DESCRIPTIVE

RESEARCH

Group 2
GROUP MEMBER
Annisa Putri (22018004)

Atsilah Afiqah (22018008)

Diana Putri Ali (22018014)

Dyana Florentina Naibaho (22018017)

Revanza Alta Mirano (20018143)

DEFINITION
Descriptive research is a methodological approach

that seeks to depict the characteristics of a

phenomenon or subject under investigation. It serves

as a foundational tool for researchers aiming to

observe, record, and analyze intricate details related

to a particular topic.
PURPOSE
Descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a
population, situation, or phenomenon.
It answers what, where, when, and how questions but not why
questions.
Researchers use descriptive research when they want to identify
characteristics, frequencies, trends, and categories.
Before diving into the reasons behind something (the “why”),
understanding how, when, and where it occurs is essential.
It provides detailed information that can form the basis for further
investigation and analysis.
It is an important method for gaining a deeper understanding of a
subject, and often involves observing and documenting data without
manipulating variables.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
1. Quantitative research :
Descriptive research is a quantitative research method that attempts to collect quantifiable
information to be used for statistical analysis of the population sample. It is an popular market
research tool that allows to collect and describe the nature of the demographic segment.
2. Uncontrolled variables :
In descriptive research, none of the variables are influenced in any way. This uses observational
methods to conduct the research. Hence, the nature of the variables or their behavior is not in the
hands of the researcher.
3. Cross-sectional studies :
Descriptive research is generally a cross-sectional study where different sections belonging to the
same group are studied.
4. Basis for further research :
The data collected and analyzed from descriptive research can then be further researched using
different research techniques.
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH METHODS :
1. Surveys : Gather large volumes of data through questionnaires to

analyze frequencies, averages, and patterns. Common uses

include understanding demographics, gauging public opinion,

and evaluating satisfaction with products or services.

2. Observations : Collect data on behaviors and phenomena by

directly observing subjects. Useful for understanding real-life

actions without relying solely on respondents’ honesty.

3. Case Studies : Describe specific subjects (individuals, groups,

events, or organizations) in detail.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH IS COMMONLY USED IN :

Market Research : Understanding consumer

behavior, preferences, and market trends.

Education : Assessing student performance,

learning styles, and educational practices.

Health : Researching patient demographics,

disease prevalence, and treatment outcomes.

Advantages of Descriptive Research :
1.Large Data Collection :

Descriptive research allows researchers to collect data from a large number of participants. This is
particularly helpful when studying complex topics or phenomena.
It provides a rich dataset for analysis and understanding
2.Exploration of Different Aspects :
Descriptive research enables researchers to explore various dimensions of a topic.
For instance, it can delve into how people use products differently or how they feel about specific
situations.

3.Cost-Effective and Efficient :

Descriptive research is usually cheaper, easier, and quicker to carry out compared to other research
methods.
Researchers don't need specialized equipment or access to complex databases.

The reliability of results is enhanced because participants are less likely to lie or provide inappropriate
answers.
Disadvantages of Descriptive Research :
1.Limitation in Causality :
Descriptive research does not establish causal relationships
between variables.
2.Potential for Bias :
There is a risk of bias in data collection, analysis, and
interpretation, which can impact the reliability of the
findings.
3.Difficulty in Generalization :
Findings from a specific descriptive study may not be
generalizable to broader populations or contexts.
 hank You
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