COMPANY DOC. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001 REV.

JKC DOC. No. S-0790-1241-0003 A

COMPANY CONTRACT No. HOLD Review Class. 2

JGC JOB No. HOLD KBR JOB No. HOLD CHIYODA JOB No. HOLD
SHEET 1 OF 19

ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES

FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY

REV. DATE ISSUE PURPOSE PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED

A 15-Sep-11 IFR (EPC) H. Kito Y. Hiroya Y. Hiroya

FORM EPC-0 2
INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 2 of 19

Hold List
(1) Deleted
(2) Deleted
(3) Deleted
(4) Deleted
(5) Deleted
(6) Deleted

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................4
1.1 Scope ..............................................................................................................4
1.2 Definitions........................................................................................................5
1.3 Applicable Specification and Standards ...........................................................5
1.3.1 Contractors Documents ...................................................................................5
1.3.2 International Codes and Standards..................................................................5
1.4 Abbreviations...................................................................................................5

2. GENERAL DESIGN BASIS.............................................................................6

2.1 Objectives of fireproofing .................................................................................6
2.2 Functions of Fireproofing .................................................................................7
2.3 Fire Hazards ....................................................................................................7
2.4 Methodology for fireproofing design .................................................................7

3. DETERMINING FIRE POTENTIAL EQUIPMENT..........................................10

3.1 Fire Potential Equipment (FPE)......................................................................10
3.2 Non-Fire Potential Equipment (Non-FPE) ......................................................10

4. DEFINE FIRE SCENARIO ENVELOPE.........................................................11

4.1 Fire Scenario Envelope (FSE) .......................................................................11

5. FIREPROOFING REQUIREMENTS WITHIN A FIRE SCENARIO

ENVELOPE (FSE).........................................................................................12
5.1 Vessel Supports in FSE .................................................................................12
5.1.1 Saddles and Legs ..........................................................................................12
5.1.2 Skirts .............................................................................................................12
5.2 Process Heater Supports in FSE ...................................................................12
5.3 Multi – Level Equipment Structural Supports (including module structure) in
FSE ...............................................................................................................12
5.4 Loading arms supports in FSE.......................................................................13
5.5 Pipe Racks & Piping Supports in FSE............................................................13
5.6 Critical Operation Equipment or Loss Prevention Devices in FSE..................13
5.7 Air Cooled Exchangers in FSE.......................................................................15
5.8 Protection for Low-Melting-Point Materials.....................................................15
5.9 Air reservoirs..................................................................................................15
5.10 LPG Spheres .................................................................................................15
5.11 Loading Platforms for Product Loading Jetty..................................................16
INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 3 of 19

5.12 Exceptions .....................................................................................................16

6. MATERIAL TYPE..........................................................................................16
6.1 Fireproofing Materials ....................................................................................16
6.1.1 Dense Concrete.............................................................................................17
6.1.2 Spray-Applied Fire-Resistive Materials (SFRM) .............................................17
6.1.3 Preformed Inorganic or Masonry....................................................................17
6.1.4 Endothermic Wrap Fireproofing .....................................................................18
6.2 Fire Resistant Ratings....................................................................................18
 INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 4 of 19

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Scope
This philosophy specifies the general principles and requirements for designing a suitable
fireproofing application for the plant and jetty areas. It is also intended to provide key
information for the designer/engineer in developing relevant design details during the FEED
stage and the EPC stage.
This document describes the basic philosophy of fireproofing design for all onshore facilities
i.e. Process area, Utility area, Offsite tanks, Jetty area, etc. of Ichthys Onshore LNG Facilities
Project to be constructed at Blaydin Point, to the southeast of Darwin, in the Northern Territory
(NT).
Up to the aboveground gas feeding pipeline around pig receiver, the minimization of potential
for escalation from process facility events should be considered.

This document is one of the HSE design related documents in Ichthys Onshore LNG Facilities
Project. HSE design related documents are listed in Table.1.

