TH E

IN C A S OF PE R U

S I R C LE M E N T S M A R K H A M K O B ,
. . .

D S C (C m b )
. . F S A
a , . . .

SO G
C OR R E P NDIN OF A AD OF H S O
M E M B ER AD D
T H E R OY AL C EMY I T RY A T M RI

OF
A ND G OG A H A SO
TH E S OF
E R O AP IC L C IE T IE PER U A N D B LIVI

WIT H 1 6 ILLUS TR A TIO NS A ND A M A P

T HIR D I M PR ES SION ( S EC ON D ED I
‘
TIO N)

NEW Y O RK
E P DUT T ON A ND COM PA N Y
. .

81 W E S T TW E N TY T H IR D S TR EE T
-

[A l l righ t s re se r v e d!
B R IDC I
‘
( W V II OF L ! " A A
" In P M I
’
‘
I N CA S OF PE R U

SIR C LE M E N T S M AR K H A M K C B ,
. . .

u se . P S A. . .

O SO D G
C R R E P N IN M E MB ER OF O A A AD OF
TH E R Y L C E MY HI S T OR Y AT M AD D
RI

OF
A ND TH E G OG A H A SO
E R S OF
P IC L CIE T IE PER U AN D B O LIVIA

WIT H 1 6 ILLUS T RA TIO NS A ND A M A P

T H I R D I M PR ES SION ( S EC O N D ’ ED ITIO N)

NEW Y OR K
E P DUT T ON A ND COM PA N Y
. .

31 W E S T T WE N TY T H IR D S TR EE T
-

[A l l righ t s r e ser v e d!
 P R E FA C E

TH E fa sc i na t i ng ry o f Inc a c ivi lisa t i o n w a s

st o

t o ld t o o ur fa t h er s by D r R o b ert so n wh o se
.
,

Hi st o ry o f Am e ri c a a pp e a r e d in 1778 a nd t o ,

o urselv es by Mr .Pr esc o t t who se C o nquest o f

,

P eru w a s p ub li sh e d in 1843 It is a ssum e d t hat .

m o st e duc a t e d p eo p le h a v e r ea d t h e la t t e r w o rk .

B ut si nc e it s p ub li c a t i o n a gr e a t d ea l o f subse
u e nt ly disc o v er e d m a t e ri a l h a s quit e a lt er e d o ur
q
vi ew o f so me t hings a nd t hro wn ent irely new
,

light up o n o t he rs Ye t Mr Pr esc o t t s w o rk c a n
’
. .

ne v er lose it s high p o si t i o n a s a c a r e fully wr i t t en

a nd v e ry c h a rming h i st o ry .

It is no w m o r e t ha n sixt y y ea rs a go si nc e t h e
present wri t er c a m e un der t h e influenc e o f t ha t
fa sc i na t i o n wh en a s a na va l c a d et o n b o a rd H M S
, , . . .

Co llingwood t h e fl a gship in t h e P a c ifi c h e fir st
, ,

ga z e d o n t he la nd o f t he In c a s Th e no b le .

Sym o ndit e lin e o f b a t t le ship r o un de d t h e no r t h ern

- -

h e a dla n d o f Sa n L o r enz o I sla nd a nd m a d e h er ,

st a t ely w a t o h er a nc ho r a g e in C a lla o r o a d s I
y .

w a s j ust fo ur t ee n a nd un de r t h e wi ng o f Li eu
,

t ena nt P eel a g e d nine t een ( a ft e rwa rds t h e g a lla nt

,

Sir Wi lli a m P e el) w h o w as o ffi c er o f my w a t c h

,
vi P R E FAC E

on t he fo rec a st le . We g a z e d b e fo re
on t he sc ene

us t h e brigh t gr een p la i n ri si ng by a g ent le slo p e

,

t o t h e m o unt a i ns wi t h t h e whi t e t o w ers o f Li m a

,

a pp ea ri ng o n it s fur t h e r skir t s a nd b eh i n d t h e ,

migh t y c o r di ller a ri si ng i nt o t he c lo ud s D uri ng .

t h e fo ur y e a rs o f o ur c o m missi o n w e w e r e fi v e
t i m es a t C a llao st a yi ng so m e m o nt h s a t a t i me
,
.

I go t t o kn o w Li m a v e ry we ll a nd m a d e so m e ,

fri ends i nc ludi ng t he b e a ut i ful Gri m a n esa Alt h a us

, ,

t o w h o m I w as a ft e rw a rds m uc h i nd e b t e d in m y
resea rc h es ; a nd t he a ge d Seno r a O H iggins
1 ’

d a ught er o f t h e Sp a nish Vi c ero y o f P eru fro m

1 7 9 6 t o 1 80 1 I knew t he b a nks o f t he R im a c
.

b et ween Li ma a nd it s mo ut h e ven b et t er a nd ,

I vi si t e d t he v a st mo unds o r huac a s in t he p la i n .

In t h o se d a ys y o ungst er s o n t h e P a c ific st a t i o n
w ere c a re fully t a ught Frenc h a nd Sp a ni sh a s w ell ,

a s n a vig a t i o n .

It w a s no t unt i l m y r e t urn in 184 8 t ha t I , ,

w a s a b le t o o b t a in a c o py o f Pr esc o t t s C o nq ue st
’

o f P e ru whic h I d evo ur e d o v er a nd o ve r a ga i n
’

wi t h i nt ense int erest D ur i ng t he wi nt e r o f my

.

se rvi c e in t h e Ar c t i c r e gi o ns I h a d a c o py o f t h e

Q ui c hua Di c t i o na ry by T o rr es R ubi o t o st udy ,

whic h I h a d b o ught in Li ma a nd t he D o c t o r ,

ha d H o lgui n s gra mm a r so t h a t I w a s a b le t o
’

a c q uire so m e k no w le dg e o f t h e la ng ua g e o f t he

1 Se e p ge
a 1 19 .
 PR E FAC E Vii

Inc a s . On my r et urn I st udi ed a ll t h e rit i es a ut ho

w i t hi n my r e a c h , a nd in A ugust 185 2 I r eso lve d

t o un de r t a k e a n e xp e dit i o n t o P e ru I w as .

pra c t i se d in o b serv in g t he h ea ve nly b o dies fo r

la t i t ude a nd lo ngi t ude a nd I c o uld m a k e a fa ir ly
,

go o d surve y o f ruins a nd m a p s o f m y r o ut e s
, .

My fir st c a re w a s t o o b t a i n Mr Pr e sc o t t s .
’

a ppr o v a l o f m y un d e r t a ki ng a n d I w ent t o B o st o n ,

wit h i nt r o d uc t i o ns t o him fr o m L o rd C a r li sle a nd

t h e D ea n o f St P a ul s ( Mi lm a n) H e a t o nc e
.
’
.

i nvi t e d m e t o his c o un t ry h o use a t P epp e re ll in ,

New H a mp sh ir e wh e r e I enj o ye d h is so c i e t y fo r
,

t e n v e ry p le a sa nt d a ys Our p a r t y c o nsi st e d o f
.

Mr a nd Mrs Pr esc o t t t h eir so n Am o ry t he

. .
, ,

se c r e t a ry a nd m y se lf Mr Presc o t t s h o use w a s ’
. .

a lo n g w o o d en b ui ldi ng wi t h a c o v e r e d v e r a n d a h

e x t endi ng h a lf it s le n gt h t a ll sh a dy t r e e s in fr o nt
, ,

o n a la wn dividi ng t h e h o use fr o m a q ui e t c o un t ry

r o a d There w as a p lea sa nt sh a dy wa lk b ehin d t he

.

h o use o f whi c h Mr Pr e sc o t t w a s v ery fo nd ; fo r

, .
,

t h o ug h his sigh t w a s ba d h e w a s n o t q ui t e b li n d ,
.

H e c o ul d see e no ugh t o ge t a b o ut t h e h o use a nd ,

e v en t o t a k e w a lk s by h i m se lf but n o t t o r e a d ,
.

H e c o n v erse d wi t h m e in his la rg e st udy w h e re ,

h e t o o k n o t es o n a sla t e wi t h lin e s w hi le his ,

sec r e t a ry r ea d t o h im Th e n o t es w e re t h e n r e a d
.

t o him a nd a ft e r so m e t h o ugh t h e b e g a n t o di c t a t e
, , ,
.

W e t a lke d o v e r P eru a n d he exp la i ne d m o st

,
viii P R E FAC E

luc id ly t he p a ra t ive v a lue o f t he a ut ho ri t i es

com

h e h a d used a dding t h a t t h er e w e r e pr o b a b ly
,

o t h e rs o f e qua l i m p o r t a nc e t h a t h e h a d no t se en .

Onc e h e sa id t h a t no hist o ry c o uld be quit e sa t i s

fa c t o ry un less t he a ut h o r w a s p erso na lly a c
u a in t e d wi t h t h e lo c a li t i es h e h a d t o d esc rib e
q .

H e g a v e m e v a lua b le a dvi c e a nd sa id t h a t h e
,

w o uld be m uc h i nt e re st e d in t he r esult s o f m y
j o ur ney I use d t o drive o ver t he c o unt ry in a
.

b uggy a nd p ull o n t h e quiet li t t le Nississiset t rive r

,

wi t h Am o ry My st a y o f t en da ys a t P e pperell
.
,

wi t h t h e gre a t hist o ri a n is a t i m e whic h I a lwa ys

,

lo o k b a c k t o wi t h feelings o f p lea sur e a nd gr a t i t ud e .

It w a s a fi t t i ng i nt r o duc t i o n t o m y P e ruvi a n
r esea rc h e s .

Fr o m Li m a I m a de sev era l exc ur si o ns a nd ,

exp lo r e d t h e c o a st fr o m Li m a t o Na sc a Cr o ssing
.

a n unfr e que nt e d p ass o f t he An des fr o m Yea ,

I ma d e seve ra l exc ursi o ns fro m m y h ea dqua rt ers

at Ay ac uc ho a nd e vent ua lly went t henc e t o
,

Cuzc o A t t he c i t y o f t h e Inc as I r ema i ne d

.

se v e r a l w e e k s c a r e fully e x a mini ng t h e ruins a nd

, ,

le a rning m uc h fr o m suc h r ec ipi ent s o f fo lk lo re

a s D r J uli a n Oc h o a a nd t h e Se fio ra As t e t e
. Fro m
.

C uz c o I we nt t o t he v a lley o f Vilc a m a y u o c c upi ed

in r ese a rc h es a nd t h en o v e r t he An d es t o sp e nd
,

a fo r t night wi t h D r J ust inia ni a d esc end a nt o f

.
,

t he I nc a s a t L a ri s a nd t o Co py his m a nusc rip t s

, ,
.
 P R E FAC E ix

My nex t j o urney w a s t o P a uc a rt a m b o wh e nc e ,

I p ene t ra t e d fa r i nt o t h e wi ld m o nt a fia Fi na lly .

I w ent fr o m Cuz c o t o Ar e quip a by t he lo ft y p a ss

o f R um i h ua si .

On m y r e t ur n t o E ngla nd I c o nt i nue d m y
st udies un t i l in 1 859 t o 1 861 I w a s e ng a ge d o n
, ,

t he i m p o r t a nt p ub li c se rvi c e o f i nt r o duc i ng t h e
c ult iva t i o n o f t h e v a ri o us sp e c i es o f q uini ne yi e ldi ng
-

c hi nc h o na t r e es fr o m So ut h A m e ri c a i nt o Bri t i sh

Indi a . I h a d t h e p le a sur e o f m a king t he a c qua i nt

a nc e o f t h a t sp len did o ld w a rri o r G ene ra l Mi ller
, ,

w h o r e fe rr e d m e t o n e w m i n e s o f i nfo r m a t i o n

a m o n g t he Pa p eles Va ries o f t h e Li m a libr a ry .

D uri n g my j o ur ne ys I w a s a b le t o e xp lo re gr ea t
p a rt o f t he no rt h ern h a lf o f t he b a si n o f L a ke
Ti t ic a c a a nd t he M o nt a na o f Ca ra v a ya I a lso
, .

c o llec t e d se v e r a l Q ui c h ua so ng s T hr o ugh o ut m y
.

j o ur ne ys in P e ru I rec eiv e d t he h ea r t i est we lc o m e s

a nd t he m o st un b o un d e d h o spi t a li t y a nd ki n dne ss .

T h e t hr e e India ns w h o w e nt wi t h m e i nt o t h e
fo r est s o f Ca ra v a ya w e re o b ligi ng wi lli ng a nd , ,

fa i t hf ul . My e xp eri enc e wi t h t h em a nd o t h ers

ga v e m e a h igh o pi nio n o f t he Indi a n c h a ra c t e r .

Si nc e m y r et ur n fr o m Pe ru ne a rly fi ft y y e a rs
,

a o
g , I h a v e k e p t u p m y kn o w le dg e o f t h e li t e r a ry
la b o ur s o f t h e P e ruvi a ns in t h e dir ec t i o n o f I nc a
,

r esea rc h by c o rr esp o nde nc e w i t h fri ends a nd t he

, ,

rec eip t o f b o o ks a nd p a mp hlet s My m o st va lued

.
X P R E FAC E

co rr esp o ndent s h a ve b een Do n E La rra bur e y .

Una nue Do n M a nuel G o n z a le z d e la R o sa D o n

, ,

J o sé T o ribi o P o lo a nd D o n R i c a rd o P a lm a ,
I .

a lso r e c e iv e d m uc h ki nd a ssi st a nc e fr o m fri en ds in

Sp a i n no w d ep a r t e d Do n P a sc ua l d e G a y a ng o s
, , ,

a nd e sp ec i a lly fr o m Do n M a rc o s Ji m e ne z d e la

E sp a da T h e li t era ry la b o ur s o f t hese a nd o t her

.

Sp a nish a nd P eruvi a n a ut h o rs a t t a i n a high

st a n d a rd I ha v e sinc e dev o t e d m y e ffo r t s t o
.

a c o m p le t e m a st e ry o f a ll t h e o rigi na l a ut h o ri t i es

o n I n c a hi st o ry a nd c ivi li sa t i o n It is no t eno ugh .

t o dip i nt o t h em no r e v e n t o r ea d t h e m in o rd e r
, ,

t o o b t a i n suc h a m a st ery T h e pro b lems t ha t .

pr esent t he m selves in t h e st udy o f I nc a c ivi li

sa t i o n a re o ft e n c o m p li c a t e d t h e y n ee d m uc h ,

weighi ng o f e vid enc e a nd a re di ffic ult o f so lut i o n , .

My o w n st udies h a v e e xt ende d o ver m a ny ye a rs ,

dur i ng whi c h t i me I h a v e t ra nsla t e d a nd a nno

t a t e d t h e pri nc ip a l a ut h o ri t i es m a d e i nd ex es a nd
1
, ,

1 M y la b o urs e x t e nd o v er fift y y e a rs, fro m 1 8 5 9 to 19 0 9 , a nd

c o nsis t o f t h e fo llo win g p ub li t i n ca o s

l .
‘
T he Ea rlies t E xp dit i ne o s int o t he Va lley o f the
A ma z o ns
’

2 . C hr o nic le o f Ciez a dc Leon Pt ar I .

3 . Pa rt II
4 . Ro y al Co mme nt a ries of t he I nca Ga rc ila sso d e la
Vega ’
. 1 8 69 a nd 18 7 1
5 . Re p o rt s o n t he Di v y
sc o er o f P u by
er Xeres a nd

A st et e
6 . R it e s La w s o f t he Inc a s by M o lina
a nd

7 . i
A nt iqu t ie s o f Pe ru
’
, by
t he Ind ia n S a lc a ma yhua
 P R E FAC E Xi

com p a r ed t he ir v a ri o us st a t em ent s o n e a c h p o i nt a s
it a ri se s Wi t ho ut suc h t ho r o ughness a n a ut ho r
.
,

is sc a rc e ly j ust ifi e d in e nt eri ng up o n so d ifii c ult

a nd c o m p li c a t e d a n in quiry .

H a vi ng rea c h e d m y e ight i et h birt hd a y I h a ve ,

a b a n d o ne d t h e id ea o f c o m p le t i ng a d e t a i le d
hist o ry w hic h I o nc e e nt er t a i ne d B ut I h a v e fe lt .

t h a t a se ri e s o f essa ys b a se d up o n m y r esea r c h e s , ,

m ight a t a ll e v ent s be p ub li she d wi t h a dva nt a g e ,

a s t he subj e c t is o ne o f ge ne r a l i nt e r est a lik e ,

fa sc i na t i n g a nd hist o ri c a lly i m p o r t a nt a nd a s t h e ,

result s o f t h e st udi es o f a li fe t i m e ar e likely t o be

o f so m e v a lue In t h e fo rm in w hic h t he e ssa ys a r e
.

pr esent e d it is my h o p e t ha t t h e y wi ll be i nt erest in g
,

t o t h e g e n e r a l r e a d e r w hi le o fi ering use ful m a t e ri a l

,

fo r st udy t o t h e m o r e seri o us h i st o ri c a l s t ud e nt .

8 . v
Na rra t i e o f t h e Id o la t r a nd y
Su e rst it io ns in p
’
h
H ua r o c iri A v ila
A o
,

9 . p
R e o rt o f Po lo d e 0 nd ega rdo o n In c a d mi ms t r a t i n
10 . y
Na t ur a l H ist o r o f t h e Indies ,
’
A co sta by .

11 . V y g
o a es o f Pe d ro S a r m z en to
'

12 . y
H ist o r o f t h e Inc a s by
S a r mz ento ,
’
'

( T he a b v p ub li h d b y
o e s e k y
t h e H a l u t So c ie t y)
S t ill in M S , t ra ns la t io ns o f t h e w o r
. k
s of

1 3 M on tesino s
. .

1 4 T h e A no nymo us J esuit ( las

. B V a le ra ) .

15 . B a lboa .

16 . B eta nz o s .

17 . S a ntz lla na .

18 . M a r tin de M ora n .

b
Co nt r i ut io ns fo r a Q uic hu g a r a mm ar a nd d ic t io na r y
T ra nsla t io n of t he dr a ma of Olla nt a y
R e vi sed Quic hua dic t io na ry
 P R E FAC E

I ha v e a dd ed a s a pp endi c es a t ra nsla t i o n o f
, ,

t h e Inc a dra m a o f Olla nt a y ; a nd a c ur i o us lo v e

st o ry t o ld t o M o r ua by A m a ut a s in a b o ut 1 5 85
, .

It is o n e o f t h e v ery few r em a i ns o f a nc i ent Inc a

fo lklo re.

Th e a c c o m p a nyi ng m a p is used fo r t h e i llust ra

t i o n o f t his w o rk by p e rm i ssi o n o f t h e c o un c i l o f
t h e R o y a l G e o gr a p h i c a l So c i e t y T h e o rigi na l
.

c o m pi la t i o n a nd dra wi ng h a s b een m a d e o n a sc a le

of 1 in fo ur sh e e t s ; but fo r t h e p urp o se
o f p ub li c a t i o n t h e m a p h a s b e en r e duc e d t o a sc a le

of 1 T h e m a p e x t e nd s fr o m 8 t o °

1 8 S a nd fr o m 65 t o 7 4 W t h e a r ea i n c lud ed
° ° °
. .
,

b eing a b o ut sq ua r e m i le s No r egula r
.

surv e y s e xi st o f t h e r e gi o n a s a w h o le n o r a re
,

an
y lik e ly t o be und e r t a k en fo r y e a r s t o c o m e .

C o nse quent ly fo r t h e grea t e r p a rt o f it t he

, ,

m a pping h a s d ep end e d up o n r o ut e t ra v erse s

v a ryi ng c o nsid era b ly in m eri t but fa irly go o d
,

in c a ses wh e r e a st r o no m i c a l o b se rv a t i o ns h a v e
b e en t a k en .

T h e c o m pi la t i o n a nd dra wi ng h a s t a k e n t w o
y e a rs a nd h a s n ec e ssi t a t e d c o m p a ri ng a nd
,

d et e rm i ni ng t he v a lue o f a la rge a m o unt o f

c a r t o gr a p h i c a l m a t e ri a l a n d m a ny o b se rv a t i o ns .

Ab o ut six t y o b se rv e d p o si t i o ns fo r la t i t ud e a nd
t w e nt y fo r lo n gi t ud e h a v e b een a c c e p t e d a nd t h e
,

m a t eri a ls used i nc lud e t hir t y —t w o r ec ent m a p s a n d

 P R E FAC E

rep o r t s . T he map i nc lud es t he o rigi na l la nd

of t heI nc a s t h e , b a si n o f L a k e Ti t ic a c a
a nd ,

t he e a st e rn m o nt a fi a .

I ha v e t o t h a nk t h e G o v e rnm ent o f P e ru a nd
t h e Li m a G e o gr a p hi c a l So c i e t y a s w e ll a s m a ny
,

o t h e r s fo r m uc h v a l ua b le a ssi st a n c e in t h e p ro
,

vi si o n o f m a t eri a ls T he v e ry diffic ult w o rk

.

o f c o m pi la t i o n h a s b een a dm ira b ly d o ne by
Mr R eev es t he a c c o m p li sh e d Ma p Cur a t o r
.
,

o f t he R o ya l G eo gra p hi c a l So c i et y a nd by ,

Mr B a t c helo r t he v ery a b le dra ught sm a n

.
,
.

CLE MENT S R . MA R KH AM .

21 E CCL ES TO N SQ U AR E, S W .

J uly 1 9 10 «
Xv i C ONTE NT S

I LLUS TRATI ONS

P AG
E

B R ID G E OV E R G O RGE O F R IO D E PAM PA S
'

Fron l i p
s z ec e

MO N OLI TH I C DOO RW A Y TIA H UANAC U

,
T o fa e p ge
c a 26
PAR T O F CARVE D B O RD E R TIA H U ANAC U
,

D OO R W A Y
SA C SA H UA M A N F OR T R E S S C U Z C O
,

CH A VI N S T O NE
BR IDG E OV E R THE A P U RI MAC
WALL S O F THE TE M P L E O F TH E SUN Cuz c o,

MA I Z E CON OPA
THE IN T I H UA TANA OF PISSA C
-

H E AD D R E SS OF HIGH P R I E S T
-

G OL D TU P U O R PIN
G O LD B R EA S TP LA TE F R O M CU Z C O
LARG E MO N O LI TH O N CI TA D E L OF OLLA N
TA Y TAM P U
-

U PP E R TE RRAC E ON CI TA D E L OF OLLA N
TA Y TAM P U
-

A N TI S U Y U F O R ES T
-

COLCA M PA T A ,
Cuz c o

MA P O F THE EM PI RE O F THE INCA S ( SO U TH

PE R U AN D NO R TH B O LIVI A ) A t end
 T H E I N C A S OF PE R U

CH A P TER I

T H E T E LLE RS OF T H E ST ORY

B E FOR E ent e ring up o n a c o nt e mp la t i o n of t he

Inc a hist o ry a nd c ivi li sa t i o n a st o ry o f no o r dina ry
,

i nt erest it seem s na t ur a l t o wi sh fo r so me a c quai nt

,

a nc e wi t h t h o se w ho t o ld t h e st o ry It is no t .

i nt end e d t o ent er up o n a full c ri t i c a l ex a mina t i o n

o f t h eir w o rk . T h a t h as b een d o ne elsewhere 1 .

It wi ll suffi c e t o giv e a m o r e p o p ula r a c c o unt o f

t h e t elle rs o f t h e st o ry .

Rud e a nd dest ruc t iv e a s m o st o f t he Sp a nish

c o nquer o r s w er e a nd a s a ll a re g ene r a lly supp o se d
,

t o h a v e b e en t h e r e w e r e so m e w h o sym p a t hi se d
,

wi t h t he c o nquer e d p eo p le wer e fille d wi t h a dmir a

,

t i o n a t t h eir c i v i li sa t i o n a nd t he e x c ellent r esult s

o f t heir rule a nd w e r e c a p a b le o f m a king r ese a r c hes
,

a nd r ec o r ding t h e ir i mpr essi o ns No r w er e t hese .

a ut ho r s c o nfi n e d t o t he le a rne d pr o fessi o ns First .

a nd fo r em o st w er e t h e mi li t a ry wr i t e r s So m e o f .

t h eir w o rk s a re lo st t o us but t he na rra t iv es o f a t

,

lea st fo ur ha v e b een pr eserv e d .

1See t h e N a rra tiv e a nd Critica l H istory o f A merica ( Ne w Yo r k

and B
ost o n, . . h
v o l ii c a p iv p 2 5 9 . . . .
2 C IE Z A DE L E ON

Amo ng t hese P e dr o d e Ci ez a d e L eo n t a k es
t he fir st a nd m ost h o no ur a b le p la c e I m a gi ne
.

a li t t le bo y o f fo ur t een e nt eri ng up o n a so ldi er s

’

li fe in t h e undisc o v er e d wi ld s o f So ut h Am eri c a ,

a nd ,
wi t h o ut fur t her i nst ruc t i o n b ec o ming t h e
,

high est a ut h o ri t y o n Inc a hist o ry It seems.

wo nder ful yet it w a s a t t he e a rly a ge o f fo urt een

,

t h a t Ci e z a d e L eo n em b a rk e d fo r t h e new w o rld .

H e w as b o rn in 15 19 a t t h e t o wn o f L ler e na in ,

E st rem a dur a a b o ut ninet een lea gues ea st o f B a da j o s

, ,

a t t h e fo o t o f t h e Si err a d e Sa n Miguel a M o o ri sh ,

lo o ki ng p lac e surr o und e d by a w a ll wi t h bri c k

t o w er s a nd fi v e gr e a t g a t es
,
It pr o d uc e d sever a l
.

di st i nguish e d m en i nc ludi ng Juan d e P o z o t he

, ,

wa t c hma k er w h o p la c ed t he gira lcla o n t h e t o w er

o f Se vi lle C a t hedr a l A t L ler e na P edr o d e Ci ez a
.

p asse d his c hildho o d but his b o yho o d w a s sc a rc e

,

b egun when he em b a rke d a t Sevi lle ; servi ng

un d e r P e dr o d e H er e di a t h e fo und er a nd first
,

go verno r o f C a rt ha gena o n t he Sp a ni sh M a i n
, .

So o n a ft erw a rd s in 1538 y o ung P e dr o d e Ci e z a

, ,

j o i ne d t he exp edit i o n o f Va di llo up t he va lley o f

t h e C a uc a . A t a n a ge wh en m o st b o ys a re a t
sc h o o l t hi s la d h a d b e en sha ri ng a ll t h e h a rd ship s
,

a nd p eri ls o f sea so ne d v e t er a ns a nd e v e n t h e n
,

h e w a s gi ft e d wi t h p o w ers o f o b serva t i o n fa r
b ey o nd his ye a rs .

Th e c h a r ac t er o f o ur so ldi er c hro ni c ler w a s

d est i ne d t o be fo rme d in a ro ugh a nd sa v a g e
sc h o o l
. It is c er t a i nly m ost r em a rka b le t ha t so
fi ne a c h a ra c t er sho uld ha v e b e en fo rm e d a mid st
 C IE ZA DE L E ON 3

a ll t he ho rr o rs of A meri c a n c o nquest s
t he Sp a nish .

H uma ne genero us full o f no b le sym p a t hies

, , ,

o b serv a nt a nd m et h o di c a l ; he w a s br e d a mi ds t
sc ene s o f c r uelt y pi lla g e a nd w a nt o n d e st r uc t i o n
, , ,

whic h wer e c alc ula t ed t o pr o duc e a far differ ent

c ha r a c t er C o nsidering t he c irc umst anc es in whic h
.

he w as p la c e d fro m ea r ly b o yho o d his b o o k is ,

c ert a i nly a m o st e x t r ao r dina ry as w ell a s a m o st

,

v a lua b le r esult o f his m i li t a ry servi c es a nd

,

resea rc hes H e b ega n t o wri t e a j o ur na l when

.

serving un d e r R o b le d o in t he C a uc a v a lley in 1 5 4 1 .

H e sa y s : A s I no t e d t he m a ny gr ea t a nd st r a ng e
‘

t hing s t h at a re t o be seen in t he new w o rld o f t h e

I ndi es t here c a m e up o n m e a st r o ng desire t o
wri t e a n ac c o unt o f so m e o f t hem as well t h o se,

whic h I ha v e seen wi t h my o w n e y es a s t ho se I
he a rd o f fr o m p er so ns o f g o o d r ep ut e In a no t he r
’
.

p lac e h e sa ys Oft ent i m es wh en t he o t her so ldi ers

w ere sleeping I w as t iri ng m yself in wri t ing
, .

Ne i t her fa t igue no r t he r ugge d ness o f t h e c o unt ry ,

n or t h e m o un t a i ns a nd riv e rs n o r i nt o le r a b le
,

hunge r a nd sufferi ng ha ve ev e r b e en suffic i ent t o

,

o b st ruc t m y t w o dut i es na mely wri t i ng a nd

fo llo wi ng my fl
, ,

a g a nd m
y c a p t a in wi t h o ut fa u lt .
’

Ci ez a d e L eo n m a de hi s w ay by la nd t o Q ui t o ,

a nd t hen t r a v elle d a ll o v e r P eru c o lle c t i ng i nfo rm a

t ion . H e finish e d t he fir st p a rt o f his Chr o nic le

in Sep t em b er 1 55 0 when a t t he a ge o f t hir t y t w o
,
-
.

It is m ai nly a g e o gr a p h i c a l d esc rip t i o n o f t h e

c o unt ry , wit h sa i li ng direc t io ns fo r t h e c o a st ,

a nd a n a c c o unt o f t h e I nc a r o a d s a nd bridg es In .

B 2
4 B E T ANZO S

t he sec o nd p a rt he r evi ewe d t he syst em o f g o vern

m ent o f t h e I nc as wi t h t h e e vent s o f ea c h r eign
, .

H e sp a r e d n o p a i ns t o o b t a i n t h e b est a nd mo st
a ut h ent i c i nfo r m a t i o n a nd in 1 55 0 h e w ent t o ,

Cuz c o t o c o nfer wi t h o ne o f t he surviving In c a s .

H is symp a t h y wi t h t h e c o nquer e d p e o p le a nd ,

g ener o us a ppr ec i a t i o n o f t h eir m a ny g o o d quali t i es ,

give a sp ec i a l c harm t o his narrat ive .

Ci e za d e L eo n st a nds first in t he first ra nk o f

a ut h o ri t i e s o n I nc a c ivi li sa t i o n
l
.

Ano t her so ldier a ut h o r w as J uan d e B et anz o s

-
.

W e fir st hea r o f his b o o k fr o m Fri a r Gre g o ri o d e

G a rc i a w ho wr o t e his Origen d e los Ind ie s in
,

1607 H e a nno un c e d t ha t he p o ssesse d t he m a nu

.

sc rip t o f B et a nz o s a nd h e m a d e gr ea t use o f it
, ,

c o pyi ng t h e fir st t w o c h a p t er s wh o lesa le T he .

i nc o mp let e m a nusc rip t in t he E sc uri a l o f whi c h ,

Pr esc o t t h a d a c o py o nly c o nt a ins t he eight een ,

first c h a p t ers a nd p ar t o f a no t her It w as e di t e d .

1 fi t p
T he rs a rt is quo t ed t irt h y t imes, o ft ene r t h a n a ny o t h er

aut h o it y b y t h
r , e Inc a G a rc il a sso . He co p i s lo ng
e a nd im po r t a nt

p g a ssa Th fi
es . e rst p a rt w as pub li h ed
s in 15 5 4 .

Presc o t t quo t es Ciez a o ft e ner t a n a ny h ot h er a ut h o rit y e xc e pt

G a rc il asso G areila sso 89 , Ciez a 4 5 t im e s .

T he sec o nd p a rt h as a c ur io us hi t ys or . T he M S . narr a t i e, v
w ich hP resc o t t r eferr ed Sa rmient o , is in re a lit t h e sec o nd
to as
’
y
p h
a rt o f t h e C r o nic le o f Ciez a d e Le o n It w as a d d resse d t o Jua n .

h
S a rm ie nt o , t e n Presid ent o f t h e Co unc il o f t he Ind ies, a nd Pre sc o t t
h
a s sume d t a t h e w a s t h e a ut o r h
T he MS w as reser ed in t h e . . p v
Esc ur ia l, a nd a co py w as sent t o Presc o t t . T he t e xt w a s p rinte d

by Dr G o nz a lez d e la R os a in 187 3, a nd
. J imenez d e la Es a d a by p
a t M a drid in 1 880 Englis e dit io ns o f t h e rs t
. h
ar t in 18 64 , fi p
a nd t h e sec o nd p
a r t in 1 8 8 3, w ere t ra nsla t ed a nd e d it ed Sir by
kh
Cle ment s M a r a m fo r t he H a lu t So c ie t k y y .
 B ETA NZ O S 5

a nd pri nt e d in 1880 by Jim ene z d e la E spa da .

The c o mp let e manusc rip t whi c h b elo nge d t o G a r c i a

ha s no t b een fo und J uan d e B et a nz o s w a s
.

pro b a b ly fro m G a li c i a a nd c a m e t o P eru wi t h

,

H erna nd o Piz a rr o H e b ec a me a c i t iz en o f Cuz c o

.
,

a nd ma rri ed a d a ught er o f t h e Inc a At a hua lp a .

B et a nz o s t o o k gr ea t p ai ns t o learn t he Q uic hua

la ngua g e a nd w a s em p lo ye d t o ne go t i a t e wi t h t he
,

Inc a s in Vilc ap amp a H e w as a pp o int e d o ffi c i a l

.

i nt erpr et er t o t he Audienc i a a nd t o suc c essiv e

Vi c er o ys H is pri nc ip a l wo rk ent i t le d Sum a y na r
.
,

ra c i o n d e lo s Inc a s w a s c o mp o se d by o rder o f t he
,
’

Vi c er o y Do n Ant o ni o d e Mendo z a a nd w a s fini she d

, ,

in 155 1 but w a s no t p ub li sh e d o wing t o t h e

,

Vi c er o y s dea t h H e a lso wr o t e a D o c t rina a nd

’
.
,
’

t w o v o c a b ula ri es whi c h are lo st T he d a t e o f t h e .

dea t h o f B et a nz o s is un kno wn but he c ert a i nly ,

liv e d t went y y e a rs a ft er he w r o t e t he Sum a y

na rrac io n . B et a nz o s w a s i m b ue d wi t h t he spiri t
’

o f t h e na t iv es a nd he h as p o r t r a y e d na t iv e fe eli ng
,

a nd c h a r a c t er a s no o t her Sp a nia rd c o uld ha v e d o n e .

H e giv es a n ex c ellent a nd a lm o st dra m a t i c a c c o unt

o f t he C ha nc a w ar wi t h t h e I nc as a nd his V e r si o ns ,

o f t h e e a r ly m yt hs a re i mp o r t a nt H e ra nk s nex t .

t o Ci e z a d e L eo n a s a n a ut h o ri t y .

