Ek Final Revision

CHAPTER 01 REAL NUMBERS

CHAPTER 01 REAL NUMBERS

REAL NUMBERS

Rational Numbers Q
0 1 5 ½ -⅔ -9 Irrationals

Integers Z
. . ., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,
...
√2
Whole Numbers W √3
0, 1, 2, 3, . . . 𝝅
0.1011011
Natural 1011110...
Numbers N
1, 2, 3, . . .
CHAPTER 01 REAL NUMBERS

HCF(a,b) = 1, then, a and b are coprimes.

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

Every composite number can be expressed

(factorized) as a product of primes, and this
factorization is unique, apart from the order
in which the prime factors occur.
CHAPTER 01 REAL NUMBERS
HCF and LCM by prime factorization method:

HCF = Product of the smallest power of

each common prime factor in the numbers.

LCM = Product of the greatest power of

each prime factor involved in the numbers.

Important Formula

HCF (a,b) ❌ LCM (a,b) = a ❌ b

CHAPTER 01 REAL NUMBERS

THEOREM
Let p be a prime number. If p divides a2, then
p divides a, where a is a positive integer.

RESULT

√2, √3, √5. . . are irrationals

MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. Find the prime factorisation of the
denominator of rational number expressed as
6.12 in simplest form.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. Find the prime factorisation of the
denominator of rational number expressed as
6.12 in simplest form.

2. Find the HCF and LCM of 510 and 92 and

verify that HCF × LCM = Product of two given
numbers.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. Find the prime factorisation of the
denominator of rational number expressed as
6.12 in simplest form.

2. Find the HCF and LCM of 510 and 92 and

verify that HCF × LCM = Product of two given
numbers.

3. Word Problems on HCF & LCM

MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
4. Proving Irrational numbers:

Q. Prove that 3 + √5 is an irrational number.

CHAPTER 02 POLYNOMIALS
CHAPTER 02 POLYNOMIALS

Relationship between zeroes and

coefficients of a Quadratic Polynomial
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial
6y2 − 7y + 2 find a quadratic polynomial whose
zeroes are 1/α and 1/β.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial
6y2 − 7y + 2 find a quadratic polynomial whose
zeroes are 1/α and 1/β.

2. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial

x2 + 3x + k is 2, then the what is the value of k
?
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial
6y2 − 7y + 2 find a quadratic polynomial whose
zeroes are 1/α and 1/β.

2. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial

x2 + 3x + k is 2, then the what is the value of k
?

3. Show that ½ and -3/2 are the zeroes of the

polynomial 4x2 + 4x − 3 and verify relationship
between zeroes and coefficients of the
polynomial.
CHAPTER 03 PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO
VARIABLES
CHAPTER 03 PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO
VARIABLES
Condition for Consistency of a System

a1 ≠ b1
Consistent
a2 b2

a1 = b1 = c1 Consistent
a2 b2 c2

a1 = b1 ≠ c1 Inconsistent
a2 b2 c2
CHAPTER 03 PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO
VARIABLES
Algebraic Methods of Solutions

SUBSTITUTION METHOD:

● Choose any one equation, find the value of

y in terms of x.
● Substitute this y in the other equation.
● Solve this Linear Equation in one variable
for x.
● Substitute x & find the value of y.

ELIMINATION METHOD:

● Multiply both the equations by a number so

that the coefficient of any one variable
becomes equal(say x).
● Add or subtract the equations & eliminate x.
● Solve the equation for y.
● Substitute y in the given equations to find x.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. Solve the following pair of linear
equations graphically:
2x + 3y = 12 and x - y = 1
Find the area of the region bounded by the
two lines representing the above equations
and y-axis.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. Solve the following pair of linear
equations graphically:
2x + 3y = 12 and x - y = 1
Find the area of the region bounded by the
two lines representing the above equations
and y-axis.

2. For what value of p will the following

system of equations have no solution
(2p − 1)x + (p − 1)y = 2p + 1 ;
y + 3x − 1 = 0
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. Solve the following pair of linear
equations graphically:
2x + 3y = 12 and x - y = 1
Find the area of the region bounded by the
two lines representing the above equations
and y-axis.

2. For what value of p will the following

system of equations have no solution
(2p − 1)x + (p − 1)y = 2p + 1 ;
y + 3x − 1 = 0

3. Solve: 99x + 101y = 499, 101x + 99y = 501

MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
4. Linear Equation word problems

The present age of the father is twice the

sum of the ages of his 2 children. After 20
years, his age will be equal to the sum of
the ages of his children. Find the age of the
father.

A man can row a boat downstream 20 km in 2

hours and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find his
speed of rowing in still water. Also find the
speed of the stream.
CHAPTER 04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
CHAPTER 04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Methods of Solution of a Quadratic Equation:

FACTORISATION METHOD:

QUADRATIC FORMULA METHOD:

CHAPTER 04 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Nature of roots

Value of Discriminant Nature of Roots

D<0 Unequal & Imaginary

Roots

D=0 Real & Equal Roots

D>0 & is a perfect Real, Unequal & Rational

square Roots

D>0 & is not a Real, Unequal & Irrational

perfect square Roots
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. Solve the equation for x :
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. Solve the equation for x :

Q2. If x = − 4 is a root of the equation

find the values of k for
which the below equation has equal roots.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
3. Quadratic Equation word problems

To fill a swimming pool two pipes are used. If the

pipe of larger diameter used for 4 hours and the
pipe of smaller diameter for 9 hours, only half of
the pool can be filled. Find, how long it would
take for each pipe to fill the pool separately, if the
pipe of smaller diameter takes 10 hours more
than the pipe of larger diameter to fill the pool?

