PROGRAMA DE BILINGUISMO

2021
 PROGRAMA DE BILINGUISMO

OMAR GUALTEROS VILLARREAL

Director Instituto Politécnico Agroindustrial

MARIA ALEJANDRA GUALTEROS ALVARADO

Directora programa de bilingüismo

OLGA LUCIA ALVARADO OLARTE

Asesora administrativa

GERARDO MARTIN ALVARADO OLARTE

Coordinador programa bilingüismo

LINA PAOLA RODRIGUEZ

Docente Asesora Académica Bilingüe

REPUBLICA DE COLOMBIA

2021

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UNI-ENGLISH INSTITUTE Teléfono: (8) 665 19 46
Villavicencio: Calle 35 # 35 12 Celular: 350 886 53 52
E-mail: uni.english.institute@gmail.com FB:uni-english institue
 BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR
Self-study reference and practice.

Contenido
Greetings ......................................................................................................................................... 7
The English Alphabet. .................................................................................................................. 10

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UNI-ENGLISH INSTITUTE Teléfono: (8) 665 19 46
Villavicencio: Calle 35 # 35 12 Celular: 350 886 53 52
E-mail: uni.english.institute@gmail.com FB:uni-english institue
 Member of de
Family. ................................................................................................................. 11
Numbers ........................................................................................................................................ 12
Days of the Week. ........................................................................................................................ 13
Months of the Year. ..................................................................................................................... 14
Colours ........................................................................................................................................... 15
Common words............................................................................................................................ 16
Places ............................................................................................................................................ 17
Professions/Occupations. ........................................................................................................... 19
Adjectives ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Personal Pronouns (subject and object) and Possessive Adjectives. ................................... 23
Simple Present with “Be” ............................................................................................................. 25 The
indefinite article. a / an ....................................................................................................... 27

The definite article The ................................................................................................................ 28

Countries and Nationalities. ....................................................................................................... 29
Demonstrative Adjectives........................................................................................................... 31
Fruits ............................................................................................................................................... 33
Vegetables. .................................................................................................................................. 35
Nouns ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Countable and Uncountable Nouns. ....................................................................................... 38
There is and there are. ................................................................................................................ 39
Wh Questions. ............................................................................................................................... 41
Prepositions of place ................................................................................................................... 42
Body Parts: .................................................................................................................................... 44
Prepositions of time. ..................................................................................................................... 46
Present continuous tense ............................................................................................................ 48
How to change infinitive verbs to gerund verbs ..................................................................... 49 Present
simple tense vs present continuous tense .................................................................. 51
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UNI-ENGLISH INSTITUTE Teléfono: (8) 665 19 46
Villavicencio: Calle 35 # 35 12 Celular: 350 886 53 52
E-mail: uni.english.institute@gmail.com FB:uni-english institue
 Simple present with other
verbs. ................................................................................................ 52
Food/ Meals. ................................................................................................................................. 54
Sea food ........................................................................................................................................ 54
Drinks and Beverages. ................................................................................................................. 55
Animals. ......................................................................................................................................... 55
Insects and reptiles. ..................................................................................................................... 55
Mammals....................................................................................................................................... 56
Fish and sea animals.................................................................................................................... 56
Regular verbs ................................................................................................................................ 57
Irregular Verbs. ............................................................................................................................. 60

LEVEL A0
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UNI-ENGLISH INSTITUTE Teléfono: (8) 665 19 46
Villavicencio: Calle 35 # 35 12 Celular: 350 886 53 52
E-mail: uni.english.institute@gmail.com FB:uni-english institue
 6
UNI-ENGLISH INSTITUTE Teléfono: (8) 665 19 46
Villavicencio: Calle 35 # 35 12 Celular: 350 886 53 52
E-mail: uni.english.institute@gmail.com FB:uni-english institue
Greetings

Formal Introductions Long-time not seeing Formal

Greeting First time Responses someone or Closings
don’t see every day.

Good morning -How do you do? -I’m doing -How have you been -It’s been a
doing? pleasure,
-My name is ….. well. I’m goodbye.
Mrs/Mss/Mr… Mrs/Mss/Mr… -How have you been? -Thanks for your
time. Goodbye
-How do you so? -How do you do?
I’m Mrs/Mss/Mr ... I’m Mrs/Mss/Mr..

Good May I introduce -Pleased to -What a pleasant -Nice to have

afternoon Mrs/Mss/Mr … meet you… surprise met you.
Goodbye.
Good Evening -Nice to meet
you

Long-time not seeing

Informal someone or don’t Informalclosings
Greetings Introductions Responses see every day.

Hello -My name is… -My name is.. -Good to see you. . -I have to go now, bye
What’s your name? -It’s great to see you.
- Nice to see you.
Hey Long-time, nosee. -I’ll see you later, bye
-I’m … -I’m … It’s been a while. When
What’s your name? was the last time -I’ll see you around, bye.
we saw each other?

Hi -I’d like to introduce -it’s nice to How have you been? -It was nice to meet you
… meet you. How have things been
going?
 Long-time not seeing
Slang Greetings Slang Responses Introductions Responses someone
or don’t see every day.

Hi -Hey Buddy - This is … - Hi … - Long-time, no see

Hey there -Hey there - He is… Hey …
Hey man -Hey man - She is …

What’s up? -Nothing. you? It’s been ages

What’s new? -not much. -Hey,
What’s going what’s new with
on? you? -Oh, you know,
same old, same old.

How’s everything? -Good. you? Where have you been

How are things? -Not bad hiding?
How is life?

Exercise 1: complete the following dialog:

S1: Hello, my name is Luisa. What ____________________?

S2:_______________ Luisa. I’m______________. How _____________?
S1: I’m ________________, thanks. And y ou?
S2: ___________, nice to meet you.
S1: _______________, I gotta go.
S2: see you ___________________.
S1: have a _________________.