Table 1. HSE Design Related Documents

Category Document Information
Company Doc. No. Title
Overall HSE Design L290-AH-PHI-0001 HSE Philosophy
Plant Facilities Layout L290-AH-PHI-0004 Plant Layout Philosophy

L290-AH-MTX-0001 Plant Separation Matrix

L290-AX-BOD-0001 Basis of Design for Piping Engineering

L290-AS-BOD-0001 Structural Design Criteria for Module

Hazardous Area Classification L780-AE-PHI-0001 Electrical Design Philosophy
Fire Hazard Management L790-AF-PHI-0001 Active Fire Protection Philosophy

L830-AF-PHI-0001 Fire and Gas Detection Philosophy

L790-AL-PHI-0001 Fireproofing Philosophy
L290-AH-PHI-0005 Plant Zoning Philosophy
Explosion Hazard Management L290-AH-PHI-0001 HSE Philosophy
Isolation DEV-OPS-PH-0005 Ichthys Onshore Mechanical Isolation Philosophy
Overpressure & Relief Protection L290-AP-PHI-0003 Overpressure Protection, Flare and Vent Philosophy
Emergency Shutdown and Depressuring L290-AP-PHI-0002 Emergency Shutdown and Depressuring System
System Philosophy
L290-AP-PHI-0005 Plant Zoning Philosophy
Emergency Power L780-AE-PHI-0005 Electrical Design Philosophy
HVAC L300-AA-GLN-0002 General Design Brief for Building HVAC
Control of Spills L290-AH-PHI-0002 LNG/LPG Spill Control Philosophy

Drainage L750-AP-PHI-0001 Drainage and Effluent Treatment Philosophy

Paving L320-AC-BOD-0001 Design Criteria for Civil

Escape, Evacuation and Rescue L290-AH-PHI-0004 Design Philosophy for Means of Escape
Human Factor L290-AH-PHI-0003 Human Factor Engineering Philosophy
Noise L290-AH-SPC-0002 Specification for Noise Control
 INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 5 of 19

1.2 Definitions
z COMPANY (Upper Case) : INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd
z CONTRACTOR (Upper Case) : The Joint Venture between JGC, KBR and
CHIYODA
z Deliverables : All documents by CONTRACTOR necessary for the
Works
z Site : Location where the Plant is to be constructed and
the vicinity thereof.
z SUBCONTRACTOR : Any company to whom CONTRACTOR has
subcontracted any part of the works.

1.3 Applicable Specification and Standards

The project shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of codes and standards
defined in this section.
The following shall be used, in order of decreasing precedence:
1. Applicable Commonwealth and Northern Territory regulatory/statutory requirements;
2. International laws and regulations where they do not conflict with item 1;
3. Client corporate standards and project standards where they do not conflict with items 1
or 2; and,
4. Recognised local and international codes, standards and guidelines where they do not
conflict with 1, 2 or 3.
The following reference shall be applied to the extent specified in this philosophy.

1.3.1 Contractors Documents

L290-AH-PHI-0001 HSE Philosophy
L790-AF-PHI-0001 Active Fire Protection Philosophy
L830-AF-PHI-0001 Fire and Gas Detection Philosophy

1.3.2 International Codes and Standards

API PUBL 2218 Fireproofing Practices in Petroleum and Petrochemical Processing
Plants, 2nd ed. – August 1999
API STD 2510 Design and Construction of LPG Installations, 8th ed. – 2001
API PUBL 2510A Fire-Protection Considerations in the Design and Operation of Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG) Storage Facilities, 1996
EN 1473 Installation and Equipment for Liquefied Natural Gas – Design of
Onshore Installations, 2007
UL 1709 Rapid Rise Fire Tests of Protection Materials for Structural Steel

1.4 Abbreviations
z EPC : Engineering, Procurement and Construction
 INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 6 of 19

z POC : Perth Operating Centre

z TOC : Tsurumi Operating Centre
z YOC : Yokohama Operating Centre
z API : American Petroleum Institute
z BLEVE : Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion
z CA : Consequence Analysis
z CPI : Corrugated Plate Interceptor
z CCB : Central Control Building
z CCTV : Closed Circuit Television
z ESDV : Emergency Shutdown Valve
z BDV : Blow Down Valve
z IEC : International Electrotechnical Commission
z MAC : Manual Alarm Call Point
z MCHE : Main Cryogenic Heat Exchanger
z MOV : Motor Operated Valve
z F&G : Fire and Gas
z FPE : Fire Potential Equipment
z FSE : Fire Scenario Envelope
z QRA : Quantitative Risk Assessment
z SFRM : Spray-Applied Fire-Resistive Material
z FERA : Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis
z ESSA : Emergency system survivability Analysis