In a flight of 600 km, an aircraft was slowed down

due to bad weather. Its average speed for the trip
was reduced by 200 km/hr from its usual speed
and the time of the flight increased by 30 min.
Find the scheduled duration of the flight.
CHAPTER 05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
CHAPTER 05 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

Two major formulas

FORMULA FOR NTH TERM:

FORMULA FOR SUM OF N TERMS:

MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. If the sum of first m terms of an AP is the
same as the sum of its first n terms, show
that the sum of its first (m + n) terms is zero.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. If the sum of first m terms of an AP is the
same as the sum of its first n terms, show
that the sum of its first (m + n) terms is zero.

2. The ratio of the sums of first m and first n

terms of an AP is m2 : n2. Show that the
ratio of its mth and nth terms is
(2m -1) : (2n - 1).
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. If the sum of first m terms of an AP is the
same as the sum of its first n terms, show
that the sum of its first (m + n) terms is zero.

2. The ratio of the sums of first m and first n

terms of an AP is m2 : n2. Show that the
ratio of its mth and nth terms is
(2m -1) : (2n - 1).

3. Word Problems on Sum of n terms:

Piggy Bank
Spiral
CASE BASED
CHAPTER 06 TRIANGLES
CHAPTER 06 TRIANGLES
Criteria for Similarity of Triangles

AAA:
If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal,
then their corresponding sides are in the same ratio
and hence the two triangles are similar.

SSS:
If in two triangles, sides of one triangle are
proportional to the sides of the other triangle, then
their corresponding angles are equal and hence the
two triangles are similar.

SAS:
If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of
the other triangle and the sides including these
angles are proportional, then the two triangles are
similar.
CHAPTER 06 TRIANGLES

Basic Proportionality Theorem

THEOREM:
If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to
intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the
other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

CONVERSE:

If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the

same ratio, then the line is parallel to the third side.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. In the fig, ΔABC, DE || BC, find the value
of x.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. In the fig, ΔABC, DE || BC, find the value
of x.

2. Proving Basic Proportionality Theorem

MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
3. In two triangles ABC & PQR, AD is the
median to BC and PM is the median

to QR with Prove that

ΔABC ~ ΔPQR
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
3. In two triangles ABC & PQR, AD is the
median to BC and PM is the median

to QR with Prove that

ΔABC ~ ΔPQR

Many other types of problems could be

expected from Triangles.
CHAPTER 07 COORDINATE GEOMETRY
CHAPTER 07 COORDINATE GEOMETRY

DISTANCE FORMULA:

SECTION FORMULA:

MIDPOINT FORMULA:
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. Determine if the points (1, 5), (2, 3) and (-
2, -11) are collinear.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. Determine if the points (1, 5), (2, 3) and (-
2, -11) are collinear.

2. Find the ratio in which the point (-3, k)

divides the line segment joining the points
(-5, -4)and (-2, 3). Also find the value of k .
CHAPTER 08 INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
CHAPTER 08 INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

sin A P/H

cos A B/H

tan A P/B

cosec A H/P

sec A H/B

cot A B/P
CHAPTER 08 INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

TRIGONOMETRIC VALUES TABLE

CHAPTER 08 INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. If 5 sin 𝜃 = 4, rove that
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. If 5 sin 𝜃 = 4, rove that

2. If x tan 60o cos 60o = sin 60o cot 60o,

then x =
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. If 5 sin 𝜃 = 4, rove that

2. If x tan 60o cos 60o = sin 60o cot 60o,

then x =

3. If x sin3 + y cos3 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃, and

x sin 𝜃 = y cos 𝜃, then prove that x2 + y2 =
1.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. If 5 sin 𝜃 = 4, rove that

2. If x tan 60o cos 60o = sin 60o cot 60o,

then x =

3. If x sin3 + y cos3 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃, and

x sin 𝜃 = y cos 𝜃, then prove that x2 + y2 =
1.

4. Prove that
CHAPTER 09 SOME APPLICATIONS OF
TRIGONOMETRY
CHAPTER 09 SOME APPLICATIONS OF
TRIGONOMETRY
Related Terms

LINE OF SIGHT:
When we look at some object then the line made by
our vision to the object is called the Line of Sight.

ANGLE OF ELEVATION:
The angle of elevation is
made when we look up to
the object.

ANGLE OF DEPRESSION:
An angle of depression is
made when the observer
needs to look down to see
the object.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. The angle of elevation of an aeroplane
from a point on the ground is 60°. After a
flight of 30 seconds the angle of elevation
becomes 30°. If the aeroplane is flying at a
constant height of 3000√3 m, find the
speed of the aeroplane.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. The angle of elevation of an aeroplane
from a point on the ground is 60°. After a
flight of 30 seconds the angle of elevation
becomes 30°. If the aeroplane is flying at a
constant height of 3000√3 m, find the
speed of the aeroplane.