Exercise 2: Write two different dialogs between two or three people using formal and formal greetings:

CUSTOMER: Miss, sorry for the inconvenience, I would like to ask

you a question.
EMPLOYEE: Good afternoon, it's not a bother. Tell me, how can I help
you?
CUSTOMER: I wanted to return this garment that I bought yesterday.
She will see, it has a hole.
EMPLOYEE: Allow me the garment. I see, it's a manufacturing fault.
Do you want to exchange it for another one?
CUSTOMER: To tell the truth, I would like to choose another color.
EMPLOYEE: Of course. These are the ones we have available at this
time.
CUSTOMER: Very good. I choose this one.
TEACHER: Good morning, students. I
am Professor Gómez and I will be in
charge of your history classes.
STUDENTS: Good morning, teacher.
TEACHER: Today we will discuss the
first topic on the program: ancient
civilizations. Open the subject manual
to page fifty-four to begin reading.
STUDENT: Excuse me, teacher, I'm
Marcos Domínguez, could you repeat
the page number?
TEACHER: Of course, Domínguez. It's
page fifty-four.
STUDENT: Thank you very much.
 The English Alphabet.

The Alphabet is a system of writing in which each symbol ideally represents one sound unit in the
spoken language.

Exercise 1: Write the lower case (or small) letter of each letter of the alphabet into the box below:
Upper case (or capital) letters:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

a b c d e f g h i j k l m

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

n o p q r s t u v w x y z

Pronunciation of each letter of the alphabet into the box below:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

/ei/ /bi/ /si/ /di/ /i/ /ef/ /yi/ /eich/ /ai/ /yei/ /kei/ /el/ /em/

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

/en/ /ou/ /pi/ /kiú/ /ar/ /es/ /ti/ /iú/ /vi/ /dábliu/ /eks/ /uái/ /zed/
Spell your first name:
• Spell the name of your street: cra 96ª 103-28
• Spell your teacher’s name: josefina restrepo
• Spell your surname: cuesta ortag
• Spell the name of your city: apartado
• Spell your nationality: colombian
• Spell your father’s occupation: various trades
• Spell your middle name: david
• Spell your mother’s favourite colour: blue
• Spell your favourite sport: basketball
• Spell your favourite subject:

Member of de Family. An individual forming part of a family.

Exercise 1: write the translation of each member of the family into de box below
 MEMBER PRONUN CIATION SPANISH

Grandmother /grándmáÐer/ Abuela

Grandfather /grándfáÐer/ Abuelo
Grandson /Gránsón/ Nieto
Granddaughter /grándoter/ Nieta
Mother /máÐer/ Madre
Father /fáÐer/ Padre
Uncle /ánkol/ tio
Aunt /ant/ Tia
Brother /bróÐer/ Hermano
Sister /síster/ Hermana
Cousin /cósin/ Primo
Nephew /nèfiu/ Sobrino
Niece /níis/ Sobrina
Daughter /dóter/ Hija
Son /són/ Hijo
Husband /jásband/ Marido
Wife /wáif/ Esposa
Father-in-law /faÐer-in-loo/ Suegro
Mother-in-law /móÐer-in- loo/ Suegra

Sister-in-law /sister-in-loo/ Cuñada

Brother-in-law /bróÐer-in-loo/ Cuñado

Exercise 2: Write in your notebook about your family.

Examples: My mother’s name is Ana

Exercise 3: Practice with your friends asking them about their family.

Question: who is your mother?

Answer: My mother is… ana ortega
 NUMBER SPANISH
PRONUNCIATION
1 Uan one
2 Chu Two
3 Three Three
4 Fohr Four
5 Faiv Five Nombres A nombre is a matemática unir usted
6 Siks Six tú con ir exprés an amonte, quintita Exercise 1:
7 Se-ven Seven
8 Ayt Eight
Exercise 2
9 Nain Nine
10 Ten Ten Exercise 2: Ask your friends and write down
11 i.le-ven Eleven about their age, their lucky number and their
12 Tuel-v Twelve phone number.
13 Th´r-tin thirteen
14 For-tin fourteen Question: How old are you?
15 Fif-tin fifteen Answer: I am thirty years old.
16 Siks-tin Sixteen Question: what is your lucky number? Answer:
17 Se-vin-tin Seventeen my lucky number is twelve. Question: What is
18 Ay-tin Eighteen your phone number? Answer: my phone number
19 Nain-tin Nineteen is 3117562789
20 Tuen-ti Twenty Question: What do you do?
30 Th´r-di thirty Answer: store manager.
40 Fohr-di forty Question: favorite color.
50 Fihf-d fifty Answer: red and Green.
60 Siks-di sixty
70 Seh-vihn-di seventy
80 Ay-di Eighty
90 Nain-di ninety
100 Uan-hun-dedih One hundred
1.000 Uan-thauz-end One thousand
100.000 Uan thousandt Then thousand
1.000.000 millionth One millon
 domingo
martes Sunday
Monday
lunes
Tuesday
viernes Wednesday
miercoles Thursday
jueves Friday
Saturday
sabado

Thursday Saturday

Tuesday Thursday

saturday monday
Monday
friday sunday

monday wednesday
Friday

wednesday friday

sunday Tuesday
Saturday
 Months of the Year.

Names of the 12 parts, into which the calendar year is divided.

Exercise 1: write the translation of each month of the year into the box below.

Exercise1: When were these people born? Complete the sentences with the correct month

OCTOBER
JANUARY
DECEMBER
FEBRUARY
SEPTEMBE
R
MAY
JUNE
AUGUST
APRIL
MARCH
JULY
 MONTH PRONUN SPANISH
CIATION

January /yanuari/ ENERO

February /fèbruari/ FEBRERO
March /march/ MARZO
April /èiprol/ ABRIL
May /mèi/ MAYO
MONDAY
Colours June /yúun/ JUNIO
Colour is an adjective and a July SUNDAY /yulai/ JULIO
TUESDAY
quality of an object. August /ógest/ AGOSTO
September /septèmber/ SEPTIEMBRE
Exercise1: Read and color.
October /octóuber/ OCTUBRE
November /novèmber/ NOVIEMBRE
Sunday yellow
December /disèmber/ DICIEMBRE
WEDNESDAY
Monday green
SATURDAY
Tuesday brown
Wednesday purple
FRIDAY THURSDAY
Thursday light green
Friday blue
Saturday orange

Exercise 2: ask your friends or classmates about their favourite colour.