Sa rmi ent o a mili t a nt sa i lo r is t he highe st

, ,

a ut ho ri t y as r eg a rd s t h e hi st o ri c a l e v ent s o f t h e

Inc a p eri o d t ho ugh his w o rk h a s o nly quit e r ec ent ly

,

b een bro ught t o light The b eaut i ful m anusc rip t

.
,

illust ra t e d wi t h c o a t s o f a rms fo un d it s w a y i nt o ,

t he libr a ry o f Gro no v ius a nd w as b o ught fo r t he ,

6 S AR MI ENT O

Univ ersi t y of G o t t inge n in 17 85 It rem a i ned .

in t he univ er si t y libr a ry unno t i c ed fo r 1 2 0 , ,

yea rs B ut in Augus t 19 06 t he lea rne d libra ri a n

.
, , ,

D r Pie t sc hm a nn p ub lishe d t he t ex t at B erli n

.
, ,

c a r e fully e di t e d a nd a nno t a t e d a nd wi t h a v a lua b le

i nt r o duc t i o n 1
.

P e dr o Sa rmient o d e G am b o a w a s a seama n o f
so m e di st i nc t i o n a nd w a s a le a d e r in M a nd a na s
’

v o y ge t o t he So lo mo n Islands H e a c c o mp a ni e d
a 9
.

t he Vi c e ro y T o le d o a nd w a s e mp lo y e d by t h a t
,

st a t esm a n t o wri t e a h i st o ry o f t h e I nc a s It is .

wi t ho ut d o ub t t he mo st a ut hent i c a nd reli a b le
w e p o sse ss a s r eg a rd s t h e c o ur se o f e v ent s
,
Fo r .

it w a s c o mpi le d fr o m t he c a r efully a t t est e d evidenc e

o f t he Inc a s t h em selv es w h o w e r e o ffi c i a lly e x a mine d
,

o n o at h , so t h a t Sa r mi ent o h a d t h e m e a ns o f

o b t a i ni ng a c c ur a t e i nfo r ma t i o n w hi c h no o t he r

wri t er p o ssessed T he c ha p t ers w ere a ft erwa rds

.

r ea d o ver t o t he fo rt y t w o I nc as w ho ga v e evidenc e
-
,

in t heir o w n langua g e a nd r ec eiv e d t heir fi na l ,

c o rr ec t i o ns . The hi st o ry w as fin i she d a nd sent t o

Sp a i n in 15 7 2 .

P e dr o Piz a rro w ho w a s a c o usi n o f t he c o n

,

q u er o r, w e nt t o P e r u a s his p a g e w h e n o nly fi ft e en .

H e e v ent ua lly r et ir e d t o Ar equip a w her e he ,

wr o t e his R ela c i o nes fini she d in 157 1 Pr esc o t t,

’
.

1 It w as t ra nsla t e d int o En lis g h by

Sir Clem ent s Ma r a m fo r kh
k y
t he H a l u t So c ie t in 19 0 7 y .

v
2 Fo r a n a c c o un t o f t he a d e nt uro us life o f Sa rmie nt o see t he

int ro d uc t io n t o his o a es v y g by
Sir Cle me nt s Ma r a m ( H a lu t kh k y
y
So c ie t ,
8 AC O S TA

d e So lo rz a no dige st e d t he num er o us la ws in t he
P o li t i c a India na , a nd t he pro lific legi sla t i o n o f
’

t he Vi c er o y T o led o is e m b o die d in t he Ordena nz as

d el P eru p ub li sh e d a t Li m a in 1683 A ll t h e
’
, .

la wyers w h o st udi e d t he subj ec t expr ess t h eir

a dm ir a t i o n o f t h e g o v e r nm ent o f t h e Inc a s .

Th e ge o gra p h er s w ere t h e lo c a l o ffi c i a ls w ho w er e

o rd e r e d t o dr a w up t o p o gr a p h i c a l r ep o r t s o n t h e ir

se v e ra l pr o vi nc e s . M o st o f t hese r ep o rt s were
wri t t en b et w een 15 7 0 a nd 15 9 0 a nd t h ey na t ura lly
,

va ry v ery m uc h in v a lue The R e la c i o nes G eo

.

r a fi c a s d e I n di as ( P e r u) w e r e p ub li sh e d a t M a drid
g
in fo ur la rg e v o lum es b et w een 1 881 a nd 1 89 7
, .

T h e pri est s w er e t h e mo st di lig ent i nquir ers

r esp ec t i ng t he nat iv e r eligi o n ri t e s a nd c er em o nies
,
.

T h e fir st pri est w h o c a m e wi t h Piz a rro w a s t h e

D o minic a n fri a r Vi c e nt e d e Va lv erde H e wro t e
, .

a C a r t a R ela c i o n o n t he a ffa irs o f P eru a nd so m e ,

let t ers t o C h a rles V c o nt a i ni ng o rigi na l i nfo rm a

,

t i o n but h e left t h e c o unt ry in 1 5 41 a nd w a s

, ,

t h e r e t o o Sh o rt a t i m e fo r his wri t i ng s t o be o f
m uc h v a lue .T h e b est k no wn c leri c a l a ut h o r o n
P eru w a s t he J esuit J o sef d e Ac o st a w ho w a s ,

b o rn a t M edi na d el Ca mp o in 1540 a nd w a s in ,

P eru fr o m 15 7 0 t o 1586 t r a velling o ver a ll p a r t s

,

o f t h e c o unt ry . H e t hen w ent t o M exi c o a nd ,

di e d a t Sa la m a nc a in 1 600 H is grea t w o rk . ,

Hi st o ri a Na t ur a l d e la s I ndi a s in it s c o mp let e
,
’

fo r m w a s first p ub li sh e d a t Sevi lle in 15 90

,
H ak .

luy t a nd P ur c h a s g a v e e x t ra c t s fr o m it a nd t h e ,

w ho le w o rk w a s t ra nslat ed i nt o E ngli sh in 1604

 M OL I NA— BA L B O A 9

by E dwa rd Gri mst o n It w a s muc h use d by .

sub se quent wri t e r s T he Inc a G arc ilasso quo t es

.

it t w ent y seven t i m es a nd Pr esc o t t ninet een t i m e s

-
,
.

Ac ost a s wo rk wi ll a lwa ys be v a lua b le but h e w a s

’

sup erfi c i a l a nd a n i ndi ffe r ent Q uic hua sc ho la r .

H e is sup erse d e d in sev e r a l br a nc h es o f his subj e c t

by wri t ers who se wo rks ha ve b ec o m e kno wn in
r ec e nt y ea rs .

Am o ng t hese t he m o st i mp o rt a nt is Cri st o v a l
d e M o li na pri e st o f t he h o spi t a l fo r n a t iv e s a t
,

Cuz c o w ho wr o t e a R ep o rt o n t h e F a b les a nd
,
‘

Ri t e s o f t he Inc as a ddresse d t o t h e B isho p A rt a un ,

1 5 7 0 84
—
Mo li na h a d p ec uli a r o pp o rt uni t i es fo r
.

c o llec t i ng a c c ur a t e i nfo r m a t i o n H e w a s a m a st er
.

o f t he Q uic hua la ngua g e he ex a mine d nat ive ,

c h i e fs a nd lea r ne d m en w h o c o uld r em em b e r t he

Inc a E m pir e in t he d a ys o f it s pr o sp eri t y a nd his ,

p o si t i o n a t t he h o spi t a l a t Cuz c o g a v e him a n

i nt i ma t e a c qua i nt a nc e wi t h t he na t iv e c h a ra c t er .

Mo li na giv es v ery i nt er est i ng a c c o unt s o f t h e

p eri o di c a l fest iva ls a nd t he r eligi o n a nd t w elv e ,

pra yers in t he o rigina l Q uic hua Very i nt i m a t e ly .

c o nne c t e d wi t h t h e w o rk o f M o li na is t h a t o f Mig ue l

Ca v ello B a lb o a w ho wr o t e a t Q ui t o b e t w een
,

15 7 6 a nd 1 5 86 In t he o p eni ng a ddr ess o f M o li na

.

t o t h e Bi sho p h e m ent i o ns a pr evi o us a c c o un t

whi c h he ha d sub mit t e d o n t he o rigin hist o ry , ,

a nd g o vernment o f t he Inc a s Thi s a c c o unt .

a pp e a r s t o h a v e b een pr o c ur e d a nd a ppr o pri a t e d

by B a lb o a w h o t ells us t hat his hist o ry is b a sed

,

o n t h e lea r ne d wri t i ng s o f Cri st o v a l d e M o li n a .

10 M O RUA— A RR I A G A— AVI LA

Miguel Ca v ello B alb o a w as a so ldi er w ho t o o k

o rd er s la t e in li fe a nd w ent o ut t o P er u in 1 5 66 .

H e set t le d a t Q ui t o a nd d ev o t e d him se lf t o t h e
pr ep a ra t i o n o f his wo rk ent it le d Misc ellanea
Aust ra l H e is t he o nly a ut ho rit y w h o gives a ny
.
’

t r a dit i o n r esp ec t i ng t he o rigi n o f t h e c o a st p eo p le ;

a nd h e supp li es a n ex c ellent na rr a t iv e o f t h e w ar

b et ween H uasc a r a nd At a hualp a i nc luding t he ,

lo v e epi so de o f Quilac u 1 .

The hist o ry o f t h e I nc as by Fri a r M a r t in d e

M o rua is st ill in m a nusc rip t M o rua h a d st ud i e d .

t he Q uic hua la ngua g e H is w o rk fi ni she d in 1 5 9 0

.
, ,

is full o f va lua ble in fo rm a t i o n A c o py o f t he .

ma nusc rip t w a s o b t a ine d by D r Go nz a le z d e la .

R o sa fr o m t he L o yo la a rc hiv e s in 19 09 .

So me o f t h e Jesui t s w ere enga ge d in t he w o rk o f

e x t irp a t i ng id o la t ry Their r ep o rt s t hr o w light o n
.

t he leg ends a nd sup er st i t i o ns o f t h e p e o p le o n a nd

ne a r t h e c o a st T hese a re c o nt a i ne d in t he v ery
.

r a re wo rk o f Arri a g a a nd in t h e r ep o r t o f

Avi la o n t he leg ends a nd myt hs o f H ua r o c hiri .

The w o rk o f a no t her J esui t na m e d L ui s d e T er uel ,

w h o wr o t e a n ac c o unt o f his la b o ur s fo r t h e ext ir

a t io n o f id o la t ry is lo st w ll t h t f H
p ,a s e a s a o,
e r

n a nd o A v end a fio so me o f w hose ser m o ns in Q ui c h ua

,

ha v e b een pr eserve d Fr ay Alo nz o R a mo s G a vi la n

.
,

in his Hi st o ry o f t h e C hurc h o f C o p a c a b a na
t hr o ws light o n t he m o v em e nt s o f t h e mit ima es o r
c o lo ni st s in t he C o lla o a nd giv es so m e ne w d et a i ls
,

r esp ec t i ng t he c o nsec ra t ed V irgi ns t he sa c rific es , ,

l T he o ri g ina l Sp a nis h t e xt of B lb o
a a is un kno w n. We y
o nl

h v
a e a Frenc h t ra nsla t io n, by T e rna ux Co m p a ns, p ub li hed in 184 0
s .
 CALAN CHA— M ONTE S I NOS 11

a nd t hedei t i es w o rshipp e d o n t he sho r es o f la ke

Ti t i c a c a The Co ro nic a M o r aliz a d a by An t o ni o d e
.
,
’

la C a la nc ha ( 1 638 is a v o lumino us r ec o rd o f
t he Ord e r o f St Aug ust i ne in P er u
. T her e is a .

g o o d dea l t ha t is i nt erest ing a nd i mp o rt a nt

sc a t t er e d a m o ng t h e st o ri es o f m a r t yrd o m s a nd

mira c les o f t he August ine fri ar s C a lanc ha giv es .

ma ny det a i ls r esp e c t i ng t he m a nner s a nd c ust o ms

o f t he Indi ans a nd t he t o p o gr a p h y o f t h e c o unt ry
, .

H e is t he o nly wr i t e r w ho has giv en a ny a c c o unt

o f t he r eligi o n o f t he C hi mu H e a lso giv es t h e
.

mo st a c c ur a t e v e rsi o n o f t he Inc a c alenda r T he .

c hr o nic le o f t he Fr a nc i sc a ns by D i eg o d e C o rd o va y

Sa li nas p ub li sh e d a t M a dr id in 1 643 is o f less v a lue

, ,
.

F ern ando M o nt esino s b o rn a t Cuenc a w a s in

, ,

ho ly o rde rs a nd a li c ent i at e in c a no n la w He .

a pp ea r s t o h a v e g o ne t o P e ru in 1 62 9 in t h e ,

t ra i n o f t h e Vi c er o y C o unt o f C hi nc h o n Aft e r .

filli ng so m e a pp o int m ent s he g a ve himself up ,

e nt ir ely t o hist o ri c a l r e se a r c h es a nd mini ng s ec u

p
la t io ns t r a v e lli ng o v er a ll p a rt s o f P eru In
, .

1 639 h e c a m e t o liv e a t Li m a a nd h e w a s e mp lo y e d
,

t o wri t e a n a c c o unt o f t he Aut o d e Fé in t ha t

y ea r H e a lso p ub li sh e d a b o o k o n t he w o rkings
.

o f me t a ls T he la st d a t e whi c h sho w s M o nt esi no s

.

t o ha v e b een in P e r u is 1 642 Aft er his r et urn.

t o Sp a i n h e b ec a me c ur a o f a V i lla g e ne a r Se vi lle ,

a nd in 1 644 h e sub mit t e d a m em o ri a l t o t h e King

aski ng fo r so m e dignit y a s a r ew a rd fo r his servi c es 1

.

M o nt esino s wr o t e Op hir d e Esp afia M em o ri a s ,

Hi st o ri ales y P o li t i c a s d el P eru Th e lo ng list o f .

’

T h m m i l i in t h B it i h Mu um
1 e e or a s e r s se .
 12 B LAS VA LER A

Ki ngs o f Pe ru given by Mo nt esino s did no t o rigi na t e

w i t h him but w a s d ue t o e a r li er wri t er s lo ng
,

b efo re his t i me H e h o wev er c o llec t e d so me

.
, ,

i nt erest ing t ra di t i o ns but his a b surd c o nt ent i o n

,

t ha t P e ru w a s p eo p le d by Ar menians under t he
lea der ship o f No a h s grea t gr a nd so n Op hir d est r o ys
’
-

a ll c o nfi d enc e in his st a t em ent s .

The w o rk o f M o nt esi no s w a s fo un d by M uno z

in t he c o nv ent o f Sa n J o sé a t Sevi ll e Muno z .

g o t p o sse ssi o n o f t h e m a n usc rip t s a n d T ern a ux ,

C o mpa ns o b t a i ned a c o py o f whi c h he p ub li sh e d ,

a Fr enc h t r a nsla t i o n in 1 840 T he m a nusc rip t s .

we re bro ught t o Ma drid a nd Ji mene z d e la E sp a d a ,

p ub li she d t he sec o nd b o o k c o nt a i ning t he lo ng ,

li st o f P e r uvi a n Ki ngs in 1882 , .

By fa r t he grea t est o f t he c leri c al a ut ho rs w ho

wr o t e o n Inc a c ivi lisa t i o n ha d t he a dva nt a ge o f
b ei ng a m e st iz o B la s Valera w a s t he so n o f
.

Lius d e Va lera a so ldier o f t he c o nquest by a

, ,

P eruvi a n la dy o f t he c o ur t o f At ahualp a a nd ,

w a s b o rn a t C ha c ha p o ya s in a b o ut 1 5 4 0 He .

w a s br o ught up a t Ca xa m a rc a a nd a ft erw a rd s a t ,

Tr uxi llo unt i l his t went i et h y ea r A t Tr uxi llo

, .

h e lea rnt L a t i n w hi le Q ui c hua w a s his n a t ive

,

t o ngue . H e t o o k o rd ers a t t he a ge o f t went y eight -

,

a nd b ec a m e a J e sui t In 157 1 he w a s sent t o

.

C uz c o a s a c a t ec hi st a nd w a s t here for a t lea st

,

t e n y ea rs H e t he n w ent t o J uli a nd La Pa z
.
,

a nd la t e r w as a t Q ui t o a nd in t he no r t h ern p a r t s

o f P er u . In a b o ut 1 59 4 h e e mb a rke d a t C a llao
fo r Ca diz .H e w a s in t hat c i t y w hen it w a s t a k en
 B L A S VA L E R A 13

by t he E nglish und er t h e E a rl of
in 15 9 6 E ssex .

But t h e J esuit s w er e a llo w e d t o dep a r t wi t h t he ir

p ap ers B la s Va lera di e d so o n a ft erwa rds
. .

B las Va lera h a d qualific a t i o ns a nd a dva nt a ges

p o ssesse d by no o t her wri t er The Inc a Garc ilasso
.

knew Q uic hua , but he w as a c hild a nd o nly t went y ,

when he w ent t o Sp a in It w as a ft er a n i nt erva l

.

o f fo r t y y e a r s t ha t h e t h o ugh t o f wri t i ng a b o ut

his na t ive c o unt ry B las Va lera like Garc ila sso ,

.
,

w as h alf a P er uvi a n, a nd Q uic hua w as his na t iv e

la ngua ge .B ut unlik e Ga rc ila sso , i nst ea d o f g o i ng “

t o Sp a i n when h e w a s t w ent y h e w o rk e d fo r ,

P eru a nd it s p eo p le fo r t hirt y yea rs, d evo t i ng

him self t o a st udy o f t he hi st o ry , li t er a t ur e , a nd
a nc i ent c ust o m s o f his c o un t ry m e n, r ec e ivi ng t h eir

r ec o rds a nd legends fr o m t he o lder A ma uta s a nd

.

Q pu i u c a ma
yo c s w h o c o uld r em em b e r t h e I nc a

rule, a nd t heir li st s o f ki ngs H is p er fec t m a st ery

.

o f t h e la ngua g e e na b le d him t o d o t hi s wi t h a

t h o r o ughness whi c h no Sp a nia rd c o uld a ppr o a c h .

B las Va lera br o ught his wri t i ngs wi t h him t o

Sp a i n, d o ub t less wit h a V i e w t o p ub li c a t i o n He .

h a d wri t t en a Hi st o ri a d el P e ru in L a t i n wh i c h ,

a ft e r his d ea t h, w as giv en t o t h e I nc a G a rc ilasso ,

w ho m a d e v ery e xt ensiv e use o it f 1

Ac c o rdi ng t o
.

t he bib li o gr ap h ers, Ant o nio a nd L e o n Pi ne lo ,

a no t h e r w o rk by B las V a le r a w a s De lo s I ndi o s
d el P eru sus c o st um br es y p a c ifi c a c mn
’

,
It w a s .

lo st . But in 1 87 9 Ji m ene z d e la E sp a d a fo und

a m o st v a lua b le m a nusc rip t o n t h e sa m e subj e c t

1 h hf
See his life , w ic o rms t he subj ec t o f a no t h er c h a p ter, p . 2 60 .
14 B LA S VA L ER A— C O B O S

wi t ho ut t he na me o f t he a ut ho r H e p ub li shed .

it un der t he na m e o f t he Ano ny mo us J esui t

’
.

D r G o nz alez d e la R o sa h as bro ught fo rwa rd

.

a rgum ent s whi c h a pp ea r t o be quit e c o nc lusiv e

, ,

and w hi c h a re giv en in a no t her p la c e t ha t t h e ,

a no nym o us J esui t w a s no o t h er t ha n B las Va ler a .

Ano t her wo rk o f t he lea rne d m est iz o a lso lo st w a s , ,

e nt i t le d V o c a b ula ri o H ist o ric o d el P eru It w a s ’

.

bro ught fro m Ca diz t o t he c o llege o f La Pa z in

1 604 by t he Pr o c ura d o r o f t he J esuit s na m e d
, ,

D i ego T o rr es Va sque z It w as t hi s w o rk t ha t
.

c o nt a i ne d t he lo ng li st s o f ki ng s T hi s is c le a r .

fr o m t he st a t em ent o f F a t her An ello Oliv a in his

hi st o ry o f dist i nguish e d m en o f t h e C o mp a ny o f
J esus wri t t en in 1 631 Oliva ha d seen t he Vo c a bu
1
,
.

la ri o H ist o rico d el P eru a nd lea rnt fro m it t he

’

grea t a nt iqui t y o f t he P eruvi a n ki ngdo m M o nt e .

si no s no d o ub t c o pi e d his li st fr o m t h e Vo c a bu
‘

la ri o whi c h w a s t h en a t La Pa z The pr ema t ur e

’
.
,

dea t h o f B la s V alera a nd t he di sp o sa l o f his v a lua b le

,

ma nusc rip t s is t h e mo st d ep lo r a b le lo ss t h a t t h e
,

hi st o ry o f I nc a c ivi li sat i o n h a s sust a i ne d .

The w o rk o f a m o r e r e c ent a ut ho r h a s c o m e
t o ligh t t hr o ugh t h e diligenc e o f Ji m ene z d e la
E sp a da T hi s is t he hi st o ry o f t he New Wo rld
.

by F a t her B ernab e C o b o s in fo ur la rge v o lum es

2
, .

1 H istoria del Peru y Va ro nes Insignes en ea ntid a d d e la Co mp a nia

d e J esus p or c l Pa d re A n ello Oliva d e la misma c o mp a nia Pu lis e d . b h
by fl V
Se o r a re la , a t Lima .

2Printe d at v
Se ille in 19 0 0 by
t h e S o c ieda d d e B iblio/ilo s A nd a luces
a nd ed it e d by J
Do n M a rc o s im e ne z d e la Es a d a p .
 16 SA LCA M A YH UA

B la s Va lera a nd t he Inc a Garc ilasso are t h e t w o

m est iz o a ut ho rs T he la t t er is so i mp o r t a nt a p erso n
.

a e t h a t a sep a r a t e e ssa y is d e v o t e d t o his bi o gr a p hy

g .

G o ma ra a nd H err era w ere never in t he c o un t ry ,

a nd wri t er s livi ng a ft e r t h e end o f t he se v e nt e ent h

c ent ur y h a v e no c la i m t o be lo o k e d up o n a s o rigi na l

a ut h o ri t i es.

T h ere were t w o p ur e b lo o ded Indi a ns who se

-

wri t i ngs a re o f v ery grea t va lue The fir st w a s

.

a c hi e f livi ng ne a r t h e b o rd e rs o f C o lla hua , so ut h

o f C uz c o ,
c a lli ng h i m self J ua n d e Sa nt a Cr uz

Pa c h ac ut i Ya mqui Sa lc a m ayhua w h o w r o t e his

,

ac c o unt o f t h e a nt iquit i e s o f P er u in a b o ut 1 62 0 .

I fo und t he m a nusc rip t in t he Na t i o na l Libr a ry

at M a drid a nd t he H a kluyt So c i et y p ub li shed
,

my t r ansla t i o n in 1 87 3 Th e Sp a ni sh t ex t w as
.

a ft erw a rd s e di t e d a nd p ub li she d by Ji m ene z d e la

E sp a da It gives t he t ra dit i o ns o f t he Inc a s

.
,

as t h ey w e r e h a n d e d d o wn by t he gr a nd c hi ldr e n

o f t h o se w h o w er e livi ng a t t h e t i m e o f t he Sp a ni sh

c o n quest t o t heir gr a nd c h i ldr en . T hey a re ent i t le d

t o a c e r t a i n a ut ho ri t y a nd Sa lc a m ayhua giv es
,

t hree Q ui c hua pr a y ers t o t h e Supr eme B ei ng

whi c h are o f ex t ra o rdi na ry i nt er est .

T h e w o rk o f t he se c o nd I ndi a n a ut h o r is qui t e
a r ec ent disc o v ery . It w a s fo und by D r Pi e t sc h
.

m a nn t h e libr a ri a n o f t h e Universi t y o f G Ot t ing en

, ,

in t h e R o y a l Libra ry a t C o p enh a g en in 1 9 08 .

T h e t i t le is Nuev a Co ro nic a y B uen G o bierno

’

d e Do n F e lip e H ua m a n P o ma d e Aya la ; a v e ry
t hi c k qua r t o o f 117 9 p a g es wi t h num er o us c lev er
,
 H UAMA N P O MA DE A YA LA I7

p e n-
a n d -
ink ket c hes a lmo st o ne fo r ev ery p a g e
s ,
.

There is a p a rt i c ula r a c c o unt o f t he a ut h o r s ’

a nc est ry for no t o nly did he d esc e nd fr o m Ya rr o

,

vi lc a L o rd o f Hua nuc o but his mo t her w a s a

, ,

da ught er o f t he great Inc a T up ac Yup a nqui .

H is fa t he r sa v ed t he li fe o f a Sp a ni a rd na me d
Aya la a t t he b at t le o f Hua ri na a nd ever a ft er ,

wa rds a d o p t ed t ha t na me a ft er his o w n H is .

so n, t he a ut ho r did t he sam e
,
The w o rk Op ens
.

wi t h a let t er fro m t he fa t her M a rt i n Huam a n ,

Ma llqui d e Aya la t o Philip II r ec o mm

,
e nding his
,

so n s b o o k t o t he r o ya l no t i c e T he a ut ho r
’
.

himself H uama n P o ma d e Ay a la w as c hi ef o f
, ,

Luc ana s .

The w o rk c o mmenc es wi t h a hi st o ry o f t he
c r e a t i o n t he d elug e d o wn t o St P et e r s p r esent a
’
.
, ,

t i o n o f t he k eys t o t he P o p e a b o ut fift y six p a g es

,
-
,

wi t h exc ellent p en a nd ink sket c hes t o i llust ra t e

- -

t he e v ent s T hen fo llo w no t i c es o f t he e arli est

.

t r a dit i o ns a b o ut P e ruvi a n hist o ry a nd t he a rriv a l ,

o f St . B art ho lo mew T he p o rt ra i t s o f t he t w elve

.

Inc a s a re ea c h acco mp ani ed by a p a ge o f d esc rip

t io n
. The gr ea t v a lue o f t he p o r t r a i t s c o nsi st s in
t he e xc ellent dr a wi ng s o f dr esses a nd w ea p o ns .

Po rt ra i t s o f t he C co ya s o r Q ueens fo llo w a nd t hen ,

t ho se o f fi ft een fa mo us c ap t a i ns Ab o ut sixt y .

p a ges are dev o t e d t o t he o rdi na nc es a nd la ws wi t h ,

a pi c t ur e o f t he I nc a surr o und e d by his c o unc i llo r s .

E ac h mo nt h o f t he c a lenda r is given i llust ra t e d by ,

pi c t ures in whi c h t he ex ac t sha p es o f a gric ult ur a l

i mp lement s are sho wn amo ng o t her t hings T hen
,
.
18 H U AM AN P O MA D E A YA L A

c o me d et a i ls o f t he H uacas o r ido ls divi na t i o n , ,

fa st s i nt erm ent s a nd v ery gra p hi c r epr esent a t i o ns

, ,

o f t h e p unishment s fo r va ri o us o ffe nc es T here .

is a c h a p t er o n t he Virgins o f t h e Sun wi t h
an i llust ra t i o n a nd sev era l Q uic hua ha rv est
, ,

hun t i ng , d a nc i ng a nd lo v e so ngs H ua m a n
, .

P o m a next d esc rib es t he p a la c es a nd gives a n ,

a c c o un t o f t he o c c up a t i o ns o f t he p eo p le a t
va ri o us a ges .

T hen c o m es t he c o nquest T he a ut ho r gives .

pi c t ures o f At ahua lp a o f Piz a rr o a nd A lrna gro , ,

a nd o f his o w n r ela t i o ns b ei ng r o a st e d a liv e by

Piz a rro Th ere a re a seri es o f p o rt ra i t s o f t he

.

e igh t fir st Vi c er o y s a nd o f t h e la t e r na t iv e c hie fs
,

in Sp a ni sh dr ess Nex t a lo ng seri es o f pi c t ur es

.

o f c i t i es in P e r u nea rly a ll i m a gi na ry a nd li st s o f
, ,

p o st h o uses o r t a mbo s o n t he v a ri o us r o a ds B ut
-
, ,
.

by far t he m o st r ema rk a b le feat ure o f t hi s c hro ni c le

is a n o p en a nd fe a r less a t t a c k o n t he c ruel t yr a nny
o f t h e Sp a ni sh r ule T he c o mbi ne d wri t er a nd
.

a r t i st sp a r es n ei t h e r pri e st no r c o rr e gid o r We .

se e p eo p le b e i ng fl o gge d b ea t en wi t h c lub s a nd
, ,

hung up by t h e h eels T here is a w o ma n st ripp e d

.

na k e d a nd fl o gg e d b ec a use h er t rib ut e w a s t w o

egg s sh o r t sh a m e ful t r e a t m ent o f gir ls is d epi c t e d

, ,

i nhum a n flo gging o f c hildr en fo rc ed m a rri a g es , ,

a nd pri e st s g a m b li ng wi t h c o rr egid o r s .

Th e a ut ho r t ra v elle d a ll o v er P er u in so me
c a p ac i t y i nt erc edi ng fo r a nd t ryi ng t o pro t ec t
, , ,

t he un fo r t un a t e p e o p le H e w a s wri t i ng d uri ng
.

t hir t y y e a r s fr o m 1 5 83 t o 1613
,
H e c o nc lud es wi t h
.
 H UAM AN P O MA DE AY A L A 19

a n a nt c i ip a t i o n o f t he t r ea t m ent o f his b o o k by
t he Chri st i ans o f t he w o rld So m e he t hi nk s
’
.
, ,

wi ll weep o t hers wi ll la ugh o t hers wi ll c ur se

, , ,

o t he r s wi ll c o mm end him t o G o d o t h e rs fr o m r a g e ,

wi ll wa nt t o dest ro y t he b o o k A few wi ll wa nt .

t o ha v e it in t h eir h a nd s
’
.

It is a ddr esse d t o King P hilip II a nd t he ,

a ut ho r h a d t h e t em eri t y t o t a k e it d o wn t o Li m a

fo r t ra nsmissi o n t o Sp a i n H e h o p e d t o be
.

a pp o i nt e d Pr o t ec t o r o f t h e I ndia ns We d o no t .

kno w what b ec a me o f him H o w t he b o o k wi t h .

,

a ll t ho se d a mni ng i llust r a t i o ns e sc a p e d d est r uc t i o n

, ,

a nd h o w it w a s e v e r a llo w e d t o be sent h o m e is a ,

m yst ery ! One w o uld giv e m uc h t o kno w t h e

fa t e o f t he a ut ho r so full o f c o mp a ssi o n fo r his
,

ill fa t e d c o unt rym en di ligent a s a c o llec t o r o f

-
,

i nfo rm a t i o n o f a ll kin ds pro ud o f his a nc est ry

, ,

a gi ft e d a r t i st full o f symp a t h y fea r less in t he

, ,

e xp o sur e o f i nj ust i c e a nd c r uelt y Hua ma n P o m a .

w a s a her o o f w h o m a ny c o unt ry might be pr o ud .

A v ein o f hum o ur runs t hr o ugh his ske t c hes .

T heir esc a p e fr o m dest ruc t i o n is lit t le sho r t o f

mirac ulo us . A t lengt h t hi s m o st i mp o r t a nt w o rk
is in g o o d a nd symp a t h et i c ha nd s a nd wi ll be ,

given t o t he wo rld It is wi t ho ut ex c ep t i o n t he
.
, ,

m o st r em a rk a b le a s w ell as t he mo st i nt er e st i ng
pro duc t i o n o f na t ive g enius t ha t ha s c o me d o wn
t o o ur t i m e .

We ha v e seen t ha t t he st o ry o f t he Inc a s has

b een t o ld by pri est s so ldi ers la wy ers by m est iz o s
, , ,

and b y p ur e b lo o d e d In di a ns Se ei ng t he sa me a c t s
-
.

0 2
20 W E I G H ING OF E V I D ENCE

a nd ev ent s fr o m di fferent p o i nt s o f V i ew hea ri ng

,

t hem fr o m v a ri o us p e o p le bi a se d by pr ej udic e s
,

whi c h t end t o o b sc ur e t he t rut h so me d esiro us o f

,

sec uri ng a c c ur a c y o t h er s t hinki ng m o r e o f pr o vi ng

,

t h eir c a se so m e t r ansp a r ent ly h o nest o t he rs less

, ,

so in v a ri e d d egr e es — it is e vid ent t ha t d is

,

c ri mina t i o n is c a lle d fo r a ft e r c a r e ful st udy T he

.

fo llo wi ng essa ys are t he r esult s o f suc h st udy by

o ne w h o has d e v o t e d m a ny y ea r s o f r e sea rc h t o a

m o st i nt er est i ng a nd fasc i na t i ng st o ry .
 C H AP T ER II

T H E M EG ALIT HI C A GE

T H E R E is a m yst ery
i ll unso lv ed o n t he p lat ea u
st ,

o f L a k e Ti t i c ac a whi c h if st o nes c o uld sp ea k

, , ,

wo uld revea l a st o ry o f t he d eep est i nt er est .

Muc h o f t he diffic ult y in t he so lut i o n o f t hi s

m yst ery is c a use d by t he na t ur e o f t h e r egi o n ,

in t h e pr esent d ay whe r e t he enigm a st i ll

,

d efies exp la nat i o n We must t here fo r e fir st

.
, ,

ac quir e so m e kno wle dge o f t he fac e o f t he

c o unt ry b e fo r e w e ha v e t he quest i o n as it no w ,

st a nd s p la c e d b e fo r e us
,
.

The gr ea t c o r diller a s o f t he And es in la t i t ud e ,

1 4 28 S uni t e a t t h e kno t o f Vi lc a no t a a nd t hen

° ’
.
, ,

sep a r a t e fo r m i ng t h e ea st ern An d es o n o ne Sid e c o n

, ,

t a i ni n g I llim a ni a nd I llamp u ( ex c ep t Ac o nc ag ua a nd
Huasc a ra n t he lo ft i est mea sure d p ea ks o f t he new
,

wo rld) a nd t he m a ri t i me c o rdillera o n t he o t her

, .

B et ween t hem t her e is a n ex t ensiv e and v ery lo ft y

p la t eau , to fe et a b o v e t he sea wi t h ,

t he la k e c a lle d Ti t i c a c a o r Int ic a c a in it s c ent r e

, ,
.

Ti t i c ac a is t he la rg est la ke in So ut h Americ a It .

w a s fo r me rly muc h la rg e r T he surfa c e o f t he

.

21
22 C OLL A O R EGI O N

la k e is feet a b o v e t he sea , t ha t of t he
p la t ea u b eing o n sev er a l hundr e d
, a n a v er a ge ,

feet high e r .

The sur r o unding mo unt a i ns fo rm a r egi o n o f

fr ost a nd sno w T he ha rdy lla m a s a nd a lp ac as
.

liv e a nd br e e d a mid st t h e t uft s o f c o a r se gr a ss

c a lle d gelt u a nd t h e gr a c e ful Vic ufi a s c a n e n d ur e
1
,

t h e rig o r o us c lim a t e a t st i ll highe r e lev a t i o ns .

B esid es t he gra ss t her e is a lo wly shrub c a lle d ,

t o la 2
whi c h c a n be use d a s fir ewo o d Quinua 3
,
.
,

b elo nging t o t he spi na c h fa mi ly c an a lo né be ,

r a i se d a t t he higher eleva t i o ns yi elding a sm a ll ,

gra i n whi c h by i t self is i nsuffi c i ent t o maint a i n

, ,

hum a n life .