2. GENERAL DESIGN BASIS

2.1 Objectives of fireproofing

Overall fire protection system design shall meet the following specific objectives:
- Control an incident if it does occur and limit its escalation
- Limit damage to facilities and equipment, prevent loss of life
To achieve the objectives above of fire protection system, fireproofing shall be designed to
prevent the followings:
9 Significant collapse of primary structure, pipe racks and equipment items with the
potential due to size, mass, or position relative to other equipment could lead to
significant progressive collapse and significant release of flammable/ combustible/
toxic materials
9 Direct escalation to an equipment item with the potential to give rise to a significant
escalated event with potential consequence in excess for the original initiating event,
such as BLEVE
9 Impairment of emergency system to perform their function
 INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 7 of 19

This fireproofing design shall be achieved through facility design optimization,

practical/realistic management of possible hazards (with the knowledge of their causes and
consequences) and the application of quantitative risk assessment (QRA) to quantify risks
and demonstrate that the overall risk to personnel from the facility is within accepted risk
criteria.
In addition, for fire protection design, active fire protection/passive fire protection combined
approach should be considered comprehensively. Generally, passive fire protection will be
applied for structure and supports, and active fire protection will be applied for equipment. In
case that risk assessment determines or one approach is not appropriate, the protection by
another approach should be applied.

2.2 Functions of Fireproofing

The main function of fireproofing is to retard the rising temperature to prevent the failure of
critical equipment or structure during limited period i.e. until fire fighting capabilities can be
allocated and it performs its function without relying on activation. It is applied where it is
essential to allow safe evacuation of personnel from credible pool fire incidents, prevent
escalation, failure of primary structures and equipment, and to mitigate damage to adjacent
equipment, thus ensuring minimal delay in the restart of the plant following a fire.
The purpose of fireproofing is to permit the emergency shutdown of a unit, restrict the addition
of fuel to a fire and protect personnel and equipment from the effects of equipment or support
failure during limited periods to deploy fire fighting system.
Fireproofing for this project shall be designed based on the following:
(1) Fire potential equipment
(2) Dimensions of fire scenario envelope
(3) Fire resistant rating

2.3 Fire Hazards

The major fire hazard considered in fireproofing design will occur from the ignition of
accidental leakage of flammable products. The leaked product may spread as a liquid pool,
and when ignited will result in a pool fire continuously sustained by the leaking source, and
produces a flame height in excess of the pool diameter.
In the case of leakage of C4 and heavier products, liquid will collect on impermeable floor
surfaces (grade) or elevated tabletop. Those surfaces that can create a pool fire are deemed
to be a potential hazard.
In the case of C3 and lighter liquefied leakage, a liquid pool will also be formed, and if ignited,
it will result in a pool fire.
Fireproofing based on jet fire is not generally considered because it is not cost effective when
applied plant wide and jet fires are directional and the engulfment frequency is less than that
for pool fire scenario. However, specific equipment will be considered for protection against jet
fires where potential consequences of failure are considered significant e.g. specific
equipment with the risk to cause BLEVE event, such as C3 accumulator, HP MR separator,
and refrigerant storage, etc.

2.4 Methodology for fireproofing design

To achieve the suitable fireproofing design, fireproofing shall be designed according to
methodology in Fig 1. Each step of developing the design in Fig. 1 is consistent with the
INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 8 of 19