Question: What is your favourite colour? /wat is iúr fèivrit cólor/

Answer: My favourite colour is___ORANGE_ .. /mai feivrit cólor is .. /

Exercise 3: Ask questions about different things and colours.

Question: What colour is your house? /wat color is iúr jaus/

Answer: my house is WHITE /mai jaus is…/

 Question: What colour is your pen? /wat color is iúr pen/?

Answer: my pen is BLUE /mai pen is…/

Question: What color is your shirt? Answer: my shirt is red

Question: What color do you like cars? Answer: I like them gray

Question: What color socks do you wearanswer: use of various colors red, green, black, white, blue and gray.

Common words.
words you might use
frequently

Pen Pencil /pen/ /pensol/

Boy Girl
/bói/ /guérl/

Book Notebook
/ buk/ /noutbuk/

Teacher Student
/ tícher/ /stiudnt/

Eraser
/irèisa/
 Marker
/márker/

Door Window
/door/ /windouw/
Computer Mobile Phone
/compíuta/ /moubaíl fóun/

Desk Chair

/desk/ /chèe/

Television Radio
/televishon/ /reidiou/
Places. A place is a particular portion of space. Here you will see some examples:

Airport /èrport/ Bus Stop /bás stop/ Cemetery /cèmeteri/

Park /park/ Stadium /stèdiam/ University /yuniversití/

Apartment /apárment/ b Restaurant /restórant/ Shopping Centre /shóping centèr/

Supermarket / Supermarket/ Art Gallery /art galery/

 Bank /bank/ Cafe /café/ Church /church/

Cinema /cinema/ Garage /gárach/ Gym /yím/

School /skúl/ Hotel /jotèl/ Pharmacy /fármaci/

Hospital /jóspitol/ Police Station /polís stèshon/ Library /laibrári/ Professions/Occupations.

Any activity that a person does.

Fire fighter hairdresser Doctor Dentist Cook

/fáiar fáiter/ /jerdresser/ /dóctor/ /dentíst/ /kuk/
 Pilot pastry chef mechanic waiter barber
/pailo/ /peistrí chef/ /mecanic/ /wèiter/ /barbèr/

Nurse painter Postman Gardener Teacher

/ners/ /peintèr/ /poustman/ /gardnèr/ /tícher/

Singer /sín-er/ butcher /bótsher/ soldier /soulyá/ vet /vet/ architect /árkitekt
 Carpenter Electricia photographer police officer shop assistant
/kárpenter/ /elektríshn/ / fotografer/ /polís ófiser/ /shop asístant/

Bartender bus driver receptionist farmer ma nager

/bár-tènder/ /bás dráiver/ /risèpshonist/ /farmer/ /máneyer/

Locksmith /loksmiz/ housekeeper /jáuskiper/ travel agent /travól eiyent/

Engineer /endginiar/ footballer /futbólar/ lawer /lóyar/ judge /yash/

Exercise 1: Practice the pronunciation of the images above.

Exercise 2: Write and ask your relatives or friends about where they work.
Adjectives. Class of words that describe nouns.
Exercise: Complete the box bellow with the missing information.
 ADJECTIVE PRONUN SPANISH OPPOSITE PRONUN SPANISH
CIATION CIATION
Good GUD BUENO Bad BAHD MALO
BeautifulRead theByoo-tif-uhl
Exercise: BONITO
adjectives and write them in the UHG-LI
Ugly correct box. FEO
Handsome HAHN-SUHM ELEGANTE Ugly UHG-LI FEA
Tall TAL ALTO Short SHORT BAJO
Large LARJ LARGO Small SMAL PEQUEÑO
High HAY ALTA Low LO BAJA
heavy HEH-VI PESADO Light LAYT LIGERO
Thick THIHK GRUESO Thin THIHN DELGADO
Wide WAYD ANCHO Narrow NEH-RO ESTRECHO
Deep DIP PROFUNDO Shallow SHAH-LO POCOPROFUNDO
Dry DRAY SECO Wet WEHT HUMEDO
Old OLD VIEJO New/ Young YUHNG JOVEN
Intelligent IN-TELL-I- INTELIGENTE Dumb DUHM MUDO
GENT
Dark DARK OSCURO Bright BRAYT BRILLANTE
Near NIR SERCA Far FAR LEJOS
Full/ Busy FOOL LLENO Empty EHMP-TI VACIO
Easy I-ZI FACIL Difficult DI-FFI-CULT DIFICIL
Cold KOLD FRIO Hot HAT CALIENTE
Happy HAH-PI FELIZ Sad SAHD TRISTE
Strong STRANG FUERTE Weak WIK DEBIL
Rich RIHCH RICO Poor POOR POBRE
Expensive EXPEN-SIVE CARO Cheap CHIP BARATO
Chubby CHUH-BI GORDA Skinny SKIH-NI FLACA
Loud LAUD RUIDOSO Quiet KWAY-IHT TRABQUILO
Slow SLO LENTO Fast FAHST RAPIDO
Clean KLIN LIMPIO Dirty DUHR-DI SUCIO
Hard HARD DURO Soft SAFT SUAVE
Long LANG LARGO Short SHORT CORTO
Big BIHG GRANDE Small SMAL PEQUEÑO
Comfortable CONFORTABLE COMODO Uncomfortable Uncomfortable INCOMODO
Interesting IHN-TRIHS- INTERESANTE Boring BAW-RIHNG ABURRIDO
TIHN
Alive UH-LAYV VIVO Dead DEHD MUERTO
Late LEYT TARDE Early UHR-LI TEMPRANO
Sour SAUUHR ACIDO Sweet SWIT DULCE
Salty SAL-TI SALADO Bland BLAHND SOSO
Bitter BIH-DUHR AMARGO Sweet SWIT DULCE
Personal Pronouns (subject and object) and Possessive Adjectives.

Pronoun (subject): is any pronoun that is used to replace a common or proper noun as a sentence’s
subject. it takes the place of a noun as the subject of a sentence, it is both a personal pronoun and a
subject pronoun. In essence, the subject does the action of the sentence.

Pronoun (object): is when a personal pronoun is the direct or indirect object of a verb, or when it is
used as the object of a preposition. It’s any pronoun that is affected by the action the subject of the
sentence takes.

