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Electrical Energy - ClassNotes - NG
Electrical Energy - ClassNotes - NG
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Electrical Energy
1 Comment / By ClassPrefect / December 12, 2019
Welcome to class!
In today’s class, we will be talking about electrical energy. Enjoy the class!
Electrical Energy
A conductor contains mobile electrons and these electrons are responsible for electrical conduction.
Therefore, electrical energy is the work done by an electric charge (mobile electrons). Electrical energy is a
result of the movement of the mobile electrons in the conductor, e.g. electric wire.
Flow of electrons
Current is a flow of electric charges. The flow of electron simply means electric current. An electric circuit,
these charges are often carried by moving electron in a wire. Electrons are invincible to the eye, but the
effect of the movement can be felt and measured in an electrical circuit.
There are two types of electron flow, these include:
1. Direct current
2. Alternating current
Direct current (DC): It is a type of electron flow (electric current) in one direction. DC is the
continuous movement of electrons from negative to positive. Examples of this type of electron flow
can be found in batteries, solar cells, etc. It is found in many low voltage applications.
Alternating current (AC): Alternating current is a type of electron flow (electric current) in two
directions, i.e. moves from the positive terminal to the negative terminal and vice versa.
There are two major ways in which an electrical circuit can be set up:
Series circuit: In the series circuit, the components are connected in chains, so that the same
amount of current can pass through all the components. The total resistance of a resistor in series
connection can be illustrated below:
Vtotal = V1=V2=…Vn
Itotal =I1+I2+…In
Parallel circuit: In parallel circuit components are connected alone multiple paths for current to
flow through so that the same amount of voltage can be applied to all components. This can be
illustrated below:
The total resistance of a resistor parallel connection is given by :
Vtotal = V1=V2=…=Vn
Itotal =I1+I2+…In
A voltmeter is an instrument used to measure the electric potential (voltage) in an electrical circuit. For
proper reading, a voltmeter is connected in parallel. The unit of potential difference in volts(V).
Fuse: Fuse is a piece of metal having a low melting point. It melts when it is overheated. For the circuit to
work again, the melted fuse must be replaced.
Circuit breaker: Circuit breaker is a device designed to strip off and makes a circuit open immediately the
current accidentally becomes higher than abnormal. This device puts a stop to current flow and it has to
be reset for the circuit to work again.
Prepaid meter
Postpaid meter
In Nigeria, electric utilities, such as Ikeja electric, use electric meters installed at consumer’s residence for
billing purposes. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common billing unit used is a
kilowatt-hour (kWh). The unit of power is kilowatt (kW). Therefore, the energy used over time can be
expressed in watt-hour (kWh). The total energy consumed can be calculated using the formula given
below:
Energy = kWh
= kWh
Example
Assuming the cost of one unit of energy, i.e. 1 KWh be 5 kobo. If in a house, there are:
a) Assuming the electric bulbs are used for 5 hours for 30 days. Find the quantity of energy consumed by
the electric bulbs and the cost
b). The electric kettle is used for six minutes per day for 30 days. What is the quantity of the energy
consumed the electric kettle and its cost?
Solution
Energy 0.75kW x 5h
= 562.5kobo
= 5.63 Naira
= 1.5kWh
=7.5kobo
In our next class, we will be talking about Skill Acquisition. We hope you enjoyed the class.
Should you have any further question, feel free to ask in the comment section below and trust us to
respond as soon as possible.
For more class notes, videos, homework help etc download our Mobile App HERE
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ALLI JEMIMAH
NOVEMBER 6, 2023 AT 5:48 PM
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PRIMARY 6
First Term
Second Term
Resources From Living Things
Economic Importance of Resources Gotten from Plants and Animals
Resources from Non-Living Things: Solid Minerals
Resources From Non Living Things II-Location In Nigeria And Their Importance
Light Energy
Sound Energy
Sound Energy II
Magnetism
Electrical Energy
Skill Acquisition
Third Term
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