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Detailed Lesson PLAN ( Cellulaar Reproduction)

PHYSICAL SCIENCE (Isabela State University)

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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region 02
Schools Division of the City of Ilagan
ISABELA SCHOOL OF ARTS AND TRADES-CABANNUNGAN ANNEX
Cabannungan 1st, City of Ilagan, Isabela

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 8

Learning Competency:

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
 Differentiate mitosis and meiosis;
 Identify and describe the different steps in cell division;
 Label the different stages in the mitosis and meiosis;
 Appreciate the importance of cell division in our daily life.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic:
 Cellular Reproduction
B. References:
 Science 8 Quarter 4 – Module 2 pp. 5-16
C. Materials:
 PowerPoint Presentation

III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

A. Routinely Activities
a. Prayer Good morning Ma’am.

Before we formally start our discussion,

okay let’s pray. Let’s pray.

b. Greetings Good Morning Ma’am

Good Morning Grade 8.
None ma’am.
c. Checking of Attendance

Who’s your secretary class? Ms.

Secretary who’s absent today?

B. Recall
Now, who can still remember our lesson We discussed about the Digestive system Ma’am.
last meeting?

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Ma’am, the different organs on the digestive

Kindly enumerate the different organs system are mouth, esophagus, liver, stomach,
on digestive system? gall bladder, large intestine, small intestine,
rectum and anus.

Those are ingestion, digestion, absorption,

assimilation and egestion.

How about the 5 processes on the

digestive system?

Very good you are all right!

C. Motivation
Before we will start our lesson let us
have an activity called Puzzle-Solving.
Locate ten (10) words that are
associated to the topic. They can be read
horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
Write your answers on a separate sheet Yes ma’am.
of paper.

Are you ready class?

Yes ma’am.

Did you find all the words class?

Okay, you did a great job class.

D. Presentation of Topic
All those words are related to our topic
for today which is the cellular
reproduction.

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E. Lesson Proper
But before that, let us define first what a A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place
cell cycle is. Ms. ______ please read in a cell as it grows and divides.
what is cell cycle.

In other words, it is a series of growth

and development steps a cell undergoes
between its “birth” which is the
formation by the division of a mother
cell-and reproduction to make two new
daughter cells.

All living things contain a self-

replicating genetic material that directs
the activities and functions of the cells.
Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is the
genetic material located inside a
chromosome in the nucleus of the cell.

In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA

molecule is packaged into thread-like
structures called chromosomes. Each
chromosome is made up of DNA tightly
coiled many times around proteins
called histones that support its structure.
Yes ma’am.
Since we’re talking about chromosomes
Possible answer: the two general periods or
let’s discuss about the parts of the
stages of a cell cycle are interphase and the cell
chromosome. The first part is:
division or M phase.
1. Chromatids - two identical halves of a
replicated chromosome after the
Synthesis phase or the S phase of the
cell cycle.
2. Centromere - the attachment points of
Interphase – a stage where cell grows in size,
the two chromatids of a chromosome. It
carries on metabolism and duplicates
is also described as the constriction
chromosomes in preparation for the period of cell
point which divides the chromosome
division.
into two sections, or “arms.”
3. Short/P arm - upper arms of the
chromosome which is usually shorter.
4. Q arm - lower arms of the
chromosome which is usually longer.

Do you understand class?

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As what I have said a while ago, cell

cycle is divided into two periods or
stages: And what are those? Anyone?

Very good! The two general period or

stages of a cell cycle are interphase and
M phase which is the period of cell
division.

Let us discuss first the Interphase. Ms. G1 stage- is characterized by protein and
_____ please read. ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis as the cell
grows and develops.

As what I have said a while ago, S stage – is the period of DNA synthesis or
interphase is the first period of cell cycle replication.
where the long strands of DNA also
known as chromatin is being found. In
this stage, chromatins are being shorten
and coiled. During this stage, the cell is
constantly synthesizing RNA, producing
protein and growing in size. By studying
molecular events in cells, we determined
that interphase can be divided into 3 Yes ma’am
substages which are the G1 stage, S
stage and G2 stage. G2 stage – is characterized by lots of protein
production and checks both the copies of DNA in
preparation for the M phase.

Yes ma’am.

M phase - a phase where cell division occurs to

Anyone who wants to read the definition
of G1 stage.
G1 stage or the first gap period
produce daughter cells.
Mitosis – a cell division that produces two
identical cells with the same number of
chromosomes.