IMPORTANT.

Sometimes it can be difficult to tell the difference between subject and object pronouns. It can be
helpful to remember that a subject is what a sentence is about, while an object is affected by the
action of the subject.

Possessive Adjectives: They show to whom things belong.

Exercise 1: complete the box with the translation of each personal pronoun

Yo Me-a mi mi

Tu ustedes Te-a ti-lo- Tu-tus

la-usted

Lo-le-a Su sus de el
El ella

Ella La-le-a ella Su sus de ella

Ese Lo-le-a ello Su sus de ello

BlackNosotros Nos a Nuestro(a)

nosotros
Greennosotras nuestros(as)

Tu ustedes Les-los-las Tu tus

Grey
PurpleEllos ellas A ellos- a
ellas
Su sus
ellos
de
 C A B
Them I YOUR
HER YOU ITS
IT HE OUR
HIS SHE MY
US IT HER
ME WE THEIR
YOU THEY HIS

Exercise 3: write down some sentences using each pronoun and possessive adjective.
1- I am helping my brothers 12-His uncle is sick
2- She is in her bedroom 13- I am using his computer

3- His uncle is sick 14- Our dog is black

4- Our car is new 15- Their house is beautiful
5- He is your classmate 16- She is my girlfriend
6- They live with their parents 17- He is our father
7- I enjoy my English clases 18- He is fixing his bike
8- I am not your enemy 19- I am waiting for my friends
9- He is our father 20- We are fixing her car
21- Are their books really good? 21-Their books are really good
10- I am making my bed 22- She is in her bedroom
Simple Present with “Be”

NOTE:
The Complement can be a Place, can be an Adjective or
can be a Profession / Occupation.

Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps with the present form of the verb to be (am, is, are):

1. Katheryn are my friend, she is in my class.

2. I am at the University and I am twenty years old.
3. Andres, Danilo and Juan is so happy, they are at the cinema.
 4. Tokyo is a nice city, it am in Japan.
5. Daniela, Carol and I am in Bogotá, We are good friends.
6. Carlos is a good student, he are in the library.
7. You are in the army, you are very strong.

Exercise 2: Write 8 affirmative sentences, 8 negative sentences and 8 questions in present simple with
verb to be using all vocabulary seen before. (Adjectives, places, occupations or professions and
articles).

1- I am not short.
2- I am not from Argentina. 1. I am from Australia
3- She is not sleepy. 2. She is sleepy.
4- He is not crazy. 3. He is slow.
5- He is not deaf. 4. They are happy.
6- He is not slow. 5. We are American.
7-They are not united. 6. We are studious.
8- We are not from America. 7. We are blind.
8. I am happy.
1- Are you single?
2- Are youhungry?
3- Are you married?
4- Is she your sister?
5- Is this your new car?
6- Is this your new car?
7- Am I in the right place?
8- Is this your cell phone?
The indefinite article. a / an

EXAMPLES
I went for a movie.

This is a pen.

She is an engineer

I’ve have made a great movie.

She is a shy girl

The definite article The
Use:
1-. With Inventions.

When was the telephone invented?

9-. Cinemas. The Primavera
Tesla invented the Radio.
Urbana, The Odeon.

2-. Species of animal.

10-. Theatres.
The domestic cat lives with humans, The great white
shark is very famous. The Cristobal Colon, The
Mayor.

3-. Oceans and Seas. 11-. Newspapers.

The Pacific Ocean, The Caribbean The Wall Street Journal, The
Sea. New York Times.

4-. Mountain Ranges 12-. Areas.

The Andes The Alps. The South, The northwest.

5-. Island groups.

13-. National groups.
The Galapagos islands, The Cayman Is
lands.
The Welsh, The British.
6-. Rivers.
14-. Only one thing.
The Amazon, The Mississippi
The Moon,
7-. Deserts.
The World.
The Sahara, The Patagonian.
15-. With Superlatives.
8-. Hotels.
The tallest,
The Meta,
The most beautiful.
The Beverly Hills.
Countries and Nationalities.
Country: is a state or nation.
Nationality: people who belong to a nation.
Exercise 1: write the translation of each country and nationality into the following table:

COUNTRY PRONUNCIATIO NATIONALI PRONUNCIATION SPANISH

N TY
Afghanistan /afgánistan/ Afghan /áfgan/
Argentina /ardchentína/ Argentinian /ardchentínian/ ARGENTINA
Australia /ostréilia/ Australian /ostréilian/ AUSTRALIA
Austria /óstria/ Austrian /óstrian/ AUSTRIA
Belgium /bélchom/ Belgian /béldchan/
Bolivia /bolíivia/ Bolivian /bolíivian/ BOLIVIA
Brazil /brasíl/ Brazilian /brasílian/ BRASIL
Bulgaria /balguéria/ Bulgarian /balguérian/
Canada /kánada/ Canadian /kanéidian/ CANADA
Chile /chíli/ Chilean /chílian/ CHILE
China /cháina/ Chinese /chainíis/ CHINA
Colombia /kolómbia/ Colombian /kolómbian/ COLOMBIA
Costa Rica /kostaríka/ Costa Rican /kostaríikan/ COSTA RICA
Cuba /kiúba/ Cuban /kiúban/ CUBA
Denmark /dénmark/ Danish /déinish/
Dominican /domínikan Dominican /domínikan/ REPUBLICA
Republic ripáblik/ DOMINICANA
Ecuador /ékuador/ Ecuadorean /ekuadórian/ ECUADOR
Egypt /ídchipt/ Egyptian /idchípshan/ EGIPTO
Englan /(íngland/ English /ínglish/ INGLATERRA
Finland /fínland/ Finnish /finish/ FILANDIA
France /fráns/ French /frénch/ FRANCIA
Germany /dchérmani/ German /dchérman/ ALEMANIA
Greece /gríis/ Greek /gríik/ GRECIA
Greenland /gríinland/ Greenlander /grinlánder/
Guatemala /guatemála/ Guatemalan /guatemálan/ GUATEMALA
Haiti /héiti/ Haitian /héishan/ HAITI
Hawaii /hauái/ Hawaiian /hauáian/ HAWAI
India /índia/ Indian /índian/ INDIA
Indonesia /indounísha/ Indonesian /indouníshan/ INDONESIA
Iran /irán/ Iranian /iránian/ IRAN
Iraq /irák/ Iraqui /iráki/ IRAQ
Ireland /áirland/ Irish /áirish/
Israel /ísrael/ Israeli /isréli/ ISRAEL
Italy /ítali/ Italian /itálian/ ITALIA