Th e p la t e au i t self, d t he C o lla o is by no c a lle ,

m ea ns le v el It is i nt ersec t e d by r a nges o f
.

hi lls o f no gre a t h eigh t a n d in t h e no r t h e rn ,

p a r t t he lo ft y r o c k o f P uc a ra is a m a rk e d
fea t ure Very ha rdy t r ees o f t hr e e ki nds
.
,

t h o ugh st unt e d a re a r eli ef t o t h e la nd sc a p e

, ,

a nd in so me sh elt er e d r a vi nes t h e y e v en fo r m
.

pi c t ur esque gr o v es o v ersha d o w e d by r o c ky h eight s .

T h e t r ee a t t h e highest elev a t i o ns is c a lle d queiiua

t h e t w o o t h er s wi t h g na rle d r o ugh t runk s a n d
,

br anc h es c a lled ccolli a nd quisua r ( Oliva sylvestre

5
,
‘
3

by t he Sp ani a rds fro m a fanc i ed r esemb la nc e o f ,

1 S tip a Ychu
2 B a cc ha ris Inca rum (W e d d ell ) , me nt io ned by Mo lina a nd

Co b o s, p . 4 86 .

3 Cheno p o cl ium Quinua m e nt io ned b y Co b o s, p . 35 0 .

4 Po lylep is ra c emo sa
5 B ud dleia co ria c ea .
6 Budd leia In ca na
24 T H E R U INE D C IT Y

The p o i nt i nt erest t o t he eno rmo us

ne xt in
siz e o f t he st o nes e x c e llenc e o f t he w o rk m a n
is t h e
ship . T he lines a re a c c ur a t ely st r a ight t he a ngles ,

c o rr e c t ly dr a wn t h e surfa c es le v e l
,
Th e upright .

mo no li t h s h a v e mo rt i c e s a nd pr o j ec t i ng ledg es t o
r et a in t h e ho riz o nt al sla b s in t h eir p la c es whic h ,

c o mp let e d t he w a lls T he c a rvi ngs a re c o m

.

p li c a t e d a nd a t t he sa me t i me well a rra nge d a nd

, ,

t h e o rn a m ent a t i o n is a c c ur a t ely d esigne d a nd

e x ec ut e d No t less st riki ng a re t he st a t ue s wi t h
.

h ea ds a d o rne d wi t h c uri o usly Sha p ed hea d dresses -

.

F light s o f st o ne st ep s ha v e rec ent ly b een

di sc o vere d fo r t he a nc i ent c it y no w sev er al mi les
, ,

fr o m t h e la k e w a s o nc e up o n it s b o rd er s
, .

R e marka b le ski ll o n t he p art o f t he ma so ns is

sh o wn by e v ery fra g m ent no w lyi ng a b o ut Suc h .

a re t h e a ng le j o i nt s o f a st o ne c o ndui t
-
a wi nd o w

fr a m e o f c a r eful w o rk manship wi t h ni ne a p ert ures ,

a ll in o ne pi ec e a nd num er o us ni c hes a nd m o uld

i ngs T here is a mp le p ro o f o f t he very a dva nc ed

.

st a g e r e a c h e d by t h e b ui ld er s in a r c hi t ec t ur a l
1
art .

T he r e so me
p a r t i c ulars resp ec t i ng t he
are

r ui ns in Oliva s hi st o ry o f J esui t s in Peru o b t a i ne d

’

fr o m a n I ndi a n na me d C a t a ri a Qa ip uea ma yoc o r , ,

r ea d er o f t he quip us w ho w a s livi ng a t C o c hap a mp a

,

in t he end o f t h e six t eent h c ent ury It a pp e a rs .

t ha t B a r t o lo m é C erv a nt es a c a no n o f Chuq ui sac a

, ,

1 T he b es t a c co unt s o f h
t h e T ia ua na c u ruins a re by
R Inw ard s
.

( T he T emp le of the A nd es, a nd t he Co mt e d e Cro qui Mo nt fo r t ,

l e ad e r of t he M iss io n S c ie nt ifi que Fra nea ise
 T H E M O NO LI T H I C D OO R W A Y 25

g a ve t o Oliva a ma nusc rip t dic t a t ed by C a t a ri .

The r ema rk a b le st a t ement is h er e ma d e t ha t

no j udgment c a n be fo rm e d o f t h e siz e o f t he

rui ne d c it y b ec a use nea rly a ll w as b ui lt

,

undergr o und Pro fesso r Nest ler o f Pra gue ha s

.

pr o c eede d t o Ti ahuana c u wi t h t he o bj ec t o f
m a ki ng r esea rc hes by t he light o f t he ac c o unt
o f Ca t a ri 1
.

The fam o us m o no li t hi c d o o rwa y a t Ti a hua na c u

h as b e en fr ac t ur e d pr o b a b ly b y a n ea r t h qua k e
, .

T he lo wer p a rt ha s no t y et b een e x c a va t e d so ,

t ha t it is no t kno wn w het he r t he t w o sides a re

c o nne c t e d b elo w o r sep a r a t e T he e la b o ra t e c a rv
.

ing o n t he upp er p a rt may p ossib ly ho ld t h e

myst ery In t h e c ent r e t here is a squa r e o f sev en
.

t e en a nd a ha lf i nc hes
- - -
o n whi c h ,
t he pri nc ip a l
figur e is c a rve d T he sp a c e is nearly squa r e
.
,

surr o u n d e d by a b o rd er wi t h bi llet o r na ment s .

T her e a re t w o r o und i nd ent at i o ns fo r eyes a no se , ,

m o ut h a nd t hr e e sma ll ho les o n e a c h c h ec k
, T he .

bi llet o rna m ent s o c c ur a ga i n o n t he sc ep t res a nd

o n t h e b elt Orna ment s i ssue fr o m t h e b o rder
.

ro und t he h ea d c o nsi st i ng o f t went y t w o rib a nds

,
-

e ndi ng in hea d s o r c ir c les In t he c ent r e a t t h e

.
,

t o p t her e is a hum a n hea d o n ei t her S id e t w o

, ,

rib ands a d o rne d wi t h bi llet s and ending in

c ir c les . A t t he a ngles t her e are lo nger rib a nd s
e ndi ng wi t h t he h ea d s o f b east s These sev en .

b a nds inc luding t he hum a n hea d fo rm t he upp er

, ,

p a rt o f t he ra ys r o und t he gre a t er hea d On t he .

1 Info rmat io n fro m Dr G o nz a lez d e la R o sa.

.
26 TH E C ENT RA L F IGURE

sid es t her e is rib a nd ending in a b east s hea d

a
’

a nd t w o r a y s e ndi ng in c ir c les o n e i t he r sid e o f it ,

m a ki ng a t o t a l o f t en b and s o r r a ys o n t h e Sid es o f
t he hea d Unde r t he h ea d t he c ent ra l b a nd e nds
.

wi t h a la rger c ir c le ha ving t w o sma ller o nes o n

,

e i t h e r S id e o f it T hi s m ak es a t o t a l o f t went y
.

t w o rib a nds surr o un di n g t h e h ea d It is no t

.

i mpr o b a b le t h a t t he y m a y be i nt ende d t o rep re

sent r a ys lik e t h o se o f t he sun but t h e ir di ffer enc e s
, ,

a nd a rr a ng em ent a lso p o i nt t o so m e sym b o li c a l

m ea ning .

T hi s c ent ra l figur e furt her has a rib and p assi ng

r o und t he nec k a nd d o wn t o t he b elt o n e i t h er ,

sid e o f t h e br e a st The p a rt s o n t h e br ea st h a v e
.

t hr e e divi si o ns si mi la rly m a rk e d o n e i t h e r Sid e .

On t he upp er o n e t h er e a re fo ur sm all c irc le s o n ,

t he nex t a sm a ll c irc le a nd t w o figur es lik e a V ,

a nd o n t he lo w e r divi si o n t h e r e is a di a m o n d

S h a p e d figur e wi t h a no t h e r wi t hi n it I a m in .

c line d t o t h i nk t ha t t he se c uri o us c a rvi ng s a re

i nt ended t o r epr esent emb lems o f m o nt hs o r

sea so ns . In t h e c ent r e o f t h e br east b et w e en t h e
,

b a nds t her e is a c o nv ent i o na l o rna m ent o f t w o

,

b a nd s endi ng in h ea ds o f birds a nd o v er t hem,

a no t h er sy m b o l o f a m o nt h o r se a so n T he b e lt
.

r o und t h e figur e c o nsi st s o f a b a nd wi t h t hr ee

bi llet s t ermi na t i ng a t ea c h end wi t h a bea st s hea d
,
’
.

T he a r m s i ssue fr o m t he sid es in a c urv e wi t h ,

hum a n h e a d s h a ngi ng fr o m t he e lb o ws Th e .

h a nd s sh o wi ng t hr e e fi nge r s a nd a t hum b gra sp

, ,

sc ep t r es .B elo w t he hand s t he t w o sc ep t res a re

 T H E K N E ELIN G F IGUR E S 27

e x a c t ly t he sa me c o nsi st ing o f t hre e j o i nt s ea c h

, ,

wit h a billet a nd ending in a bird s hea d Ab o v e

,
’
.

t he h a nd s t he sc ep t r es di ffer The o ne o n t h e .

right c o nsi st s o f fi v e j o i nt s wi t h bi llet s a nd t he

a pp e a r a nc e o f a sm a ll bird The o ne o n t he le ft .

is divid e d i nt o t w o endi ng wi t h he a d s o f bird s

, .

B elo w t he b elt t here is a b and whenc e h a ngs ,

a fri ng e o f six hum a n h ea d s The c ent r a l figur e .

t e rmi na t es a t t h e kne es j ust a b o v e a n e la b o r a t e ly

,

c a rv e d o rn a m ent whic h is supp o se d t o h a v e

re pr esent e d a t hro ne It c o nsi st s o f b a nds endi ng
.

in t w elve bird s hea d s and a t t he S i des t h e c o m

’

p o sit i o n t ermi na t es in a la rge b east s hea d wi t h a ’

p ec uli a r o rnament in fr o nt o f t he m o ut h T h er e .

are t hr e e squa r es t h e t w o o ut er o nes h a vi ng i nne r

,

squa r es ,a nd i ssuing fro m t he m a no t h e r squa r e ,

wi t h sho rt b a nds endi ng in a c ir c le a nd i nner

,

c irc le
,
o n e i t h e r sid e .

On e i t h er sid e o f t h e c ent r a l figur e t h er e a re

fo r t y eigh t figur es knee li ng t o it Sixt een wit h t h e
-
,

h e a d s o f bird s a nd t hir t y t w o wi t h hum a n h ea d s -

.

A ll a re wi ng e d a ll ar e c r o wn e d a nd a ll h o ld
, ,

sc e p t r es T he
. bird hea de d w o rshipp ers h a v e
-

sc e p t r es lik e t h e o ne in t h e c ent r a l fi gure s le ft

’

ha nd wh i le t h e sc ep t r es o f t h e hum a n he a d e d
,
-

wo r shipp ers a re t he sa m e as t ho se in t he c ent ra l

fi gure s right ha nd Th e bird he a d e d figure s h a v e
’
-
.

o r na m ent a l b a nd s wi t h t er m i na ls o f fi sh h ea d s a nd ,

t h e h um a n h e a d e d figur e s t hr o ug ho ut h a v e b a nd s
-

e ndi ng in bird s h ea d s
’
.

It is dif fic ult t o a v o id t he c o nc lusi o n t h a t t h e

28 T H E PR O BLEM

r
c ent a l figur e is i nt ende d t o represent t he d ei t y
h a vi ng j uri sdic t i o n o v er a ll hum an b ei ngs o n t he o ne
ha nd a nd o v er t h e a nim al c r ea t i o n o n t h e o t h e r
,
.

B elo w t he r o ws o f w o rshipp ers t her e is a

b ea ut i fully c a rv e d b o rd er c o nsi st ing o f d o ub le
li nes e nding wi t h bird s h ea d s surr o un ding hum a n
’

h e a d s wi t h b o rd er s o f j o i nt s a nd bi lle t s surm o un t e d ,

in o ne by fi v e b a nd s endi ng in c irc les in a no t he r ,

by fo ur fi sh h ea ds in a no t her by an a rm e d huma n
,

figur e .

Ther e is no Sign o f sc ulp t ur e no r o f a ny

"

kno wledge o f pro p o rt i o n in designi ng a hum an

figur e ; but at t he same t i me t her e a re i ndi c a
t i o ns o f v ery r em a rk a b le ski ll a nd t a st e in t h e
m a so nic a rt T h e o rna ment a t i o n is a c c ur a t e ly
.

d esigne d a nd ex ec ut e d a nd t he st yle o f art is,

well a da p t e d fo r symb o li c a l r epr esent a t i o n T he .

t end enc y is t o st r a ight li nes a nd r ec t a ng les no t t o ,

c urv es .

T hi s t hen is t he myst ery A va st c i t y c o n

, , .

t a i ni ng p a la c e t emp le j udg m ent h a ll o r w h a t e ve r

, ,
-
,

fa nc y m a y r ec o nst ruc t a m o ng t h e r ui ns wi t h ,

st a t ue s e la b o r a t ely
, c a rv e d st o nes a nd ma ny ,

t ri ump hs o f t h e m a so ni c a rt w a s b ui lt in a r egi o n
,

wher e c o rn wi ll no t rip en a nd whi c h c o uld no t ,

p o ssib ly supp o r t a d ense p o p ula t i o n It is qui t e .

c ert a in t ha t in t h e t i m e o f t he I nc a s t h e p eo p le
, ,

were a b so lut ely igno ra nt o f t he o rigi n a nd hi st o ry

o f t h ese e di fi c es T h e y w e r e t o t h e m a s t h e y a re
.
,

t o us my st eri o us r ui ns
, The st a t ues ga v e ri se t o
.

a my t h r e ferri ng t o a fo r me r c r ea t i o n by t he d ei t y ,
 TH E N AM E 29

ri sing fro m t he la ke ,
1
of m en a nd w o m en w ho ,
fo r di so b edi enc e w er e , t urne d i nt o st o ne . T hi s
w as t o a c c o unt fo r t he st a t ues . T he na m e of

Ti a hua na c u is m o dern It is sa id t ha t a n Inc a .

2

ha pp ene d t o r e c eiv e a messa ge when vi si t i ng t he

ruins a nd he c o mp a r e d t he ra pi dit y o f t he runne r
,

t o t ha t o f t he swi ft est a ni ma l kno wn t o him Tia ,

hua na c u h e sa id B e sea t e d hua nac u

’

,
a nd ,

t he p la c e ha s sinc e h a d t ha t na m e W h en t h e .

Sp ania rd s a rriv e d t he r uins w er e v ery m uc h in

t he same st at e as t hey are no w T he J esuit .

Ac o st a w ho t o o k measur ement s o f t he st o nes

“

, ,

sp ea k s o f t h em a s r ui ns o f V e ry a nc i ent b u ildi ng s .

Ci e z a d e L eo n ment i o ns t w o gigant ic st a t ues

whic h w er e muc h we at here d a nd sho we d m a rks
o f gr e a t a nt iquit y An o ld sc h o o lfello w o f G a r c i
.

lasso in wri t i ng t o him d esc rib e d t he r ui ns a s

, ,

very a nc i ent .

The buil de rs ma y b est be d esc rib e d a s a m ega

li t hic p eo p le in a m ega li t hi c age a n a ge wh en ,

c y c lo p ea n st o nes w er e t r a nsp o r t e d a nd c y c lo p ea n ,

e difi c es r a i se d .

The gr e a t a nt iqui t y is sho wn by t he m a so nry

a nd symb o lic a l c a rvi ng but t hi s is no t t he o nly ,

p ro o f t hat An dea n c ivi lisa t i o n d a t es b ac k i nt o a fa r

1 T hi T it i
s m y t h i m ly f In
c aca igin inv nt d t
s ere o ca or , e e o

a c c o unt fo r t h e ru vario us w a ys b y Garcil ass

ins. It is t o ld , in , o

d e la V e g a Ciez d e Leo n Mo lin

, a Beta n o s Salc a m yhua nd
, a, z , a , a

S rmi nt o
a e It i no t m nt io ned b y A c o st a B lb o
. s e o r M o nt e ino s , a a, s .

2 Ca t a i
quo t ed b y Oliv a sa y s t h t t h e nc ient n me w s
r , , a a a a

Ch uc ara . Se e Les D eux T iahua na cu by D r. M G o nz a lez d e la R o sa ,

.

p 4 06
. .
30 EVI D E NC E OF AN T IQUIT Y

di st a nt p ast The a dva nc es ma de by t he Andea n

.

p eo p le in a gri c ult ur e a nd in t he d o m est i c at i o n

o f a ni m a ls must h a v e b e en pr o c eeding fro m a

very rem o t e p eri o d Ma iz e h a d b een bro ught

.

t o a high st a t e o f c ult iv a t i o n a nd t his m ust h a v e

,

b een t he r esult o f c a reful a nd sy st em a t i c la b o ur

dur i ng m a ny c ent uri es Th e c ult iva t i o n must
.

h av e b een c o mm enc e d a t so r emo t e a t i m e t h a t

it is no t e v en c er t a in ly kno wn fr o m wh a t wi ld
p la nt t h e o rigina l m a iz e w as d erive d The wi ld .

p o t a t o ho wever is kno wn It is a sm a ll t ub er
, , .
,

a b o ut t h e siz e o f a fi lber t whi c h ha s sc a rc ely

,

i nc r ease d in siz e a ft er a c ent ury o f c a r eful c ult iva

t io n
. Yet t h e And ea n p eo p le a ft er m a ny c ent uri es
,

o f suc h c ult iv a t i o n pr o d uc e d e x c ellent p o t a t o es o f

,

se v e r a l kind s fo r e a c h o f whi c h t he y h a d a na m e
,
.

T he sa me m ay be sa id o f t he o ca a nd ga inua c r o p s .

T he a gri c ult ur a l a c hi eve m ent s o f An d ea n m a n are

e vid enc e o f t h e v a st a nt iquit y o f his r a c e in t h e

sa m e r e gi o n. T h e d o mest i c a t i o n o f t he llam a a nd
a lp a c a fur ni sh a d dit i o na l e vid enc e o f t hi s a nt iqui t y .

T her e is no wi ld lla ma The hua nac u a nd Vic ufi a

.

a r e di ffer ent a ni m a ls It must ha v e b e en c ent uri es

.

b efo r e t he lla ma w a s c o m p let ely d o mest i c a t ed ,

c a rryi ng b urd ens i ldi ng it w l fo r c lo t hi ng

y
, e s o o

a nd it s fl esh fo r fo o d Individua ls a re o f v a ri o us
.

c o lo ur s a s is usua l wi t h d o m est i c a t e d a ni m a ls
, ,

w hi le t he wi ld hua na c us h av e fl eec es o f t he sa m e
c o lo ur. T h e d o m est i c a t i o n o f t h e a lp ac a m ust
h a v e t a k en a n e qua lly lo ng p eri o d a nd c a lle d for ,

e v en gr e a t er ski ll a nd c a r e T her e is no wi ld
.
 O R IGIN 31

alpac a , a nd t he t a me
i ma l is d ep endent o n m a n
an

fo r t he p er fo rm a nc e o f m o st o f it s func t i o ns It .

m ust ha v e t a k en a g es t o bri ng t he si lk en fl ee c e s
t o suc h p e r fe c t i o n .

T her e is t hus g o o d r easo n fo r a ssigni ng v ery

gr ea t a nt iquit y t o t he c ivi li sa t i o n o f t he mega li t hi c
p eo p le An o t her d e duc t i o n fr o m t he pr emi ses is
.

t ha t t her e m ust h a v e b een a d ense p o p ula t i o n fo r

wo rki ng qua rri es m o vi ng t he c yc lo p ea n m o no li t hs
,

fr o m a dist a nc e a nd p lac i ng t hem a s w e ll a s fo r ,

c ult iv a t i o n a nd t he pr o vi si o n o f supp li es fo r t h e

wo rkers T hi s suggest s ext ensive do mini o ns a nd

.
,

so m e m o v ement o f t h e p eo p le .

We o nly h a v e t ra dit i o n t o i ndic a t e t he direc t i o n

whenc e t he me ga li t hic p eo p le c a me I a m quit e .

in a greem ent wi t h D r Bri nt o n t ha t t h e c ult ur e

.

o f t h e And ea n r a c e is a n i ndi g eno us gr o w t h wh o lly ,

self d e v elo p e d
-
a nd o wi ng no ne o f it s g erm s t o
,

o t h e r r ac e s Mr S q ie r c a m e t o t he sa m e
’
an
y .u .

c o nc lusi o n a s r e g a rd s P er u a nd Mr M a ud sla y as ,
.

r ega rds t he M aya s o f Cent ra l Ameri c a There w ere .

d o ub t less mo v ement s a m o ng t he An dea n t rib es ,

gr a dua l pr o gress e xt ending o ver v a st p eri o ds o f

t i me a nd a n i nflux fro m so m e dir ec t i o n t o fo rm
,

t he m e g ali t h i c e mpir e B ut fr o m wha t di r ec t i o n 2

.

Tr a dit i o n p o int s t o t he so ut h t o Cha rc a s a nd ,

Tuc uman a nd t o c o unt ri es b eyo nd t he so ut hern

,

t r o pi c as t he so urc es o f it s p o p ula t i o n
,
It is .

int erest ing t o fi nd Garc ilasso d e la Vega in o ne o f ,

his let t ers d e sc ribing hi mself a s a n

,
Ant arc t ic
India n Ci ez a d e L eo n t he ea rli est aut ho r t o
.
’

,
32 E XT ENT OF TH E ME G A LIT H I C E MP I R E

c o lle c t na t ive t ra dit i o ns , t ells us t ha t t he p eo p le

ca m e fr o m t he so ut h B et a nz o s a lso m a kes t he
.

c ivi li ser s a dv a nc e fr o m t he so ut h Sa lc a m a yhua .

sa y s t h a t a ll t h e na t i o ns o f P eru c ame fr o m t h e

so ut h , a nd set t le d in t h e v a ri o us r egi o ns as t h e y

a dv a nc e d .M o lina has t he sa me t ra dit i o n Mo n .

t esino s ment i o ns a gre a t i nv a si o n fr o m t he so ut h

in t h e v ery e a rli est t i mes, lat er t he r ec o rd s t e ll
o f t he a rriv al o f a n a r my fr o m T uc uma n, a nd h e

t ells o f a t hird gr eat i nv asi o n fr o m t he so ut h when

his 62nd Ki ng w as r eigni ng On t his p o i nt t her e
.

is pra c t i c a l unani mit y Th e gr ea t p o p ula t i o n, o f

.

t h e e xi st enc e o f whic h t he Ti a hua na c u r uins b ea r

si lent t est i mo ny , r ep r esent s a seri es o f mo v ement s

fr o m t he so ut h .

The Ti a huana c u r uins a lso p o i nt t o e xt ensiv e

d o mini o n, a nd t o asc ert a in it s ext ent a nd lo c a li t y
w e must seek fo r Si mila r c yc lo p ea n w o rk, a nd fo r
si mi la r ma so ni c ski ll in c a rvi ng in o t he r p a r t s o f ,

P er u .

In Cuz c o t her e is
yc lo p ean b ui ldi ng in t he
a c

Ca lle del T riunfo wi t h a hug e mo no li t h kno wn a s

,

st o ne o f t we lv e c o rne r s So m e p o r t i o ns o f
’
t he .

t he a nc i ent r ema i ns a t Ollant ay t a mp u a re meg a -

li t hi c wo rk a s well as t he
, Inca misa na a nd -

N a st a tia na hewn o ut o f t he so lid r o c k

’
-
, B ut .

t he grandest a nd most i mp o si ng w o rk o f t he meg a

li t hic b ui ld ers w a s t he fo r t r ess a t C uz c o Th e .

Sa c sa huama n hi ll o n w hi c h t he fo r t r ess st o o d
,

o v er lo o ki ng t he c i t y w as p r a c t i c a lly i na c c essib le
,

o n t w o sid e s a nd e asi ly d e fensib le o n a no t he r

,
B ut .
34 TH E CHAVIN ST ONE

fo rms . It p o int s t o t h e m eg a li t hi c
d o es a ge , as

t h e c ir c ula r st o ne wi t h muc h fi ne w o rk m a nship in

a lt o relievo t h e gr ea t se a t s c ut o ut o f m o no li t hs
, ,

a nd t h e fligh t o f st o ne st ep s t o fo rm a n a r t ifi c i a l

c a sc a d e On t h e C h a vi n st o ne w e a ga i n h a v e t h e
1
.

D ei t y h o ldi ng t w o sc ep t res a s a t Ti a huana c u , .

T hi s st o ne w a s fo und in a b o ut 184 0 in t he ,

p a ri sh o f Ch a vi n d e H uant a r in t h e pr o vi nc e o f ,

Huari a nd wi t hin t he v a lley o f t he Mara fio n H ere

, .

t h e r e is a c uri o us I nc a r uin k no wn a s t h e P uc a r a ,

d e Ch a vi n T h e st o ne h a d fa llen fr o m t h e r ui ns
.

a b o ve ,but it d o es no t fo llo w t ha t it w a s t h e
sa m e a ge a s t h e r uins It w a s pr o b a b ly o nc e
.

p a rt o f a muc h mo re a nc i ent e dific e a ft er ,

w a rds use d t o a do rn t he m o r e r ec ent Inc a

fo r t r ess In 1 87 4 t h e st o ne w a s t a k en t o Li m a
.

by o rd er o f t he go v ernment wh ere it no w may ,

be se en .

T he Chavi n dio ri t e , 25 ft lo ng
st o ne is of .

by 2 ft 4 in T he c a rvi ng is ve ry ela b o ra t e,
. .

a nd c o v er s t h e wh o le leng t h a nd br e a d t h o f t h e

st o ne . The pri nc ip a l figur e o c c upi es t h e lo wer ha lf

o f t h e st o ne Th e o rna m ent a t i o n is ri c h er a nd
.

m o r e c o nfuse d t ha n t h a t o n t h e Ti a huana c u m o no
li t h
. Th e h e a d is st i ll squa re , t h e c hi ef di ffer enc e
b ei ng in t he large m o ut h wi t h t eet h a nd t usks .

T he r a ys a re no t a ll r o und t he he a d , but o nly

o n t he sid es, t hr ee in n um b e r T h ey a r e m o r e .

c urv e d , a nd e nd in h ea d s r esemb li ng t h o se o f
serp ent s T hi s w a s t he c o nv ent i o na l o rna ment
.

1 S quier, p . 555 ; Wi n e er, p . 2 85 .

 TH E CHAVIN ST ONE 35

of t he la t er mega lit hi c sc ho o l o f a rt . A t Tia hu

a na c u t he h e a d s rly t ho se o f b ea st s bird s
a re c lea , ,

a nd fi sh .On t h e Ch a vi n st o n e t h e y a re a ll
t he sa m e like h ea d s o f sna k es
,
B ut I i nc li ne
.

t o b e li e v e t h a t t h e la t t e r a re m er ely c o nv en
t io na l h ea ds t o fi ni sh o ff t h e b a n d s o r r a y s .

T w o a lso c o me o ut o f ea c h o f t h e knees o f t h e
figur e .

A s in t he Ti a hua na c u figur e t he r e a re t w o a rm s ,

wi t h ha nds graspi ng sc ep t r es But o n t he Cha vi n .

st o ne t h e sc ep t r es t h o ug h m uc h t hi c k e r a nd m o r e
,

e la b o ra t ely c a rv e d h a v e lo st t heir sym b o li c mea n

,

ing . E a c h h as t w o lo ng b a nds t erminat i ng in

h ea d s .

Ab o v e t he c ent ra l figur e o f t he Cha vi n st o ne

t he r e is a ri c hly o rna me nt e d c o mp o si t i o n Alo ng .

t h e c ent r e t h e re are r o ws o f t e et h wi t h t usk s a nd

t hr ee h ea ds o n e i t h er sid e t h en c urv es t usk s
, ,

a lt erna t i ng wi t h b a nd s e ndi ng in vo lut es A t t he .

sid es t h er e are 34 lo ng b a nd s 17 o n eac h sid e

, ,

e n di ng a lt e r na t e ly wit h v o lut e s a nd h e a d s At .

t h e v ery t o p t w o b a nd s are t wi st e d r o und e a c h

o t he r ,
t ermi na t i ng wi t h he a ds T he who le .

c o mp o si t i o n a b o v e t h e c e nt r a l figur e
,
seem s t o ,

represent a n i mmense a nd ri c hly o rnament e d

hea d dr e ss
-

T he same g ener a l ide a a pp ea rs t o pr eva i l in

b o t h t he c ent r al figur es at Ti a huana c u a nd o n t h e
Cha vin st o ne T hey represent t he geni us o f t h e
.

sa m e p e o p le a nd t h e sa m e c i vili sa t i o n t h o ugh a t
, ,

di fferent p e ri o ds t he Cha vi n st o ne b ei ng t he la t est

,
.

D 2
 36 TH E M E GAL IT H I C EM P I R E

In b o t h t he p erva ding idea is o f a figur e o f t he

D ei t y gr aspi ng a sc ep t r e in e ac h hand T he b a nds .

o r r a ys t e rmin a t i ng wi t h h e a d s o r wi t h c ir c les a nd

v o lut es a re t h e sa m e in b o t h A t Ti a hua na c u .

a ll t h e p a r t s o f t h e c a rvi ng a pp e a r t o h a v e a sy m

bo lic a l m ea ni ng The a r t i st a v o id e d a ll c urv e s

.
,

pr eferri ng st raight li nes a nd c o rrec t ly dra wn

r e c t a ngles E veryt hi ng seem s t o ha v e a n int en
.

t i o n o r a m e a ni ng In t h e Ch a vi n st o ne t h e c o n
.

c e t io n is m o r e c o nfuse d a nd t h e r e is m uc h t h a t
p ,

is m o r e o rnat e but a pp a r ent ly c o nv ent i o na l a nd

,

unm e ani n g .

T h e t w o c o mp o si t i o ns it m a y be c o nc lud ed
, ,

are t h e w o rk o f t h e sa m e p eo p le wi t h t he same ,

c ult ,
t h e sa m e art a nd t he sa m e t r a di t i o ns but
, ,

wi t h a n i nt erva l o f p erh ap s a c ent ur y o r t w o

b et we en t h em T here must o nc e h a v e b een o t her
.

st o nes o f t h e sam e c h a r ac t er One w a s pr o b a b ly

.

a t C a c h a a no t h e r a t C uz c o b elo ngi ng t o t h e sa m e
, ,

m eg a li t hi c a ge If t h e y h a d no t b e en d est r o y e d
.
,

w e c o uld t r ac e t he t r a nsi t i o n fr o m t he ea r li er a nd
S i mp le r st yle full o f m ea ning a t Ti a hua na c u t o t h e
, , ,

m o r e ela b o r a t e a nd c o rr up t wo rk o n t h e C ha vi n
st o ne .

Guid ed by t he exi st enc e o f m ega li t hi c rui ns

a nd by t h e c a rv e d st o nes w e are le d t o t h e t ent a
,

t iv e c o nc lusi o n t h a t t h e a nc i ent e mpir e e x t end e d

it s sw a y o v e r t h e And ea n r egi o ns fr o m a n un
k no wn di st a nc e so ut h o f T uc uma n t o Cha c ha
p o ya s wi t h Ti a hua nac u ( fo r wa nt o f t he r ea l
,

na m e) a s it s c ent r e o f rule a nd o f t ho ught .

 O R IGI N OF T H E AN D E S 37

We m a y a lso e nt e pr o vi si o na l c o nc lu
rt a i n t wo
si o ns o ne o f t h em t o uc h i ng t h e gr e a t a nt iqui t y
,

of t h e m e g a li t hi c c ivi li sa t i o n a nd t he o t h e r ,

wi t h r efer enc e t o t he a r e a o v er whi c h it p re

v a i le d .

B ut w e m ust r et urn t o t he m o st di ffi c ult

p a r t o f t h e pro b lem na m ely t he c lima t i c c o n
, ,

d it io ns .H o w c o uld suc h a r egi o n a s is d esc rib e d

a t t h e b e gi nni ng o f t hi s e ssa y wh e r e c o rn c a nno t ,

rip en sust a i n t he p o p ula t i o n o f a gr ea t c i t y

,

o ver ft a b o ve . t h e le v el o f t h e sea ?
C o uld t he eleva t i o n ha v e b een less 2 Is suc h
a n id ea b e y o nd t he b o und s o f p o ssibi li t y ? T he
h eigh t is ne w ft a b o v e t h e sea le v el in
.
,

la t i t ude 1 6 22 S
° ’
.

T he r ec ent st udi es o f so ut her n g eo lo gy a nd

b o y lea d t o t h e b elief in a c o nnec t i o n b et we en
t a n 1

So ut h Am eri c a a nd t h e Ant a r c t i c c o nt i nent a l

la nds . B ut a t a r em o t e g eo lo gi c a l p eri o d t her e
w a s no So ut h Am eri c a o nly t h r ee la nd m a sse s , ,

sep a r a t e d by gr e a t sea i nle t s a G ui a na a Br a zi l

, , ,

a nd a La P la t a i sla n d T her e w er e no Andes

. .

Then c a m e t he t i m e when t h e m o un t a i ns b eg a n
t o be up h ea v e d T h e pr o c ess a pp ea rs t o h a v e
.

b een very slo w gra dua l a nd lo ng c o nt i nue d

, ,
.

The And es did no t e xi st a t a ll in t h e J ur assi c o r ,

e v e n in t he c r e t a c e o us p eri o d C o mp a r a t iv ely .

sp ea king t h e And es a re v ery m o d e rn

, T h e b o ne s .

o f a m a st o d o n h a v e b e en di sc o v e r e d a t U llo m a in ,

1 D ie Vegeta tion der Erd e Grund z ug e d er P

Chile c on Dr K a rl R eiche ( Lei z ig ,
.
.

p
fl
a nz enverbr eitung in
38 E L EVATI O N OF T H E AN D E S

B o livi a whi c h , is b o v e t he sea

ne w ft . a .

B ut suc h a n a nim a l c o uld n o t h a v e e xi st e d a t suc h

an ele v a t i o n T h en a g a i n in t he d esert s o f
.
, ,

T a r a p a c a e mb e dde d in t he sid es o f r a vines t her e

, ,

a re num er o us sk ele t o ns o f giga nt i c a nt ea t er s -

,

a ni m a ls w h o se h a bi t a t is in a d ense fo r est W he n .

t h ey liv ed t h e d ese r t s in w hi c h t h e ir b o ne s a re
,

fo und m ust h a v e b een c o v er e d wi t h t r ees It .

is t he h eight o f t h e A nd es wri ngi ng a ll m o i st ur e ,

o ut o f t h e t r a d e wi nd w hi c h m a k es T a r a p a c a ,

a d eser t When t he An des were lo wer t he t ra d e

.
,

wi nd c o uld c a rry it s m o i st ur e o ve r t hem t o t he

st rip o f c o a st la nd w h i c h is n o w a n a rid d eser t ,

pr o duc i ng a rb o re a l v eget a t i o n a nd t he m ea ns o f
supp o r t i ng gig a nt i c a nt ea t er s When m ast o d o ns -
.

liv e d a t U llo m a a nd a nt ea t er s in T a r a p a c a,
-
,

t h e And es slo w ly ri si ng were so me t w o o r

, ,

t hr ee t h o usa nd s o f feet lo w e r t h a n t h ey a re
no w . M a iz e wo uld t h en rip en in t he b a si n o f
L a k e Ti t i c a c a a nd t he si t e o f t he rui ns o f
,

Ti a hua na c u c o uld supp o rt t he nec essa ry p o p ula

t io n . If t h e m eg a li t hi c b uild ers w ere livi ng und e r
t hese c o ndi t i o ns t h e pr o b le m is so lve d ,
If t hi s .

is g eo lo gi c a lly i mp o ssib le t he my st ery r em a i ns ,

une xp a i ne d
l 1
.