2. As observed from the top of a 60 m high

lighthouse from the sea-level, the angles of
depression of two ships are 300 and 450. If
one ship is exactly behind the other on the
same side of the light-house, find the
distance between the two ships.
[Use √3 = 1.732]
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
3. The angle of elevation of the top of a
building from the foot of the tower is 30°
and the angle of elevation of the top of the
tower from the foot of the building is 45°. If
the tower is 30 m high, find the height of
the building.
CHAPTER 10 CIRCLES
CHAPTER 10 CIRCLES

Number of Tangents to circle from a point:

THEOREM 1:
The tangent at any point of a circle
is perpendicular to the radius
through the point of contact.

THEOREM 2:
The lengths of tangents drawn
from an external point to a circle
are equal.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. In figure PQ is a chord of length 8 cm of
a circle of radius 5 cm. The tangents drawn
at P and Q intersect at T . Find the length
of TP.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. In figure PQ is a chord of length 8 cm of
a circle of radius 5 cm. The tangents drawn
at P and Q intersect at T . Find the length
of TP.

2. In the figure, the 🔺ABC is drawn to

circumscribe a circle of radius 4 cm, such
that the segments BD and DC are of
lengths 8 cm and 6 cm respectively. Find
AB and AC .
CHAPTER 12 AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES
CHAPTER 12 AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES

AREA OF SECTOR OF A CIRCLE:

LENGTH OF ARC:

AREA OF SEGMENT OF A CIRCLE:

MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. The perimeter of a sector of a circle of
radius 5.2 cm is 16.4 cm. Find the area of
the sector.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. The perimeter of a sector of a circle of
radius 5.2 cm is 16.4 cm. Find the area of
the sector.

2. The length of the minute hand of a clock

is 6cm. Find the area swept by it when it
moves from 7:05 p.m. to 7:40 p.m.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. The perimeter of a sector of a circle of
radius 5.2 cm is 16.4 cm. Find the area of
the sector.

2. The length of the minute hand of a clock

is 6cm. Find the area swept by it when it
moves from 7:05 p.m. to 7:40 p.m.

3. Finding area of Shaded region.

CHAPTER 13 SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES
CHAPTER 13 SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

Combination of Solids:

SURFACE AREA:
The total surface area of a combination of solids is
equal to the total curved surface area visible to
our eyes.

VOLUME:

The volume of a solid formed by combining two

basic solids is equal to the sum of volumes of the
individual solids
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES 1. In fig., from a cuboidal solid metallic block of
dimensions 15 cm ✕ 10 cm ✕ 5 cm, a cylindrical
hole of diameter 7 cm is drilled out. Find the
surface area of the remaining block.
Use 𝜋 = 22/7.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES 1. In fig., from a cuboidal solid metallic block of
dimensions 15 cm ✕ 10 cm ✕ 5 cm, a cylindrical
hole of diameter 7 cm is drilled out. Find the
surface area of the remaining block.
Use 𝜋 = 22/7.

2. From a solid cylinder whose height is 2.4 cm

and diameter 1.4 cm, a conical cavity of the same
height and same diameter is hollowed out. Find
the volume of the remaining solid to the nearest
cm3 . Use 𝜋 =22/7
CHAPTER 14 STATISTICS
CHAPTER 14 STATISTICS

Mean of Grouped Data:

DIRECT METHOD:

ASSUMED MEAN METHOD:

We choose one of the x’s as

assumed mean and call it as “a”.
CHAPTER 14 STATISTICS

MEDIAN OF GROUPED DATA:

MODE OF GROUPED DATA:

EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP:
Empirical relationship between the three
measures of central tendency :
3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. The mean of the following distribution is
48 and sum of all the frequency is 50. Find
the missing frequencies x and y .
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. The mean of the following distribution is
48 and sum of all the frequency is 50. Find
the missing frequencies x and y .

2. Finding Median of Grouped data

3. Finding Mode of Grouped data

MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. The mean of the following distribution is
48 and sum of all the frequency is 50. Find
the missing frequencies x and y .

2. Finding Median of Grouped data

3. Finding Mode of Grouped data

4. The median and mode respectively of a

frequency distribution are 26 and 29, Then its
mean is
(Using Empirical relationship)
CHAPTER 15 PROBABILITY
CHAPTER 15 PROBABILITY

PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT:
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. What is the probability that a non-leap
year has 53 Mondays ?
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES
1. What is the probability that a non-leap
year has 53 Mondays ?

2. A bag contains 18 balls of which x balls are

red.
(i) If one ball is drawn at random from the bag,
what is the probability that it is not red?
(ii) If 2 more red balls are put in the bag, the
probability of drawing a red ball will be 9/8
times the probability of drawing a red ball in
the first case. Find the value of x.
MOST EXPECTED QUESTION TYPES

3. Tossing coins

4. Throwing Dice

5. Deck of Cards

6. Complementary Events