COUNTRY PRONUNCIATION NATIONALIT PRONUNCIATIO SPANISH

Y N
Japan /dchapán/ Japanese /dchapaníis/ JAPON
Korea /koría/ korean /korían/ KOREA
Lebanon /lébanon/ Lebanese /lebaníis/
Malaysia /maléisha/ Malaysian /maléishan/ MALASIA
Malta /mólta/ Maltese /moltíis/ MALTA
 Mexico /méksikou/ Mexican /méksikan/ MEXICO
Morocco /morókou/ Moroccan /morókan/ MARRUECOS
Nepal /nepál/ Nepalese /nepalíis/ NEPAL
Netherlands /néderlands/ Dutch /dách/
Nigeria /naidchíiria/ Nigerian /naidchírian/ NIGERIA
Norway /nóorwei/ Norwegian /norwídchan/
Pakistan /pákistan/ Pakistani /pakistáni/ PAKISTAN
Palestine /pálestain/ Palestinian /palestínian/ PALESTINA
Panama /panama/ Panamanian /panaménian/ PANAMA
Paraguay /páraguai/ Paraguayan /paraguáian/ PARAGUAY
Peru /perú/ Peruvian /perúvian/ PERU
Philipines /filipíns/ Filipino /filipínou/ PHILIPINAS
Poland /póuland/ Polish /polish/
Portugal /pórchugal/ Portuguese /porchuguíis/ PORTUGAL
Rumania /ruméinia/ Rumanian /ruméinian/ RUMANIA
Russia /rásha/ Russian /ráshan/ RUSIA
Scotland /skótland/ Scottish /skótish/
Singapore /síngapur/ Singaporean /singaporéan/ SINGAPUR
Spain /spéin/ Spanish /spánish/ ESPAÑA
Sweden /suíiden/ Swedish /suídish/
Switzerland /suítserland/ Swiss /suíis/
Syria /síria/ Syrian /sírian/ SIRIA
Tahiti /tahíti/ Tahitian /tahítian/
Thailand /táiland/ Thai /tái/ TAILANDIA
Tunisia /tunísha/ Tunisian /tuníshan/
Turkey /térki/ Turkish /térkish/ TURQUIA
Ukraine /iukréin/ Ukrainian /iukréinian/ UCRANIA
United Kingdom /iunáited kingdom/ British /brítish/

United States /iunáited stéits/ American /amérikan/ ESTADOS UNIDOS

Uruguay /iúruguai/ Uruguayan /iuruguáian/ URUGUAY

Venezuela /venesuéla/ Venezuelan /venesuélan/ NENEZUELA
Vietnam /vietnám/ Vietnamese /vietnamíis/

Demonstrative Adjectives.
They demonstrate a quality about the noun they modify, in this case the location in respect to the
speaker or the listener.
 IMPORTANT.

Use that with Use that with something Use this is and is that? Use this is to introduce
something that has that someone has just On the phone. people.
happened. said.
Example: this is Example: hi Cristian, this
Example: Example: She is going on Camilo. (speaker) Is is Carolina.
that was a nice breakfast. holiday tomorrow.
that Andrea? (the
That’s nice.
other person).

Exercise 1: fill in the gaps with the correct demonstrative adjective

 Exercise 2: write down some sentences using demonstrative adjectives and vocabulary seen
before.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Fruits. any product of plant growth useful to humans or animals.

almonds /ámonds/ apple /ápl/ apricot /apricot/ avocado /avocádou/

Banana /banana/ blackberry /blák bérri/ cherry / chérri/ coconut /kóukonat/

grapes /gréips/ hazelnuts / héizelnats/ lemon /lemon/ lime / láim/

mango /mángou/ melon /mélon/ orange /órendch/ papaya /papáia/

peach /píich/ peanuts /pínats/ pear /pear/ pineapple /páinápl/

plum/(plam/ raspberry /rásp-bérri/ strawberry /stróberri/

tangerine /tándcherin/ watermelon /wótermélon/ seed/síid/ Vegetables. any

seeds, roots, tubers, bulbs, stems, leaves, or flower parts are used as food.

Artichoke/(árti-chóuk/ asparagus /aspáragos/ beans /bíins/ beet/bít/

 Capsicum/pepper broad beans broccoli /broccoli/ Brussels sprouts

/kapsikum/péper/ /bróod bíins/ /brásels spráuts/

cabbage /kábedch/ carrot /kárrot/ cauliflower /kóli-fláuer/ celery /séleri/

chard /chard/ chick peas /chik píis/ cucumber/kiúcomber/ eggplant/égplant/

Mushrooms/másh-rúms/ onion /ónion/ parsley /pársli/ peas /píis/

potato /potéitou/ pumpkin /pumpkin/ spinach /spínidch/ squash /skuósh/

string beans /stríng bins/ corn /kórn/ tomato /tomátou/ zucchini /sukíni/

Exercise 1: write 10 sentences using fruits, vegetables, demonstrative adjectives and adjectives
to describe them.

Example: this apple is very red.

1. ______________________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________________________
Nouns.
Are words that can function as the subject or object in a sentence or phrase, and
typicallyrefer to persons, places, animals, things, states, or qualities.

Common nouns are words used to name general items.

Examples:

People. Artist, baby, cook, dentist, giant, judge, lawyer, man, nurse, police officer, etc.
Animals. Hen, duck, fish, parrot, zebra, dolphin, horse, whale, bear, goose, cow, shark..
Places. Farm, hill, hotel, church, shop, zoo, library, park, restaurant, mountain, house..
Things. Door, picture, blanket, chair, desk, cup, radio, television, box, ladder, bag, etc.

Proper nouns are words used to name particular or specific items.