We h a v e i ndi c a t i o ns o f t he m ega li t hi c c ivi lisa

t i o n o f t h e dir e c t i o n w henc e it c a m e o f it s gr ea t
, ,

a nt iqui t y o f t h e e x t ent o f t he a nc i ent e mpir e

, ,

1 Ne a r V lpa a ra is o t he la nd h a d rise n 1 300 ft . w it in h mo d er n

t imes ( D a rw in , p . a nd at t h e isla nd Sa n Lo re nz o , 5 0 0 ft
of .

( D a rw in , p .
( Geo l Obs . . on S A merica
. . h
Sm it , Eld er & Co , .
 CH AP TER III

T H E L STI OF K N G S I

A LO N G li st o f a hundre d ki ngs o f P eru i nc ludi ng ,

t h e Inc as w a s giv e n in t he wri t i ngs o f F e rna nd o

,

Mo nt esi no s w ho w a s in P e ru fr o m 162 9 t o 1642

, .

T h e wri t er w a s c r e dulo us a nd unc ri t i c a l a n d ,

hi s i nfo r m a t i o n w a s c o lle c t e d a c ent ury a ft e r t h e

c o nquest ,
when a ll t h e i nst ruc t e d Indi a ns w ho
c o uld r em e m b e r t h e d a ys o f t h e I nc a s h a d p a sse d

a wa y . Li t t le c r e d enc e ha s t h er efo re b een giv en

, ,

t o t h e li st hi t he rt o B ut D r G o nz a le z d e la R o sa
. .

h a s r e c ent ly a dduc e d g o o d r e a so ns fo r t h e b eli e f

1

t ha t M o nt esi no s m e re ly c o pi e d t h e li st o f ki ngs ,

wh i c h w a s w ell kno wn lo ng b e fo re his t i m e It .

w a s c o m pi le d a lm o st c e r t a i nly by B la s V a ler a
, , ,

when lea rne d men o f t he t i me o f t he I nc a s w er e

st i ll livi ng ,
V a lera hi mself b ei ng t he so n o f a n
Indi a n m o t her a nd t he la ngua ge o f t h e Inc a s
,

b ei ng his mo t her t o ngue T he list t h ere fo r e .

, ,

c o m e s t o us o n t h e h igh e st a ut ho ri t y a s a g e nui ne ,

t r a dit i o n o f t h e lea rne d m en o f Inc a t i m es It is .

t hus p la c e d in q ui t e a di ffe rent p o si t i o n a nd c a lls ,

fo r seri o us c o nsid er a t i o n .

I T he rea so ns ven in a no t e in t he A pp end ix

w ill be g i .

40
 CH R ONOLO G Y— T H E D E IT Y 41

The li st ki ngs a ssumi ng B la s Va lera t o ha ve

of ,

b een t h e c o mpi ler w a s d erive d fro m t h e a nc i ent

,

u
g p i u r e c o rd s e xp o und e d by lea r ne d m en o f t h e
,

t i m e o f t h e Inc a s c a lle d A M A U T A S a nd QU I PU,

CAM A Y OCS w h o ha d c h a rg e o f t h e se r e c o rds pr e vi o us

,

t o t he Sp a nish c o nquest It is c o nc eiv a b le t ha t .

suc h r ec o rds m a y ha v e b e en pr eserv ed T he .

a nc i ent P er uvi a ns lik e o t h er r a c e s in t h e sa m e

,

st a g e o f c ivi li sa t i o n w ere genea lo gi st s a nd ha d , ,

a n unusua l num b e r o f w o rd s t o di st i ngui sh r e la t i o n

ship s .T h e c hr o no lo gy o i t h e li st a s sho wn by ,

t he le ngt h o f r eigns is no t e x a gg er a t ed It giv es

,
.

a n a v e r a ge o f t w ent y fi v e t o t w ent y sev e n y ea r s - -

fo r ea c h r eign 1 It is t rue t ha t if t he wh o le
.
,

represent s a suc c essi o n o f fa t hers a nd so ns it ,

wo uld t a k e us b a c k t o 9 5 0 B C But a la rge . .

a llo w a nc e m a b e m a d e fo r suc c essi o ns o f br o t h er s

y
o r c o usi ns a n d fo r r ep e t i t i o ns w h i c h w o uld bri ng
, ,

t he i nit i a l d a t e d o wn t o a b o ut 2 00 B C . .

T h e list c o mm enc es wi t h t h e n a m e s o f t h e
D ei t y I LLA T IC I UI R A C O C H A We a re t o ld t ha t
,
-
.

t h e fir st w o rd I LLA m e a ns Light T ICI m ea ns

’
.
, ,
‘
fo un d a t i o n o r b e gi nning o f t hing s T h e w o rd
’
.

UI R A is sa id t o be a c o rr up t i o n o f PIR UA m ea ning ,

t he dep o si t o ry o r st o r e h o use o f c r ea t i o n But ’

-
.

her e t her e is so m e c o nfusi o n Fo r t he na m e o f .

1 Fro m H e nr y II t Ed w a rd VII t h e a
o is t w ent v era ge o f re ig ns y
ei gh y
t ea rs . h p
Fr o m P ili A u ust us o f
Fr a nc e t o t h e r ese nt
g p
D ku e o f Orle a ns t h e sa m e Fro m Alfo nso VII t o Alfo ns o X
. of III
p
S ain t w e nt -six ears y Fro m Alfo nso H enriquez t o Ma no el II
y .

g
o f Po r t u a l t h e sa me T he sa me erio d o f 89 7 e ar s is t a en fo r
. p y k
e ac , h b g
ein p
t he erio d c o ered v
t h e in d o m o f Po r t ugal by k g .
42 PIR UA D N A Y ST Y
t he fir st r ec o rde d ki ng is give n a s PIR UA P ACCAR I
MAN C O a nd t h e D e i t y is sa id t o be his G o d
1

t h e G o d o f Pirua In m o d ern Q ui c hua Pirna

.

mea ns a gra na ry o r st o r e h o use -

UI R A is t he
.

st o r e h o us e o r d e p o si t o ry o f a ll t hi ng s— o i c r e a t i o n
-
.

Th e o rdi nary m e a ni ng o f C O C H A is a la k e but ,

h ere it is sa id t o signi fy a n a byss pr o fun di t y —

.

Th e wh o le m ea ni ng o f t h e w o rd s w o uld be T he
sp lend o ur t h e fo un d a t i o n t h e c r e a t o r t h e i nfinit e
, , ,

T h e w o rd YA CH A CH IC w as o c c asi o na lly
’
Go d .

a dd e d t he T ea c h er
’
.

It m a y w ell be t h a t t he Ti a hua nac u c a rvi ng w as

a n e ffo r t t o giv e e xpr e ssi o n t o t his id ea o f t h e

D ei t y T he na me s Sh o w t he sub li mi t y o f t ho ught
.

a t t a i ne d by t h e a nc i ent P e r uvi a ns in t h eir c o n

c ep t io n o f a Supr em e B ei ng— t h e i nfi ni t e c a use ,

t h e fun d a m ent a l pri nc ip le t h e light o f t h e w o rld

, ,

t he gr ea t t ea c he r .

Th e fir st r ec o rd e d ki ng wh o se D ei t y is t hus
,

d esc rib e d w a s Pirua P a c c a ri M a nc o H is dyna st y

, .
,

whi c h m ay be c a lle d t he Pirua dyna st y wo uld ,

i nc lude t he first e ight een ki ngs in t he li st w ho ,

m a y p o ssib ly be m eg a li t hi c so ve r eigns It m a y .

be t h a t so m e gli mm e r o f light m ay be a ffo rd e d by

t h eir na m es T he y yi eld t went y o ne w o rds o f
.
-
,

whi c h six t een ha v e m ea ni ngs in m o dern Q ui c hua .

T hr ee o f t hese a re t i t les whi c h o c c ur fr e quent ly .

T hese a re CCA PA C o c c ur ri ng e leven t i mes ; YU

,

FA N QU I fo ur t i me s ; a nd PA CH A CU T I t wi c e in t he
,

1Pa cca ri m ea ns t he d a w n ; M a nco has no mea ning in t he

h
Q uic ua la n ua e g g .
 M E A N I NG OF NAM E S 43

Pirua dynast y CCA PA C mea ns ri c h but a pp li e d

.
,
’

t o a so v e re ign it c o nv e ys t h e idea o f b e i ng ri c h
in a ll V irt ues Th e wo rd YUPA N QU I is a n e quiv a
’
1
.

lent ; lit er a lly o u ma h er e it is

’

y , y c o un t bu t ,

y o u m a y c o un t fo r b e i ng p o ss esse d o f a ll vir t ues .

’

The w o rd PA CH A CU T I is c o m p o se d o f t he t w o
w o rds P AC H A t ime o r t he wo rld a nd CUT IN I
, ,
’

,
’
,

I t urn c ha nge b a c k o r refo rm It w a s a pp li e d

, , .
’

t o so v e r e igns in wh o se r e igns t h e r e w a s a c h a ng e
in t he c a lend a r o r gr e a t r efo r ms o r so me i mp o r t a nt
, ,

e v en t .

T hese t hr e e w o rds w er e t i t les t he o t h ers a re ,

t h e a c t ua l n a m e s o f so v e r e igns T h o se whi c h .

b elo ng t o t he Q uic hua la ngua ge ha v e suc h m eanings

a s pri nc ely a ug ust
, st r o ng t h e sc a t t er e r sun
, , , ,

d a wn c ryst a l musi c a la ndma rk a bri c k a

, , , , ,

serp ent a nd a le v elle r o f gr o un d ( coz ue) w h en c e

, q ,

t h e na m e C uz c o T h er e is a lso o ne na me a ft er a
.

lo c a i t y H ua sc a r whi c h a lso m ea ns a c a b le
l — —
.

Fi na lly t h ere a re t hr ee na mes wh i c h h a v e no

,

m ea ning in Q ui c hua ( wi t h t h e e x c ep t i o n o f Pirna ,

a gr a na ry ) , a nd m a
y b e a rc h ai c p o ss ib ly m ega ,

li t hic . T h ese a re AYAR MAN C O PA U LLU Pa ullu , ,

.

m a y p o ssib ly be a na m e t a ke n fr o m a lo c a li t y .

It h a s b een sugg est e d by Do n Vi c e nt e L o p e z

t ha t t h e Pirua dyn a st y e nd e d wi t h t he e igh t eent h
ki ng a nd t ha t a new AM AUT A dyn a st y c o m
,

m enc e d wi t h t he n inet eent h H is o nly r easo n .

fo r t his id e a is t h a t t he suc c esso r of t he

e igh t ee nt h ki ng is o nly c a lle d his h e ir a nd no t , ,

1 G d e la
. V e ga .
44 AMA U T A D YN A S T Y

as her et o fo r e his so n a nd h eir

, T hi s is a mi st a ke , .

fo r fi v e o t h er Pirua n ki ng s are no t sa id t o be
so ns o f t h eir pr e d e c esso rs T h e t h eo ry is, h o w .

e v e r , c o nv e nient , a nd t h ere is p erh a p s a b et t e r

rea so n fo r it s a do p t i o n Aft er t h e e ight eent h.

king t h e t i t le AM A UT A first a pp ea rs a nd is giv en ,

t o t hir t een o ut o f t h e fo r t y six suc c ee di ng king s -

w h o a re supp o se d t o fo r m t h e Am a ut a dyna st y .

Th e na m e w as giv en t o lea rne d m en k eep er s o f ,

t h e r ec o rds a nd r evi sers o f t h e c a lend a r T he .

Ma gi a n dyna st y in P ersi a when t h e sa me c la ss ,

!

seiz e d t h e g o v e r nm ent w a s m uc h m o r e sh o r t liv e d

,
-
.

T h e w o rd s A T A U CH I a nd AUQU I first a pp ea r a s
t i t le s in t he Am a ut a dyn ast y t h e o ne me a ning a ,

m a rri e d pri nc e a nd t h e o t h er a lso a pri nc e in

,

Q uic hua but a fa t her in t he so ut h ern di a lec t

, .

T her e a re a lso t h e na mes R A Y M I a nd H U QUIZ ,

whi c h h a v e no meani ng in Q uic hua It is sa id .

t h a t t he ki ng wi t h t h e fo r m er na m e g a v e it t o t h e
fest iva ls h e i nst i t ut e d wh i le Ki ng H U QUIZ g a v e
,

his na m e t o t he i nt er c a la ry d a ys T h e na m e .

H U A NACAUR I o c c urs t wi c e a nd C A UR I a lo ne o nc e , , .

T hi s w o rd is o f p ec ulia r i nt er est b ec a use it w a s

giv en t o o ne o f t he m o st sa c re d ido ls o f t he Inc a s ,

nea r C uz c o . It h a s no m e a ni ng t ho ugh it ha s ,

a Q ui c hua a pp ea r a nc e H ua n mea ns . wi t h ; ’

H ua na c a w a r ni ng Ca ura is a la d en lla m a in
’
1
.
,

t he so ut hern di a le c t But it is usele ss t o sp ec ula t e

. .

T w o ki ngs t o o k t he sac re d na me o f t h e D ei t y One .

w as c a lle d UILCA NOT A a ft e r t he p lac e w he r e he

,

1 G d c la
. Vg e a, 1 . Vi . p . 29 .
 TAM P U T O CC O - D YN A ST Y 45

won a Vi c t o ry o v er i nv a ders r p erso nal . The o t he

na m es w hi c h a re no t in t he Pirua li st a ll h a v e

m ea nings in Q ui c hua ex c ep t t w o o r t hr ee wh i c h ,

a r e c o rr up t T heir m ea ni ngs are light fi re go ld

.
, , ,

sa c r e d a c h i e f a bo a b e a m a h e a d dr ess l e ft -
, y , , , ,

h a nd e d b lo o d t o b ac c o a fa lc o n a d o v e a nd a
, , , , ,

fo o t . T h ere is a na m e MA R A SC O whi c h is sugges , ,

t iv e fo r MA R A S w as t he n a m e o f o ne o f t h e t rib e s
,

m ent i o ne d a s fo llo wi ng t he c hi ldr en o f t h e sun in

t h e P a c c a ri t am p u m yt h whi c h wi ll be t h e subj e c t
-
,

o f t h e nex t essa y .

T he end o f t h e ea r ly c ivi li sa t i o n is st a t e d t o
ha v e b een c a use d by a gr ea t i nv asi o n fr o m t h e
so ut h wh en t h e r eigning ki ng w a s defeat e d a nd
,

ki lle d in a b a t t le nea r P uc a r a in t he C o lla o The , .

who le c o unt ry br o ke up i nt o a num b er o f p et t y

t rib es a nd b a rb a ri sm r et ur ne d wi t h a vi c i o us st a t e
, ,

o f so c i et y a n d i nt est i ne feuds T hi s st o ry m a y .

w ell r epr esent a n hi st o ri c a l fac t A remn ant o f .

t h e AM A U T A S wi t h t h e ir fo llo w e r s t o o k r e fug e in
, ,

a di st ri c t c a l e d l T A PU o c c o nea r t he gr ea t
1
M T -
,

river Ap uri ma c H er e t h e t r a dit i o n o f t he D ei t y

.

w a s pr e serv e d a nd so m e r emn a nt s o f t h e o ld
,

c ivi li sa t i o n E lsewh er e t he religi o n b ec a m e d e

.

gr a de d eac h c hi e f a d o p t ing so m e na t ur a l o bj ec t
—

a s his a nc est o r a nd w o r shippi ng it,

i nst ea d o f
t he o ld D ei t y Th e m o r e c ivi li se d ki ngs o f
.

T a mp u t o c c o dec la re d t hemselves t o be c hi ldr en

-

of t he sun .

1 T a mp a , a ta v e rn ; a nd t o cco , a wind o w . It w as in t he pro vin ce

of Pa ruro , d e pa rt ment of Cuz c o , but t h e e xa c t lo c a lit yi s unc e rt a in.

46 TAM P U T O CC O -
D YNA ST Y

T her e are t went y

sev ki g -
T a mp u t o c c o
en n s of -

in t he li st , w h o m a y c o v e r a p eri o d o f 65 0 y ea rs .

Few new na m es a pp ea r Th e m o st i mp o rt a nt is
.

R O CCA , wh i c h seem s t o be a r c h a i c h a vi ng no ,

m ea ni ng in Q ui c hua Ano t he r is R AN T I A LLI

.

( c o rr up t ly A R A N T IA L) R A N T I m ea
. n s a d ep ut y , a nd

ALLI , go o d . Ot h er na m es whi c h h a v e no t o c c ur r e d
b efo re are H UAY N A a y o ut h ; AT AU, fo rt une o f
,

w ar ; T o c c o a wi ndo w ; H U A R I a nd H U ISPA
, , ,

c o rrup t a nd C U I S CU Y m ea ns a gui ne a pig T h e -

. .

la st T a m p u t o c c o ki ng w a s I NT I MAY T A CCA PA C t h e
-
,

e igh t h PA CH A CU T I Th e w o rd MAY T A o c c urs fir st

.

in his nam e , a nd a me a ni ng h a s b e en giv en t o it .

MA Y is wh er e T A , t h r o ugh
, P erhap s a quest i o n
.

Whi t her go I —r ec a lli ng t h e last v er ses o f t he

E mp ero r H a dri a n .

Aft er t his e xa mina t i o n o f t he li st o f ki ngs, t he

quest i o n a ri ses whet h er it t hro ws a ny light o n t he
pr o b lem o f t he m ega li t hi c a ge a nd t he Ti a huana c u
ruins I a m disp o se d t o t hi nk t ha t w e ma y o b t a i n
.

a g li mm eri ng o f ligh t fr o m it T h e r ec o rd o f t he .

na m es a nd a t t rib ut es o f t he a nc i ent D ei t y is
i mp o rt a nt The d est ruc t i o n o f t he o ld c ivi lisa t i o n
.
,

in a gr ea t b a t t le, a nd t h e sub se quent di sr up t i o n,

wi t h t he preserva t i o n o f so m e renma nt o f c ivi li sa
t i o n a nd r eligi o n a t T a m p u t o c c o t he p lac e o f -
,

re fuge exp la i ns wha t fo llo ws Th e sup eri o ri t y a nd

, .

predo mina nc e o f t he so c a lle d c hi ldren o f t he sun

-

is t hus e xp la i ned It ma y be t ha t t he PIR U A a nd

.

A M AU T A dynast i e s m ay p o ssib ly r epresent t h e

so v er eig ns o f t h e m ega li t hi c e mpir e It s d ec li ne .
 CH AP T ER IV

TH E PACCA R I T A M PU
-
M Y TH

T H E R E is m y t h wh i c h w a s t o ld t o a ll t h e Sp a ni sh
a

a ut h o r s by t h eir na t iv e i nfo r m a nt s a nd is r e t aile d

,

by t h em wi t h so me v a ri a t i o ns t he m o st a ut hent ic
,

v ersi o n b ei ng t ha t o ffic i a lly r ec eiv e d fro m t he

Inc as by Sa rmi ent o Whi le t he Ti t i c a c a m yt h
.

w a s o bvi o usly i nv ent e d t o ac c o unt fo r t he a nc i ent

ruins a nd st a t ues, a nd h a s no hi st o ri c a l va lue, t he
Pa c c a ri t a m pu myt h is a s c ert a inly t he o ut c o me
-

o f a r ea l t r a di t i o n, a nd is t he fa b ulo us v er si o n o f a

dist a nt hist o ri c a l e v ent .

We a re t a k en t o t he c o unt ry o f r efuge a t
T AM PU T O CC O , wh er e o ne sid e is pr o t ec t e d fr o m
-

i nva si o n by t h e d eep g o rge o f t he Ap uri ma c The .

fugi t iv es o f lo ng a ge s b a c k h a d m ult ip li e d T he .

d esc end a nt s we re m o r e c ivi lised , t h er efo re mo r e

p o w er ful t h a n t heir neighb o ur s a nd t he t i me ha d
,

c o m e fo r t h e a c qui si t i o n o f b et t e r a nd m o r e e x t en

siv e t e rri t o ry .Th e id e a o f wi nd o ws in t he fo llo w

ing m yt h w a s p erh a p s suggest e d by t h e wo rd
T o c c o t he mea ning o f w hi c h is a w ind o w in Q ui c hua
, .

T he di st ri c t is c a lle d P ACCA R I T A M PU o r t h e T a v ern

-
,

o f t he D aw n in t he le gend a nd TA M PU T o c c o is
’
-
, ,

48
 TH E A YA R S 49

t he hi ll wi t h t h e t hr e e o p eni ngs o r wi nd o ws , c a lle d

MA RA S ,
1 SUT IC , a nd CCA PA C .

The legend r ela t es ho w ,

o ut o f t he MA R A S

wi ndo w c a m e a t rib e wi t h t he sa me na m e, fr o m
t he SU T IC wi nd o w c a m e a t rib e na m e d T A M PU .

Out o f t he c ent r a l CCA PA C wi nd o w c a m e fo ur

a ugust p er so na g es a ll b e a ri ng t h e t i t le o f A YA R
, ,

a d esigna t i o n o f sev era l o f t he a nc i ent ki ngs .

T r w r MAN C O
h e e e e t h e pri nc e ly ; Aya r A U CA t h e
,
2
,

fight i ng o r j o yful Aya r ; C AC H I t he sa lt Aya r a nd ,

UC H U t h e p e pp er Ay a r
, Wi t h t he m w er e t heir .

fo ur wiv es OCCLO t h e a ugust pri nc e ss; H U AC O

, , ,

t he w a rlik e pri nc ess ; IPA CUR A 3

t h e eld e r a unt ; ,

a nd R AU A .

T he fo ur dr en o f t h e sun wi t h t heir fo ur
c hil ,

wiv es c o nsult e d t o get her a nd c a m e t o a m o ment o us

,

d ec i si o n : We are b o rn st ro ng a nd wi se a nd wi t h ,

t h e p e o p le w h o wi ll fo llo w us w e a re p o w er ful .

We wi ll go fo rt h t o seek m o re fert i le la nds a nd ,

w hen w e fi nd t hem w e wi ll subdue t he p eo p le ,

m a ki ng w a r up o n a ll w ho d o no t r ec eiv e us a s t h eir
L o rds T here w a s a c o nsider a b le fo r c e a t t h eir
.
’

c o mm a nd b esid es t h e t w o t rib es w h o a re sa id t o

h a v e i ssue d fr o m t h e wi nd o ws o n t h e hi ll o f T A M PU
T o c c o na me d MAR A S a nd T AM PU E ight o t he r
, .

a lla s o r li nea ges w e r e m ust er e d un d er t h e b a nne r

y
o f t he Ay a r s wh o se na m e s w e r e pr e serv e d
, T he .

1 Na me fo rm er king , MA R A S ( T o ) Co
of a . T h e m e a nin g o f SUTIC
w o uld be na m e d CCAP A C, a re a l t it le g .

2 G arc ila sso a nd M o nt es ino s h v

a SA U C ,
e A B
e t a nz o s a nd B lb o a a

wit hS armie nt o h v AU A
a e C . SA U C m ea ns lea sure , j o y
A p .

3 Or CUB A , as o .
th y ers sa . IPA is t h e wo rd fo r a n a unt .

E
50 TH E E M PI RE B U I L D E R S

CH AVI N t rib e se rv e d un d er t h e sa lt Aya r . Wit h it

were t he A R A Y R A CA t rib e , t h e CU Y CU SA , t h e MA S CA ,
1

t he UR U ,
2
a nd t he S ANO C . T h e T A R PU N T A Y w a s
pr o b a b ly t h e pri est ly a nd rific i a l c a st e while t h e
sa c ,

H U ACAY T A QU I a ylln w a s a lso a r eligi o us b o dy

c o nd uc t i ng c er em o nia ls a nd m usi c a l fe st iv a ls The .

ga t heri ng o f t h ese t en t rib es t o get her see m s t o

h a v e b e e n a v eri t a b le ex o dus un d e r t h e lea d er sh ip
o f t h e Ay a r s Fo r t he y n o t o nly t o o k wi t h t hem
.

t h eir a rm s but a lso t heir m o v a b le pr o p e rt y wiv e s

, ,

a nd c hi ldr en .

T h eir w a y w a s no r t h east fo r no t m o re t ha n -

t w e nt y fi v e mi le s fo r n o d o ub t C uz c o w a s t heir
-
,

go a l fr o m t h e b egi nning w ell kno wn t o t hem a s a ,

d esir a b le c ent ra l p o si t i o n wher e m ega li t hic b ui ld

i ngs ga v e e videnc e o f fo rm er o c c up a t i o n by t he
a nc i ent c ivi lise r s St a r t i ng fr o m t h e ir h o m es a t
.

T A M PU T O CC O t h eir m o v em ent s w e r e slo w a nd

-

delib era t e e v en st o ppi ng t o so w a nd r ea p T he

, .

Aya r M a nc o w a s t he lea der H e t o o k wi t h him .

a g o ld en st a ff When t he so i l w a s so fert i le t ha t
.

it s wh o le leng t h sa nk i nt o t h e ri c h m o uld t her e ,

w a s t o be t h e fi na l r est i ng p la c e H e a lso ha d -
.

wi t h him a bird lik e a fa lc o n c a rri e d in a h a mp er , ,

whi c h a ll t he p eo p le lo o ke d up o n a s sa c re d It .

d o es no t a pp ea r w het h er it w a s a live o r a r t ific i a l ,

but it w a s t he Ay a r s fa mi li a r spiri t c a lle d H U A U Q UI

’

o r br o t h e r .

T heir fir st ma rc h t o o k t hi s a r m y o f e mpire
b ui lders t o a p la c e c a lled H ua na c a nc ha wh er e t her e ,

1 M i t
a sca n ,h o sea rc Uu
. p id r , a s er .
 A YA R CACH I 51

w as a lo ng h a lt a nd t he nex t so j o ur n w a s a t T a m p u
,

q u i ru a nd P a lla t a , c o nt ig uo us vi lla ge s H er e .

t h e y r ema i ned fo r sev e ra l y ea rs so wi ng a nd r e a pi ng

c ro ps . B ut t h ey w er e no t sa t i sfi e d wi t h it ,
a nd m o v e d o n t o a no t he r va lley, c a lle d H AI S
QU I S R U .

T he ry pr o c e eds t o rela t e t he w a y in w hic h

st o

Ma nc o go t rid o f his t hr ee br o t hers so a s t o rule ,

a lo ne .T he sa lt Ay a r is desc rib e d a s so c r ue l
a nd o ppr essiv e t h a t t he br o t h er s fe a r e d t h a t t h e ir

fo llo w ers w o uld d esert a nd le a v e t h em a lo ne He .

w a s so d e xt e r o us wi t h t h e sli n g a n d so st r o ng t h a t
“

wi t h ea c h sh o t he p ulle d d o wn a m o unt a in a nd
fille d up a ra vi ne Th e e xi st ing r a vi nes o n t he
.

li ne o f m a rc h w er e m a d e by t h e sa lt Aya r in
hurling r o c k s Th e I nc a G a rc ila sso t e lls us t ha t
.

t h e mea ni ng o f sa lt ( C AC H I ) a s a pp li e d t o t hi s Ay a r
, ,

signifi es i nst r uc t i o n in r a t i o n a l li fe H is t e a c hi ng .

must h a v e b een r a t h er V ig o r o us We are t o ld t ha t .

his br o t hers fe a r ed him a nd c o nspir e d t o t a k e

,

his li fe .

T hey m a de a p lo t a like c unning a nd c ruel .

T hey c a lle d t h e sa lt Aya r t o t hem a nd t o ld him

t ha t so m e prec i o us i nsigni a h a d b een fo rg o t t en ,

a nd le ft in t he c a v e w henc e t h ey c a m e c a lle d ,

CCA PA C T o c c o -
T hese w ere t he g o lden va se s
.

c a lle d T UP AC C U S I a n d t he NA P A a sac r e d fig ur e
, ,

o f a lla m a T hey sa id t ha t it w o uld be fo r t he

.

go o d o f a ll if he wo uld go b a c k a nd fet c h t h em .

A t fir st h e r e fuse d but t he st r o ng min d ed MAM A

,
-

HU AC O r eb uked him wi t h st inging wo rds : H o w is

E 2
52 A Y A R CACH I

it t h a t t her e sh o uld be suc h c o w a r dic e in so st r o ng

a y o ut h a s o u are l sh e e x c la i m e d G e t r e a dy
y .

fo r t h e j o urne y a nd d o n o t fa i l t o r et ur n t o T a m p u
,

t occo, a nd do y as d e sir e d
o u a re H e w a s sh a m e d.
’

by t hese w o rds a nd set o ut wi t h a c o mp a ni o n

,

na m e d T a m p u c ha c a y w ho w a s a n a c c o mp li c e o f
-
,

t h e fra t ri c id es Wh en t he y a rriv e d t he sa lt Ay a r
.

e nt e r e d t h e c a v e t o fe t c h t h e t r e a sur e s w hi c h w e r e ,

no t r ea lly t h ere H is t r eac h ero us c o mp a ni o n

.
,

wi t h gre a t c elerit y r o lle d a r o c k a ga i nst t h e o p en

,

ing a nd sa t up o n it so t ha t t h e sa lt Ay a r migh t
,

r ema i n inside a nd d ie t h er e The o ut ra ge d pri nc e .

e x e r t e d a ll h is m igh t y st r e ng t h t o m o v e t h e r o c k .

H is c ri es m a d e t h e m o unt a i ns t r e mb le But a ll .

w a s o f no a va i l Wi t h his last br ea t h he d e
.

no unc e d t h e t r a i t o r d e c la ri ng t h a t h e sh o uld be
,

t urne d i nt o a st o ne a nd ne v e r r e t ur n t o r ep o r t t he
suc c ess o f his c ri m e T o t hi s d a y t h e t r a i t o r
.

st o ne m a y be see n by t he S id e o f t h e Cc a p a c t o c c o
-
.

T h e sa lt Aya r w a s t hus di sp o se d o f Nex t c a me .

t h e t urn o f t he p epp er Ay a r .

T h e a rm y o f t h e Aya r s c o nt i nue d t heir v e ry

d elib er a t e a dva nc e a nd c a m e t o a p la c e c a lled
,

Quirirm a nt a o nly a few mi le s fr o m t he v a lle y o f

,

C uz c o H ere t h er e w a s a hi ll w hi c h a c c o rding
. ,

t o Sa rm i ent o w a s a ft e rwa rd s c a lle d H U A N ACA UR I

,
.

Ac c o rdi ng t o t he legend t he br o t her s sa w a sa c re d ,

H U ACA o r id o l o n t he hi ll a nd pr o p o sed t o t a k e ,

it a w a y wi t h t h e m T h e p epp e r Ay a r w a s in
.

d uc ed t o a ppr o a c h it a nd when h e c a m e in c o nt a c t
,

wi t h t he id o l he w a s himself c o nv ert ed i nt o st o ne .
 A YA R U CH U 53

He j ust ha d t i me t o say : Go , h a p p y bro t h ers .

W h en y o u c ele br a t e t h e H uara c hic u, I sh a ll be

a d o r e d a s t h e fa t h e r o f t h e y o ung kn ight s fo r I ,

must r em a i n h er e fo r e v e r Garc ila sso e xp la i ns

’
.

t h a t t h e na m e o f p epp er ( UC H U ) w as a pp li e d t o t h i s
Aya r a s sym b o li c a lly m ea ni ng t h e d eligh t exp eri
e nc ed fr o m le di ng a r a t i o na l li e H U AN ACAUR I
f 1
a .

or H U AY N A CA PT IY 9 b ec a m e o ne o f t h e mo st
-

sa c r e d H U ACA S o f t he P eruvi a ns T he w o rd .

se em s t o h a v e r e fe r enc e t o t he gr ea t fest iva l

when t he y o ut h s r ec eiv e d a so rt o f knight ho o d ,

t h e c e r em o ny b ei ng p e r fo r m e d n ea r t h e H a a ca .

H U AY N A m ea ns a y o ut h Ca uri is c o rrup t a nd .

h a s n o m ea ni ng but Ca p t iy is t h e pr esent sub

,

j unc t iv e o f t he a uxi li a ry v erb H ere t he nu .

fo r t un a t e p epp e r Ay a r w a s k ep t in m em o ry a nd ,

rec eive d a d o r a t i o n a t t he gre a t a nnua l fest iva l o f

a rming t he y o ut h s fo r m a n y g ene r a t i o ns
, .

Aya r M a nc o h a d no w di sp o sed o f t w o o f his

br o t hers The t urn o f t he j o y ful o r fight i ng Aya r
.

w a s t o c o me ne x t M ea nwhile t he m a rc h c o n
.

t inued festina lente ; a nd t w o y ea rs w ere p a sse d

in so wi ng a nd r e a pi ng a t a p lac e c a lled Ma t a hua ,

j ust wi t hi n t h e Cuzc o v a lley T hen it is re la t e d .

t h a t Aya r M a nc o hurle d his g o ld en st a ff a s fa r

a s H ua na y —p a t a wher e it sa nk i nt o t he ea rt h
, .

By t hi s t hey knew t ha t t he la nd w as fert i le a nd

1 h
Cie z a d e Le o n t ells m uc t he sa m e st o r y
G a rc ila sso m ent io ns
.

p
H ua na c a uri fo ur t imes a s a la c e o f r ea t sa nc t it g It is fre que nt l y . y
me nt io ne d by M o lina .

2 S a lea m a yh ua h as H UA Y N A A PT IY .
-C
54 O CCUP AT I ON OF CUZ OO

suit e d fo r m ent
set t le B ut first t h e j o y ful Aya r
.

m ust be disp o se d o f A pi le o f st o nes w a s in sight

.
,

wh er e t he t em p le o f t h e sun a ft erwa rds st o o d .

Ma nc o t o ld his last r ema ini ng br o t her, w h o w a s

winged , t ha t h e must fly t hit h er a nd t a ke p o ssessi o n
o f t h e t erri t o ry T h e j o y ful Aya r did so , a n d wh en
.

h e sa t o n t h e m o un t lo a nd b eh o ld I h e w a s t urne d
,

i nt o a st o ne Thi s c a irn o r mo und w a s c a lle d

.

C UZ C O , whenc e t he n a m e o f t he fut ur e c i t y T he .

w o rd m ea ns li t era lly a c lo d o f ea r t h o r ha rd un , ,

irriga t e d la nd Cuz quini is t o le v el o r bre a k c lo d s

I

o f e art h .

