Objectives:

• Knowledge: Understand dominant and recessive gene pairs in genetics.

• Skills: Predict genotypic and phenotypic ratios in genetic crosses.
• Attitudes: Appreciate the importance of genetics in understanding inheritance.
• Values: Value the principles of fairness and equality in genetics.
Content/Topic: Predicting Ratios of Offspring Genotypes and Phenotypes in Crosses
Involving Dominant/Recessive Gene Pairs.
Learning Resources/Materials/Equipment:
• Whiteboard and markers
• Punnett square templates
• Colored pencils
• Worksheets with genetic cross problems
• Textbooks or online resources on genetics
Procedures: 4.1 Introductory Activity (10 minutes):
• Ask students: "What do you know about dominant and recessive genes?"
• Have them discuss in pairs and share their thoughts.
4.2 Activity (15 minutes):
• Introduce Punnett squares and demonstrate how to use them.
• Provide a genetic cross problem and guide students in solving it.
4.3 Analysis (10 minutes):
• Distribute worksheets with 5 genetic cross problems.
• Instruct students to work individually and solve them.
4.4 Abstraction (15 minutes):
• Present 5 multiple-choice questions related to gene crosses.
• Each question has 3 options. Discuss the answers afterward.
4.5 Application (20 minutes):
• Divide the class into 3 groups: Reporters, Colorers, and Role Players.
• Reporters: Research and present real-life examples of dominant/recessive traits.
• Colorers: Create Punnett squares for given gene crosses.
• Role Players: Act out scenarios demonstrating gene inheritance.
4.6 Generalization (10 minutes):
• Discuss as a class: "What general principles have we learned about gene
inheritance?"
Assessment/Evaluation:
• Provide 8 multiple-choice questions aligned with objectives.
• Instructions: Answer the following questions based on your knowledge of gene
crosses.
1. What is the phenotype of a homozygous dominant individual?
2. In a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa), what is the chance of
offspring having the recessive phenotype?
3. If two parents are both carriers of a recessive trait, what is the probability of
having an affected offspring?
4. Which genetic cross is used to determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of
offspring?
5. In a dihybrid cross, how many different combinations of alleles are possible?

Assignment:
• Assign 2 questions for homework:
1. Perform a Punnett square for a cross between a homozygous dominant (AA) and
a homozygous recessive (aa) individual.
2. Research and write a short paragraph on a genetic disorder caused by a
recessive gene.