Examples:
People. Omar, Carlos, Carolina, Danna, Antonio, etc.
Countries. America, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, etc.
Cities/tows/buildings/landmarks. Hong Kong, Big Ben, The Grand Canyon, etc.
Days of the week/months of the year. Saturday, June, etc.
Mountains/seas/rivers/lakes. The Alps, The Thames, The Pacific Ocean, etc.
Festivals/special events/holidays. Halloween, Christmas, Valentine’s day, etc.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns.

Countable nouns are things we can count.
Example: dog/dogs

My brother has a dog. My sister has two dogs.

 Other examples of countable nouns:
Things: book, table, computer, banana, shirt, television, house.
People: man, woman, child, friend, sister, uncle, teacher, boss.

Uncountable nouns are things that we can’t count, or can’t divide into separate parts: Examples:

Liquids and some foods: water, butter, rice, flour, milk.

Ideas and concepts: love, fun, work, money, peace, safety.
Information: advice, information, news, knowledge.
Categories: music, furniture, equipment, jewellery, meat.

Exercise: Complete the table with different countable and uncountable nouns.
Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns

There is and there are.

They are used to indicate that something exists.
 1. _____________________________________________________________________________
_

2. ______________________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________________________________

6. ______________________________________________________________________________

7. ______________________________________________________________________________

8. ______________________________________________________________________________

9. ______________________________________________________________________________

10. ______________________________________________________________________________

Wh Questions.

We use word such as What, When, Where, Why, Which, How, etc. to get more information when we ask
a question and we locate them at the beginning of the

IMPORTANT.

We normally use How with

adjectives and adverbs such as old,
quickly, far. Well, etc.

Examples:
How old = we use it to obtain
somebody’s age. How much = we
use it to obtain a quantity or a price
(uncountable nouns).
How many = we use it to
obtain a quantity (countable nouns). How
often = we use it to obtain the
frequency that somebody does
something. How far = we use it to
obtain a distance.
 question.

Exercise: Write 4 questions using WH

1. ______________________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________________
 Prepositions of place

at in on

Examples:

The ball is in the box.

The ball is on the box.

The car is at the traffic light.

Exercise: Comp lete the sentence with the correct preposition.

Body Parts:
Exercise 1: Draw a line from each label to the right part of the body
 Exercise 2: write in Spanish each part of the body.
arm /áarm/ :
abdomen /abdomen/ : ________________________: armpit
______________________: ankle /ánkl// : /áarmpit/ :
________________________: ________________________: artery
appendix /appendix/ : /árteri/ :________________________:
________________________: back /bák/ :
________________________: beard
/bíerd/ :
________________________: belly /béli/
: ________________________: bladder
/bláder/ : ________________________:
blood /bláad/ :
________________________: bones
/bóuns/ : ________________________:
bottom /bótom/ :
________________________: bowels
/báuels/ : ________________________:
brain /bréin/:
________________________: breasts
/brésts/: ________________________:
bust /bást/: ________________________:
buttocks /bátoks/:
________________________:
 calf /kaaf/: ________________________:
cheekbones /chíikbóuns/:
____________________: cheeks /chíiks/:
________________________: chest /chest/:
________________________: chin /chin/ :
________________________:
kidneys /kídnis/ ________________________: navel /néivl/ ears
knee /níi/________________________: ________________________: /íars/ :
knuckles neck
/nákls/________________________: /nék/_______________________
leg /leg/________________________: _: nipples
/nípls/______________________
limbs
/limbs/_____________________ __:
___: lips palm
/lips/_______________________ /páam/________________________:
_: liver penis /pínis/
/liver/______________________ ________________________: rib
__: lungs /rib/________________________: shin
/lángs/_____________________ /shin/_______________________: skull
___: /skál/ ________________________:
moustache /mostásh/ stomach /stómak/
________________________: mouth /máuz/ ________________________: teeth
/tíiz/ ________________________:
________________________: muscles
toes
/másls/________________________: nails
/tóus/________________________:
/néils/ ________________________: nape
tongue
/néip/ ________________________:
/tóng/________________________:
tooth
/túth/________________________:
________________________: elbow
/élbou/:
________________________:
eyebrows /áibráus/ :
________________________:
eyelashes /áiláshis/:
________________________:
eyelids /áilids/:
________________________: eyes
/áis/: ________________________:
face /féis/ :
________________________: feet
/fíit/: ________________________:
fingers /fínguers/ :
________________________: flesh
/flesh/:
________________________: foot
/fút/: ________________________:
forearm /fóorárm/:
________________________: forehead /fór hed/ ________________________: heel /híil/:
: ________________________: genitals ________________________: hips /hips/:
/dchénitals: ________________________: hair ________________________: instep

Prepositions of time .
 Exercise 1: Fill in the sentences with the preposition in, on, at.

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with: in, on , at.

Present continuous tense

We use it for actions going on in the moment of speaking, for actions taking place only for a short period
of time and used to express development and actions that are arranged for the near future
How to change infinitive verbs to gerund verbs .

Exercise 1: Add the ending -ing to the infinitive of the verb

go → __________________________ call pay → __________________________

→ __________________________ swim → come → __________________________
__________________________ meet → carry → __________________________
__________________________ climb → smile → __________________________
__________________________ cut → __________________________

Exercise 1: Complete with the negative and the question in present progressive tense
 He is eating now.
He is not eating now.
Is he eating now?

inging.
_______________________________
_______________________________?

They are celebrating.

_______________________________
_______________________________?

The baby is
sleeping.

_______________________________
_______________________________?

He is riding a bike.
 _______________________________
_______________________________?

They are playing

_______________________________
_______________________________?

It is raining now.
_______________________________
_______________________________?
Present simple tense vs present continuous tense

Exercise 1: Write sentences about what they are doing, use present continuous for
each picture:
 _

Simple present with other verbs.