Wh et he r t he t hr ee Aya rs w er e di sp o sed o f in
t hi s m ira c ulo us w a y o r w h et h e r t heir liv es w ere
,

t a k en wi t h o ut a di st urb a nc e o f t h e law s o f na t ur e ,

M a nc o no w ha d n o riva l H e o c c upi e d a st r o ng
.

p o si t i o n wi t h his a rm y , nea r t h e j o yo us Aya r s ’

fa t a l C uz c o a nd fo r c ib ly subd ue d t h e A lc a v isa s
,

a nd o t h e r fo r m e r se t t ler s in t h e v a lle y .

T hi s Pa c c a ri t a mp u m y t h is I b eli ev e fo und e d
-
, ,

o n a n i m p o r t a nt hi st o ri c a l e v e nt It r ec o rd s t h e
.

m a r c h o f t h o se d esc end a nt s o f t h e a nc i ent c ivi l

isers w h o t o o k r e fug e a t T a m p u t o c c o T h ey-
.

w ere empir e b uilde rs m a r c hi ng t o Cuz c o wi t h t heir ,

r eligi o us b e li e fs a nd c er em o ni es, t heir i nsigni a o f

r o ya lt y t heir t r a di t i o ns o f la ws a nd c ust o ms a nd
, ,

t h e ir h o useh o ld g o d s .

T he fer t i le v a le o f C uz c o sev e ra l m i les in le ng t h

, ,

a nd surr o und e d by m o unt a i ns is in la t i t ud e 13 30 S

° ’
.
,

a nd ft a b o v e t h e lev e l o f t he sea
. Ov er .

it s si t e ri ses t he i m p o si ng hi ll o f Sacsa hua ma n,

56 S U CCE SS O R S OF MAN C O

a ut h o ri t i es wi t h r ega rd t o t he nam es o f t h e fo ur
fir st suc c esso rs o f M a nc o T h e y w er e S IN C H I
.

R O CCA LLOQU E YUP A N QU I MAY T A CCA PA C a nd

, , ,

CCA PA C YU PA N QU I Mo st o f t h ese names a re

.

m er ely t i t les T h e a c t ua l na m es a re R O CCA

.
,

LLOQU E a nd MAY T A Fo r t h e fo ur t h o nly t i t les

, .

a re giv en a nd n o p e r so n a l n a m e
,
T h e ki ng s c o n .

t inue d t o l iv e wi t h in t h e fo r t ifi e d I N T I CA N C H A -
,

dividing t he la nd b et w een t h e t o rr ent s i nt o fo ur

qua r t ers t o be o c c upi e d bV t h eir fo llo w ers : na mely
,

Q U I N T I -
CA N C H A o r t h
,
e a ng ul a r p la c e w h e r e t he
—
,

t o rr ent s j o i n ; CH U M P I CAN C H A o r t h e p la c e o f
-
,

st o ne h e a p s p e rh a p s b ui ldi ng s ; S AY R I CA N C H A o r
,
-
,

t he p la c e w he r e t he S a yri p la nt w a s c ult iv a t ed ;
a nd YA R A M PUY C AN C H A a no t her p la c e fo r c ul
-
,

t iv a t io n . T hese fo ur kings undert o o k no gre a t

ent e rpri se . M a y t a Cc a p a c a lo ne sho we d a ny
e ne rgy , by fina lly subj uga t i ng t he t rib es in
t he C uz c o v a lle y T he ki ngs a t t h e Int i c a nc h a
.
-

w ere resp ec t e d by t he surro unding c hi efs a s

c h i l dr en of t h e sun a nd fo r t heir sup eri o r
,

kno wledge a nd c ivi lisa t i o n E nvo ys w ere sent .

to t h em so m e
, wi t h sub mi ssi o n a nd t hey ,

wi sely c em ent ed a lli a nc es by ma rri a ges wi t h

d a ugh t ers o f t h eir m o r e p o werful neighb o ur s .

T h e m a rri a g es wi t h si st ers w a s a muc h la t er c ust o m

o f t h eir pr o ud er a nd m o re i mp eri a lly mi nde d
suc c e sso r s .

App a r ent ly t hese ea r ly suc c esso rs o f Ma nc o ,

o wi ng t o a c er t a i n sup eri o ri t y o c c upi e d a p o si t i o n ,

o f pri o ri t y sc a r c e ly o f suz e r a i nt y
, o v e r a v e ry ,
 UNR E S T 57

lo ose c o nfe dera c y o f surr o unding t rib es sp ea ki ng

t h e sa me la ngua g e . But t hi s w a s no t w h a t w as
c o nt e mp la t e d by t h e Ay a r M a nc o,
w h o h a d fi lled
t h e minds o f his t rib es wi t h a m bi t i o us id e a s .

T here w as a feeli ng o f unr est a nd di sc o nt ent t h e,

v ery o pp o rt uni t y t o be seiz ed by a highly gi ft ed

a dve nt ur e r if t i m e S h o uld pr o d uc e o ne
,
.
 CH A PT ER V

R ISE OF T H E IN CA S

TH ER E w a s a fe eli ng m o ng t h e d esc end

of unr est a

a nt s o f t h e c o nque ri ng t rib es le d by t h e Ay a r s t o

Cuz c o Vi c e w a s un c hec k e d t h e lea d ers o f t h e

.
,

p eo p le r em a i ne d i nert in t h e Int i c a nc h a a nd no -
,

pro gress w a s m a d e Yet t he p e o p le t h em selv es .

w e r e st i ll vigo r o us o nly nee di ng a r eso lut e c h i ef,

,

wi t h a genius fo r c o mm a nd t o guide a nd dir ec t ,

t h eir d est i ni es .

Am o ng t h e di sc o nt ent e d t her e w a s a n a mbi t i o us

la dy sa id t o h a v e b een o f t h e b lo o d—ro y a l, w h o in
, ,

c o nsult a t i o n wi t h h er si st e r o ne o f t h e m o st no t e d ,

so r c er esses o f t h a t d a r eso lv e d t o e ffec t a rev o lu

y ,

t ion . H er n a m e w as SIUY A CU o r t h e gra dua lly ,

i nc re asing ri ng 1
She w a s shr ewd , c a ut i o us a nd
.
’

d et ermine d .

H er so n R o c c a w a s t o be t h e i nst rum ent t o

e ffec t t h e r ev o lut i o n sh e c o nt e m p la t e d fo r t h e g o o d

o f h er p e o p le H e w a s a y o ut h in h is t w ent i et h
.

y ea r well fo rm ed h a nd so m e v a li a nt a nd wi t h a
, , , ,

m i nd fi lle d wi t h lo ft y id ea ls Alrea dy he w as t h e .

1 S iui, a r in g; ya cu, a p a r t ic le , d e no t in g g ra d ua l a d v a nc e o r

inc re ase . T he c o rr u pt fo rm is CI B A GO .

58
 SPEE CH OF R OCCA S M OT H ER 59
’

lea der o f t he y o ung m en w h o w er e di sc o nt ent ed and , .

a m o ng his i nt i m a t es h e w a s c a lle d IN CA o r L o rd .

The la dy SIUY A CU t hus o p ene d t h e subj ec t t o

h er so n . My so n sh e b ega n , yo u h a v e a
,
’

kno wledge of t he v ery h a ppy

j ye d by est a t e en o

o ur a nc e st o r s wh en t h ey o c c upi e d t h em selves in
,

m i li t a ry e x erc i ses a nd live d in c o nfo rmi t y wi t h

,

t h e wi ll o f o ur gre a t fa t h e r t h e sun a nd o f t h e ,

Supre m e Cr ea t o r I LLA T ICI U IR A C OCH A By t hi s -

.

p a t h t he c i t y fl o uri sh e d t h er e w a s a suc c essi o n o f

,

m a ny ki ng s t h e r ea lm w a s e x t end e d t h e c o ur se o f
, ,

e v e nt s w a s pr o sp e r o us
y
a nd w e a lw a s t ri um p h e d
,

o v e r o ur e ne mie s o f w h i c h t hi ng s o ur quip us a re
,

full . A ll t hi s is no w c h a ng e d T h e c o unt ry is in .

t h e mi ser a b le st a t e in w hi c h y o u see it B ut I .

h a ve d e t erm i ne d t h a t y o u sh a ll be ki ng I t r ust .

in t h e a id o f t h e Supr em e Cr ea t o r t h a t h e wi ll ,

fa v o ur m y p la ns a nd I t rust t h a t y o u by y o ur
, ,

v a lo ur a nd wi sdo m wi ll be t he R est o r er o f t he c i t y
.
,

a nd t h e ki ngd o m t o it s a nc i e nt pr o sp e ri t y
’
.

She c ease d Te a rs flo we d fr o m h er eyes a s she

.

wa it e d a nxi o usly fo r h er so n s r ep ly T her e w as a ’

.

lo ng p a use . R o c c a a pp ea r e d t o be d eep in t h o ugh t .

Aft er a t i m e t he va lia nt y o ut h deliv ere d his a nswe r .

M o t her a nd L a dy " h e sa id wha t yo u h a v e ,

pr o p o se d must be fo r t he c o mm o n go o d o f a ll t he
rea lm A s t o wh a t y o u ha v e sa id o f m e I dut i fully
.
,

a c c ep t y o ur j udg m ent I d ec la r e t o yo u t h a t I
.

a m r ea dy t o giv e m li fe a t h o usa n d t im es t h a t
y
y o ur no b le a spira t i o ns m a y be fulfilled .
’

H is m o t he r w a s sa t i sfi e d fo r sh e k ne w t h e ,
 60 T H E VISION OF R OOCA

reso lut i o n o f her so n if he o nc e und er t o o k a n ent er

pri se t ha t wi t h him t her e w o uld be no t urni ng
,

b a c k a nd she w a s i mpr essed wi t h his wi sdo m in

,

a c c ep t i ng c o unsel a nd wi t h his c a p a c i t y in t h e
,

e x ec ut i o n o f a c a r e fully pr ep a r e d sc h em e Sh e .

e m br a c e d him d ec la ri n g t h a t sh e h o p e d no less o f
,

his va lo ur a nd high spiri t Sh e i m pr e sse d him wi t h

.

t h e a b so lut e nec e ssi t y o f si lenc e a n d c h a rg e d him

,

t o fo llo w ex a c t ly t h e i n st r uc t i o ns h e w o uld r e c e iv e
fr o m h er self a nd his a unt t h e so rc e r ess
,
.

Th e la dy SIU Y A CU nex t ga v e a n a c c o unt t o h er

si st e r o f t h i s i nt e rvi e w wi t h h er so n dw elli ng o n ,

t h e a t t ent i o n h e h a d giv en t o h er w o rd s a nd o n ,

his w i llingness t o ent e r i nt o h e r p la ns H is a t t i t ud e

.

pro mi se d suc c ess a nd t he si st ers d et erm i ne d t o

,

t a k e a c t i o n wi t h o ut d e la y T h e so rc er ess e m
.

p lo y e d c ert a i n a rt i sa ns w ho w er e swo rn t o sec rec y

, ,

t o b e a t o ut a gr e a t num b er o f squa r e pi ec es o f fi ne
go ld wi t h sm all ho les p er fo ra t e d a t e a c h c o rne r
, .

They t hen sew e d t hem o n t o a lo ng ga rm ent ,

r ea c hi ng fr o m t h e nec k t o t he heels wi t h numer o us ,

bri lli a nt pr ec i o us st o nes b et ween t he g o lden p la t es .

T h e w ho le sho ne lik e t he r a ys o f t h e sun T h e si st ers .

t he n m a d e sev e r a l t ri a ls wi t h t he y o ut h t o d ec id e ,

up o n t h e w a y in w h i c h h e sho uld a pp ea r A t last .

t h ey t o o k h im t o a c a v e c a lled C h i ng a na in t h e sid e ,

o f t he Sa c sa hua m a n bi ll w h i c h o v e r lo o k s t h e c i t y
,
.

T hey dr esse d him in t he go ld e mbr o idere d r o b e -

,

a nd t o ld h im , a t t h e e nd o f fo ur d a y s t o a pp e a r ,

a t no o n o n t h e h e igh t t h a t d o m i na t e s t he w h o le
,

c i t y so t h a t t h e p eo p le migh t se e him
, a nd t he n ,
 T H E VISION OF R OCCA 61

to re t urn t o his hidi ng p la c e w here suffic i ent fo o d

-
,

ha d b een pr o vid e d .

T he t w o si st ers t h en d ec la r e d t o t h e p e o p le t ha t ,

whi le t h eir so n a nd nep hew IN CA R OCCA w a s , ,

sle epi ng in t he h o use t h e sun c a m e d o wn a nd

,

c a rri e d him up t o h ea v e n e nv e lo p e d in it s r a y s ,

sa yi ng t h a t h e w o uld so o n r et ur n a s ki n g a nd

fa v o ur e d c hi ld o f t h e grea t lumi na ry T he so lemn .

st a t em ent w a s c o nfir m e d by six m e m b e r s o f t h e

fa mi ly w ho w er e wi t ne sses P a rt ly o n a c c o unt o f
.

t hese a ssur a nc es p a r t ly b ec a use t h e y h a d lo ng

,

lo o k e d up o n R o c c a a s a c hild o f d est iny m o st o f ,

t h e p eo p le b eli e v e d t h e st o ry If t here w e r e a ny .

d o ub t s t h ey w er e so o n di sp elle d .

Gr ea t num b ers o f p eo p le c a me fr o m fa r a nd
ne a r t o h ea r t h e news On t h e fo urt h d a y sa c rifi c es
.

were o ffer e d t o t he sun fr o m ea rly m o rning wi t h ,

ea rn est pr a y er s t h a t t he y o ut h migh t be r e st o r e d .

Immense c r o wd s w er e in t he o p en sp a c e b efo re
t he Int i c a nc ha
-
T he h o ur o f no o n a rriv e d
. Th e .

busy hum o f vo i c es c eased T h ere w a s a n a we d .

si lenc e fo r t her e o n t he summi t o f t h e Sac sa hua

, ,

m a n hi ll in t he sight o f a ll m en st o o d a g o ld en
, ,

figure gli t t eri ng in t he sun s r a ys Then it sudd enly ’

.

di sa pp ea r e d but t h o usa nds ha d seen it

, T he e ffe c t .

w a s i n d esc rib a b le It must be R o c c a wi t ho ut

.
,

d o ub t a nd t he sun ha d sho wn him in a nswer t o

, ,

t heir pra y e rs .

A t night fa ll t h e la dy SIU Y A CU w a s a t t he
Chinga na i nst ruc t ing her so n t o a pp ea r a ga i n in
, ,

t he sa m e w a y a t t he end o f t w o d a y s a nd t h en
, ,
62 E
A CC SSION OF R OCCA
hid e hi mself a s b efo r e D uring t he i nt erv a l t h e
.

p eo p le wer e in susp ense, and full o f a nxi et y t o

se e t he e nd o f suc h w o n d e r ful e v ent s Aft er t w o .

da ys t h e go lden figur e w a s a ga i n se en, fo r a few

m o ment s, o n t h e summit o f t h e Sa c sa hua m a n hi ll .

The feeli ng s o f t h e p eo p le w er e wr o ught up t o t he

highest pi t c h o f ex c i t em ent . SIUY A CU seiz e d t he
fa t eful m o m ent . Sh e a nn o un c e d t h a t t he Supr em e
Crea t o r, I LLA T ICI h a d t o ld her t o go t o t he c a v e
,

Chinga na , whe r e she w o uld fi nd her so n H e w a s .

t o be t a k en t o t he t emp le, wh e r e t h e p eo p le w o uld

hea r t h e divi ne m essa ge fr o m his lip s a nd m ust ,

o b e y him in a ll t hin gs as o ne i nspir e d by t h e D e i t y .

The p eo p le pr ep a re d t hem selves by dr essi ng a s

fo r a fest iv a l a midst t h e m o st ent husi a st i c re
,

j o ic ing s . T h e n n ea r ly t h e w h o le p o p ula t i o n,
le d
by t h e la dy SIU Y A CU , r ushed up t he hi ll, a lo ng
t he w a lls o f t h e meg a li t hi c fo r t r ess t o t h e C hi ng a na
,

c a ve. Un de r a c a rv e d st o ne t he y fo und y o ung

R o c c a r ec li ning a pp a r ent ly a sleep H e a wo k e a nd ,
,
.
,

ri si ng t o his feet he t o ld t he p eo p le wi t h a n a ir
, ,

o f gr e a t a ut h o ri t y , t h a t t he y m ust r ep a ir t o t he

t em p le w h er e by c o mm a nd o f his fa t he r t he sun,
, ,

h e w o uld giv e t hem t h e m essa g e h e h a d r ec e iv e d .

Th e r et urn o f t he p eo p le w as m o re so le mn .

T here w a s a n a we d si lenc e R o c c a w as sea t e d o n

.

a go lden t hro ne wi t hi n t he t emp le The va st .

c r o wd w a s e a g e r t o h ea r t he m essa g e A pr o fo und
.

si lenc e pr e v a i le d t hr o ugh o ut t h e v a st c o nc o ur se

o f li st ene r s a s h e r o se t o sp e a k . T hese a re sa id t o
h a v e b een his w o rd s : No o ne c a n d o ub t , my
 64 A CT S OF INCA R OCCA
ne w i nv ent i o ns Th e ha ppy fea t ure o f my pro mi ses
.

is t h at t h ey c o me fr o m my fa t h e r t he sun a nd ,

c a nno t fa i l T h e p unish m ent o f di so b e di enc e wi ll

.

be t hund e r t h a t wi ll t e rri fy y o u t emp est s t o a ffli c t

,

y o u
,
r a i ns t o d est r o y y o ur c r o p s a nd light ni ng t o
,

d epriv e y o u o f li fe .
’

R o c c a sa id a ll t hi s wi t h suc h so lemni t y t ha t
n o o ne d a r e d t o disp ut e his w o rd s T he wh o le .

p eo p le pr o c la i me d him t heir so v ere ign by a c c la m a

t io n
,
a nd t h e r e v o lut i o n w a s c o mp let e d
. He .

b ega n t o reign wi t h t he t i t le o f Inc a R o c c a —H is .

first a c t w a s t o remo v e fr o m t he Int i c a nc ha whi c h -

,

c e a se d t o be t h e r o ya l r esid enc e a n d w a s giv e n

,

up e nt ir ely t o t he t e mp le fo r t h e se rvi c e o f t h e sun .

The I nc a m o v e d t o t he upp er p a r t o f t h e t o wn a nd ,

fix e d his r esidenc e in a n a nc i ent b ui ldi ng o f t h e

m eg a li t hi c a ge In it s w a ll is t h e h uge st o ne o f
.

t welv e c o rner s .

T hi s i nt erest i ng t ra dit i o n is t o ld by Mo nt esino s ,

a nd is pr o b a b ly ne a r t h e t rut h fo r t h er e are in
,

d ic a t io ns o f a r ev o lut i o n o f so m e ki nd in A c o st a , ,

Mo rua a nd o t he r wri t ers a t t he t i me o f R o c c a s

’
, ,

a c c e ssi o n .

A n i mp o r t a nt m e a sur e o f t he n ew so v er eig n
w a s t he divi si o n o f p e o p le o f e v e ry di st ri c t i nt o
upp e r a nd lo w e r H A N A N a nd H U R IN
, Grea t im .

p o r t a nc e w a s a t t a c he d t o t his a rra ngement t ho ugh ,

it is no t qui t e c lea r o n wh a t gr o unds it w a s in

st i t ut e d a nd w h a t p urp o ses it w a s i nt end e d t o
,

serv e . In Cuz c o it w a s d ec r ee d t h a t a ll t he
d esc end a nt s o f I nc a R o c c a sho uld be Ha na n
 H A NA N AN D H URIN CUZ CO 65

Cuz c o s, a nd set t le in t he upp e r

p a rt o f t he c i t y .

H a lf t he a gllus whic h m a r c he d t o Cuz c o wi t h Ay a r

M anc o w er e a lso t o be H a nan Cuz c o s These wer e .

CH A VI N ,
A R A Y R A CA ,
SA fio c ,
T A R PUN T A Y ( sac rifi c er ) ,

H UA CA Y T A Q UI ( sac re d music ) .

P erha p s t hese fi v e t rib es ha d sho wn m o r e

d e vo t i o n t o t h e c a use o f t he new ruler t h a n
t he o t h ers The d e sc enda nt s o f R o c c a s p re
’
.

d e c esso rs w e r e a ll t o be H uri n Cuz c o s a nd t o liv e ,

in t h e lo we r p a r t o f t h e c i t y T he o t her fi v e .

o rigi na l a llus w er e a lso H ur in Cuz c o s

g
TA M PU ( set t l e d at Olla nt ay t a mp u) -
,

CUY CU SA ,
M A SCA ( M a sca ni I sea rc h ) , ,

MA R A S ( set t le d a t Maras) ,

UR U ( set t le d a t Urup a mp a ) .

Pr o b a b ly t h e divi si o n int o upp er a nd lo we r w a s

c o nn e c t e d in so m e w a y wi t h t he mili t a ry e x er c i ses
, ,

whic h wer e rigo r o usly enfo r c e d by Inc a R o c c a .

The d esc en d a nt s o f t h e t en o rigina l a yllus must er e d

upw a rd s o f fight ing m en Se vera l mili t a ry .

exp edit i o ns w e r e un d er t a k en a nd se v e r a l neigh,

bo ur ing t rib es w e r e s ubd u e d—

Muyna Pina hua , ,

Ca yt o ma rc a a nd o t h ers— t h o ugh t heir t erri t o ri es

-
,

were no t t hen p erm a nent ly o c c upi e d But t he .

fo unda t i o ns w er e la id fo r a gr ea t a rm y d e st in e d ,

t o c o nquer a nd subj ug a t e t h e who le And e a n

66 A CTS OF INCA R OCCA
r egi o n The t en o riginal a yllus were t he o ld
.

gua rd r o un d whic h t he rest o f t he a rmy w a s

,

fo rm e d . T he ex erc i ses w er e c o nt inuo us a nd t he ,

Inc a s so n Vic a quirau a nd nep hew A p u Ma yt a

’

, , , ,

t he t w o gr eat est g ene r a ls t he Ameri c a n r ac e h as

pro duc e d wer e t ra ine d und er t he ey e o f t he
,

Inc a R o c c a It w as t heir pr o wess a nd mili t a ry

.

ski ll t hat duri ng t h e t hree fo llo w i ng r eigns

, ,

c r e a t e d t h e e mpir e o f t h e Inc a s .

In a ll r esp ec t s Inc a R o c c a a pp ea r s t o h a v e b een

t he pi o neer o f e m pir e T he la st r e c o rd e d a p pea r
.

a nc e o f t h e la dy Siuy a c u w a s when sh e ur g e d

her so n t o lo se no t i m e in sup pr essi ng t h e vi c i o us

a nd slo t h ful h a bi t s o f t h e p eo p le H e ma de .

sev er e la ws w i t h t h i s o bj ec t whic h w er e rig o r o usly

,

e nfo r c e d H e a lso e r e c t e d sc h o o ls c alle d Yac ka

.

hua si t o t r a i n y o ut hs a s a c c o unt a nt s a nd r ec o rd er s ,

o f ev ent s T h e w a lls o f t he Inc a s sc ho o ls st i ll

’
.

r esi st t h e e ffo r t s o f t i m e T he gr and c i t y o f .

la t e r Inc as w a s c o mm enc e d und e r t h e a uspi c es o f

R o c c a The t o rrent s o f H uat anay a nd R o da d ero
.
,

r ushin g d o wn t he r avi nes o n eit her side o f t he

Sac sa hua m a n h i ll h a d hi t h er t o p eri o di c a lly o ve r
,

fl o w e d t h eir b a nk s a nd t here w er e p o nd s a nd
,

sw a m p s o ne o f t h em o n t he si t e o f t h e pr esent
,

c a t h e dr a l o f C uz c o Th e I nc a R o c c a c o nfi ne d
.

t h e t o rr ent s wi t hi n so lid w a lls dr a i ne d t he si t e o f,

t h e fut ur e c i t y a nd le d o ff c o ndui t s t o irrig a t e

,

t he v a lley T hus t he surro undi ng c o unt ry by

.
,

a sy st e m o f t err ac e c ult iv a t i o n a nd irriga t i o n w a s ,

e na b le d t o supp o rt a muc h la rge r p o p ula t i o n .

 T H E OR EJ ON S E 67

The c ust o m o f b o ri ng t heir e a r s a nd enla rgi ng t he .

lo b es unt i l t h e y we r e a gr e a t lengt h, whi c h p re

va i le d wi t h t he Inc a s, t heir rela t i o ns, a nd t h e
t en b t a ine d fo r t hem t he na m e o f H a mm
a gllus, o

mnc m gr ea t ea r e d p p l w h i ch h
’ '

1
yo c or , eo -
e t e ,

Sp ani a rds t urn e d i nt o Greg /bit es T he lat t e r w o rd .

is c o nst a nt ly o c c ur ri ng in t h e ea rly c hr o ni c les

a nd na rr a t iv es a nd is a c o nv enient w o rd t o use in
,

writ i ng o f t he Inc a no b les The Inc as a nd t heir .

Greyones t h en by t h eir gr ea t er p o w er a nd c ivi li sa

'

, ,

t i o n a n d t h eir pr est ig e a s c hildr en o f t he sun

, ,

h a d a t t a i ne d t o a c er t a i n pr e d o mina nc e o v er mo st
o f t he n eighb o uri ng t rib es Yet so me st o ut ly .

m a i nt a in e d i nd ep end enc e e ven wi t hin a d o z en ,

miles o f C uzc o a nd so me like t he A ya marc as w er e

, , ,

h o st i le a nd d efi a nt .

1Oco llasca R incri, b o re d ea rs cco lla me a ns t e nd er, but c ca lla

w o und e d .
 CHAPT E R VI
T H E ST OLEN CH IL D

A S T R A N G E a nd unlo c k e d fo r
v e nt c a st a sha do w
-
e ,

t ho ugh o nly fo r a bri e f p e ri o d o v e r t h e I nc a ,

R o c c a s li fe H e h a d m a rri e d a v ery b ea ut i ful

’
.

girl na m e d Mi c a y t h e d a ught er o f a neighb o uring

,

c hi e f w h o r ule d o v e r a sm a ll t rib e c a lle d P A T A

H U A Y LLA CA N 1
Sh e w a s t h e m o t h er o f fo ur pri nc es :
.

Cusi Hua lp a t he h eir P a uc a r H ua m a n a nd

, , , ,

Vic a quirau t h e fut ur e g enera l

, .

We are t o ld t h a t Mi c a y t he Inc a s wi fe ha d
’

, ,

pr evi o usly b een pr o mise d by her fa t her t o T o c a y

Cc a p a c t h e p o wer ful c hief o f t he A ya m arc as a
, ,

m uc h m o r e num er o us t rib e t h a n t he H ua ylla c a ns .

H er m a rri a ge wi t h t he Inc a c a use d a d ea dly feud

b et ween t h o se t w o t rib es H o st i li t i es were c o n .

t inued fo r a lo ng t i m e a nd a t la st t h e H uayllac a ns
,

pr a ye d fo r p e a c e It w a s gr ant e d but wi t h a sec re t

.
,

c la use t h a t t h e c hi e f o f t h e H ua ylla c a ns w o uld

e nt i c e a w a y t h e I nc a s e ld est so n a nd h eir
’
a nd ,

d eliv er him i nt o t he h a nds o f his fa t h er s enem y ’

t h e c hi e f o f t h e A y a m arc as If t hi s c o ndit i o n .

w as no t c o m p li e d wi t h T o c ay Cc a p a c d ec la r e d
,

t h a t h e w o uld c o nt i nue t he w ar un t i l t he H ua y
llac a ns w ere b lo t t e d o ut o f e xi st enc e .

H u yll g
1 a n f ha, ree h i , re s ca n , e s .

68
 TH E H EIR OF INCA R OCCA 69

These Aya marc a s w er e a t o ne t i me a v ery l

p o we rful t rib e in a m o unt a ino us regi o n a b o ut

,

t we nt y mi les SSW o f Cuz c o ; w hi le t h e H ua y .

llac a ns w e re in a fert i le v a lle y b et we en t h e

A ya m a rc a s a nd t ha t c i t y .

In a c c o rda nc e wi t h t he a gr eem ent a t r e a c h er o us ,

p lo t w a s la id A n ea rnest re quest w a s sent t o

.

t he Inc a t ha t his heir t he y o ung Cusi H ua lp a , ,

m ight be a llo w e d t o vi si t his m o t h er s r ela t i o ns

’

so a s t o b e c o m e a c qua i nt e d wi t h t h em Q ui t e .

unsuspi c i o us t h e Inc a c o nsent e d a nd sent t he

,

c h i ld w h o w as t h en a b o ut e ight y ea rs o f a ge
, ,

t o MICU CAN CH A o r PA ULU t h e c hi e f p lac e o f t he

, ,

H ua ylla c a ns wi t h a b o ut t w ent y a t t enda nt s

,
T he .

y o ung princ e w as rec eive d wi t h gr ea t fest ivi t i es ,

whic h la st e d fo r sever a l d a ys It w a s summer t i m e . .

T he sun w a s sc o rc hing a nd t he c hild p a sse d hi s t i m e ,

in a v er a nd a h o r t re lli s w o rk c a lle d a m p a c o v er e d , ,

wi t h bright flo w ers .

One d a y it w as a nno un c e d t ha t t h e wh o le t rib e

must m a r c h t o so m e di st a nc e t o ha rv est t he c r o p s .

As it w as st i ll v ery ho t t he H ua ylla c a n c hi e f ,

i nsi st e d t h a t t he y o ung princ e sho uld r em a i n in

t he sh a de a nd no t ac c o mp a ny t he h a rv est er s w ho
, ,

ha d t o go a c o nsid er a b le di st anc e un d e r t he b la zi ng
T h e pri nc e s a t t end a nt s c o nsent e d a nd a ll
’
sun .
,

M m i
1 t
a a ill g
s a hill A y w t h t it l
e rra c e o r a v a e on a . ar as e e

o f M d hi b t h
a nc o an But Ci d L
s ro G il d l
ers. ez a e eo n , arc a sso e a

V g S mi t
e a, ar d S l m yh u l v
en o , anut t h It t h
a ca a a ea e o e 7. en

b m A y d d Th m t h f O t b w
e co es a, ea .
’
ll d A y me on o c o er as c a e a a rca

R g/ mi M li
a , y b u th Ay m
o na sa h ld t h i hi f f t iv l
s, ec a se e a ar c a s e e r c e es a

in t h t m nt h
a o .
70 H AR V ST SONG E
t h e t rib e, y o ung b o ys a nd girls ma rc hed up
o ld a nd , ,

t he hi lls t o t he h a rv est i ng si ngi ng so ngs wi t h ,

c ho r uses A ll w as brigh t sun sh i ne a n d t he ir

.
,

haylli o r ha rv e st so ng w a s in pr a i se o f t h e sh a d e
, ,

Seek t h e sh a d o w , se e k t he sh a de ,

H id e us in t h e b lessed sha de .

Yahaha ha ,
Ya h a h a .

Wh ere is it 2 w h ere , w h ere , 0 w h ere

‘
2

H ere it is, here , h ere , O here .

Ya ha ha h a ,

Ya hah a .

W ere t h e p re y c a ntut b lo o ms,

h t t 1

Wh ere t h e chihua s 9 flo w er smiles,

’

Where t he sw eet ma nca y 3 d ro o p s

a .

Ya ha h a ha ,

Ya ha ha .

T here it is t h ere , t h ere , 0 t here

Yes, w e a nsw er, t h er e , 0 t h ere .

Ya hah ah a ,

Ya hah a
’
.

T he c h i ld li st ene d t o t he so unds o f si ngi ng

a s t he h a rv est e rs p a sse d a w a y o ut o f sight , a nd

t h en p la y e d a m o ng t h e fl o w e r s, surr o un d e d by
his p erso na l a t t en d a nt s T he p lac e w a s ent ire ly
.

d eser t e d When t he so und o f t h e singers ha d di ed

.

a w a y in t h e di st a nc e t h er e w a s pr o fo und si le nc e .

Sudd enly wi t h o ut t he sligh t e st w a rni ng t h e wa r c ry

, ,

1 Pa r ip hra gmos uniflor a a p h lo x .

9 Chihua yhua , a c a lc e o la ria . Chihua is a so r t o f t h uh

r s .

A ma nca y , A ma ryllz s
'

3 a ur ea
72 TH E P R IN CE W EE PS B LOO D
Ya kua r huaccac ! Ya huar hua cc a c ! H e weep s
‘

b lo o d t he y sho ut e d in ho rr o r H is c urse a nd
,
’
.

t his unhe a rd o f p h eno m eno n fi lle d t h e A ya m arc a s

-

wit h sup erst i t i o us fea r T hey r ec o i le d fro m t he

.

mur d er . T o c a y Cc ap a c a nd hi s p eo p le t ho ught
t h a t t h e c ur se fr o m so y o ung a c h i ld a nd t he t ea r s
o f b lo o d b et o k ene d so m e gr e a t m y st ery T hey .

d a re d no t ki ll him H e st o o d up in t heir m idst

.

unhur t .

T o c a y Cc ap a c sa w t ha t his p e o p le w o uld no t
ki ll t he y o ung pri nc e t hen o r wi t h t he ir o w n ha nd s
,

at an
y t i m e y e t h e did no t giv e up his i nt e nt i o n
,

o f gr a t i fyi ng his t hir st fo r v eng ea nc e H e r eso lv e d .

t o t a k e t h e c hi ld s life by a c o urse o f st a rva t i o n a nd

’

e xp o sur e H e ga v e him i nt o t h e c h a rge o f sh ep

.

h e rds w h o t en d e d fl o c k s o f lla m a s o n t h e lo ft y
he ight o v erlo o ki ng t he gr ea t p la in o f Surit i, wh er e
t h e c li m a t e is e x c ee di ngly rig o r o us T he shep .

h erds h a d o rd er s t o r e duc e his fo o d , d a y by d a y ,

un t il h e di e d .

Y o un g C usi H ualp a ha d t he gi ft o f maki ng

fri end s .T he shep he rd s did no t st a rv e him ,
t h o ugh fo r a y ea r h e w a s exp o se d t o gre a t ha rd
sh ip s. No d o ub t h o w ev e r t h e li fe he le d o n t ho se
, ,

fr o z en h eight s i mpr o v e d his he a lt h a nd i nvig o r a t e d

his fr a m e .

Th e I nc a w as t o ld t h a t his so n ha d m yst eri o usly

di sa pp ea re d a nd t ha t his a t t enda nt s w ere a lso
,

mi ssi ng T h e H ua y lla c a n c hi e f expr esse d so rr o w ,

.

a n d pr e t e n d e d t ha t di ligent sea r c hes ha d b een

ma d e . Inc a R o c c a susp ec t e d t he Aya ma rc a s, but
 RE SCUE OF T H E P R INCE 73

did no t t he n k t hem lest if t he c hi ld w a s

at t ac , ,

a liv e t h e y m ig h t ki ll him
,
A s t i m e w e nt o n t h e .

b er e a v e d fa t her b eg a n t o de sp a ir o f e v er seei ng
his b elo v e d so n a g a in .

M ea nwhile t he pri nc e w as well wa t c he d by t he

shep he rd s a nd by a st r o ng g ua rd w h i c h h a d b e e n ,

sent t o e nsur e his r em a i ning in un k n o wn c a p t ivi t y .