chapter of this philosophy and has deliverables which show the information required in each
chapter.
This methodology shall be set forward as per the following approach for system optimization,
arranged in descending order:
z Fireproofing system shall be designed by code/standard (especially API PUBL 2218)
and experience.
z Consequence analysis (CA) shall be carried out using credible scenarios for limited
specific equipment such as C3 accumulator, HP MR separator and refrigerant storage
because these equipment have risk to cause BLEVE event.
z Any recommendation arising out of a related CA, such as Fire and Explosion Risk
Analysis (FERA), Emergency Systems Survivability Analysis (ESSA), and Quantitative
Risk Assessment (QRA), shall be forwarded to the Company for approval prior to
implementation.
INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY
Methodology for Designing Fireproofing
What is the hazards
protected by fireproofing?
What is Fire Potential
Equipment?
How large is Fire
Scenario Envelope?
What is impact on the jet
fire for the specific
hazardous equipment?
What are the objects to
be fireproofed?
What are the materials to
be provided?
FIG.1 METHODOLOGY FOR DESIGNING FIREPROOFING
COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
Sheet No. 9 of 19
Main deliverables which show
the information required in
Define Hazards each section of this Philosophy
Chapter 2
- Fireproofing Philosophy
General Design
Basis (L790-AL-PHI-0001)
Define Fire Potential
Equipment
- Consolidated Hazardous
Chapter 3 Equipment List
Determining Fire (L790-AF-LIS-0001)
Potential Equipment
Define Fire Scenario
- Specification of Fireproofing
Envelope
and Cryogenic Proofing
(L790-AL-SPC-0001)
Chapter 4
Define Fire
- Fire Scenario Envelope Map
Scenario Envelope
(L790-DF-MAP-0001~0008)
Perform Consequence - Fire and Explosion Risk
Analysis Assessment Report
(L290-AH-REP-0005)
- Drawing for detail design
(TBA)
Identify the objects
to be Fireproofed For Structure:
- Specification of Fireproofing
Chapter 5 and Cryogenic Proofing
Fireproofing (L790-AL-SPC-0001)
Requirements within a
Fire Scenario Envelope For equipment:
- Consolidated Hazardous
Equipment List
(L790-AF-LIS-0001)
Install Fireproofing
Chapter 6
Fireproofing Material
 INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 10 of 19

3. DETERMINING FIRE POTENTIAL EQUIPMENT

A general guideline for identifying fire potential equipment (FPE) is given in this Chapter. The
specific list of FPE will be given in the consolidated hazardous equipment list,
L790-AF-LIS-0001.

3.1 Fire Potential Equipment (FPE)

The following equipment will be considered as fire potential:
(1) Fired heaters
- Operating at pressure and flow rates that are high enough to cause large spills before
the heater can be isolated and handling liquid or mixed phase hydrocarbon
(2) Vessels/Heat exchangers
- Handling LNG, LPG or mixed refrigerant and with the potential to cause pool fire if
liquid leak occurs, and
- Having more than 5 m3 of an operating liquid inventory that has a potential to be
leaked
(3) Air fin cooler
- Handling LPG or mixed refrigerant, and
- Having more than 5 m3 of an operating liquid inventory that has a potential to be
leaked
(4) Compressors
- Handling combustible gas, and
- Together with related lube-oil systems and seal-oil systems
Although compressors do not have a high liquid-fire potential, they can generate a
fire scenario envelope if there is a prolonged release of gas and an intense fire in the
vicinity of important structural supports.
(5) Pumps
- Handling LNG, LPG or mixed refrigerant, or
- Rated over 45 m3/hr that handle flammable/combustible liquids above or within 8oC
of their flash point temperature because liquid spill is foreseen at pump seal
(6) Loading Arms
- Handling LNG, LPG, and condensate because liquid leakage is foreseen at the
loading joint
(7) Other equipment
- Handling flammable/combustible liquids over 315oC or their auto-ignition
temperatures, whichever is less because these liquids may be ignited at the moment
of spill.
(8) Others
- LNG/LPG spill impound basin, which generated heat intensity in case that leaked
liquid will be ignited.

3.2 Non-Fire Potential Equipment (Non-FPE)

The following equipment will be considered as non-fire potential:
 INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 11 of 19

(1) Piping
- Piping components
(2) Knockout and blow-down drums
- Knockout and blow-down drums adequately separated from fire hazardous
equipment shall not be considered fire hazardous unless they meet the requirement
of 3.1 (2) above.
(3) Catch basins and other equipment
- API separators and CPI separators shall not be considered as fire potential
equipment.

4. DEFINE FIRE SCENARIO ENVELOPE

The dimension of fire scenario envelope (FSE) is defined in this chapter. Typical extent of
FSE is shown in specification of fireproofing, L790-AL-SPC-0001. Fire scenario envelope
around each FPE is represented in Fire Scenario Envelope map of each area.