We use this tense to talk about an action in the present taking place regularly, never or several times. It is
also used for actions that take place one after another and for actions
that are set by a timetable or schedule. The simple presen t also expresses facts in the
present

Exercise 1: Change the verb into the correct form

1. I usually _________ (go) to school.

2. They ___________ (visit) us often.
3. You ___________ (play) basketball once a week.
4. Tom ___________ (work) every day.
5. He always __________(tell) us funny stories.
6. She never __________ (help) me with that!
7. Martha and Kevin___________ (swim) twice a week.
8. In this club people usually__________ (dance) a lot.
9. Linda___________ (take care) of her sister.
10. John rarely_____________ (leave) the country.
11. We__________ (live) in the city most of the year.
12. Lorie____________ (travel) to Paris every Sunday.

13. I_____________ (bake) cookies twice a month.

14. You always___________ (teach) me new things.
15. She_________ (help) the kids of the neighborhood.

Exercise 2: Complete the table with the correct form of the simple present.

PRONOUN AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION

I I work.
he He doesn’t dance.
you do you sing?
it does it work?
we We do not fix cars.
She She eats meat.
they They do not read.
you You watch tv.

Food/ Meals.

Exercise: write in Spanish the next vocabulary:

Bacon /béikn/ beef /bííf/ black pudding
/blák púding/ blood sausage /blód
sósidch/ breast /brést/ canneloni
/kanelóni/ cheese /chíis/ cheeseburger
/chíis-bérguer/ chicken /chíken/
chips /chips/
chop /chop/
dessert /disért/ french fries /french fráis/
fried chicken /fráid chíken/ goat /gout/
grilled /grild/
ham /hám/ hamburger /hámberguer/ hot
dog /hot dog/ kidneys /kídnis/ lamb
/lam/ lasagne /lasáni/
liver /liver/
macaroni /mákaroni/ mashed potatoes
/másht potéitous/ mayonnaise /meionéis/
meatballs /mítbols/ medium rare Sea food
/mídiom réer/ noodles /núudls/ omelet
fried shrimps /fráid shrimps/ king
/ómlit/ pasta /pásta/ pizza /pítza/ pork
prawn /king prón/ lobster /lobster/
/póork/ pork chops /pork chops/ pork
mussel /másel/
sausage /pórk sósidch/
octopus /óktopus/ oyster
ravioli /ravioli/ rare /rear/
/óister/ prawns /próons/
ribs /ribs/ roast beef /róust-bíf/ roasted salmon /sáamon/ sardines
/róustid/ salad /salad/ salami /salami/ /sardíns/ shark /shark/
sauce /sóos/ sausage /sósidch/ scrambled
shellfish /shélfish/
eggs /skrámbld éggs/ soup /súp/
spaghetti /spaguéri/ steak /stéik/ shrimp /shrimp/ snail
/snéil/ squid /skuíd/
stew /stiú/ tomato sauce /toméitou
trout /tráut/
sóos/ tongue /tang/ tripe /tráip/
tuna /tiúna/
turkey /térki/ vegetables
/védchetabls/

Drinks and Beverages. flamingo /flamíngou/

goose /gúus/ hen /hen/
heron /heron/
apple juice /ápl dchúus/ brown
beer /bráun bíar/ can of Coke /kan hummingbird /háming berd/
óv kóuk/ ostrich /ostrich/ owl
/ául/
champagne /shampéin/ cider
/sáider/ coffee /kófi/ gin /gín/ parrot /parrot/ peacock
hot chocolate /jót chóklit /píkok/ pelican /pelican/
/ juice /yúus/ penguin /péngüin/
pigeon /pídyin/ rooster
lemonade /lémonéid/
/rúuster/ seagull/(sígal/
light soda /laít sóuda/ liqueur /likér/ swan /suán/
milkshake /mílkshéik/ orange juice
turkey /térki/
/órendch yúus/ pineapple juice
/páinapol yúus/ woodpecker /wúudpéker/
red wine /red uáin/
rum /ram/
soda /sóuda/ Insects and reptiles.
soft drink /sóft drink/ sparkling water
/spárklin uóter/ alligator (áligueitor) ant
still water /stíl wóter/ tea (ant)
/tíi/ bedbug (bédbag)
vodka /vodka/ water /uóter/ bee (bíi) beetle (bíitl)
whisky /wíski/ white wine butterfly (báterflai)
/wáit wáin/ wine /wáin/ caterpillar (káterpilar)
centipede (séntipid)
chameleon (kamílion)
Animals. cricket (críkit) crocodile
blackbird /blákberd/ (crókodail) dragonfly
(drágonflai)
canary /canéri/ chick
earthworm (érz-uórm)
/chik/ chicken /chíken/
cockatoo /kókatu/ condor firefly (fáier flái)
/kóndo/ crow /cróu/ duck flea (flíi)
fly (flái)
/dák/ eagle /ígol/ falcon
frog (fróg) iguana
/falcon/
(iguána) ladybird
(léidibérd)
ladybug (léidi bag)
lizard ( lísard )

Mammals. zebra (síbra)

Fish and sea animals.

anteater (ánt íter) antelope

(ántiloup)
bat (bát) bear (béer)
buffalo (báfalou)
bull (bul)
calf (káf) catfish (kátfish) crab
camel (kámel) cat (kat) (krab) crocodile
cheetah (chíita) chimpanzee (crókodail) dolphin
(chimpansí) cow (káu) (dólfin) frog (fróg)
deer (díer) dog (dog) jellyfish (dchéli fish)
donkey (dónki) killerwhale (kíler uéil)
elephant (élefant) lobster (lóbster) octopus
(óktopus) oyster (óister)
fox (fox) gazelle
(gassél) giraffe ray (réi)
(dchiráf) goat salmon (sámon) sardine
(góut) (sardín) seahorse (síi-jors)
gorilla (goríla) seal (síil)
hippopotamus (hipopótamus) shark (shárk)
horse (hórs) hyena shell (shél)
(haína) shrimp (shrímp)
leopard (lépard) slug (slág) snail
 lion (láion) (snéil) squid
monkey (mónki) (skuíd) starfish
moose (múus) (stárfish) toad
mouse (máus) ox (tóud) trout (tráut)
(óks) pig (pig) tuna (tiúna)
rabbit (rábit) turtle (tértl) walrus
rat (rat) (uólras)
rhinoceros (rainóceros) whale (uéil)
seal (síil)
sheep (shíip) squirrel
(skwúrrl) tiger /taiger/

wolf (wúlf)
Regular verbs
No. INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE SPANISH.