B ut he lp w as a t ha nd One o f t h e c o nc ubines o f
.

T o c a y Cc a p a c na m e d Chim p u Ur ma o r
‘

,
t he ,

fa llen h a lo h a d pr o b a bly b e en a wi t ness o f t h e

’

i m pr essiv e sc ene wh en t h e c hi ld w ep t b lo o d A t .

a ll e v ent s sh e w a s fi lle d wi t h pi t y a n d t h e d e sir e

,

t o b e fri end t h e fo rlo rn pri nc e She w a s a na t iv e .

o f Ant a a sm a ll t o wn a t n o gr ea t di st a nc e fr o m
,

Cuz c o A s a fri en d o f T o c a y Cc a p a c she w a s fr ee

.

t o g o whe r e she lik e d wi t hin hi s d o m i nio ns a nd

,

t h o se o f t he c hi e f o f An t a w h o w a s h er fa t h e r ,
.

Chimp u Ur m a p er sua d e d her r ela t i o ns a nd

fri end s a t Ant a t o j o i n wi t h her in a n a t t em p t t o
resc ue t he yo un g pri nc e It ha d b een a rra nge d .

by t he shep he rds a nd gua rds t ha t o n a c ert a in d a y , ,

so m e b o y s i nc luding C usi H ua lp a sh o uld h a v e a

, ,

rac e up t o t he t o p o f a hill in fr o nt o f t h e shep herds ’

hut s . H ea ring t hi s Chimp u Ur m a st a t i o ne d he r

,

fri end s fr o m Ant a w e ll a rm e d o n t h e o t her sid e

, ,

o f t he sa m e hi ll The r a c e w a s st a r t e d a nd t h e
.
,

princ e r eac he d t he summit fir st whe r e he w as ,

t a k en up in t h e a rm s o f hi s An t a fri end s w ho m a d e ,

a r a pid r e t r ea t Th e o t he r b o ys ga v e t h e a la rm
.
,

a nd t he j a i ler s sh ep he rd s a nd gua rd s fo llo w e d in

( )
c h ase . On t h e b ank s o f a sma ll la k e c a lled
74 T H E CH I EF o r A NT A

H y punu, t he m en
ua lla -
Ant a finding t h a t t hey
of ,

w ere b eing o v er t a k en m a de a st a n d T here w a s

,
.

a fi er c e b a t t le w hi c h r esult e d in t h e t o t a l d e fea t o f
,

t h e A y a m a rc a s T he m en o f Ant a c o nt i nue d t h e ir
.

j o urney a nd bro ught t he princ e sa fely t o t heir

,

t o wn w he r e h e w a s r ec e iv e d wi t h gr eat r ej o i c i ngs
,
.

C usi Hua lp a quit e w o n t h e hea rt s o f t he p e o p le

o f An t a .T hey c o ul d no t b ea r t o p a rt wi t h him ,

a nd t h e y k ep t him wi t h gr ea t se c r e c y d ela yi ng t o ,

sen d t h e j o y ful n e w s t o t h e Inc a Ant a is a sm a ll .

t o wn b uilt up t h e sid e o f a bill whi c h bo un d s t h e

‘

v a st p la in o f Surit i t o t he so ut h T her e is a .

glo ri o us vi ew fr o m it but t h e c lima t e is sever e

,
.

A t la st a ft er nea r ly a y ea r t h e Ant a p eo p le sent

, ,

m esseng ers t o i nfo rm t h e I nc a Th e c hild h a d b e en

.

given up fo r lo st A ll ho p e ha d b een a b a ndo ned

. .

R o c c a ex a mine d t h e m esseng ers him self but st ill ,

h e felt d o ub t H e fea r e d t h e news w a s t o o g o o d

.

t o be t rue .H e sec r et ly sent a m a n he c o uld t rust ,

as o ne se eki ng c h a ri t y t o Ant a t o fi nd o ut t h e t rut h

, ,
.

T h e I nc a s emi ssa ry r et ur ne d wi t h a ssur a nc es

’

t ha t t h e y o ung pri nc e w a s c ert a i nly lib er a t ed a nd ,

w a s a t A nt a .

T h e I nc a a t last g a v e w a y t o r ej o i c i ng a ll d o ub t ,

b ei ng r emo ve d Pri nc ip a l lo rds wer e sent wi t h

.

ri c h pr esent s o f go ld a nd si lve r t o t he c hi ef o f Ant a ,

r e quest i ng him t o send b ac k t he heir t o t he t hro ne .

T h e c hief r ep li e d t h a t a ll hi s p e o p le wi sh e d t h a t
C usi H ua lp a c o uld rema in fo r t hey felt m uc h lo v e
,

fo r t he bo y yet t he y w ere b o und t o r est o re him

,

t o his fa t h er H e de c line d t o r ece iv e t he pr e sent s

.
,
76 INCA UIRA -
COCH A

a nne xa t io n A s t he fa me o f t h e g enera ls spr e a d

.
,

t he gr ea t er
num b er o f t rib es sub m i t t ed wi t h o ut

r esi st a nc e T ho se w h o r esi st ed were m a d e t errib le

.

e x a mp les o f a nd if nec e ssa ry a g a rri so n w a s le ft

,

in t he ir prin c ip a l p la c e T h e A ya m arc a s w er e .

ent irely c rush e d T hus t he In c a r ea lm w a s e very

.

yea r ext end ed a nd a t t he sa m e t ime c o nso lida t e d

,
.

C usi Hua lp a h a d fi v e so ns : Pa huac Hua lp a

Ma yt a so na m e d fr o m his a gilit y as a runn er ;
,
1

H a t un T up a c Vic c hu T up a c Ma rc a Yut u a nd
, , ,
2
“

R o c c a T he H ua ylla c a ns uni mpresse d by t he

.
,

p a rdo n fo r t he ir fo rm er t reac h ery c o nspire d t o ,

m a k e M a rc a Yut u t he suc c esso r o f his fa t he r ,

b ec a use he w a s m o re nea rly r ela t e d t o t heir c hief .

Wi t h t his o bj ec t t h ey ent i c e d Pa hua c Hua lp a int o

t he ir p o w er a n d m urd e r e d hi m Fo r t hi s t her e .

c o uld be no fo rgiv ene ss a n d t h e t rib e w a s ent ir ely

,

wip e d o ut o f exi st enc e by t h e Inc a s g enera ls ’

.

Th e sec o nd so n H a t un T up a c t h en b ec a m e t h e he ir
, ,
.

Th e new h eir t o t he t hr o ne h a d r a t he r b la s ,

p h e m o u sl a dd e d t o his r e a l na me o f H a t un T up a c
y , ,

t he sur na me o f Uir a c o c ha w hi c h w as t ha t o f t he
-
,

D e i t y One r e a so n t ha t is giv en w a s t ha t b ei ng a t
.
,

Urc o s a t o wn a b o ut t went y fi v e m i les so ut h o f

,
-

C uz c o a vi si o n o f t he D ei t y a pp ea r ed t o him in a
,

drea m When he rela t e d his exp eri enc e t o his

.

a t t e nd a nt s nex t m o rni ng his t ut o r na m e d H ua lp a

, ,

R imac hi o ffer e d c o ngra t ula t i o ns a nd ha i le d t he

,

y o ung pri nc e a s Inc a Uira c o c h a Ot hers say t ha t -

.

h e t o o k t he na m e b e c a use he a d o p t e d t he D ei t y
1 Pa kna m , I run
'

. H illsid e p a rt rid ge .
 SONS OF UIRA -
COCH A 77

as go d fa t he r when he w a s a rm e d a nd w ent
his ,

t h r o ugh o t h er c e re m o ni es a t t h e fe st iv a l o f
H ua ra c hic u B e t h i s h o w it m a y h e a lwa ys c a lle d
.
,

hi m self U ir a c o c ha H is fa t her mindful o f t h e

-
.
,

d eb t o f gra t it ude he o we d t o t he p eo p le o f Ant a ,

m a rri e d his he ir t o a d a ught e r o f t heir c hi ef a nd ,

ni ec e o f his d eliv er e r Chim p u U r m a The la dy s

’
.
,

na me w a s R un t u c a ya
— 1
.

In t h e fuln ess o f t ime C usi H ua lp a ( Ya hua r .

H ua c c a c ) w a s suc c ee de d by his so n H a t un T up a c ,

c a lli ng him self U ir a c o c h a T he p o li c y o f t he t w o

-
.

grea t g enera ls w a s c o nt inue d a nd t he wh o le r egi on ,

b et ween t he riv ers Ap ur im ac a nd Vilc a m a yu ,

t he Inc a r e gi o n w a s a nn ex e d a nd c o nso lida t e d

,

i nt o o ne rea hn unde r t he Inc a The na m es o f .

Uira c o c h a s so ns by R unt u c a ya w er e R o c c a
’
- -
,

T up a c a nd C usi 3 By a b ea ut i ful c o nc ubi ne

,
.
!

na m e d C ouri c hulp a t h e I nc a h a d t w o o t h e r so ns
-

na m e d Ur c o a nd Suc so Fo r t h e sa k e o f Cc ur i .

c hulp a h e fa v o ur e d h er c hi ldr en a nd e v en d e c la r e d ,

t he b a st a rd U rc o t o be his h eir H is e ld est so n .

w as a v a li ant y o un g w a rri o r t r a i ne d in t h e sc h o o l ,

o f Vic a qu ira u a nd A p u M a yt a a nd wh en his , ,

a e w as suffi c i ent t his pri nc e R o c c a b e c a m e t h e ir

g ,

c o lle a gue Cus i w a s t he m o st pr o mi si ng y o ut h

.

o f t he ri sing gene r a t i o n en d o w e d wi t h r a r e gi ft s , ,

b ea ut i ful in fo rm a nd feat ure o f da unt less c o ura ge ,

a nd univ er sa lly b elo v e d .

1 B a ntu ,
a n egg, a nd Ca ya , a p a rt ic le c o n v y ing
e an a b st ra c t id e a ,
as R a na , a ma n ; R a na a a, hum a nit y: R un tu ,
an egg ; R a n ia
Ga ga , o v al fa c e .
2 J yful
o .
 CHAPT E R VII
E M PIR E

T H E la n d of t he Inc a s ! t he la n d
v er eign of t he so

c it y t he la n d o f t he sac r e d v a le The la n d c o n
v ert e d fr o m t he ho m e o f m a ny c ont ending t rib es ,

t o a r ea lm o b e di ent t o o n e king a nd lo rd T hi s .

c h a n g e h a d b e en d ue t o t he gr e a t mili t a ry ski ll a nd

a d mi nist r a t iv e a bi li t y o f t h e t w o g ene r a ls Ap u ,

M a yt a a nd Vic a quirau It w as a wo rk o f m a ny .

y ea rs but it w a s c o mp let ed
,
.

Th e la nd o f t h e Inc a s w a s 25 0 miles in leng t h

by 60 in widt h It is b o und ed o n it s w est ern
.

sid e by t he riv e r Ap ur i ma c c hi e f o f t he sp e a ki ng
,

w a t er s ,
1 ’
d a shing do wn a pr o fo un d r a vine wi t h
prec ipi t o us sid es On t he e a st w a s t he Vilc a ma yu
.
,

t he sa c r e d riv e r 2
fl o wing fro m t he sa c r ed la k e
,
’

( V ilc a u n ut a ) a t t h e f o o t o f t h e l o ft y sn o wy p e a k
wh i c h is vi sib le fro m Cuz c o ri si ng ma j est i c a lly ,

i nt o t he a zur e sky Unlike t he Ap uri ma c t he

.
,

Vilc a mayu irrig a t es a wid e a nd fer t i le v a lle y

unsurp a sse d fo r b e a ut y in t h e wi d e w o r ld To .

t he so ut h t h i s c la ssi c la nd is sep a r a t e d fr o m t h e

l A p u, c hi fe R ima c, s p ea k e r, o ra c le .

Vilc a ,
sa c r ed ; M a ya , r iv e r.

78
 T H E LA N D o r TH E INCA s 79

b asin o f L a ke Ti t i c a c a by t he kno t o f Vi lc a no t a ,

w hi c h c o nnec t s t h e e ast ern a nd m a rit i me c o rdillera s .

T o t he no rt h t h e wild m o un t a ins o f Vilc a p a mp a

fina lly sink do wn i nt o t he t ro pi c a l Ama z o ni a n
fo r e st s .

B e t w een t he rivers t her e are fo ur z o nes in ,

whic h t he asp ec t s o f t he la nd differ ma i nly o wi ng ,

t o v a ryi n g e le v a t i o ns a b o v e t h e sea T o t h e so ut h .

t h e r e is a v a st e x t ent o f lo ft y t a b lela nd wi t h a ,

v ery rigo ro us c li m a t e wh er e t her e wer e flo c k s o f

,

lla m a s so m e sc a t t er e d vi ll a ges a nd a few la rge

, ,

la k es. Nex t t o t he no r t h is t h e r egi o n o f mo un

, ,

t a i ns a nd v a lle ys wi t h dr a i na g e t o t h e t w o riv e rs .

T his w a s t he m o st densely i nha bi t e d z o ne yi eldin g ,

c r o p s o f m a iz e a nd o f e dib le r o o t s In it s c ent r e .

is Cuz c o wi t h it s t w o t o rr ent s o f H ua t a nay a nd

,

T ulum a yu un i t i ng a nd t h en fl o w i ng d o wn it s lo ng
,

v a lley t o j o i n t he sa c r e d riv er T here wer e o t he r .

v a lleys wi t h pi c t ur esque la k es a nd r a vin es fi lle d ,

wi t h t rees a nd fl o wering bush es Th e la k es wer e

. .

fr e quent e d by a la rg e g o o se ( hua lla ta ) t w o duc k s

fl
,

( n a fi u m a a n d h ua c h a a ) a m in g o
, e s c r a n es h e r o ns, , ,

e gr e t s a nd a b la c k ibi s a s w e ll a s t h e An d ea n g ull
, ,

(g u e llu a ) T. h e s id e s o f t h e h i ll s w er e o c c upi e d by

t e rr a c e d c ult iv a t i o n but a b o v e t h e t e rr a c es t h e
,

slo p e s w er e fre quent e d by p a r t ridg e s

( g m) a nd
u
qua i ls ( oka y) p lo ver ( llecc o llecco) a nd t he Ande a n
,
-

ha r e o r uz sca cha So met i m e s a c o ndo r might be

’

m a d e o ut far up in t h e sky lik e a b la c k sp e c k

, , ,

while e a gle s ( a nca ) a nd fa lc o ns ( a lca ma m a nd ’

hua ma n) a re o c c a si o na lly see n so a ri ng in mid ,

 80 T H E LAND OF T H E INCA S

a ir. Ot h er birds , at t h ese gr ea t e le va t i o ns , ar e t he

kz ka a , so r t o f t hrush , t h e c ha n r w
' ' ’

c a
guz rz or c o

fl
,

a nd a fe w of t he n h c t rib e .

In t his ry o f la k e s a nd w ell w a t er e d
c o un t -

r a vi nes w a s t h e T a m p u t o c c o dist ri c t o n t he -
,

Ap uri m ac side whenc e t h e Ay a r M a nc o ma rc hed

,

t o Cuz c o H er e t o o wer e t h e t erri t o ri es o f t he

.
, ,

Muyn a s Pina h ua s H ua ylla c a ns Ca nc hi s C a vi na s

, , , , ,

A y a m a rc a s a nd o t h e r t rib es
,
T h e gr ea t ele v a t i o n
.

o n ly a d mi t t e d o f a so m ewh a t lo w ly fl o r a Yet it .

is t h e n a t iv e p la c e o f t h e gr a c e ful S c hinus mo llit ree ,

wi t h it s pi nna t e lea ves a nd b un c hes o f red b erri es .

Wi t h it t her e a re sever a l la rge fl o w ering b ushes

c a lle d c kz lc a c o mp o si t ae b elo nging t o B a cc ka ms
’ '

M o lina a nd Eup a t orium, a nd t a sta ( S t er eow lo n

y
p a t ens ) Hi
. gh e r up a r e t h e qu efi aa , c c o lli a nd ,

q u isuar t r e e s a nd t h e t o la b ush a lr e a dy d esc rib e d

, .

T her e are ferns t o o a nd m a ny wi ld flo w ers C hi ef

,
.

a m o ng t h em r a nk e d t h e g o ld en li ly ( A ma r llis
y
a urea ) a nd a r e d li li a c eo us fl o w e r Th e ca nt ut w a s .

a bright c o lo ur e d p hlo x
-
m uc h use d fo r ga rla nd s
, .

T h e m e a d o ws a nd r a vi nes w er e a lso enliv ene d by

sa lvi a s v a le ri a ns c a lc e o la ri a s
, , lupi ns so m e la rge , ,

y ello w c o m p o si t ae a c o nv o lvulus a t ro p oeo lum

, , ,

a nd m a ny h e rb s use d m e di c i na lly .

Ab o ve t hese p lea sa nt v a lleys a nd o n ei t he r ,

sid e o f C uz c o a re t w o lo ft y p la t e a ux d eso la t e a nd
, ,

fr e quent e d o nly by sh ep h erd s a nd t heir fl o c k s .

B et wee n t he c i t y a nd t he Vilc a ma yu v a lley is t he

high la nd o f C hi t a On t h e Ap uri m a c sid e is t he
.

wi ld r egi o n whi t her t he kidna pp e d pri nc e w as sent

82 TH E VA LE OF VILCA M A YU

of t he wy p ea k o f Vilc a fi o t a t he va lley o f
sno ,

Vilc ama yu i nc r ea ses in fert i lit y a nd b ea ut y a s t he

riv er d esc ends T he m o st lo v ely p art is fro m
.

Pissac t o Olla nt ay t a mp u wher e t h e might y Ande s

-
,

sen d s u it sn o wy p e a k s o n o ne sid e a nd rec i i

p s p p ,

t o us c li ffs b o un d t he o t h e r T h e gr o v es o f fine .

t r ees are a liv e wi t h si ngi n g birds t h e c heco llo wi t h - —

,

a so ng lik e o ur night i nga le t h e pr e t t y t u a s a nd

y ,

c ka nas t h e brigh t p lum a g e d cca ma nt im a nd c ho c

y
-
,

c la oc c o cki a nd t h e coc ut a o r hum ming bird H er e

'

p
- -
.
, , ,

t o o are d o v es a nd pig eo ns t h e urp i a nd ca llcu

, , ,

a nd t h e g o ld en br ea st e d u it u -
T h e r e ar e a lso
g .

ma ny sm a ll gr e en p a r o que t s In t he v a lley are .

r a i sed sp lendid c r o p s o f m a iz e une qua lle d else ,

w her e gr o wn o n t err a c es a rra nge d in p a t t erns a nd

, ,

t he frui t g a rd ens a re fi lle d wit h ckz rimoya p a lta

’

, ,

la ca ma a nd p a cc a y t re es up wh i c h t wi ne t h e
, ,

p a ssi o n fl o w ers wi t h t heir r efreshing fr uit In t hi s .

enc h a nt i ng v a lle y t h e I nc a s h a d t h e ir m o st d e light

ful c o unt ry p a la c e o f Yuc a y wi t h e x t ensiv e b a t hs ,

a nd g a rd ens Th e wid e w o r ld m igh t be sea r c he d

.

wi t ho ut finding a riv a l in enc hant ing b ea ut y t o , ,

t h e sac r e d v a lley o f t h e Inc as .

T h e m o st no r t h ern z o ne is o c c upi e d by t he wi ld
m o un t a i no us dist ri c t o f Vilc ap a mp a b et w een t he ,

t w o riv ers h er e fo r t y mi les a p a r t

, .

T hi s la nd o f t he Inc a s ha d b een bro ugh t unde r

a se t t le d g o v er nm ent a nd t he r e w a s a br ea t hing
,

t i me o f p e a c e B ut int rigue a nd dis c o nt ent w e re

.

ri fe in Cuzc o U ira c o c ha Inc a w ho wa s o ld

.
-
,

a nd w ho lly und e r t h e i nfl uenc e o f his c o nc ubi ne

 T H E CH A NCA CONF EDERA CY 83

Cc uri c hulp a , ha d p asse d o v er a ll his legi t i ma t e so ns,

-

a nd d e c la r e d t he b ast a rd Ur c o t o be his h eir . T he

t w o v e t e ra n g e ner a ls, A p u M a y t a a nd Vic a quira u,
a nd t h e legi t i m a t e so ns, w er e r eso lv e d t h a t t h i s

sh o uld no t be . T here w a s int erna l t r o ub le a hea d ,

but muc h grea t er d a ng er t hr ea t ene d fr o m wi t ho ut .

Whi le t he Inc a s w er e c o nso lida t ing t h eir rule b et ween

t he t w o riv e r s t he h ea ds o f o t h e r c o nfe d er a c i es
,

w er e d o i ng t he sa me elsewhere T he m o st fo rmid
.

a b le c o nfe d er a c y w a s t h a t o f t he C ha nc a s . T he
fo und er s o f t hi s p o wer ful kingdo m w e re t w o c h i e fs
na m e d Usc o v ilc a a n d A nc o v ilc a .T h ey est a b li she d
t h e ir pri nc ip a l sea t in t h e e x t ensiv e a nd fe r t i le
va lley o f Anda hua yla s a nd t heir desc enda nt s ha d
,

c o n quer e d t h e gr ea t e r p a r t o f t h e w est e rn a nd

no r t h e rn di st ri c t s o f t he An d es
. Th e Chanc a c hi efs
w er e wa rlike a nd a mbi t i o us, a nd t hey ha d a grea t
mili t a ry fo rc e a t t h eir c o mm a nd .

T he c h i e fs o f t h e Ch a nc a s w er e t w o br o t her s
na me d A st o hua r ac a a nd T o m ay huara c a , pr o ud
- ~

a nd inso lent w a rri o r s w h o c o ul d no t e nd ur e t h e

e xi st enc e o f a ny neigh b o ur s w h o m a i nt a in e d t h eir

ind ep endenc e T h e river Ap ur ima c sep a r a t e d t heir

.

t e rri t o ry fr o m t h a t o f t h e c hildr en o f t he sun ,

a nd t h e y r e so lv e d t o bri ng t he Inc a un d e r subj e c t i o n

.

T he y sent a m essenger t o Cuz c o dema ndi ng sub

missi o n, a nd , wi t ho ut w a i t i ng fo r a n a nsw er, t he y
c r o sse d t h e Ap uri m ac wi t h a num ero us a rmy,
a dv a nc i ng o v er t he gr ea t p la i n o f Sur it i o r Yc hu

p a mp a In t heir wa rs t h e Ch a nc a s c a rri e d a n
.

i mage o f t heir fo under, Usc o v ilc a in fr o nt o f t he

,

a 2
84 F LIG H T or UIRA -
COCH A

a rm y b ec a use it ha d hi t hert o a lwa ys led t hem t o

,

vi c t o ry T hey c a lled it AN CO A Y LLU

. .

T h e news o f t h e r a pid a ppr o a c h o f t hi s fo rmid

a b le a r m y spr e a d c o nst ern a t i o n in C uz c o in t he ,

mid st o f t he i nt rigues a b o ut t h e suc c e ssi o n o f Ur c o .

T he o ld Inc a ha d n o t t he c o ur a g e t o fac e t he enem y ,

a nd r eso lv e d up o n fligh t t o a st r o ngly fo r t ifi e d

p o si t i o n c a lle d Ca quia Sa quis a hua na o v erlo o ki ng

,
-
,

Pissa c in t h e v a lle y H is w a y t o o k him o v er t h e

.

highla nd s o f Ch i t a H is i llegi t i m a t e so ns Ur c o
a nd Suc so fl
.
,

e d wi t h him a nd a gr e a t fo llo wi ng o f
, ,

Or ej o nes a nd t heir fa mili es Cuz c o w a s d esert e d

.

a n d le ft t o it s fa t e Th e Inc a e nc a mp e d o n t h e
.

p la t ea u o f Chi t a t o a wa it e v ent s b efo r e fina lly ,

shut t i ng h i m self u in C a uia Sa uis a hua na H

p q q e -
.

ha d h o p es fr o m neg o t i a t i o n wi t h t h e Cha nc as .

T he t w o o ld g ener a ls a nd t he legi t i m a t e so ns
r efuse d t o lea ve Cuz c o Th e y dec la re d t ha t t hey
.

wo uld die in d efenc e o f t heir h o m es a nd o f t he ,

go ds o f t heir p eo p le T hr ee o t her c hi efs r emai ne d

.

wi t h t hem but a ll t he fo rc e t hey c o uld c o llec t

,

c o nsi st e d o f li t t le m o r e t ha n t h eir o w n p er so na l

fo llo w ers .

Wh o w a s t o c o mm a nd t his fo rlo rn ho p e 2 T here

w a s no t a d a y t o lo se T he enemy w a s a lmo st a t
.

t h e g a t es .T h e g ener a ls d ec la r e d fo r t he y o ungest
o f t h e I nc a s so ns Pri n c e C usi w h o h a d j ust r e a c h e d
’

, ,

his t w ent i e t h yea r H e w a s a c h ild o f d est i ny

. .

R o c c a ha d la id t he fo und a t i o ns Cusi w a s t he .

b ui lder o f t he empir e It w a s a r ema rk a b le .

t est i mo ny t o his g eni us t ha t no t o nly t he o ld ,

86 DE F E A T OF T H E CH A NCA S

m a d e a ll t h e pr ep a ra t i o ns t h a t w er e p o ssib le wi t h
t h e sm a ll m ea ns a t his c o mm a nd C usi r et ir e d t o
,

a lo nely p la c e t o pr a y t o his o d T h er e is a fo unt a in

g .

c a ll e d t h e SU S U R P U Q U IO, b e t w e en I sc uc h a c a a nd

Cuzc o a sec lud e d sp o t wh er e a st r ea m sh a de d by

, ,

m o lle t r ees fa lls o v e r so m e r o c k s

, H ere Princ e
.

C usi knelt in pr a y er H e ha d a vi si o n A figur e,

. .

r esp lend ent a nd d a zz ling, a pp ea r e d t o him in t he

a ir, w h i c h h e kn e w t o be his fa t h er t h e sun He .

w as c o nso le d a n d a ni m a t e d fo r t h e b a t t le, wi t h t h e
assur a nc e t h a t h e w o uld c o n que r t h e C h a nc a s The .

pri nc e r e t ur ne d t o his fo llo wers, a nd i m p a r t e d t o

t h em t h e ent h usi asm by wh i c h h e w as h i m self
i nspire d A numb er o f v a ssa ls c a me fro m a
.

dist a nc e but m o r e i nc li ne d t o lo o k o n t h a n t o
,

fight T hey t o o k t o t he hills t o wa t c h t he e vent

. .

T h e C h anc a s a dv a nc e d in gre a t num b ers full ,

o f c o nfid enc e ,
wi t h o ut o rder , a nd exp ec t i ng lit t le
o r no r esi st a nc e . One o f t h e sc o ut s sent by Ur c o
H ua ra nc a r ush e d i nt o t he pri nc e s pr esenc e c ryi ng
’

T o a rm s ! T o a rm s ! T h e fo e is up o n us
‘ ’
T he.

C h a nc a s we r e ent eri ng Cuz c o , but m et wit h a st ub

b o rn resi st a nc e in t he Quillisc a nc h a sub urb Pri nc e .

C usi w a s r ea dy, a nd a ll his p la ns were la id Fo l .

lo w e d c lo sely by t h e a g e d g enera ls h is e ld er br o t hers,

,

a nd t h e ir fo llo w e r s in a c o m p ac t p h a la nx , h e m a d e
,

a sudd en a n d furi o us fl a nk a t t ac k , fo r c i ng h is w a
y
in lik e a w e dg e a nd m a ki ng st r a ight fo r t h e st a t ue
,

a nd st a n d a rd o f Usc o v ilc a Whi le a furi o us b a t t le

.

w a s r a gi ng in t h e sub urb , A st o hua r a c a a n d T o ma y

-

h ua r a c a r a lli e d t h e ir gua rd s t o d efend t h eir st a nd a rd .

 P RIN CE CU SI H A ILED A S PA CH A CUT I 87

But t he fl a nk a t t a c k w a s so furi o us a nd so
well sust a ine d t ha t t he Cha nc a s wer e a m a z ed and
,

t h r o wn i nt o c o nfusi o n Princ e Cusi w a s so d ex

.

t ero us wi t h his w e a p o n t h a t no o ne c o ul d r esi st

him a n d h e h ew e d his w a y st r a ight fo r t h e st a nd a rd
, .

H e w a s a b ly sust a ine d by his fo llo w er s a n d t h er e ,

w a s gr ea t h a v o c T he C hanc a c hi efs lo st h e a r t
.

a nd o rd er e d a r et r e a t .

When t he c ro wds o f r ec r ea nt vassa ls o n t he

hills saw t hi s t h ey c am e do w n t o j o i n t he li t t le
,

Inc a fo rc e c o nv ert ing t he r et r ea t int o a r o ut

,
.

T his exp la i ns t he st o ry t o ld by severa l wri t ers, ,

t ha t t h e sun m a d e a rm e d m en ri se o ut o f t h e e a r t h
t o c o m p let e t h e vi c t o ry T h e C h a nc a st a nd a rd a nd
.

t h e sp o i ls o f t h eir c a mp w e r e c a p t ur e d .

The gr e a t ness o f t hi s vi c t o ry w hi c h sa v e d t he
,

Inc a rea hn fr o m c o mp let e dest ruc t i o n w a s a s ,

a st o ni sh i ng a s it w a s une xp ec t e d Princ e Cusi w a s

.

h a i le d a s t h e Inc a P ac h a c ut i t h e ni nt h b e a ri ng
,

t h a t t i t le c o un t ing t ho se o f t h e o ld dyna st i es
, .

H enc efo rwa rd h e w a s kno wn by n o o t h er na m e .

H e r efuse d t o a llo w a t ri ump h a l c er em o ny fo r

h i m self but sent Ur c o H ua r a nc a wi t h a ll t h e sp o i ls
,

t o his fa t h e r a t t h e c a mp o n t he Chi t a high la nd s ,

t h a t h e mig ht t r e a d up o n t h em ac c o r ding t o t h e ,

usua l c ust o m Uira c o c ha re fuse d t o d o t hi s him

.
-

se lf but d ele g a t e d t he d ut y t o hi s so n U rc o a s t h e
, ,

h e ir t o t h e kingdo m Urc o H ua r a nc a w a s furi o us

.
,

dec la ring t h a t no c o w a rd sho uld t ri ump h by t he

d ee ds o f Pa c hac ut i a nd r et urning wi t h t h e sp o i ls
,

t o Cuz c o .
88 RA LLY o r T H E CH A NCA S

W e he a r no more gr ea t genera ls Vi c a
of t he ,

q u ira u a nd A p u M a yt a T h e y e i t h e r fo un d a
.

glo ri o us d ea t h o n t he b a t t lefield o r di ed so o n a ft er
w a rd s a t a gr ea t a ge Pa ch a c ut i s eldest br o t her
.
’

R o c c a w a s his m o st t rust e d genera l T here w a s

no lo ng er a ny difl
.
,

i c ult y a b o ut r a i si ng t r o o p s a nd ,

a n e ffi c i ent a rm y w a s o rg a ni se d w ell dr i lle d a nd ,

a r me d wi t h sli ng s a rr o w s a x es a nd c lub s
, ,
Fo r , .

t h e C ha nc a s t h o ugh r ep ulse d w er e by no m ea ns
, ,

c r ush e d .T hey ret ir e d t o t he gre a t p la i n o f

Yc hup a mp a r ec eiv e d larg e r einfo rc ement s fr o m
,

t h e o t h er sid e o f t h e Ap uri ma c a nd pr ep a r e d fo r ,

a no t he r m a r c h up o n C uz c o B ut no w t h e Inc a
.

Pa c h a c ut i w as st r o ng en o ugh t o t a k e t h e i ni t i a t ive ,

a nd h e ma d e suc h a r a pid m a r c h t h a t h e fo un d t h e

C ha nc a a rm y st i ll enc amp e d o n t he gr ea t pla i n .

T h e h ost ile c hi e fs enc o ur a ge d by t h e a rriv a l o f

,

la rge r ei nfo rc em ent s ha d r eg ai ne d muc h o f t he ir

,

c o nfid enc e .T he ir a rm y w a s as num er o us a s b efo r e

t h e d efea t t h eir princ ip a l w eap o ns b ei ng lo ng
,

la nc es . When t he c hi efs sa w t h e a ppr o a c h o f t h e

Inc a a rmy t hey sent a n i nso lent m essa ge t hr ea t en
,

ing t o d ye t heir la nc es wi t h t h e Inc a s b lo o d if h e

’

did no t a t o nc e sub mi t a nd b ec o m e a t rib ut a ry

va ssal Pa c ha c ut i c a lmly r ep li e d t ha t no m o r e
.

t i me c o uld be w a st e d in t alk a nd t ha t G o d w o uld ,

giv e t he vi c t o ry t o who m be p leased H e m a rc he d .

o nw a rd s wi t h h is a r m y fo llo wi ng c losely o n t h e
,

h e els o f t he m essenger .

T h e c o nt endi ng fo rc es c lo se d in d ea d ly h a nd t o -

ha nd c o m b a t a nd t h e b a t t le r a g e d fo r a lo ng t i me
,
90 DE A T H OF UIRA -
COCH A

so l e lo rd ver eign in t he li fet i me o f his fa t her

a nd so

Mo st o f t he Orej o nes w h o h a d fl
.

e d wi t h Uir a c o c h a -

r et urne d t o Cuzc o So o n a ft er his ac c essi o n t h e.

n e w s r e ac h e d Pa c h a c ut i t h a t U r c o h a d a ssem b le d

fo r c e s in t h e v a lley wh e t h e r wi t h o r wi t h o ut ,

t h e c o nn iv a nc e o f hi s fa t h e r is unc er t a i n Th e .

Inc a w i t h his br o t h er R o c c a a t o nc e mar c h e d

, ,

a g a i nst t he i nsurg ent s Urc o r ec eive d a b lo w .

o n t h e n e c k fr o m a st o ne hur le d by his br o t h e r

R o c c a H e fell int o t h e riv e r a nd w a s c a rri e d

.

d o wn t o a r o c k c a lle d Chup illusc a a lea gue b elo w ,

Olla nt a y t a m p u w h er e h e t ri e d t o la nd but w a s
-
, ,

ki lle d by his br o t hers T hey t h en so ught a n

1
.

i nt ervi ew wi t h t heir fa t her w h o r efused t o se e t he ,

Inc a but R o c c a fo rc e d his w a y i nt o t he o ld m a n s

,
’

presenc e a nd upbra ide d him U ir a c o c ha c o n .

