By 2028, a world class Army, that is a source of national pride

FIRST AID
STUDENT HANDOUT

Introduction to First Aid

General procedures in case of emergency
 Do not get excited
 Examine the patient where he lay with head level
 Examine the patient for: hemorrhage, stop bleeding and
impairment
 Treat for shock
 Give the patient comfort
 Assure the patient that his condition can be taken care of
 Handle the patient gently
 Never give anything by mouth to unconscious person

FIRST AID – A temporary care given to an injured or ill person

before a definitive treatment can be given by a medically trained
personnel.

SELF- AID – A care given to oneself.

FIRST AIDER – A person who give first aid.

EVALUATE THE CASUALTY

A. CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS
*Ask in a loud, but calm voice “Are you okay?”
*Gently shake or tap the casualty on the shoulder.
Watch for response.
If the casualty is conscious, ask what it hurts.
If the casualty is unconscious, Begin 1st aid measures.
-Ensure abundant supply of fresh air.
 Keep back crowds.
 Remove false teeth.
 Maintain an open airway.
B. CHECK FOR BREATHING
Look for the rise and fall of the casualty’s chest.

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By 2028, a world class Army, that is a source of national pride
 By 2028, a world class Army, that is a source of national pride

Listen for breathing by placing your ear about 1 inch away from
the casualty’s mouth and nose.
Feel for breathing by placing your cheek about 1 inch above the
casualty’s mouth and nose.
If the casualty is not breathing, stop the evaluation and begin
treatment.
-First aid measure for Respiratory Failure
Artificial Respiration - procedure for causing the air to flow into
and out of the lungs of a person when is normal or natural
breathing is inadequate or has ceases.

*Mouth-to-Mouth Resuscitation
 Position the victim on his back flat on the ground.
 Check the airways and clear them from any obstruction, to
include false dentures.
 Tilt the head backward.
 Pinch the nose closed and placed your mouth over the
mouth of the victim creating a tight seal.
 Administer initial ventilator maneuver, giving 2 quick blows,
after which follow it with 1 blow after an interval of five (5)
seconds for every blow. Continue the procedure until about
one minute is reached.
 Check the pulse beat at the carotid artery (neck).
 Check for the dilated pupils of the eyes. If pupil are not
dilated and pulse beats present continue the procedure until
the victim breathes on his own.

WOUND

is a break in the continuity of the skin.

an opening that allows blood to escape from the body.
if not managed properly will cause hemorrhage, shock and
eventually … DEATH.

INCISED WOUND – Caused by sharp bladed

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By 2028, a world class Army, that is a source of national pride
 By 2028, a world class Army, that is a source of national pride

object and presents a clean cut.

PUNCTURED WOUND –Usually caused by

sharp pointed object.

AVULSION – A kind of wound that involves a forcible separation or

tearing of tissue from the victims body.
(Avulsed Wound)
LACERATED WOUND – Caused by any hard or blunt object.

ABRASION – A wound resulting from scraping rough surfaces.

AMPUTATION – A wound resulting from

a forcible separation of any body part.

BLEEDING & HEMORRHAGE

If someone is losing a lot of blood, you need to act. Blood carries
oxygen to every body part – without it the body dies.

Normal adult blood volume is 5 liters

IF THE BODY LOSSES OF BLOOD. IT IS ALREADY IN A

DANGEROUS STATE OF HAVING A HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK. SO,
YOU NEED TO ACT FAST!
First Aid Measures for Wounds are:

 DIRECT PRESSURE – pressing a sterile dressing firmly over

the bleeding part.
 ELEVATION – raising the injured part above the heart level.
 DIGITAL PRESSURE – finger pressure applied directly over the
bleeding part.
 TORNIQUET – a constricting band placed around the arm or
leg to control bleeding.
Internal bleeding can also lead to shock. Both problems are
caused by a lack of blood flowing to the vital organs.

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By 2028, a world class Army, that is a source of national pride
 By 2028, a world class Army, that is a source of national pride

First Aid Treatment for internal bleeding

 Help casualty to lie down.
 Raise casualty’s legs above heart level, so the blood runs to the
vital organs where it is most needed.
 Loosen casualty’s clothing.
 Call for an ambulance medical help at once.
 Keep casualty warm – lie them on a blanket or coat and cover
them with another one.
 Do not let casualty eat, drink or smoke.

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By 2028, a world class Army, that is a source of national pride