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characterized by RNA synthesis in
preparation for the replication of DNA.
It also synthesizes protein as cell in this
stage is producing new organelles
slowly growing and developing. Am I
clear class?
Then let’s proceed to the next stage
which is the S stage. Ms. ______ please
read S stage.
During S stage, the cell replicates its
DNA. The “S” stands for synthesis –
referring to the synthesis of new
chromosomes from raw materials.
Production of other substances and
organelles is slowed greatly during this
time as the cell focuses on replicating its
entire genome. When the S stage is
completed, the cell will have two
complete sets of its generic material.
This is crucial for cell division, as it
ensures the both daughter cells can
receive a copy of the “blueprint” they
need to survive and reproduce. Do you
understand class?
Then let’s proceed to the third stage
which is g2 stage. Ms. ________ please
read.
During the second gap stage, or g2
stage, the cell grows more, makes
proteins and organelles, and begins to
reorganize its contents in preparation for
mitosis. It is the checkpoint of the
interphase where it makes sure that both
copies of their DNA are correct and
intact to avoid errors during the M
phase. Am I clear class?
Then let’s proceed to the second period
of cell cycle which is the M phase or
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Meiosis – is where the cell undergoes two rounds
of cell division to produce four daughter cells,
each with half the chromosome number as the
original parent cell.
PROPHASE STAGE
- The repeated coiling of chromosomes
occurs resulted to its thicker and shorter structure.
These are made up of two sister chromatids that
are identical to each because of the replication of
DNA during the S phase.
- The two chromatids are still attached at the
centromere.
- The nuclear membrane breaks down.
Metaphase stage - Chromosomes align at
the equatorial plane.
- Each spindle fiber from both
centrosomes connects to each
chromosome through its kinetochore
Anaphase stage – spindle fibers begin to
contract and become shorter. Continued
contraction causes the separation of the
genetically identical sister chromatids.
- Centromeres divide.
- The single chromatids move towards
the opposite poles.
Telophase stage – the chromosomes are now at
the opposing poles of the spindle.
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also called cell division stage. Anyone - The microtubules disappear.

who wants to read? - Two sets of chromosomes are surrounded by
new nuclear membranes, completing the
nuclear division process known as
karyokinesis.
- Cytoplasmic division called cytokinesis
During M phase, the cells are being occurs concurrently, splitting the cell into
divided to produce daughter cells which two.
are responsible for the growth and
development of a living organism. There
are two types of M phase theses are the
Mitosis and Meiosis. Kindly read Ms.
_____.

The M phase of the cell cycle depends

on what type of cell will divide. If the
cell is a BODY CELL, it undergoes
MITOSIS. But if the cell is SEX Yes Ma’am.
CELL– either sperm cell or egg cell, it
will undergo MEIOSIS. Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides
twice to produce four cells containing half the
original amount of genetic information.
Mitosis is different from meiosis since
meiosis undergoes two cell divisions
while mitosis does not. These division
are called as Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

Let’s discuss first the Mitosis. Mitosis is

a type of cell division in which one cell
(the mother) divides to produce two new The first meiotic division, also known as Meiosis
cells (the daughters) that are genetically I, is a reduction division phase (diploid -
identical to itself. haploid).

Mitosis is divided into four stages

namely: prophase, metaphase, anaphase
and telophase.

First, we discuss what is prophase? Ms.

______ please read.

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Next stage is the Metaphase, kindly read

Ms. _________.

Anaphase is the fourth phase of mitosis.

Ms. _______ kindly please read what is
happening in the anaphase stage.

Telophase is the fifth and final phase of

mitosis. Kindly read Ms. _________.

Yes Ma’am

Spindle fibers from the centrosomes of each pole

connect to bivalents or tetrads through the
kinetochores.

Spindle fibers begin to contract and separate the

What happens after telophase?
Two new nuclear membranes are
formed, and two new nuclei are seen.
There are two new daughter cell that are
produced from one dividing parent cell.
Thus, mitosis has come to an end.
bivalent or tetrads. Homologous chromosomes
separate and migrate to each pole of the cell.
Cytokinesis or the cytoplasmic division occurs
and two haploid (N) daughter cells with
chromosomes with two sister chromatids are
formed.

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Yes ma’am.

Cleavage
Furrows

Do you understand class?

Okay, now let’s proceed to Meiosis. But

first, let's defin meiosis and what's
happening in here. Who would like to
read?

These cells are our sex cells – sperm in

males, eggs in females. During meiosis
one cell, divides twice to form four
daughter cells.

Meiosis involves two divisions, Meiosis

I and Meiosis II. Each follows similar
stages as mitosis (prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase).

Lets first discuss Meiosis I. Who would

like to read?