-

t inue d t o liv e in his st r o ngh o ld o f Ca quia Sa quis

a h ua n a wh er e he di e d a nd w a s b ur i e d In his
, .

pri m e h e lo v e d go rgeo us disp la y a nd w e are t o ld ,

t h a t h e w as t he i nv ent o r o f a ki nd o f ri c h c lo t h
or br o c a de c a lle d T OCA PU T he n a m e o f his .

st r o ngh o ld m a y h a v e r e fe r enc e t o t h i s fo r AH U A N A ,

m e a ns a lo o m CA CU IA m ay be r ender e d my
.

p o ssessi o n o r pro p er t y 2
.
’

l U rc o is a c t ua ll y
ma d e t o suc c e ed Cie z a d e Le o n, H errera , by
F erna nd e z a nd Sa lc a m a yh ua H e rrera g ive s h is p o r t ra it a mo ng
, .

h h b
t h e Inc a s w ic fo rm a o rd e r t o h is fro nt isp ie c e .

h
H A Q UI S t he Xa qm x o f o t er w rit e rs , m ig t mea n le ft e ind ,
,
'
‘
h bh
but t h e w o rd is d o u t ful b
Xa qm xa gua na is t h e na me a pp lied
.
'

by
s o me w r it e rs t o t h e g re a t p la in o f S ur it i o r Y c up a m p a T is h . h
y
must sure l be a m ist a e k
T h e re fuge t o w ic ira -c o c a ed c o uld h hU h fl
fl
.

by
no t p o ssi l be t h e sit e o f t h e a t t le fi e ld fro m w ic b h e ed h h .
 INCA PA CH A CUT I 91

The Princ e C U SI w a s t he b ui ld er o f t he empir e ,

t h e fo unda t i o ns o f wh i c h w e re la id by R o c c a .

Th e e la b o ra t e r eligi o us c er em o nia l t h e m et h o d s ,

o f r ec o rdi ng e v en t s t he mili t a ry o rg a ni sa t i o n
, ,

t h e self w o rking so c i a l syst em w er e his wo rk

-
.

It m a y see m inc r e dib le t h a t t h e w h o le fa bri c o f

An dea n c ivi li sa t i o n sh o uld be t he w o rk o f o ne
m a n a nd it w o uld be if he h a d c r ea t e d it
,
But .

Cusi w as no t t he c rea t o r H e w a s t he PA CH A CUT I .

,

t h e r e fo r m e r Ove r a ll t h e r egi o ns t h a t be c o n
.

quer e d t her e w er e t he sa m e id eas a nd h a bit s o f

t h o ught a n d o f livi ng dia lec t s o f t h e sam e o rigi na l
, ,

la ngua g e a nd t h e sa m e fa i nt m em o ri es o f a n
,

a lm o st fo rg o t t en p ast Pa c h a c ut i w o rk e d up o n .

t h ese m a t eri a ls wi t h t he ski ll a nd fo r e sight o f a

pr o fo und st a t esma n H is gra nd o bj ec t w as a t .

t a ine d fo r he w eld e d t o g et her a h o m o geneo us

,

e mpir e wi t h suc h m a st e rly t h o r o ugh ness in a ll

it s c o m p li c a t e d d e t a i ls t h a t it s m a c hin ery w o rk e d
a lm o st a ut o m a t i c a lly .

Pa c h a c ut i w as a gr eat c o n quer o r a s w ell a s

a gr ea t a d mini st r a t o r T he i m m e di a t e c o nse quenc e
.

o f t h e fina l vi c t o ry o v e r t h e C h a nc a s a nd o f t h e

disrup t i o n o f t h eir c o nfe d era c y w a s t h e a ddit i o n

o f a v a st t erri t o ry t o t h e la nd o f t h e I nc as T he
1
.

c o unt ry b ey o nd t h e Ap uri m a c b et w een t h a t ,

lS mi t m t i n
ar en o i t ib wit hi
en ot h l nd
s s x f t h In r es n e a o e cas

h vi g b n ub d u d ft t h Ch
a n ee s e w ab y P h ut i d
er e a nc a ar ac ac an

hi
s b th R ro er AY o cca : O T M U C AM AR CA , LLA N T A Y - A P , UC M A ,

HUA T A , HU N T A U CA R A ,
U I pp h d t hi t b
OG AB mi t k . a re en s o e a s a e,

ca u d by R
se vi u d hi y u g b t h
o cca s
’
se r ce d th t n er s o n er ro er, an a

th t ib d by R t h Ch
w

e se rw es qu ere c o n bf er e w o cc a e o re e a nc a a r.
92 CON QUE ST S OF PA CH ACUT I

riv e r a nd t he b mit t e d a t o nc e It
Pa c h ac ha c a , su .

w a s t he la nd o f t he Q uic huas v e ry c lo sely a lli e d t o ,

t h e Inc a s T h e next r egi o n b e t w een t he riv e r

.
,

P ac ha c h ac a a nd t he P a mp as c o nt a ini ng t he ,

b ea ut i ful va lley o f Anda hua yla s t he c hi ef sea t o f ,

t he Cha nc a s a lso sub mit t e d

,
Th e C ha nc a s e ve n .

a dd e d a n i mp o rt a nt c o nt ing ent t o t he Inc a a r m y .

B eyo nd t he P a mp a s t he So ra s a nd Luc ana s h a rdy

, ,

m o unt a i neers sub mi t t e d a ft er a bri ef st r uggle

, .

T hese were t h e first frui t s o f t he vi c t o ry o ver t he

Cha nc a s Pa c ha c ut i next i nva de d t he b a si n o f
.
~

L a k e Ti t i c a c a and t he wh o le r egi o n w a s a nnex e d

,

a ft er t h r e e h a rd fo ught c a m p a ig ns a ga i nst t he C o llas

-
.

T hen fo llo we d a c a mp a ign d uring whi c h t he

who le no rt hern r egi o n o f t he A ndes a s far a s ,

Ca xa m arc a w a s a dd e d t o t h e em pir e
,
.

By t hi s t i me Pa c hac ut i w a s w ell st ri c ken in

y ea rs H is eld est so n w a s Am aru T up a c a v ery
.
,

a b le a nd suc c essful g ene r a l w ho w a s a t o ne t i me , , ,

i nt ende d t o be his h eir But t he quest i o n o f .

t he suc c e ssi o n w as a v ery i mp o r t a nt o ne a nd ,

so m e t h i ng m o r e w a s n e e d e d t h a n a suc c essful

genera l By his wi fe Ana huarqui t he Inc a ha d

.
,

a no t h er so n a lso na m e d T up ac
,
in wh o m t he ,

gr ea t st a t esman sa w t he germs o f suc h genius as

w o uld fi t him t o suc c ee d t o t he r esp o nsibi li t y
o f g uidi ng a n e mpir e Aft er a n i nt ervi ew wi t h his
.

fa t h er t h e e ld est so n Am a ru a c c ep t e d t h e si t ua t i o n
, , ,

a nd r e m a i ne d lo y a l t o his y o unge r br o t he r unt i l

d ea t h Yo un g T up a c w ent t hr o ugh t he c eremo ny

.

o f b ei ng a r med a nd t hen pr o c eed e d o n a gr ea t

,
94 INCA T U PA C Y U PA NQUI
t he gr ea t est m a n t ha t t he Am eri c a n r ac e ha s eve r
pr o duc e d .

T up a c w as a w o r t hy suc c esso r H e c o nt inue d .

a nd c o nso lid a t e d t h e w o rk o f his fa t h er A s his .

p o w er a nd t he e xt ent o f t h e empire i nc r ea se d t he ,

Inc a s a ssum e d gr ea t er st a t e a nd m a gnific enc e .

Wi t h Pa c ha c ut i a pp a r ent ly a nd c ert a inly wi t h ,

T up a c t he c ust o m o f m a rryi ng si st ers w a s c o m

,

m enc e d . Like t h e P t o lem i es t h e Inc a s r eso rt e d ,

t o t hi s m et ho d o f m a ki n g t h e ir fa m i ly a r a c e a p a r t
fr o m t he r est o f m a nkin d a nd a lm o st divi ne .

T up a c w a s sec o n d o nly t o his fa t h er a s a n

a d mi ni st r a t o r a nd a g ener a l H is first c a mp a ign .

as a so v e r e ig n w a s a m o st di ffi c ult o n e He .

p enet ra t e d fa r i nt o t he pri m eva l fo r est s t o t he

ea st o f t h e An d e s H e t hen c o mp let ely subj uga t e d
.

t he Co lla s a nd C hile a s far a s t h e riv e r M a ule

,
.

H is lo ng r eign e x t end e d o v e r upw a rds o f six t y

yea rs m a inly a p eri o d o f c o nso lid at i o n H e est a b
, .

lish e d a fir m a nd set t le d g o v ernm ent o n t he li nes

la id d o wn by his fa t her Wh en h e felt t he appro ac h
.

o f d e a t h h e r et ir e d t o his p a la c e o f C h i nc h e r o o v e r
, ,

lo o kin g t he sa c r ed v a lle y wi t h a glo ri o us vi ew ,

o f t he sno wy m o unt a i ns T he w a lls o f t his p a la c e

.

a re st i ll st a ndi ng Th e dyi ng I nc a sent fo r his

.

r ela t i o ns a nd c o unc i llo rs a nd a nno unc ed t o t hem

,

t ha t his h e ir a nd suc c e sso r w a s t o be t he y o ung

Pri nc e Cusi Hua lp a his legi t i ma t e so n by his
,

si st e r a nd wi fe M a m a Oc llo
,
H e t hen sa nk d o wn .

a mo ng his pi llo ws a nd di e d a t t h e gr ea t a e o f
g
e ight y fi v e y e a rs
-
.
 H UA Y NA CCA PA C 95

Cusi Hua lp a w a s t hen wi t h his t ut o r s a t

Q ui spic a nc ha in t he v a lley H e w as br o ught
,
.

t o Cuzc o a nd i nv e st e d wi t h a ll t he i nsignia o f
,

r o ya lt y ; a nd his a c c essi o n w as a nno unc e d t o

t he p eo p le in t h e R i m a c p a mp a a n o p en sp a c e
-
,

ne a r t h e t emp le o f t h e sun Sur pri se d a t t h e

.

yo ut hful a pp ea r a nc e o f t he ir so vereign t heir ,

a c c la m a t i o ns w er e m i ngle d wi t h c ri es o f H uayna
Hua yna ! ( t he bo y—ki ng t he bo y ki ng ) Fr o m
’

,
-
.

t he nc e fo rwa rd hi s sur n a m e w a s Hua yn a Cc ap a c .

Aft er a few y e a rs o f a dminist ra t i o n a t Cuzc o t he ,

yo ung Inc a m a de a vi si t a t i o n o f a ll his d o mi nio ns

fr o m C hi le t o Q uit o T he la st p a rt o f his r eign w a s
.

o c c upi e d wi t h a v ery a b ly c o n d uc t e d c a m p a ign

o n t h e e x t r e m e n o r t h er n b o rd er s o f his e mpir e ,

a nd h e di e d a t Q ui t o in 1 5 25 t h e last o f t h e gr e a t
,

i mp eri a l Inc a s gr ea t in p ea c e as in w a r
,
.

T h e six Inc a s fr o m R o c c a t o H ua yn a m a y wi t h
, , ,

fa ir pr o b a bi li t y be giv en a p eri o d o f 300 yea r s ;

,

a nd t he Ay a r M a nc o s d a t e w o uld be a b o ut 11 0 0 A D
’
. .
 CH APT E R VIII
RELIG ION o r T H E IN CA s

IT is v ery diffic ult t o o b t a i n a c o rr e c t a nd c le a r

idea o f t he r eligi o us b eli efs o f a p eo p le like t h e
P eruvi a ns, wh o se t ho ught s a nd t r a dit i o ns we re
e nt ir ely differ ent fr o m t h o se o f t he na t i o ns o f t h e

o ld w o rld B esides t he i nherent di ffic ult y o f

.

c o mpr eh endi ng t h e b ent o f t h eir minds, w hi c h

r esult e d in t he r eligi o us pra c t i c es r ec o rde d o f t hem ,

t h er e a r e m a n y o t h e r s . T h e r ec o rd w as m a d e
by v ery sup er st i t i o us pri est s wi t h st ro ng prej udi c es
,

a g a i nst t h e b eli efs o f t he c o n quer e d p e o p le a nd ,

wi t h o nly a gener a l kno wle dge o f t he la ngua g e .

T her e w a s but o ne i mp o rt a nt a ut ho rit y w ho

h a d kn o wn t h e langua g e fr o m c hi ld ho o d Th e
.

m a nusc rip t s w er e o ft en i nc o rr e c t ly t r ansc rib ed

by igno ra nt c lerks so t ha t mi st a kes a nd mis
,

sp elli ngs c r ep t i nt o t he t ex t s a nd t here w er e

,

c o nt r a dic t i o ns a m o ng t he a ut h o ri t i e s
. On t he
wh o le it is fo r t un a t e t ha t t here sho uld ha v e b een
suc h p a inst a ki ng a nd c o nsc i ent i o us wri t ers a s
B la s Va ler a Ci e z a d e L eo n a nd M o lina up o n
, , ,

wh o se evidenc e r eli a nc e c a n be p la c e d as a t a ll
,

e v e nt s
,
t he i mp a r t i al i mpr essi o ns o f t he wri t ers .

96
98 P RA Y ER S o r T H E INCA S

t ha t w er e o ffer e d t o Uir a c o c h a wh o se t emp le is

-
,

st a t e d t o h a v e b een a p a r t fr o m t he t emp le o f t he

sun . Sa lc a ma yhua t ells us t h a t t h e Supr eme

Cr ea t o r w a s r epresent e d in t h e sun t emp le by
a n o val sla b o f g o ld ha vi ng a higher p lac e
,

t h a n t h e i m a ge s o f t h e sun o r m o o n T he pra yers

.

w er e fo r h ea lt h a nd st r engt h fo r g o o d ha rvest s
,

a nd t h e m ult ip li c a t i o n o f fl o c k s fo r vi c t o ry o v e r
,

e nemies a nd fo r pr o sp eri t y
,
Ni ne o f t h ese pra y ers
.
,

in Q ui c hua are giv en by M o li na

, One is given by
.

M o rua T he m o st r ema rka b le pra yer is t h a t fo r t he

.
‘

sun c a lle d PUN CH A U in wh i c h it is fully r ec o gni se d

, ,

t ha t it s m o v e me nt s a nd h ea t a t t rib ut es a re t he
-

wo rk o f Uir a c o c ha -
.

T hi s r ec o gni t i o n o f a n a lmight y unseen b eing ,

w ho c r ea t e d a nd r eg ula t es a ll t hi ng s vi sib le w a s
pr o b a b ly c o nfine d t o t h e higher int ellec t s w ho ha d ,

mo r e t i m e a nd w er e b et t er t r a i ned fo r t ho ught a nd
reflec t i o n T he r est o f t he p eo p le wo uld seek fo r
.

vi sible o bj ec t s o f w o rship B ut fo r t he Inc a s t he

.

Uir a c o c h a c ult w as c ert a inly v ery r ea l It o c c upi e d

-
.

t h e ir t h o ug ht s in life a nd in d ea t h a nd t hey ,

ea r ne st ly pr a y e d fo r a k no w le dg e o f t he D ei t y .

So me o f t h e hym ns a ddr esse d t o t he A lmight y

h a v e b een pr e serv e d in a m a nusc rip t wri t t en e a rly
in t he se v e nt eent h c e nt ury by a n a t iv e na m e d
Ya mqui Pa c h ac ut i Sa lc a m a yhua T hey w ere fir st
.

pri nt ed by t he present wri t er in a t ra nsla t i o n o f

Sa lc a m a y hua s w o rk t he t e xt o f t he hymn s
’

b ei ng left in t he o rigi na l Q uic hua So m e yea rs .

a ft erw a rd s t he Sp a ni sh t ex t w as e di t e d by Do n
 H YMN S To U IRA COCH A
-
99

Ma rc o s Jim ene z d e la E sp a da a t Ma drid but a g a i n ,

wi t ho ut a ny a t t emp t t o t ra nsla t e t h e Q uic hua

hymn s . T his w a s a t la st d o ne t hr o ugh t h e in
st rum ent a lit y o f Do n Sa m uel A L a fo ne Q ue v e d o . .

T he t ex t w a s v ery c o rr up t t h e w o rd s w e re mis ,

sp elt a nd no t divid e d fro m ea c h o t he r a nd it w o uld ,

r e quire a m o st pro fo un d Q uic hua sc ho la r t o rest o re

t he m ea ni ng o f t he o rigi na l Sefio r L a fo ne Q ue v e d o
.

sec ur e d t h e ser v i c e s o f D r Mig ue l M o ssi o f B o livi a

.
, ,

no w no m o r e by far t h e b est m o d e rn sc h o la r o f
,

t he la ng ua g e o f t h e Inc a s Th e r esult w a s t he .

p ub li c a t i o n in 1892 o f Sp a ni sh t ra nsla t i o ns o f
t h e hymns t o Uir a c o c ha 1
T hese hymns a re t he
-
.

e xp r e ssi o n o f a lo ngin g t o k no w t he i nvi sib le o d

g ,

t o w a lk in his w a ys a nd t o h a v e t h e pra ye r s
,

he a rd w hic h ent r ea t t h e D ei t y t o r e v e a l h i mself .

T hey Sho w a st r o ng sense o f his guidi ng p o wer in

regula t ing t he sea so ns a nd t he c o urses o f t he
hea v enly b o di es a nd in m a ki ng pr o vi si o n fo r
,

repro duc t i o n in nat ur e T here is a st r a ng e ex.

pressi o n o f w o nder r esp ec t ing t he sex o f t he D e i t y ;

but t hi s is w o nde r a nd no t hing m o r e no t a s , ,

Seno r L a fo ne Q uev e d o sugg e st s a n a llusi o n t o

'

ph a lli c wo r ship T here is i ndeed a p la i nt ive

.
, ,

no t e in t hese c ri e s t o t he D e i t y fo r a k no w le dg e

o f t he un kno w a b le whic h is t o uc hi ng in it s
,

si mp li c i t y .

1 R ev ista d el M useo d e la Pla ta , J III . . p . 32 0 . Ensa yo M ito lo gzco

’

Le s himno s
’
El c ulto d e T o na p a . sa gr a d o s d e lo s R eyes d el Cuz c o ,
segun el Ya mqui Pa cha c uti p o r S a muel A
-
. La fo ne Queved o ( T a ll er es
d el M useo d e la Pla t a ,
10 0 H YMN S TO UIRA -
COCH A

O Uira -c o c ha Lo rd o f t he uni v erse,

Wh et her t h o u a rt m ale ,
Wh et her t h o u art fem a le ,

Lo rd o f rep ro d uc t io n ,

Wh a t so e v er t h o u ma y est be,
0 Lo rd o f div ina t io n ,

Wh ere a rt t ho u 2
T h o u m a y es t be bo ve a ,

T h o u m a y est be b elo w ,

Or p erh ap s a ro und
T hy sp lendid t hro ne a nd sc e t e .
p r
Oh hea r m e
Fro m t he sky a b o v e ,

In w hi c h t h o u m a y est be ,

Fro m t h e sea b enea t h ,

In w h ich t h o u m a y es t be ,

Crea t o r o f t h e w o rld ,

Ma k er o f a ll m en
Lo rd o f a ll Lo rd s,
My eyes fa il m e
Fo r lo nging t o se e t h e e
Fo r t he so le d esire t o k no w t hee .

Might I b eh o l d t hee ,
Migh t I k no w t hee ,

Might I c o nsid er t h ee ,

Might I und erst a nd t hee .

Oh lo o k d o w n up o n m e ,

Fo r t ho u k no w est m e .

T he sun— t he m o o n
T h e d a y— t h e nigh t
Sp ring— wint er ,

A r e no t o rd a ine d in v a in
By t h ee O Uira —c o cha
,

T h ey a ll t ra v el
T o t he assigne d p la c e
102 H YMN S T o U IRA -
COCH A

Oh if I m ight k no w
,

Oh if it c o ul d be re v ea le d
,

T h o u w ho m a d e m e o ut o f eart h ,

A nd o f c la y fo rm e d m e ,
Oh l o o k up o n m e
Wh o a rt t h o u O Crea t o r , ,

No w I a m v ery o ld .

An o t her hymn Uira c o c h a is

to -
at t ribut ed ,

Sa lc am ayhua , t o t h e Inc a R o c c a

Oh co me t hen,
Gr e a t as t h e hea v ens,
Lo rd o f a ll t he ea rt h ,

Grea t F irst Ca use ,

Cr ea t o r o f m en .

T en t im es I d o re t hee
a ,

E v er w it h my ey es
T urne d t o t h e gro und ,

H idd en by t h e ey ela sh es ,

T hee a m I seek ing .

Oh lo o k o n m e
Lik e a s fo r t h e riv ers ,

Lik e a s fo r t h e fo unt a ins ,

Wh en gasp ing w it h t hirst ,

I se e k fo r t h ee .

Enc o ura g e m e ,

H elp m e
Wit h a ll my vo ic e
I c a ll o n t h ee
T hink ing of t h ee ,
We w ill j
r e o ic e

A nd be l ad
g .

T his w ill w e sa
y
A nd no mo re .
 WOR SH IP or UIRA -
COCH A 10 3

These fra gm ent s br o ken c hip s fr o m a gr ea t ,

wr ec k ha v e a t la st r eac he d us We kno w fr o m
,
.

t hem t ha t in t h e ir i nm o st hea r t s t he i nt ellec t ua l

, ,

a nd m o r e i nst r uc t e d sec t i o n o f t he Inc as a nd t he ir

p eo p le so ught fo r a kno wledge o f t he unseen

c r ea t o r o f t he un iv e r se w hi le p ub li c ly c o nd uc t in g ,

t he w o r ship o f o bj e c t s wh i c h t he y k ne w t o be
me re ly G o d s c rea t ur e s Ga rc ila sso d e la Vega
’
.

gives t he sa yi ngs o f severa l Inc as resp ec t ing t he

o b e di enc e o f t h e sun in it s d a i ly a nd y e a rly c o ur se
, ,

t o t h e b ehest s o f a high e r p o we r T h e r e a re o n e .

o r t w o p o i nt s c o nne c t e d wi t h U ir a c o c h a w hi c h -

h a v e b een p uz z ling a nd whi c h wi ll be b et t er ,

di s usse d n a fo o t no t e
c i 1
.

Go mara a nd
1 B
et a nz o s a re re s o ns i le fo r a go d t e p
c a ll ed b hy
Con No o t er a ut o rit
. h h
new o f it y k
G o m ara h a d ne er e e n . v b
in A m eric a H e r ec o rd ed a st o r o f a eing na m ed Con, c ild o f
. y b h
t h e sun, w h o c rea t ed m en, but a ft er w a rd s, e in e nra g ed wit b g h
h
t e m, h e t ur ne d t h e la nd in t o d e ser t s, a nd ga e no m o re ra in so v ,

h
t at t e hy
o nl y
h a d w a t er fro m t h e ri ers T is is e id ent l v a . h v y
st o r y
fro m t he c o ast It is m ere l a ersio n o f t h e H ua ro c ir i
. y v h
g
le e nd , a nd G o m a ra s Con is Con iraya Uira co cha , t h e g o d rulin
’
-
g
v
o e r t he h
ea t o f t h e sun H e w a s su ersed ed o n t h e c o a st
. p
t he by
fi sh g o d a nd o ra c le , Pa cha ca mac B
e t a nz o s is a m o re im o rt a nt
. p
h y
a ut o rit , a s h e w a s m a n yy
e a r s in Peru, a nd s o e Q uic ua He p k h .

v
gi es Con tfti a s a p fi
r e x t o t h e na m e of ir a c o c a , w ile a ll U -
h h
h
o t e r a ut o rit ies h gv
i e t h e w o rd s I l la T ica T h e m a nusc ri t h as
’

. p
Con titi, but t h e e dit o r a lt er e d it t o Con T ici, t o be ne arer t h e o t er h
h
a ut o rit ies T I TI is no d o u t a c leric a l erro r
. b
Pro a l it s o ul d . b by h
h
be I nti, w en it w o ul d be Conip I n ti, t h e sun ivin w a rm t ; g g h
k
li e Conira ya , a er t a inin pp g
t o w a rm t , a t t ri ut es o f t h e h
eit , b D y
no t a se ara t e p p
erso n T h e na m e Con o c c urs fi v e t im e s in t h e fi rst
.

and se co nd c h p t a e rs o f B e t a nz o s, but no t in a ny o f t h e ot h er c h pt
a e rs.

Sa lc a m a yh ua , in re la t in g v a e rsio n o f t h e T it ic a c a m y t h , m ent io ns
t wo se r v a nt s o f Ui
ra - c o c h a na m ed T onap a a nd T a ra p a ca Sar .

mie nt o s p ell s t h e la t t e r T a hua p a ca . Cie z a d e Leo n h a s T uap a ca .

1 04 A NC ST OE R W ORSH IP
The c ult o f Uir a c o c ha by t he Inc a s w as c o nfi ne d-

t o t h e few Th e p o p ula r r eligi o n o f t h e p eo p le

.

w as t h e w o r ship o f t h e fo und e r o r fir st a nc est o r o f

ea c h a yllu o r c la n Th e fa t h e r o f t h e Inc as w as
.

t he sun, a nd n a t ur a lly a ll t h e p eo p le j o i ne d in t h e
s p ec i a l a do ra t i o n o f t he a nc e st o r o f t heir so vereign ,

c o m bi ne d wi t h sec o n d a ry w o r ship o f t h e m o o n ,

t hund er a nd ligh t ning t h e r a i nb o w a nd t h e da wn , , ,

r epresent e d by t h e m o rning st a r CH A SCA B ut .

e a c h c lan o r a yllu h a d a lso a sp ec i a l huac a or ,

a nc est r a l go d whi c h it s memb ers w o rshipp e d i n

,

c o mm o n b esides t he ho useh o ld go ds o f e ac h
,

fa mily .

In t h e last c ent ury o r t w o t h e c er e m o ni a l a nd ,

ri t ua l Ob serva nc es o f t he sun wo rship a t Cuz c o -

a ssume d ex t r a o r dina ry m a gnifi c enc e T he sp lendid .

t em p le w a s b ui lt o f m a so nry w h i c h fo r t h e b ea ut y , ,

a nd sy mm e t ry o f it s pr o p o r t i o ns a nd t h e a c c ur a c y

wi t h wh i c h t he st o nes fit t e d i nt o eac h o t he r is ,

un surp a sse d T he c o rni c es t h e i m a g es a nd t he

.
, ,

ut ensi ls w e r e a ll o f p ur e g o ld When t he Inc a .

a nd h is c o ur t w er e pr e se nt a t t h e c e r em o ni e s it

must h a v e b e en a sc ene o f m a rv ello us sp lend o ur .

T he e la b o ra t e ri t ua l a nd c er em o ni e s nec essi t a t e d

Sa lc a ma y hua is a lo ne res p o ns i bl e fo r T on a p a . T ish a ut h or w as a

v
na t i e o f Co lla ua , w h h ere t he C b ec o m es a T , Cona p a , me rel a y
fo rm of Conira y a . T he w o rd s in Con a p a a re h
Oc oni, e a t , a nd a p a c ,
b e a rin g , H ea t b ea rin g or con v y ing
e .
’
It is a no t h er fo rm fo r
h
t is a t t ri b ut e of t he D it y
e , no t a s p
e at
ar p e e rso n.

T h er e h as b ee n a n a m a z in g a mo unt j
o f c o n e c t ur e a nd er udi t io n

b es t o w ed on h
t is w o rd Con a nd D o n Sa mue l A . La fo ne Q ue ved o
h a s w rit t e n a v ry l
e e a r ned e ssa y on t he c ul t o f T o na p a .
 H IGH P R IE ST OF T H E SUN 1 05

t he p lo ym ent o f a numero us h i era rc hy divided

em ,

i nt o m any gra des The High Pri est w a s a n o ffic i a l

.

o f t h e highe st r a nk Oft en a br o t h e r Of t he so v e r eign

, .

H e w a s c a lle d Uillac Uma t h e h ea d w hi c h ,

H e w a s t he supr em e j udg e a nd a rbi t e r

’
c o unsels .

in a ll r eligi o us quest i o ns a nd c a uses r ela t i ng t o t he

t emp les H is life w as r e quir e d t o be p a sse d in
.

religi o us c o nt emp lat i o n a nd a b st inenc e H e w a s .

a st ri c t v e g et a ri a n a nd ne v e r dr a nk a ny t hin g but

wa t er H is o rdina ry dr ess w a s a r o b e go i ng d o wn
.

t o t he a nkle s a nd a gr e y m a nt le Of v ic ufi a w o o l
, .

B ut when h e c ele br a t e d t h e fest iv a ls in t h e t emp le

h e w o r e t he gr a nd t i a r a c a lle d Uilca Chucu whi c h , ,

i nc lude d a c irc ul a r p la t e o f go ld r epr esent ing t he

sun , a nd und er t h e c hin a h a lf m o o n Of si lv e r -
.

T he h ea d dr ess w a s a d o rne d wi t h t he fea t hers o f

-

t h e guaca ma ya o r gr e a t m ac a w t he wh o le c o v er e d
,

wit h j ewels a nd p la t es o f go ld The c o mplet e .

he a d dr ess w a s c a lle d H ua mp a r Ckuc u

-
H is .

c e r e m o ni a l t uni c wi t h o ut slee v e s r ea c h e d t o t h e

gr o und wi t h no b elt Ov er it t here w a s a sh o r t e r

, .

p eli sse o f w hit e wo o l t ri mm e d wi t h red whic h , ,

c a m e d o wn t o t h e k nee s a nd w a s c o v e r e d wi t h
,

prec i o us st o nes a nd p la t es o f go ld H is sh o es .

wer e o f fi ne wo o l a nd bra c ele t s Of g o ld wer e o n

,

his a rms D ire c t ly t h e c e r emo ny w a s o v e r he

.

div est e d him self o f his v est m ent s a nd r em a i ne d in

his o rdina ry c lo t h es H e r ec e iv e d a mp le r ent s
.
,

b e st o wing t he gr e a t er p a r t o n t ho se a ffli c t e d by
b lin dn ess o r o t her di sa b li ng infi rmit ies B esides .

b eing o f illust ri o us li nea ge t he High Pri est was a n ,

1 06 VIR G INS OF T H E SUN

A ma uta , or man of lea rni ng

pp o i nt e d t he
. He a

vi sit o rs a nd i nsp ec t o rs wh o se dut y it w as t o

r ep o rt o n a ll t h e t emp les a nd ido ls t hr o ugho ut t he
em pir e ; a nd t h e c o nfesso r s ( Ic ha m) w h o r e c eiv e d
'

c o nfessi o ns a nd a ssign e d p ena nc es a nd he sup e r

int ende d t he r ec o rd o f ev ent s by t he A ma uta s a nd

Qa z p uca ma yocs On his d ea t h t he b o dy w as
’

e m b a lm e d a nd in t err e d wi t h gr e a t p o m p o n so me

high m o un t a i n .

Under t he Uillac Uma t here w er e t en o r

t welv e c hi ef pri e st s in t h e pr o vi nc es c a lle d Uilca , ,

w h o h a d a ut h o ri t y o v er t h e v e ry num er o us pri est s

in c h a rge o f hua ca s c a lle d H uac a p Uillac a nd
, ,

o v e r t h o se w ho r e c e iv e d a nd a nno unc e d o rac les

fr o m t he kua ca s H naea p R ima ckz

'

.
,

A v ery rem a rka b le a nd i nt erest ing inst i t ut i o n

w a s t ha t o f t h e c h o sen virgins fo r t h e se rvi c e o f t he
sun ,
c a lle d A c lla T hey were a lso kno wn a s
.

Int ip Ckina n o r Punc ka u Ckz na n serva nt s o f

'

, ,

t h e sun ; se lec t e d by i nsp ec t o r s fr o m a ll p a r t s o f

t h e em pir e . A ll t h e sun t emp les h a d virgi ns ,

t ho se a t Cuz c o c o m i ng c h i e fly fr o m t h e ne ighb o ur
h o o d o i t h e c i t y fr o m H ua nuc o a nd C ha c ha p o y a s
, .

A ft er ex a m i na t i o n t hey wer e p lac e d un der t he

g o v ernm ent o f m a t ro ns c a lle d M a ma Cuna a nd
, ,

h a d t o serv e a n o vi t i a t e T her e w ere o ver 3000

.

virgi ns a t C uz c o wi t h a m a t r o n fo r e v ery t en
, .

E a c h virgi n h a d a serv a nt Th e no vi t i a t e last e d

.

fo r t hr ee y ea r s d uri ng w hic h t i m e t h e girls w e re

,

t a ugh t t o sew w e a v e m a k e fi ne br ea d a nd c a k es
, , ,

sw e e p a nd c lea n t h e t em p le a nd k e ep a liv e t he
,
 1 08 R
SA C IF IC S E
Ca nchu, Ca na huisa , La goa , a nd Yarcacaes in
o t h er w a ys T he M acsa c ur e d by e nc h a nt m ent
. .

T here w as a n ela b o ra t e syst em o f sa c rific es,

ent a i lin g a n e no r m o us exp endit ur e T h e vi c t i m s .

were ll a m a s, huana c us, v ic uiias a nd t h eir lamb s,

p uma s, a nt a s o r t apir s, birds a nd t heir p lumes,
ma iz e , e dib le r o o t s, c o c a , sh ells, c lo t h , go ld , si lver,
sw eet w o o d s, gu inea pigs, d o gs, in sho rt e v eryt hing
-

t hey v a lue d T he sa c rifi c i ng pri e st w a s c a lle d

.

T arp unta y ; t h e la y br o t her w ho c ut up t h e

vi c t i ms, Nacao a nd t he r ec o rder , Utlca Ca mago o .

T h e sa c rifi c e i t self w a s c a lle d A rp a y T h er e .

r em a i ns t h e quest i o n Of hum an sa c rific es, o r Cca p ac

Coc ka . Th e id ea o f sa c rifi c e is t he o fferi ng o f
wha t is mo st priz e d The sac rifi c er sa ys t o his go d
.

Wha t I lo ve d b est t o t hee I ga ve .

’

Abra ha m w a s rea dy t o sa c rifi c e his so n, t he

ki ng o f M o a b ac t ua lly did so It is t he lo gi c a l .

o ut c o m e o f sac rifi c i a l d o c t ri ne Wa s t hi s lo gi c a l
.

c o nc lusi o n r e a c h e d by t h e P e r uvi a ns, ei t h e r h a bi t u

a lly Or in e x t r em e c a ses Th e w eight o f e vid enc e

is c er t a inly a g a i nst t he a c c usa t i o n w hi c h w as fir st
,

m a d e by t he li c ent i a t e P o lo d e Ond egard o in 155 4 ,

when h e w a s c o nduc t ing i nquiri es a t C uz c o H e .

sa ys t h a t gr o wn m en a nd c h i ldr en w e r e sa c rifi c e d

o n v a ri o us o c c asi o ns a nd t h a t 200 b o ys w ere

,

sa c rifi c e d a t t h e a c c e ssi o n o f H ua yna Cc ap a c .

Va lera d eni es t he va lue o f P o lo s e vid enc e w ho he ’

, ,

sa y s sc a r c e ly k ne w a ny t h i ng o f t h e la ngua g e h a d
, ,

no i nt e rpr e t e r s a t t h a t t i m e , 1 a nd w a s wi t h o ut

T h y h d fld
e a e o w in gt o t he insurre c t io n of G ir o n .
 H UM A N R
SA C IF IC S E 109

t he m ea ns b ec o mi ng a c qua int e d wi t h t he a nc i ent

of

c ust o ms .So t h at he c o uld no t fa i l t o wri t e d o wn

m a ny t h i ngs whi c h w er e qui t e differ ent fr o m wha t
t he Indi a ns sa id Po lo wa s fo llo w e d by M o lina a nd
.

o t h er s esp ec i a lly by Sa r mient o w h o se Offic i a l in

, ,

st ruc t io ns w e r e t o m a k e t h e w o r st o f t he I nc a

p o li t y a nd g o ve rnment .