4.1 Fire Scenario Envelope (FSE)

FSE is the three dimensional space into which fire potential equipment can release flammable
or combustible fluids capable of burning long enough with enough intensity to cause
substantial property damage. It extends as shown in Table 1, FSE Dimension, below:

Table 1. FSE Dimension

Fire Scenario Envelope

Horizontal Vertical (*)

Fire Potential Equipment
9m 9m
( Height <9m )
Up to highest point
Fire Potential Equipment
9m supporting fire potential
( Height >9m )
equipment
Fire Potential Equipment
9 m from the expected
(Rotating Equipment, Height 9m
source of leakage
<9m)
Fire Potential Equipment
9 m from the expected
(Rotating Equipment, 9 m (**)
source of leakage
Height>9m)
API PUBL 2218 / API STD
Propane refrigerant storage API PUBL 2218 / API
2510
tank as Potential Source of STD 2510
in LPG spill containment
Exposure 9m
area
Up to highest point
Air Fin Coolers defined as supporting fire potential
9m
FPE on Pipe Racks equipment or 9 m
whichever is higher
Loading arm 9m 9m
(*) : Vertical distance shall be from grade or solid floor that can accumulate spilled
flammable/combustible liquids.
 INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 12 of 19

(**): Fireproofing shall be provided up to the highest level support of FPE although the vertical
dimension of FSE is up to 9m.
Dike periphery shall be the fire scenario envelope boundary if the equipment surrounded by
the dike is classified as fire potential equipment.
The extent of the Fire scenario envelopes are shown in the fire scenario envelope maps,
L-790-DF-MAP-0001~0008.

5. FIREPROOFING REQUIREMENTS WITHIN A FIRE SCENARIO ENVELOPE (FSE)

This chapter describes general requirements of the objects to be fireproofed within a fire
scenario envelope (FSE). Typical extent of fireproofing of each items is shown in specification
of fireproofing and cryogenic proofing, L790-AL-SPC-0001. Whether equipment support shall
be fireproofed or not is listed in consolidated hazardous equipment list, L790-AF-LIS-0001.

5.1 Vessel Supports in FSE

5.1.1 Saddles and Legs

(1) Vessels including stacked vessels that are classified as fire potential equipment shall
have their supports fireproofed from grade up to the level defined by Para 4.1.
(2) Fireproofing is required on the supports of all vessels located in an FSE, regardless of
size or content, where support failure could result in physical damage to other
equipment, vessels or tanks that contain and could release flammable/combustible, or
toxic materials.

5.1.2 Skirts
(1) The skirt supporting a tower or vertical vessel shall be fireproofed on the outside
surfaces.
(2) The interior of skirt supports, if there is any flange inside the skirt or more than one
access opening in the skirt, or on skirts with a single access opening which is greater
than 600 mm in diameter, shall be also fireproofed.
(3) An internally insulated vessel operating at a fluid temperature above 260oC shall not
have the top part of the skirt fireproofed.

5.2 Process Heater Supports in FSE

For process heaters (in any service) or steam generators that are wholly or partially located in
a fire scenario envelope, the following components shall be fireproofed:
- Main vertical structure column which is attached to furnace wall, up to 9m above
ground
- Structural member, up to and attached to floor

5.3 Multi – Level Equipment Structural Supports (including module structure) in FSE
(1) Vertical and horizontal members shall be fireproofed at all levels from grade up to the
highest level at which fire potential equipment is located.
 INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 13 of 19

(2) If the fire potential equipment is located at the height of less than 9m, or No fire potential
equipment is located on that structure, fireproofing shall be also provided for vertical and
horizontal member up to the levels that is nearest to 9m.
(3) If the fire potential equipment is located on the floor on which liquid can accumulate,
fireproof shall be considered for vertical and horizontal members up to the level nearest
9m from the floor.

5.4 Loading arms supports in FSE

Loading arm support structure shall be fireproofed. Or it shall be provided with fixed firewater
spray system instead of fireproofing in case that fireproofing is not suitable due to the problem
of the weight, construction, etc. Superstructures, such as Gang way tower and monitor tower,
shall be also fireproofed or provided with fixed firewater spray system instead of fireproofing.