1 achieve achieved achieved

2 admit admitted admitted
3 advise advised advised
4 agree agreed agreed
5 annoy annoyed annoyed
6 answer answered answered
7 apologize apologized apologized
8 argue argued argued
9 arrive arrived arrived
10 ask asked asked
11 attack attacked attacked
12 avoid avoided avoided
13 bake baked baked
14 believe believed believed
15 boil boiled boiled
16 borrow borrowed borrowed
17 breathe breathed breathed
18 brush brushed brushed
19 call called called
20 cancel cancelled cancelled
21 care cared cared
22 carry carried carried
23 change changed changed
24 cheat cheated cheated
25 check checked checked
26 chop chopped chopped
27 clean cleaned cleaned
28 climb climbed climbed
29 close closed closed
30 comb combed combed
31 complain complained complained
32 cook cooked cooked
33 cross crossed crossed
34 cry cried cried
35 dance danced danced
36 decide decided decided
37 delete deleted deleted
38 deny denied denied
39 develop developed developed
40 die died died
41 earn earned earned
42 end ended ended
43 enjoy enjoyed enjoyed
44 exercise exercise exercise
45 explain explained explained
46 fail failed failed
47 fill filled filled
48 finish finished finished
49 fix fixed fixed
50 follow followed followed
51 guess guessed guessed
52 happen happened happened
53 hate hated hated
54 help helped helped
55 hurry hurried hurried
56 ignore ignored ignored
57 imagine imagined imagined
58 improve improved improved
59 introduce introduced introduced
60 jog jogged jogged
61 join joined joined
62 joke joked joked
63 jump jumped jumped
64 kick kicked kicked
65 kill killed killed
66 kiss kissed kissed
67 knock knocked knocked
68 laugh laughed laughed
69 lie lied/lay lied/lain
70 like liked liked
71 listen (to) listened (to) listened (to)
72 live lived lived
73 lock locked locked
74 look after looked after looked after
75 look at looked at looked at
76 look for looked for looked for
77 look like looked like looked like
78 love loved loved
79 marry married married
80 miss missed missed
81 need needed needed
82 open opened opened
83 pack packed packed
84 paint painted painted
85 pass passed passed
86 pause paused paused
87 phone phoned phoned
88 pick picked picked
89 plan planned planned
90 play played played
91 prefer preferred preferred
92 prepare prepared prepared
93 press pressed pressed
94 pretend pretended pretended
95 protect protected protected
96 provide provided provided
97 pull pulled pulled
98 push pushed pushed
99 rain rained rained
100 regret regretted regretted
101 remember remembered remembered
102 repair repaired repaired
103 repeat repeated repeated
104 rest rested rested
 105 return returned returned
106 save saved saved
107 scare scared scared
108 scream screamed screamed
109 search searched searched
110 seem seemed seemed
111 share shared shared
112 smell smelled smelled
113 smile smiled smiled
114 snow snowed snowed
115 start started started
116 stay stayed stayed
117 step stepped stepped
118 stop stopped stopped
119 study studied studied
120 talk talked talked
121 tidy up tidied up tidied up
122 tie tied tied
123 touch touched touched
124 train trained trained
125 travel travelled travelled
126 try tried tried
127 turn turned turned
128 use used used
129 visit visited visited
130 wait waited waited
131 walk walked walked
132 want wanted wanted
133 wash washed washed
134 wash up washed up washed up
135 waste wasted wasted
136 watch watched watched
137 wish wished wished
138 wonder wondered wondered
139 work worked worked
140 worry worried worried
Irregular Verbs.
No. INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATION.
1 be was/were been
2 become became become
3 begin began begun
4 bend bent bent
5 bet bet bet
6 bite Bit bitten
7 bleed bled bled
8 blow blew blown
9 break broke broken
10 bring brought brought
11 build built built
12 burn burned/burnt burned/burnt
13 burst burst burst
14 buy bought bought
15 catch caught caught
16 choose chose chosen
17 come came come
18 cost cost cost
19 creep crept crept
20 cut cut cut
21 dig dug dug
22 do did done
23 draw drew drawn
24 dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
25 drink drank drunk
26 drive drove driven
27 eat ate eaten
28 fall fell fallen
29 feed fed fed
30 feel felt felt
31 fight fought fought
32 find found found
33 fly flew flown
34 forget forgot forgotten
35 forgive forgave forgiven
36 freeze froze frozen
37 get got got/gotten
38 give gave given
39 go went gone
40 grow grew grown
41 hang hanged/hung hanged/hung
42 have had had
43 hear heard heard
44 hide hid hidden
45 hit hit hit
46 hold held held
47 hurt hurt hurt
48 keep kept kept
49 know knew known
50 lay laid laid
51 lead led led
52 leap leaped/leapt leaped/leapt
53 leave left left
54 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
55 lend lent lent
56 let let let
57 lose lost lost
58 make made made
59 mean meant meant
60 meet met met
61 pay paid paid
62 put put put
63 read read read
64 ride rode ridden
65 ring rang rung
66 rise rose risen
67 run ran run
68 say said said
69 see saw seen
70 seek sought sought
71 sell sold sold
72 send sent sent
73 set set set
74 shake shook Shaken
75 shine shined/shone shined/shone
76 show showed shown/showed
77 shrink shrank/shrunk Shrunk
78 shut shut shut
79 sing sang sung
80 sink sank sunk
81 sit sat sat
82 sleep slept slept
83 slide slid slid
84 speak spoke spoken
85 spend spent spent
86 spin spun spun
87 spoil spoiled/spoilt spoiled/spoilt
88 spread spread spread
89 stand stood stood
90 steal stole stolen
91 stick stuck stuck
92 sting stung stung
93 stink stank stunk
94 swear swore sworn
95 sweep swept swept
96 swim swam swum
97 swing swung swung
98 take took taken
99 teach taught taught
100 tear tore torn
101 tell told told
102 think thought thought
103 throw threw thrown
104 understand understood understood
105 undo undid undone
106 wake woke woken
107 wear wore worn
108 win won Won
109 Write wrote Written