e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:03/Issue:09/September-2021 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com

SOLAR POWERED AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND FILTERING SYSTEM

Khaja Jamaluddin*1
*1Student Masters Of Technology (M.Tech) , Department Of Applied Electronic And Instrumentation,
Khaja Banda Nawaz University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.
ABSTRACT
This research paper is about designing and fabricating an solar powered air quality monitoring and filtering
system to curb the air pollution. The focus is on eliminating the harmful particulate matter from the air which
are the major contributors in the pollution of air. The system works on a nonconventional method and intents
to achieve best possible air purification results using economical and eco-friendly method [2]. In the proposed
system we are using different sensors to get quality parameter of air quality, like MQ135 for air quality, MQ6 for
contamination of other gases present in air, MQ2 for combustible gas, all these sensors are analogy type we
have to convert it in digital data using ADC. We are using Arduino Uno controller board having 6 ADC channels.
It will read the analog voltage 0 to 5 Volts from the sensor and convert it into digital value. 8-bit ADC is
available in Arduino Uno Board. We get digital values 0 to 1024 for 0 to 5 volts. According to this value we will
calibrate our digital value with the actual percentage of gas available i.e., 0 to 100%. On calibrating sensors
value we will show it on LCD connected with Arduino. It has 20-character spaces in each line. There are four
lines in LCD. System will show actual reading of sensors on LCD. Setting threshold values of sensors, we will
control filter fan to filter out air. Threshold value will be in percentage Ex. 40%. Filter will get controlled using
controlling fan of filter with the help of relay. Relay will be switched by controller via transistor. NPN transistor
will be used to switch the really by controlling base voltage of transistor.
Keywords: Particulate Matter, Parameter, Sensors, Arduino Uno, Relay, LCD.
I. INTRODUCTION
During past decades, as result of civilization and urbanization there is a huge growth in Polluting industries,
open burning of refuse and leaves, massive quantities of construction waste, substantial loss of forests and
vehicles (particularly diesel driven cars) on roads that give rise to health endangering pollution. Therefore, it is
necessary to regularly monitor and report the hazardous impacts from air pollution. . The primary contributor
to air pollution is the particulate matter (PM2.5), causing human health issues, like asthma and other
respiratory illnesses. A study has found out that the persons inhaling particulate matter in air are at more risk
of lung cancer and comparable to non-smoker susceptible to secondhand smoke. The parameters of the
environment to be monitored are chosen as temperature, humidity, volume of CO, volume of CO2, detection of
leakage of any gas -smoke, alcohol, LPG.
There are many types of air purifier available in market but they are not sufficient enough to the working
efficiency in public places like railway stations, bus stand, schools and colleges, traffic signals etc. Most of the
institutions and organizations can’t afford high maintenance and installation cost. So, I’m trying to develop such
air purifier which can cost less and are highly efficient. Solar powered air quality monitoring and filtering
system runs on solar energy with use of components such as solar panel, Arduino Uno microcontroller,
sensors( MQ135, MQ2, MQ6 ), relays battery etc.

www.irjmets.co @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and

Science
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:03/Issue:09/September-2021 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
II. METHODOLOGY

Figure 1: Block diagram description

Solar panel is connected to the charging control circuit, the circuit is then connected to 12V, 1.3Ah battery ,the
battery then powers the Arduino Uno microcontroller ( ATMega 328 ) which has 14 digital I/O Pins (of which 6
provide PWM output & Analog Input Pins) and has an Operating Voltage of 5V. The Arduino Uno
microcontroller is connected with three type sensors MQ135, MQ2, MQ6.
CASE 1: If PPM value is => 500 then MQ135 sensor triggers the relay and fan starts sucking the surrounding air
inside the filter chamber and clean air is flown out from the filter chamber, simultaneously the value of gas
detected is displayed on LCD screen.
CASE 2: If PPM value is = = HIGH then MQ2 sensor triggers the relay and fan starts sucking the surrounding air
inside the filter chamber and clean air is flown out from the filter chamber, simultaneously the value of gas
detected is displayed on LCD screen.
CASE 3: If PPM value is = = HIGH then MQ6 sensor triggers the relay and fan starts sucking the surrounding air
inside the filter chamber and clean air is flown out from the filter chamber, simultaneously the value of gas
detected is displayed on LCD screen.
III. MODELING AND ANALYSIS
1: Solar Panel
2: Fan
3: Filter
4: Arduino Uno microcontroller
5: Liquid Crystal Display [ LCD 16X2 ]
6; Relay
7: Battery [ 1.3 Ah, 12V ]
8: MQ135 Sensor
9: MQ2 Sensor
10: MQ6 Sensor

www.irjmets.co @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and

Science
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:03/Issue:09/September-2021 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com

Figure 2: Schematic view

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This proposed system gives a smart air pollution monitoring and filtration system that constantly keeps track
of air quality in an surrounding area and displays the air quality measured on an LCD screen. The system helps
to create awareness of the Quality of air that one breathes daily. This proposed system can deliver monitoring
in real-time for measurements of air quality.
Table 1: PM 2.5 Levels
PM 2.5 AIR QUALITY INDEX PM2.5 HEALTH EFFECTS
0 -13.0 Good [0-50] Little to no risk
13.1-36.4 Moderate [51-100] Usually sensitive individuals may
experience respiratory symptoms
36.5-56.4 Unhealthy for sensitivity Increasing likelihood of respiratory
group [101-150] symptoms in sensitive individuals,
aggravation of heart or lung disease
56.5-151.4 Unhealthy [151-200] Premature mortality in persons with
cardiopulmonary disease and elderly
151.5-251.4 Very unhealthy [201-300] Significant aggravation of heart or lung
disease & Premature mortality in persons
with cardiopulmonary disease and
elderly
; significant increase in respiratory
effects in general population
251.5-600.4 Hazardous [301-500] Very serious aggravation of heart or lung
disease and Premature mortality in
persons with cardiopulmonary disease
and elderly ; serious risk of respiratory
effects in general population

www.irjmets.co @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and

Science
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:03/Issue:09/September-2021 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
V. CONCLUSION
The proposed system is automatic air management system a step forward to contribute a solution to the
biggest threat. The air monitoring system overcomes the problem of the highly-polluted areas which is a major
issue. It supports the new technology and effectively supports the healthy life concept. Also future
modifications like, interfacing more number of sensors to know detail content of all gases present in air,
interfacing SD Card to store data, interfacing GPS module to monitor the pollution at exact location and storing
in public domains.
VI. REFERENCES
[1] National Air Quality Index by Central Pollution Control Board
[2] Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Air Purifier Volume: 05 Issue: 04 Apr-2018 p-ISSN: 2395-
0072 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
[3] htpps://blissair.com/what-is-pm-2-5.htm
[4] Priyanka, V., "Review: Air Quality Monitoring System," International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer and Communication Engineering, 2016.

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