5.5 Pipe Racks & Piping Supports in FSE

(1) When a pipe rack or piping support are within FSE, fireproofing shall be provided for
vertical and horizontal supports up to and including the first level in case that piping
contains flammable or combustible liquids, combustible gas, potentially toxic service, or
fire water for spray system or other fire protection system, regardless of size.
(2) For the case (1) above, if pipe rack carries piping with a diameter greater than 6 in.
nominal bore at the levels above the 1st level, fireproofing shall be also provided for
vertical and horizontal supports up to the levels that are nearest to 9 m.
(3) Vertical columns which support both piping and air-cooled heat exchangers shall be
fireproofed.
(4) Load-bearing horizontal beams shall be fireproofed for their full length when one or more
of the attached vertical columns are fireproofed up to or beyond the point of support of
the horizontal member. However, horizontal beams, such as intermediate beams, need
not be fireproofed in case that the integrity of the support should be retained if they will
be damaged.
(5) Load-bearing cantilevers, bracing and dummy piping supports shall be fireproofed when
attached to fireproofed vertical or horizontal members in case that piping contains
flammable or combustible liquids, combustible gas, fire water, or potentially toxic
service, regardless of size.
(6) Fireproofed catch beam or pillar shall be provided for piping handling hydrocarbons or
toxic materials which is suspended from rods or supported by a spring. The catch beam
or pillar shall be located as close as possible to the pipe without interfering with the
designed movement of the pipe.
(7) Beam and column piping supports, other than the rod or spring type, suspended from
fireproofed horizontal cross members shall be fireproofed.
(8) Support for horizontal movement/load, such as guide, stopper, or U-bolt need not be
fireproofed.

5.6 Critical Operation Equipment or Loss Prevention Devices in FSE

(1) The following items are considered “Critical Operation Equipment or Loss Prevention
Devices”. Fireproofing shall be considered for these items as stated below.
INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 14 of 19

(a) Power and control cables for emergency lighting

(b) Power and control cables for CCTV
(c) Power, control cables for fire water system, if any
(d) Power and control cables for F&G panel in LIR
(e) Power cable for UPS
(f) Power and control cables for ESDV
(g) Power and control cables for ESD panel in LIR
(h) Power and control cables for BDV
(i) Power and control cables for BDV panel in LIR
(j) Power and control cables for MOV for isolating process lines or isolating
between seawater portion and fire water main
(k) Power, control cable, or hydraulic line for remote-operated monitor
Power and control cables associated with critical operating equipment or loss prevention
devices running within FSE shall be fire protected from heat and flames long enough for them
to operate. Primary methods to avoid cable failure include:
- Burying below grade
- Routing around or high above FSE
- Providing water spray protection
If none of the above methods are available and prolonged cable service is desirable within an
FSE, either of the following options shall be considered:

- Fire resistant cables rated for high temperature in accordance with the test specified
in IEC 60331
- Fire retardant cables rated for high temperature in accordance with the test specified
in IEC 60332 (inside building)
- Passively fire protected cable trays
- Direct application of fireproofing material to exposed cable jacketing
Note:
- Fireproofing shall not be provided on Cable/hose for ship-to-shore link (SSL)
system because these cables have the function of the fire detection.
- If passively fire protected cable trays are applied, cable tray supports, which
sustain the load-bearing of the cable trays, shall be fireproofed.
(2) If lighting fixtures have battery back-up, fire resistant cable will not be required.
(3) CCTV system will be used for monitoring the plant and jetty areas. If a fire occurs at the
jetty head, the remote monitors will be operated from jetty LIR using the CCTV system.
Fire resistant cables shall thus be provided.
(4) Power cable for firewater pump motors need to be fire protected with the methods
above.
(5) Power and control cable for remote operated monitor need to be fire protected with the
methods above. In case that remote operated monitor is hydraulic-operated, the suitable
fireproofing method should be considered.
(6) Sirens for FGS and Speaker/Beacon for PAGA will only be operated for a few minutes at
the beginning of an incident. In addition, the radio system can be used as back-up for
 INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 15 of 19

emergency communications. Fire resistant cables will not be required.

(7) Power and control cable for F&G panel, ESD panel, BDV panel in LIR shall be fire
retardant cable specified in IEC 60332.
(8) Fireproofing shall be provided to double acting (non-spring return) ESDV/SDV actuators
and all BDV actuators in FSE.
Note:
- Fireproofing will not be considered for the spring return ESDV/SDV actuators.
Instead, fusible plugs will be installed in the pneumatic supply tubes to the valves to
release the air and move the valves to fail-safe positions in case of fire.
- ASTM Types 304, 316, and 321 stainless steel tubing of pneumatic lines are highly
resistant to failure during hydrocarbon fire and do not have to be protected with
insulating materials.
(9) Fireproofing shall be provided to MOV actuators isolating process lines or isolating
between seawater portion and fire water main in FSE.

