PRAYER

Lord, we offer to you our class today. We pray that through your Divine
Guidance, we would learn how to listen attentively to the inputs of our teacher.
May we appreciate his effort in imparting his knowledge to us. May we participate
actively in the discussions and activities, so we could learn more while having fun.
May we value each other’s contributions as a building block towards harmony and
peace. Grant that as we interact with one another, we recognize the fact that all
our learning activities should be accomplished for your greater glory. Grant that
we recognize YOU in each of our classmates and teachers. And we would be able
to apply correctly what we have learned from school. All these we ask in your
powerful name.
Amen.
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS
Laws of Exponents
Laws of Exponents
1. 𝑎𝑥𝑎𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑥+𝑦
7. 𝑎−𝑥 =
1
𝑎𝑥
2. 𝑎𝑥 𝑦
= 𝑎 𝑥𝑦
8. 𝑎0 = 1
𝑥
3. 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑥𝑏𝑥
𝑎 𝑥 𝑎𝑥
4. 𝑏
= 𝑏𝑥

𝑎𝑥
5. = 𝑎 𝑥−𝑦
𝑎𝑦
𝑥
𝑦
6. 𝑎 =
𝑦 𝑎𝑥
Solving Exponential
Equations
Exponential Equations
An exponential equation is an equation involving
an exponential expressions.
Property of Equality for
Exponential Equations
Let a, b and c be real numbers and 𝑎 ≠ 0. Then,
𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑐
if and only if 𝑏 = 𝑐.
Solving Exponential Equations
• Determine if the expressions has the same base.
If not, write the expressions using the same base.
• Equate the exponents to each other.
• Solve for the value of the variable.
Exponential Equations
Solve for:
1. 52𝑥+1 = 25
Exponential Equations
Solution: 2𝑥 = 2 − 1
52𝑥+1 = 25 1 1
2𝑥 = 1
52𝑥+1 = 52 2 2
2𝑥 + 1 = 2 1
x=
2
1
The solution set is .
2
Exponential Equations
Checking:
1 52 = 25
If x= ✓
25 = 25
2
2𝑥+1
5 = 25 1
1 Hence, x = is the solution
2 +1 2
5 2 = 25 set of the given equation.
1+1
5 = 25
Exponential Equations
Solve for:
−𝑥 1
2. 16 =
64
Exponential Equations
Solution:
1 1 1
−𝑥 −2𝑥 = −3
16 = −2 −2
64 3
16−𝑥 = 64−1 x=
2
42 −𝑥 = 43 −1 3
The solution set is .
4−2𝑥 = 4−3 2
Exponential Equations
Solve for:
3. 22 5𝑥+1 = 500
Exponential Equations
Solution:
22 5𝑥+1 = 500
22 5𝑥+1 = 4 125
4 5𝑥+1 = 4 53
𝑥+1−1=3−1
𝑥=2
The solution set is 2 .
Exponential Equations
Solve for:
4. 43𝑥 = 161−𝑥
Exponential Equations
Solution: base 4 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 2
43𝑥 = 161−𝑥 1 1
43𝑥 = 42 1−𝑥 5𝑥 = 2
5 5
43𝑥 = 42−2𝑥 2
𝑥=
3𝑥 = 2 − 2𝑥 5
2
The solution set is 5
.
Exponential Equations
Solution: base 2 6𝑥 + 4𝑥 = 4
43𝑥 = 161−𝑥 1 1
22 3𝑥 = 24 1−𝑥 10𝑥 = 4
10 10
26𝑥 = 24−4𝑥 2
𝑥=
6𝑥 = 4 − 4𝑥 5
2
The solution set is 5
.
Solving Exponential
Inequalities
Exponential Inequalities
An exponential inequality is an inequality involving
an exponential expressions.
Property of Exponential
Inequalities
• If 𝑏 > 1, then the exponential function 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 is
increasing for all x. This means that 𝑏 𝑥 < 𝑏 𝑦 if and only
if x < 𝑦.
• If 0 < b < 1, then the exponential function 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 is
decreasing for all x. This means that 𝑏 𝑥 > 𝑏 𝑦 if and only
if x > 𝑦.
Exponential Inequalities
Solve for:
1. 3𝑥+1 > 243
Exponential Inequalities
Solution:
3𝑥+1 > 243
3𝑥+1 > 35
Since the base 𝟑 > 𝟏, then this inequality is equivalent to:
𝑥 + 1 > 5 (the direction of the inequality is retained)
𝑥+1−1>5−1
𝑥>4
The solution set is {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 > 4}.
Exponential Inequalities
Solve for:
2. 24𝑥+1 ≤ 512
Exponential Inequalities
Solution:
24𝑥+1 ≤ 512
24𝑥+1 ≤ 29
Since the base 𝟐 > 𝟏, then this inequality is equivalent to:
4𝑥 + 1 ≤ 9 (the direction of the inequality is retained)
1 1
4𝑥 ≤ 8
4 4
𝑥≤2
The solution set is {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≤ 2}.
Exponential Inequalities
Solve for:
1 𝑥+5 1 3𝑥
3. ≥
10 100
Exponential Inequalities
Solution: 𝟏
Since the base < 𝟏, then this inequality
𝟏𝟎
1
𝑥+5
1
3𝑥 is equivalent to:
≥
10 100 𝑥 + 5 ≤ 6𝑥 (the direction of the inequality is reversed)

𝑥+5 3𝑥 𝑥 − 6𝑥 ≤ −5
1 1
≥ 1 1
10 102 −5𝑥 ≤ −5
−5 −5
𝑥+5 6𝑥 𝑥≥1
1 1
≥
10 10 The solution set is {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≥ 1}.
Exponential Inequalities
Example: Solve for x.
1 3𝑥+5 1 𝑥−6
4. ≤
9 243
Exponential Inequalities
Solution: 𝟏
Since the base 𝟑 < 𝟏, then this inequality is
3𝑥+5 𝑥−6
1 1 equivalent to:
≤
9 243
6𝑥 + 10 ≥ 5𝑥 − 30 (the direction of the inequality is reversed)
3𝑥+5 𝑥−6
1 1 6𝑥 − 5𝑥 ≥ −30 − 10
≤ 5
32 3 𝑥 ≥ −40
6𝑥+10 5𝑥−30
1 1 The solution set is {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥 ≥ −40}.
≤
3 3
References
• Lim, Yvette F., et. Al. (2016) Math for Engaged Learning, General
Mathematics. Quezon City: Sibs Publishing House, Inc.
• Orines, Fernando B. (2016) Next Century Mathematics 11 General
Mathematics. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
• Oronce, Orlando A. (2019) General Mathematics. Quezon City:
Rex Book Store, Inc.
• Oronce, Orlando A. (2019) My Skill Builder General Mathematics.
Quezon City: Rex Book Store, Inc.
• General Mathematics Learner’s Material (DepEd)
Thank You!