There are two daughter cells produced

after Meiosis 1, each daughter cell is
carrying haploid number of
chromosomes. This consists of four None ma’am.
stages, namely, prophase I, metaphase I,
anaphase I, and telophase I.

First, we discuss Prophase I Stage.

Meiosis starts with this stage and
includes the following substages:
leptotene, zygotene, pachytene,
diplotene, and diakinesis.

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Let’s proceed to Substage 1: Leptotene.

Each chromosome is made up of sister
chromatids. These are long threadlike
structures which result from the
replication of DNA during the Synthesis
or S phase of the cell cycle.

Next is Substage 2: Zygotene. The

homologous chromosomes start to pair
off through the process known as
synapsis. Pairs of chromosomes that are
similar in size and shape are called
homologous chromosomes or tetrads.

Third Substage: Pachytene the repeated

coiling of chromosomes occurs resulting
to its contraction and thickening making
the homologous pair of chromosomes to
be very close to each other.

Fourth Substage is Diplotene. The two

homologous chromosomes forming a
tetrad begin to repel one another and
move apart. They are held only by the
chiasma.

And last substage is Diakinesis This is

the last stage of meiosis prophase 1.
Diakinesis stage is characterized by
chiasmata terminalization. After
diakinesis, the dividing cell enters
metaphase.

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At this stage, bivalents or homologous

pair chromosomes distribute them
evenly in the nucleus. The nuclear
membrane breaks down and the
nucleolus disappears. Chiasma moves
towards the end, which is called
terminalisation. Do you understand
class?

Okay now let’s proceed to second Stage

which is Metaphase I. Who would to
read?

Third stage is Anaphase I.

And the last stage for Meiosis I is

Telophase I.

Do you understand class?

Then, let’s proceed to Meiosis II. The

second meiotic division forms four
daughter cells, each carrying haploid
number of chromosomes. This consists
of the following stages, namely,
prophase II, metaphase II, Anaphase II,
and telophase II.

First stage in meiosis II is Prophase II.

The chromosomes (chromatids)

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condense to form metaphase

chromosomes. The nuclear membrane
dissolves and nucleolus disappears and
the centrosomes move towards each
pole of the cell.

Next stage in Meiosis II is Metaphase II

wherein spindle fibers attach to
chromatids at the kinetochores.

Third stage is Anaphase II in this stage

the Spindle fibers shortened and
separated the sister chromatids and these
Chromatids that are now called
chromosomes move towards each pole
of the cell.

And lastly, the Telophase II wherein the

Single-stranded chromosomes
decondense and the Nuclear membrane
and nucleolus reforms and there are
Four haploid (n) daughter cells are
formed.

In this Figure shows the stages in

Meiosis I and Meiosis II. In meiosis I,
the two homologous chromosomes
separate which results to two haploid (n)
daughter cells with chromosomes with
two chromatids each. In meiosis II, four
haploid (n) daughter cells are formed.
Each cell is carrying haploid number of
chromosomes.

Do you understand class? Do you have

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any question or additional information

about our lesson today?
F. Application
Activity: NAME ME!
Direction: Name every stage in the cell
cycle.

G. Generalization
Okay class let’s summarize our lesson
today.
Students answer
What are the parts of the chromosomes?

Student will answer

What are the 3 substages in the
interphase?

Cell division phase occurs every after

interphase. What are those two types of
cell division? And how about their
different stages?

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H. Valuing
Activity: Similar but
different!
Directions: Fill in the space where the
circles overlap with characteristics that
are common to both types of
reproduction. Fill in the space to the left
with characteristics specific to mitosis
and the space to the right with
characteristics specific to meiosis.

MITOSIS MEIOSIS

IV. Evaluation
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A. G1 phase B. G2 phase C. S phase D. M phase

2. Which stage in the life of a cell is spent most?

A. cytokinesis phase B. interphase C. mitotic phase D. synthesis phase
3. Which stage of mitosis where the chromatids of chromosomes separate and begin to
move away from each other?

A. Anaphase B. Metaphase C. Prophase D. Telophase

4. What is the substage of prophase I where the pairing of chromosomes begins?

A. Diplotene B. Leptotene C. Pachytene D. Zygotene

5. Which stage of your development as a human being when you were just one cell?

A. Baby B. Fetus C. Infant D. Zygote

V. Assignment
Research and advance reading about significance of meiosis.

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Prepared by:
EDEN CLAIRE P. VIERNES
Practice Teacher

Checked by:
GINA F. JIMENEZ
Cooperating Teacher

Noted by:
REGALADO DIONICIO
Cooperating Head Teacher

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