5.7 Air Cooled Exchangers in FSE

In case that the structure supports air fin cooler defined as FPE, the vertical supports of air
cooled exchangers installed above structure shall be fireproofed from grade up to highest
point supporting air fin cooler. Horizontal beams shall be fireproofed when one or more of the
attached vertical columns are fireproofed up to or past the point of supports of the horizontal
member.
In case that the structure which supports air fin cooler is within FSE occurred from FPE
adjacent to air fin cooler, the vertical supports of air cooled exchangers installed above
structure shall be fireproofed from grade up to the highest point supporting air fin coolers.
Horizontal beams shall be fireproofed when one or more of the attached vertical columns are
fireproofed up to or past the point of supports of the horizontal member.

5.8 Protection for Low-Melting-Point Materials

The design of fireproofing systems for any equipment constructed from low-melting-point
materials, such as aluminum, located in FSE, shall be subject to Client’s approval.
The main cryogenic heat exchanger (MCHE) will be provided with cold insulation from grade
to up to some elevation. If cold insulation such as cellular glass insulation with stainless steel
cladding will be provided, this cold insulation system can be considered as providing
fireproofing capability.

5.9 Air reservoirs

Fireproofing shall be provided for air reservoir itself inside an FSE in the following cases to
prevent the case that all valves in the concerned area will be failed
- Air reservoir used for Non spring return ESDV/SDVs and all BDVs, and
- Not constructed with stainless steel material, and
- Where no individual secured air supply is provided to operate valves.

5.10 LPG Spheres

 INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 16 of 19

Fireproofing shall be provided to whole surface of supporting legs and lower hemisphere for
LPG sphere.

5.11 Loading Platforms for Product Loading Jetty

Fireproofing shall be applied to the loading platform and the full extent of steel piles under the
loading platform. Tubular steel piles shall be filled with concrete down to -4.105m AHD (0.0m
LAT). Subcontractor may propose alternatives to ensure the required fireproofing of the piles
are achieved.

5.12 Exceptions
Fireproofing is required for above ground structures except for the following general
exceptions:
(1) Fireproofing coating shall not be required for reinforced concrete structures.
(2) Fireproofing is not required for cross-bracing or other structural members whose main
purpose is to resist horizontal wind, earthquake, or surge pressure forces.
(3) Upper surface of the beam where fireproofing is required to support the equipment and
piping.
(4) Fireproofing is not required on saddles or leg supports of a horizontal vessel if the
distance between the lowest part of the vessel, including the insulation thickness, and
grade or concrete foundation is less than 300 mm. For stacked vessels, fireproofing of
the supports is not required if vessel-to-vessel distances are less than 300 mm.
(5) Piping support and lug directly attached to Non-fireproofed process equipment, such as
vessels need not to be fireproofed.
(6) Fireproofing is not required on the shoes and trunnions for supporting piping.

6. MATERIAL TYPE

6.1 Fireproofing Materials

Each type of fireproofing system uses a different combination of materials with various
physical and chemical properties. These properties should be taken into consideration so that
the system selected will be appropriate for its intended application.
In selecting fireproofing system and materials, care should be taken to obtain the desired
degree of protection during the system’s service life. In addition to the system’s degree of fire
resistance, a variety of other characteristics should be evaluated to ensure that its materials
perform properly in the environment in which installed.
If the structure is exposed to cold temperature due to cryogenic spillage, the material which
has fireproofing performance even after the exposure of cryogenic spillage should be
considered. For cryogenic spill protection, please refer to LNG/LPG spill control philosophy,
L290-AH-PHI-0002.
The selection of the fireproofing material shall be done considering the guidelines detailed in
Section 7 of API 2218. The following materials could be used.
(1) Dense concrete
(2) Spray Applied Fire Resistive Material (SFRM)
(3) Preformed inorganic units or masonry
(4) Endothermic wrap fireproofing
 INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 17 of 19

The selection and construction of fireproofing material should also be considered the
followings for service life.
- Ability to meet required product installation or application criteria at the application site.
- Potential loadings/substrate movement during transport.
- Impact of inundation by sea-water during transport
- Product suitability for effective touch-up
- Product performance or integrity if subject to long term exposure in moist environments
- Impact to substrate if fireproofing material absorbs moisture.

