start the discussion, but it is not limited to these
points:
1. Why do we have such examples of illegal dumping of hazardous waste? (industry, home
industry, public/commercial facility or household)?
2. What would the option: (Safe) disposal vs (Effective) Treatment? How to safely dispose the
HZ? How to effectively treat the HZ waste?
3. What can you propose to better manage the hazardous waste? Concept and technical
aspects? What would be the challenges?
4. Who would be the stakeholders for HZW Management? In what roles?

Always keep in mind to cite the appropriate source of information or literature. It is not allowed
to copy-paste from the literature. Therefore, student must write or paraphrase with their own
writing competency. However, for table data or figure taken from the literature (source must be
provided), it is allowed as needed in the report.
In this section, student may elaborate about the process or mechanism of the solution is reuse
or recycling, or other treatment and disposal methods. Student may include data taken from the
literature. For example, steel-slag can be re-used as adsorbent by conducting carbonation process as
can be seen in Figure 1 (Pedro and Castro-Gomes, 2019).
Student must use this template. However, any additional sub sections are allowed, without
changing the style and format of this template. Font type used in this template is Calibri, size 11pt,
justified, space 1,15. This section 1 (Introduction), the maximum page allowed is 10 pages.

Figure 1. Preparation of steel-slag carbonation (Pedro and Castro-Gomes, 2019)

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 UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM, DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
FT-SPK INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
Date: DD/MM/2022
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
(CL 224406) Page: 4 of 4

ASSIGNMENT: Hazardous Waste Management Issue: a case study

3. CONCLUSIONS

This is an example of assignment report writing. In this section, student should write
conclusions regarding their evaluation of the hazardous management issue (case study) above.
Conclusions are not repetitive sentences, but are pointing out “key messages” or valuable
recommendations to solve the issue. Student must use this template. However, any additional sub
sections are allowed, without changing the style and format of this template. Font type used in this
template is Calibri, size 11pt, justified, space 1,15. This section 1 (Introduction), the maximum page
allowed is 300-400 words.

4. REFERENCES

Chen, L., Wang, L., Wu, X., & Ding, X. (2017). A process-level water conservation and pollution
control performance evaluation tool of cleaner production technology in textile industry.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 1137–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.006
Chinta, S. K., Wasif, A. I., Kane, C. D., & Desai, J. R. (1995). Pollution in textile industry. I. Air pollution.
Colourage, 42(12), 25–27.
Prihandono, I., & Religi, F. H. (2019). Business and Human Rights Concerns in the Indonesian Textile
Industry. Yuridika, 34(3), 493. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v34i3.14931
Reddy, N., Chen, L., Zhang, Y., & Yang, Y. (2014). Reducing environmental pollution of the textile
industry using keratin as alternative sizing agent to poly(vinyl alcohol). Journal of Cleaner
Production, 65, 561–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.046