The fireproofing material types to be applied on particular equipment or structures are

specified in Specification of Fireproofing and Cryogenic Proofing, L790-AL-SPC-0001.

6.1.1 Dense Concrete

This is considered as the traditional material for fireproofing.
Generally, it does not promote corrosion due to its alkaline nature. However, the pH changes
to neutral over a period of years.
In areas of high maintenance activity, where fireproofed structures could be subject to impact
and abrasion, dense concrete fireproofing offers good mechanical resistance.

6.1.2 Spray-Applied Fire-Resistive Materials (SFRM)

6.1.2.1 Intumescent Epoxy Coatings

This is a mixture of reactive chemicals in a specific epoxy matrix formulated for fireproofing
applications.
Under fire conditions, they react to emit gases, which cool the surface while a low density
carbonaceous char is formed that serves as the thermal barrier.
If properly applied, these coatings have excellent bonding and corrosion protection.
They are typically lightweight and durable under non-fire conditions and are flexible and
tolerate vibrations.

6.1.2.2 Lightweight Cementitious Concrete

This is a sprayed (or troweled) coating formulated from Portland cement and lightweight
aggregate or perlite which provides excellent fireproofing insulation (up to 4 hours in UL 1709
or functional equivalent tests) with durability in exterior applications.
Its properties allow it to dent rather than crack or shatter in impact.
The material is relatively lightweight at 700 to 800 kg/m3 and may not need a top sealing coat.

6.1.3 Preformed Inorganic or Masonry

6.1.3.1 Preformed Inorganic Panels

 INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 18 of 19

Preformed fire-resistant inorganic panels can be cast or compressed from a lightweight

aggregate and a cement binder, or from compressed inorganic insulating material, such as
calcium silicate.
The panels are attached to the substrate by mechanical fasteners designed to withstand fire
exposure without appreciable loss of strength.
They can be applied cleanly, have no curing time and have low conductivity.
When used outdoors, an external weatherproofing system is required to prevent moisture
penetration.

6.1.3.2 Masonry Blocks and Bricks

Masonry blocks of lightweight blast-furnace slag (used as coarse aggregate) are sometimes
used.
These units are laid up with thin staggered joints (made of fire-resistant mortar) not more than
⅓ inch (8mm) thick.

6.1.4 Endothermic Wrap Fireproofing

Endothermic materials absorb heat chemically, generally with the concurrent release of water,
and physically through heat absorption by the released water.
This flexible, tough, inorganic sheet material with a bonded aluminium foil outer layer is
formed from a maximum of inorganic, highly endothermic filler, and a minimum of organic
binder and fiber.
They are explosion-rated and can be wrapped around a wide variety of potentially exposed
vulnerable equipment.
Fire-rated wrap systems are easily re-entered and repaired, allowing retrofitting over steel
without disassembling wiring and other attached systems.
The wrap does not catalyse corrosion (nor protect against corrosion).
They can be applied directly over other fireproofing.
Electrical cable trays are particularly suited for this type of protection, providing rated
performance under UL 1709 (or functionally equivalent) conditions.
In most applications, the wrap is held in place by stainless steel bands with foil tape and/or
fireproofing caulk on seams, gaps and termination points.
For structural steel in new construction, surface preparation of the substrate should include
fresh prime paint to provide corrosion protection.

6.2 Fire Resistant Ratings

Fire resistant ratings shall be as follows (Table 2) unless any recommendation from risk
assessment requires otherwise.
INPEX Operations Australia Pty Ltd COMPANY Doc. No. L790-AL-PHI-0001
ICHTHYS ONSHORE LNG FACILITIES JKC Doc. No. S-0790-1241-0003 Rev.A
FIREPROOFING PHILOSOPHY Sheet No. 19 of 19

Table 2. Fire Resistant Ratings

Items FPE
Equipment, pipe supports and structures 2 hours per UL 1709 test method
Actuators for ESDV, BDV and MOV as 30 min at 1,093 oC per UL 1709 test
emergency valve method
Electrical cable/hydraulic line for 30 min at 1,093 oC per UL 1709 test
remote-operated monitor method
Critical instrument cables 90 min at least 750 oC per IEC 60331