Va lera d ec la r es o n t he c o nt ra ry t ha t t here
, ,

w a s a la w pr o hibi t i ng a ll sa c rifi c e s o f hum a n b e i ngs ,

whic h w a s st ric t ly o b serve d It is t rue t ha t .

H a a huas o r c hi ldr en a nd
, Ya yacs o r a dult s
, , ,

w er e sa c rific e d but t h e H a a hua s we re la mb s no t

, ,

hum a n c hi ldr en a nd by Yuyac w ere me a nt full

,

gro w n lla ma s no t m en Va ler a is supp o rt e d by

,
.

G a rc ila sso d e la Ve ga a nd o t h e r a ut h o ri t i es a nd ,

t he w e ight o f evide nc e is d ec id e d ly a g a i nst P o lo s

’

a c c usa t i o n .

Ther e rema i ns t he lo gi c a l t endenc y Of t he

sa c rifi c i a l id e a t o Offe r up t he d ea r est a nd m o s t

va lue d p o ssessi o n ; while t he a dm i ssi o n o f B la s

V a lera t ha t t here w a s a la w a ga i nst hum an sa c rific es
se ems t o sh o w t ha t t he y w e r e no t unkn o wn Ci e z a .

d e L e o n is t h e m o st unprej udic e d a nd t he mo st
relia b le o f a ll t he a ut ho ri t i es a nd h e says t ha t if
,

hum a n sac rifi c e s w er e e v e r Offer e d t hey w er e o f ,

v ery ra r e o c c urrenc e T his is pro b a b ly t he t rut h

. .

T h e h o rrib le Offerings w er e no t c o mm o n no r
h a bi t ua l but t h ey h a d b een kno wn t o be Offer e d
, ,

o n v e ry ex t r em e a nd ex c ep t i o na l o c c a si o ns .

Wi t h t he w o rship o f t he a nc est o r Pacca risca , ,

o r t he fa b ulo us o rigin o f eac h c la n wh e t her t h e ,

11 0 U E
H O S H OL D GO S D
sun, t he m o o n, a st a r
m o unt a i n r o c k, Spri ng ,
,
a ,

o r a ny o t he r na t ur a l o bj ec t t h e P e r uvi a ns h a d,

so m e p e c uli a r b eli e fs w h i c h p e rv a d e d t h e ir d a i ly

li fe
. T hey h a d sp ec i a l p erso na l d ei t i es in whic h
t h ey t rust e d . ver eign Inc a s k ep t suc h
Th e so

i m a ges a lwa ys wi t h t h em a nd ga v e t h em na me s ,

c a lling t h em H a a a qa i o r br o t h e r , T h a t o f t he .

Inc a Uir a c o c ha w a s c a lle d Inca A mara pr o b a b ly

-
,

in t h e fo rm o f a serp ent It w a s fo und by P o lo d e

.

Ond egar d o wi t h t ha t Inc a s a sh e s Pa c ha c ut i

’
.
,

h a d a v e ry la rg e go ld en H a a a qa i c a lle d Int z
'

Illa p a whic h w a s sent in pi e c es t o Ca xa m a rc a

,

fo r t he r a nso m Ca si Cha r?) w a s t h e n a m e o f t h e

.

H a a a qa i o f t h e Inc a T up a c whi c h w a s fo und ,

c o nc ea le d a t C a li s P uqui o nea r C uzc o by P o lo , , .

T he H a a a qa i o f H ua yna Cca p a c a g o ld i ma g e ,

Of gr ea t v a lue ha s nev e r b e en fo und

,
It w a s .

c a lle d H a araqa i Inc a T h e t r a di t i o n h a nde d

.

d o wn in t he Inc a ri a l fa mily is t ha t t h e H a a a qa i
Of M a nc o Cc a p ac w a s a sac r e d bird c a lle d Int i ,

kep t in a so rt o f h a mp er ; t ha t o f Si nc hi R o c c a
w a s c a lle d H a a na chz ci A ma ra ; t ha t o f L lo que
'

Yup a nqui A p a M a yt a T he r est o f t he Or ej o ne s

, .

a nd m a ny o t h er s ha d t he ir sp ec i a l La r o r br o t h e r ,

a nd t h e H a a a qa i w as b uri e d wi t h t he b o dy o f
t he d ec ea se d .

T h e univ ersa l b eli e f o f t he P e r uvi a ns w a s t ha t

a ll t hi ng s in na t ur e h a d a Spiri t ua l essenc e o r

c o unt erp a r t t o w h i c h pr a y e r s a nd sac rifi c e migh t

,

be Offer e d if t he spiri t b elo ng ed t o a ny Of t h e

r epr o duc t ive p o wers o f na t ure o r g o o d might be ,
1 12 SP I RIT UA L E SSENCE
st a t esm a n , Yup an qui Pa c ha c ut i fin a lly b uri ed
, w as
in t h e c o ur t o f t he h o spit a l o f Sa n Andr es a t Li m a .

Yahua r H ua c c a c t he st o len c hi ld a lo ne esc a p e d

, ,

d esec ra t i o n H is b o dy w a s nev er fo un d
. .

T h e Or e j o nes a nd o t h er i mp o rt ant p eo p le w er e
genera lly i nt erre d in c a ve s M ac ha y wi t h t w o
, ,

c h a m b e rs o ne for t h e m umm y wi t h his

, bro t her
o r La r t h e o t he r fo r his pr o p er t y a nd fo r t he
, ,

o fferi ngs br o ugh t by t h e p eo p le T hese c a v es .

w er e in desert p lac es o r o n t he Sides o f mo unt a i ns .

T he height s o v erlo o ki ng t he lo v ely v a lley o f Yuca y ,

c a lle d TT A N T A N A M A R CA are li t er a lly ho ne y

,

c o m b e d wi t h t h ese b uri a l c a v es A ll h a ve b een

.

d esec r a t e d by t he Sp ani a rds in sea rc h fo r t rea sur e .

T hi s c ur i o us b eli ef in a spiri t ua l essenc e o f

a ll t he t h i ng s t h a t c o nc er ne d t he d a i ly w ell b ei ng
-

Of t h e p eo p le exp la i ns t h e m ult ip lic i t y o f hua cas o r ,

Obj e c t s o f w o r ship E v ery ho useh o ld ha d a S a ra

.

M a ma t o r epr esent t he spiri t ua l essenc e o f t he

m a iz e t o whi c h pr a y ers a nd sa c rific es wer e m a d e
, .

So m et i m e s it w a s a figure c o ve r e d wi t h c o b s o f
m a iz e a t o t h e r s it w a s m er ely a v ase fa shi o ne d a s
,

a c ob . In lik e m a nne r t he r e w a s a Lla ma M a ma

fo r t h e fl o c k s M o r e e sp ec i a lly w a s t he spiri t o f
.

t he e a r t h i t self t h e Pac ka M a ma a n Obj ec t o f

, ,

w o rship The o fferi ngs c o nsi st e d o f t he figures

.

Of lla m a s r o ugh ly fa shi o ne d T here w a s a c a vi t y

.

in t h e ir b ac k s i nt o w hic h t he sa c rifi c i a l o fferi ng

w as p lac e d a nd t h e y w e r e b uri e d in t he fi eld s
, .

Th e o fferi ng s w er e c hi c ha spiri t s o r c o c a t he t hi ngs

, , ,

t he p o o r husb a nd ma n lo v ed b est D r Ma x Uble

. .
11 4 RE LIGION A ND T H E SOCIA L SY ST EM

of t he p eo p le ,
a nd v er b een era di c a t ed It
ha s ne .

a c c o unt s fo r t h e ir innum e r a b le huacas a n d h o use

ho ld g o d s a nd fo r t h e w a y in w hi c h t h e idea o f
,

t h e pr e senc e Of t h e sup er na t ur a l w a s in ex t ri c a b ly
mi ngle d wi t h a ll t h e a c t i o ns o f t h eir liv es . Fr o m
t he se v a ri o us b eli e fs a nd c ult s fir mly e st a b li sh e d in
,

t he mi n d s a nd h ea r t s o f a ll c la sses o f t h e p e o p le w e,

m a y ga t h er so m e id ea o f t he c a uses whic h led t o t h e

est a b li shm ent a m o ng t h em o f a g o v ernm ent b a se d

o n t he sy st em o f a yllus o r vi lla g e c o mm un i t i e s .

T h e r o o t ed b eli efs in t h e Paccarisca o r c o mm o n

a ncest ry o f e a c h a yllu p la c e d t h eir vi lla ge sy st em
,

o n a v ery fi rm b a si s a nd a s t h e I nc a s c o nfi r m e d a ll
,

lo ca l usa ges a nd sup er st i t i o ns o f t h eir subj e c t s a ,

fe eli ng o f d ev o t ed lo ya lt y a pp ea r s t o h a v e b een
c o m bine d wi t h v ener a t i o n fo r t h e sun t h e a nc est o r
,

o f t h eir so v er e igns It is c lea r t ha t t he r eligi o us

.

b eli efs o f t he p eo p le w er e in p er fec t ha rmo ny wi t h

t h e r em a rk a b le so c i a l syst em o n w h i c h t he I nc a
g o v ernment w a s b a sed .
 CHAPT E R I X
T H E IN CA CA LEN DA R , F E ST IV A LS, AN D D R ES S OF T H E

V
S O ER EIG N AN D H IS Q U EEN

R ELIG ION in it s ri t ua l a nd
, b rva nc es r i
c e em o n a l O se ,

w as d ep end ent o n t h e a nnua l r e c ur r enc e Of a gri

c ult ur a l e v ent s suc h a s t he pr ep a r a t i o n o f t h e

la nd so win g a nd ha rv est a nd b o t h we r e d ep end ent

, , ,

o n t h e c a lend a r In t he r e c o rds o f t he o ld ki ngs

.

t he gra dua l i mp r o v em ent s in c a lc ula t ing t h e

c o min g a nd g o i n g o f t h e se a so ns a re r ec o rd e d a nd ,

un d er t h e I nc a s a c e r t a i n a ppr o a c h t o a c c ur a c y
ha d b e en a t t a ined The so lst i c es a nd e qui no x es
.

were c a refully o b serve d .

St o ne pi lla r s w er e e rec t e d e ight o n t h e east a nd ,

e ight o n t he w est sid e o f C uz c o t o o b serv e t h e ,

so lst i c es They wer e in d o ub le r o ws fo ur a nd

.
,

fo ur t w o lo w b et ween t w o h igh o nes t w ent y fee t

, ,

ap a r t A t t he hea d s o f t h e pi lla rs t h er e w er e di sc s
.

fo r t h e sun s ra ys t o e nt er Ma rks were m a de o n

’
.

t he gr o und whic h ha d b een le v elle d a nd p a v e d

,
.

Lines wer e dra wn t o m a rk t he mo v em ent s o f t he

sun as sh o wn w h en it s r a y s ent er e d t he h o le s in
,

t he pi lla r s The pilla rs w er e c a lle d Sa c a nca fro m

.
,

Suca a ridge o r furr o w t he a lt erna t e light s a nd

, ,

sha d e s a pp e a ri ng lik e furr o w s .

1 15
1 16 SOLA R OB SERVA T IONS

To a sc e r t a in t h e t i me
quino x es t her e of t he e

w as a st o ne c o lumn in t h e o p en sp a c e b e fo r e t h e
t em p le o f t h e sun in t h e c en t r e o f a la rg e c ir c le
, .

A line w a s dra wn a c r o ss t he p a v e d a rea fr o m east

t o w est The Ob serv er s w a t c he d wh er e t h e sha d o w
.

o f t h e c o lumn w a s o n t h e li ne fr o m sun ri se t o

sunse t a nd wh en t h er e w as no sh a d o w a t n o o n
, .

TH E I N T I H UA
- T AN A OF PIS SA C ( fro m SQUIER ) .

T his i nst ument r Int i huat a na , w h i c h

w as c a lle d -

m ea ns t h e p la c e w her e t h e sun is t i e d up o r
e nc ir c le d T her e a re a lso Inti ha at a nas o n t he
.
-

he ight o f Olla nt a y t a mp u, a t Pissac a t H a t un

-
,

c o lla , a nd in o t h e r p la c es .

The a nc i ent na m e Of t he sun w a s Uilca As .

a d ei t y it w a s Int a A s t h e giv er o f d a y light it

l

was Pa nc ha u ,
or La p i .

1 UILCA b ec a me t h e w o rd fo r y t hing
an sa c re d . N
I TI w a s t he
n a me o f t he fa m ilia r s p irit or H ua a qa i of M a nc o Cc a p a c in t he fo rm
1 18 T H E M ONT H S

t he int er c a la t i o n by ma rk s pla c e d on t he ho riz o n,

to d eno te where t he sun r o se a nd set o n t he da ys
o f t he so lst i c es a nd e quino x es Ob serv a t i o ns o f .

t he sun w er e t a k e n e a c h m o nt h .

T here is so m e wa nt o f a gr eement a mo ng t he
a ut h o ri t i es w h o giv e t he na m e s o f t he m o nt hs .

So m e h a v e t he sa me na m es but t hey a re no t giv en ,

t o t h e sa m e m o nt h s w h i le o t h er s h a v e di ffer ent ,

na m es Aft er a c a re ful a na lv sis I ha v e c o m e t o t he

.

c o nc lusi o n t ha t t h e list giv en by C a la nc ha P o lo d e ,

On d egard o fA c o st a M o rua a nd C o b o s whi c h is t he

’

, ,

o ne a cc ep t e d by t he se c o nd C o un c i l o f Lim a is t h e ,

m o st c o rr ec t E a c h o ne o f t h e o t her a ut ho ri t i es ha s
.
1

m o r e na m es in a gr e em ent wi t h t he C a la nc h a li st
t h a n wi t h a ny o t h e r Ac o st a is in c o mp let e a gr ee .

m en t a s far a s h e go e s but o nly giv es eig ht mo nt h s ,

.

Th e c o rr ec t c a lend a r w a s I b eli e v e as fo llo ws , ,

J a ne 2 2 t o J uly 22 INT IP R A Y M I .
( J a ne Wint er
So lst ic e H arvest Fest iva l
. .

J uly 22 t o A ug 22 CH A H UA R Q UIS . . .

A ug 22 t o S ep t 22
. CCA PA C SIT UA . .
( Sep t . Sp ring
Eq uinox . Exp ia tory Fest iva l .

S ep t . 22 t o Oct . 22 . CC OY A R A Y M I ( Sep t . Sp ring

Eq uino x .

Oct 22 t o No v 22
. . . UM A R A Y M I .

Nov 2 2 t o Dec 22
. . . A Y A M A R CA ( Dec . Summ er Solst ic e .

Or CAN T A R A Y .

Dec 2 2 t o J a n 2 2
. . . CCA PA C R A Y M I ( Dec . Summer
So lst ic e.H a a ra chic u Festiva l .

Jan . 22 t o Feb 2 2 CA M A Y
. . .

1 Mo lina B e t a nz o s Ferna nd ez
, , ,
V el a sco , H ua ma n Po ma . Mo n
t esino s me nt io ns o ne o r t w o m o nt h s.
H EA D DRESS O F H IG H P R IE S T [S ee p . 10 5

G OL D T UP U OR P IN
120 TH E H A RVE ST F E ST IVA L
figur es were st a m p ed b ei ng c o nve x o n t he o ut er ,

sid e a nd c onc a v e o n t h e i nne r T he o ut er di a m et e r .

w a s 51 0 i nc h es t he i nne r 4 i nc h e s
3
,
T his is by .

fa r t h e m o st i nt er est ing r eli c o f t h e I nc a s t h a t is

kno wn t o us I b eli eve t ha t t he figur es r o und
l
.

t he b o rd e r r epr e sent t h e m o n t h s a nd t ha t t h e ,

fi v e sp a c es sep a r a t ing t h em o ne a b o v e a nd fo ur ,

b elo w are i nt ende d fo r t he fi v e int er c a la ry d a ys

, ,

A llcac a nga is 2
In givi ng a n a c c o un t o f t he
.

m o nt hs a nd t h eir fest iva ls I wi ll p la c e ea c h figur e ,

t a k en fr o m t he b o rd e r o f t he br ea st p la t e a gainst
t h e m o nt h wh i c h I w o uld sugg est t ha t it r epr e sent s ,

wi t h a d esc rip t i o n .

IN T IP H A Y M I t he fir st m o nt h o f t he P eruvi a n
,

yea r b egins a t t he wint er so lst i ce o n Jun e

, ,

T he sign o f t h e g o ld br ea st p la t e o c c ur s fo ur
t i m es fo r fo ur m o nt hs t w o b eginni ng a nd t w o
, ,

e ndi ng wi t h a so lst i c e Th e dia m o nd s o n t he right .

a nd b e lo w p er h a p s i ndi c a t e dir ec t i o n .

T he gr e a t h a rv est fest iva l Of Intip Ra ymi is

pi c t ur esquely d esc rib ed by Va lera T he ha rvest .

ha d b een go t in T her e w a s a grea t b a n quet in

.

t he Ca si Pa t a o ne o f t he pri nc ip a l squa r es o f
,

C uz c o when t he Or ej o nes r enewe d t heir ho ma ge

, .

All t rac es o f it a re lo st
1 Dr M a x le . . Ub rec e nt l y ma d e
inquirie s o f G enera l Ec h e nique s so n, but he
’
kn w
e no t hing
a b o ut it .

2 A llca , w a nt in o r m issin g g ca nqui, y o u a re .

3 B b
a l o a , Ferna nd e z , Co o s, b a nd H ua ma n Po ma hv a e A ucay
Cuz qui fo r t is mo nt h
Mo lina h as Cuz qui R a ymih . . B e t a nz o s

H a tun Cuz qa i T he Co unc il o f Lima , Ca la nc a , Po lo ,

. h Mo rua ,
A co st a , a nd V ela sco h v a e Yntip R aymi .
 A PP AE RA NCE OF T H E IN CA 12 1

Ri sing a b o ve b ui ldings t o t he no r t h
t he
c o uld be se en t he b ea ut i ful fa ca d e o f t h e p a la c e o f

Pa c ha c ut i wi t h t he sa c r e d fa rm o f Sa usiru a nd
, ,

a b o v e t hem t he pr e c ipi c e o f t h e Sa c sa hua m a n ,

c r o w ne d by t h e fo r t r e ss On t h e sides o f t h e
.

squa r e w e r e t h e t em p le s t o U ir a c o c h a a nd o t h e r
-
,

e difi c es b ui lt Of st o ne a nd r o o fe d wi t h t h a t c h T he .

i ma ges o f Uir a c o c ha o f t he Sun a nd o f T hunder

-
, ,

wer e br o ught o ut a nd p la c e d o n t h eir g o ld en

a lt a r s
. Pr esent ly t he Inc a a nd t he C c o ya ent er e d
t he squa r e a t t h e h e a d Of a lo ng pr o c essi o n wi t h ,

t h e st a nd a rd t h e T up a c Ya a ri o r g o ld en sc ep t r e
, , ,

a nd t h e r o ya l w e a p o n s b o rne b efo r e t h em .

T hi s c ent ra l figur e o f t he So ver eign Inc a w a s

c o nst a nt ly seen o n a ll gr ea t o c c a si o n s Wi t h t he.

help o f t he p o r t r a i t s a t Sa nt a An a o f t he Sk et c h e s
,

in t h e c uri o us m a nusc rip t o f H ua m a n P o m a a nd ,

Of d e sc rip t i o ns w e c a n i m a gi ne t h e a pp ea r a nc e o f
,

t he P e ruvi a n em p e r o r .

Ma ny genera t i o ns o f c ult ur e a nd o f rule ha d

pr o duc e d m en o f a v ery d ifl ere nt t yp e fr o m a ny

P eruvi a n India n o f t o d a y We see t h e Inc a s in t he

-
.

pi c t ur es a t t he c hur c h o f Sant a An a a t Cuz c o .

T he c o lo ur o f t he skin w a s m a ny Sha d es light er

t h an t ha t o f t he d o wn t r o dd en d e sc enda nt s o f
-

t he ir subj e c t s t h e fo r eh e a d h igh t h e no se slight ly

,

a quiline t h e c hi n a n d m o ut h fir m t h e wh o le fa c e
, ,

ma j est i c r efin e d a nd in t ellec t ua l T h e ha ir w a s

, ,
.

c a r e fully a rr a nge d a nd r o und t h e h ea d w a s t h e

,

Sign o f so v er e i nt y Th e lla a ta a pp ea r s t o h a v e
g .

b een a sh o rt pi ec e o f red fringe o n t h e fo rehea d ,

1 22 DRE SS OF T H E IN CA

fa st ene d r o un d t he h ea d by t w o b a nd s It w a s .

ha bi t ua lly w o rn, but wh en pr a yi ng t h e Inc a

t o o k it Off a nd p ut it o n t h e gr o un d b esid e him
,
.

The c er em o ni a l h ea d dr e ss w a s t he masca p a ycha , a

-

g o lden sem i c irc ula r m i t re o n t h e fr o nt o f whi c h

t h e lla a t a w a s fa st en e d Bright c o lo ur e d fea t her s.
-

wer e fixe d o n t he sid es, a nd a p lum e r o se o v er t he

summ it
L o ng go lden ear dr o p s c a m e d o wn
.
-

t o t h e sh o uld er s T he t uni c a nd m a nt le v a ri e d
.

in c o lo ur a n d w er e m a d e Of t h e fi nest v ic ufi a w o o l
,
.

In w a r t he m a nt le w a s t wi st e d a nd t i e d up eit he r ,

o v e r t h e le ft sh o uld e r o r r o un d t h e w a i st On .

t he br ea st t h e I nc a s w o r e a c irc ula r g o ld en br ea st
p la t e r epr e sent ing t he sun wi t h a b o rder Of signs ,

fo r t he m o nt h s The la t er I nc a s w o r e a v ery
.

ri c h kind o f bro c a de in b a nds sewn t o get her , ,

fo rml ng a wid e b elt The b a nd s w er e in squa r es

.
,

e a c h w i t h a n o r na m ent a n d a s t hese o r na m ent s ,

w ere i nva ri a b le t h er e w a s pr o b a b ly so m e mea ni ng

a t t a c h e d t o t h em .

T he m a t eri a l w a s c a lle d t oca p u a nd w a s ,

gener a lly w o rn a s a wide b elt o f t hree b a nd s .

So m e o f t h e I nc a s ha d t h e who le t uni c Of t o ca p a 1 .

The br ee c h e s w er e b la c k a nd in lo o se p lea t s ,

a t t h e kn ees The a sa t as o r san da ls we r e o f

.
, ,

w hi t e w o o l .

T h e I nc a e quipp e d fo r w ar h a d a la rge squa r e

, ,

sh i e ld Of w o o d o r lea t he r o r na m ent e d wi t h p a t t e r ns
, ,

1 Inc a R o c c a is sa id to hv
a e in vent ed mp i, o r v er fi ne
t he ca y
c lo t h , a nd t he in vent io n b
o f t he to ca p u is a t t ri ut ed t o his gra nd so n

Ui ra - c o c h a.
1 24 VIR GINS A T T H E F E ST I VA L

co vere d wi t h whit e c o t t o n c lo t hs a nd a do rned ,

wi t h flo wers .

T he A CLLA S o r virgins o f t h e sun t h en a pp ea r e d

, , ,

dr esse d in whit e r o b es wi t h di a d em s o f go ld , .

They c a m e t o se rve a t t he fea st C o mm enc ing .

wi t h t he Inc a a nd t he Cc o y a t h ey ga ve t o a ll a b un ,

d a nt ly a d din g p lent y o f c hic h a

, Fina lly t hey .

ga ve t o ea c h guest a piec e o f t he Illa y T a nt a o r ,

sa c re d br ea d whi c h w a s lo o k e d up o n a s a pr ec i o us
,

gift a nd preserv e d by t he rec ipi ent as a r elic

,
.

Aft e r t he feast t he virgin s br o ught t he c lo t h

t hey ha d b een w e a vi ng during t h e wh o le y ea r a nd ,

present e d t he b est a nd m o st c uri o us pi ec es t o t he

Inc a a nd t he m emb ers Of his fa mi ly t h en t o t he ,

princ ip a l lo rds a nd t heir fa milies T he c lo t h w a s .

a ll o f vi c un a w o o l lik e si lk Th e virgin s a lso

,
.

present ed ro b es ga rlands o rn a ment s a nd many

, , ,

o t he r t hings T o t he r est o f t he grea t a ssem b ly t hey

.

dist rib ut e d c o a rser c lo t h o f w o o l and c o t t o n Th e .

h a rv est fest ivi t i es w ere c o nt inue d fo r severa l d a ys .

C h a huar Qu z i 1 t he
nex t m o nt h fr o m July 2 2
, ,

t o August 22 w a s t he seaso n fo r p lo ughing

,

t he la nds wi t ho ut c essa t i o n a nd by r ela y s

, Th e .

S ign o n t h e br ea st p la t e seem s t o i ndic a t e t h a t t h e

w o rk w a s c o nt i nuo us b o t h by t he light o f t he sun , ,

a nd o f t h e m o o n a nd st a rs .

1 B e t a nz o s h a s Ca ha a qa is , or Cha hua r H a a rqa i a c co rd in g to

Po lo , A c o st a , Co o s, a nd Fe r na nd e z
b M o lina h a s T a rp a y Quill a .

a nd M oro n Pa ssa H ua ma n Po m a h a s Cha c ra C a na oa y

. Pa ssa .

sh o ul d be Pa csa , t he mo o n, a nd T a rp a y Quilla m ea ns t he se w ing

m o nt h . Ca na oa y is to c o nsul t to g th
e er , a nd Cha cra , a fa rm ;
B lba oa has Cha hua r qa is -
.
 SIT U A F E ST IVA L 1 25

Cc a p ac Sita a w as t he t hir d m o nt h, t h e sea so n

1

fo r so wi ng t he la nd T h e sign o n t h e br ea st
.

p la t e indic a t es furro ws o n o ne side, a nd t he a c t

o f p o uring se e d o n a pr ep a re d p lo t o f gr o und
o n t he o t h er An o t h er na m e fo r t hi s m o nt h is
.

Ya p a guis t h e w o rd Ya p a m ea ning a n a ddit i o n

,

t o la nd , o r p lo ugh e d la nd Ya p a na b eing a p lo ugh , .

It w a s fr o m August 22 t o Sep t emb er 22 .

Cco ya R a ymi fr o m Sep t em b er 22 t o Oc t o b er

,

22, w a s t h e fo ur t h m o nt h , c o mm enc ing wi t h t h e

v erna l e quino x It w a s t he m o nt h for t he gr ea t
.

no c t urnal expi a t o ry f st iv a
e l c a lle d SIT UA 2
On t he .

breast pla t e t h e signs r epresent t he noc t urna l

c h a r a c t e r Of t h e feast T h e Obj ec t o f t h e fest iv a l
.

w a s t o pr a y t o t h e Cr ea t o r t o be p lease d t o sh i eld
?

t h e p eo p le fro m si c k ness a nd t o d rive a ll e vi ls ,

fro m t h e lan d .

A grea t num b er o f m en wi t h la nc es, a nd fully

a rm e d fo r w a r assem b le d in t he I nti P a m a o r
, p p ,

o p en sp ac e in fr o nt Of t h e t emp le o f t he sun , w her e

t he High Pri est pro c la im e d t he fea st Th e a rm e d .

m en t h en sh o ut e d O si c kn ess disa st er a nd mis

’

fo rt une, go fo r t h fr o m t h e la n d F o ur hun dre d

m en assem b le d T hey a ll b elo nged t o a ylla s, o r
.

c la ns, o f t h e highe st r a nk Three a yllus o f r o ya l.

desc ent were represent ed a nd fo ur o f t ho se d esc end,

ing fro m t h e c h o sen fo llo w ers o f t h e A ya rs T her e .

1 P0 10 , A c o st a , B lba oa a nd Co b os hv
a eYa p a qa is ; H ua m a n
Po ma h as Cha cra Ya p a y ; B
e t a nz o s h as Cca p a c S iga is ; Ferna nd e z
T uz qa a quis Ya p a y is t o lo u
. p gh .

, g
2 Al l a ree e xc e t p B
e t a nz o s a nd F e rna nd ez , w h o hv
a e S ita a Q uis .
126 SIT UA FE STIVAL
w ere t went y t o t went y fi v e -
selec t e d fr o m ninet een

a gllus. One hun dr ed fac e d t o t he so ut h , o ne

hundr e d t o t he west o ne hun dr e d t o t he e a st

, , a nd

o ne hundr e d t o t h e no rt h Aga in t hey sh o ut ed, .

GO fo r t h , a ll e vi ls ! Then a ll fo ur c o m p a ni es
’

ra n wi t h gr e a t sp e e d in t he dir ec t i o ns t h ey w e re

fac i ng T ho se fa c ing so ut h ran a s far a s Ac o ya

.

p unc u, 1 a b o ut t w o lea gues fina lly b a t h ing in

t he riv er a t Quiquisana Those fac ing w est ra n
.

a s far as t he rive r Ap uri m a c , a nd b a t he d t h er e .

T hese fac ing e ast ra n a t full sp ee d o ver t he pla t ea u

o f Chit a a nd d o wn int o t he Vilc am ayu v alle y,
b a t hing a t Pissac T ho se fa c ing no rt h ra n in t ha t
.

direc t i o n unt il t hey c am e t o a st rea m where t h ey ,

bat he d T he riv ers w ere supp ose d t o c a rry t h e

.

e vi ls t o t h e se a .

When t he c eremo ny c o mmenc e d and t he a rmed

m en st a r t e d o n t he ir r a c es a ll t he p eo p le c am e t o
,

t he ir d o o r s a nd sh a king t he ir m a nt les sho ut e d

, ,

Let t he e vi ls be go ne O Cr ea t o r o f a ll t hings
.
,

p ermit us t o rea c h a no t her yea r t hat w e m a y see ,

a no t he r feast lik e t h i s Inc luding even t he Inc a

’
.
,

t he y a ll d a nc e d t hr o ugh t h e night a nd w ent in t he ,

m o rning t wi ligh t t o b a t h e in t h e rivers a nd fo un

t a ins. They held grea t t o rc hes Of st raw b o und
r o und wi t h c o rds whi c h t hey light e d a nd went o n
,

p la yi ng wi t h t hem p assing t hem fro m o ne t o t he

,

o t he r . T he y were c a lle d Pa nca rc u M ea nwhi le .

,

p uddings o f c o a rsely gro und ma iz e c a lled S a ncu , ,

were prep a red in e very ho use T hese p uddings .

1 No w c a lled A ngo s t ura .

128 H UAR A CH ICU

t he P eruvi a ns disc o ver e d

m e kin d o f dist i lling so

pr o c e ss a n d m a de a spirit c a lled a ina p u o r sora

,
1
.

D rinking t o e xc ess preva i led a t a ll t h e fest iva ls,

whi le t he m a n w h o dra nk m uc h a nd kep t his he a d
w a s he ld in high est eem T hi s preva lenc e o f .

d runk enness a t t he fest iva ls led t o o t he r vi c es,

a n d w a s t h e m o st p e rni c i o us h a bi t t h ey indul e d in
g .

A ya ma rca ix t h m o nt h fr o m No vem b er 22
,
2
t he s ,

t o D e c em b e r 2 2 end e d wi t h t he summ e r so lst i c e

, ,

a nd h a d a sign o n t h e br east p la t e si mila r t o t h e

m o nt h o f t h e wi nt er so lst i c e
“
The na m e is t h a t .

Of a o nc e p o w e r ful t rib e nea r C uz c o w hic h h eld ,

t h eir H a a ra c k c a fe st iv a l in t his m o nt h
i 3 In .

Cuzc o it w as a t i m e Of pr ep a ra t i o n fo r t he gr ea t
H ua rac hicu fest iv a l in t h e fo llo win g m o nt h .

Quant i t i es o f c h i c ha c o nt inue d t o be br ew e d
a ft er t h e Ca nt a ra
y
4
f a shi o n w h a t e v e r t h a t m ay ,

h a v e b e en T h e y o ut h s w ho w ere t o r e c e iv e
.

t he ir a rm s in t h e ne x t m o n t h w ent t o t h e v e ry ,

sa c r e d ha a c a c a lle d H U A N A CA U R I t o o ffe r sa c rifi c e s

a nd a sk his p er m i ssi o n t o rec eive knight ho o d .

T hi s hua ca w a s o n a hi ll a b o ut t hree mi les fr o m

1 Fro m nin a ni, I fill . G arc il a sso a lso me nt io ns t he st ro ng

d rin k c a ll ed a in a p u (i
. 27 7 , iii . a nd b tho G a rc ila sso a nd

A c o st a m ent io n S a m .

2 All a gre e , e xc e p t B et a nz o s a nd Fer na nd e z , w ho h v C t y

a e a n a ra .

3 As A y a m ea ns d ea t , se e ra l a ut h v h o rit ies t h ug h t A y m
o a a rca

was v
a fes t i a l in h
o no ur o f t h e d e c ease d ; but I t hi k t h t M li
n a o na

s h o uld be fo llo w e d h ere , w ho g iv es t he d e r i v a t io n a s in t h e t e xt

T he t erm ina t io n M a r ea s h o ws t h at t h e w o rd w a s t he na m e of a

pl a c e.

4 B e t a nz o s a nd Ferna nd e z g iv e Ca n la ra y as t he na me of t he
mo nt h .
 H UAR A CH ICU 12 9

Cuzc o a nd w as o ne o f t he A yars br o t h er o f
, ,

M a nc o Cc a p a c t ur ne d i nt o st o ne It sp ec i a lly
, .

pr esided o ver t he H ua rac bicu fest iv a l T he yo ut hs .

p a ssed t he night o n t he sa c r e d hi ll a nd fa st ed , .

Cc ap ac R a ymi fr o m D ec em b er 22 t o J a nua ry 22
, ,

w a s t he se v e n t h mo n t h 1 b eginning wi t h t he ,

summ er so lst i c e On t he br e a st p la t e it ha s t he
.

so lst i t i a l Sign wi t h t h e di a m o n d s p o i nt i ng di ffer ent ly

,
.

In t hi s m o nt h w as t h e gr a n d e st R a ymi o r fest iv a l , ,

in t h e yea r c a lled H a arac hic u

, .

Aft er go ing t hr o ugh a n o rd ea l t h e y o ut h s ,

wer e giv en a rms a llo w ed t o wea r br eec hes c a lle d

, ,

ha ara a nd ha d t h e ir ea r s pi er c e d
, D ur i ng t h e .

fir st eigh t da ys o f t he mo nt h a ll t he r ela t i o ns
wer e busily emp lo ye d in pr ep a ring t he a sa ta s ,

o r sh o e s m a d e o f fi n e r e e d s a lm o st o f t h e c o lo ur

o f g o ld a nd t he huara s Of t he si new s o f lla m a s

, ,

a nd in em br o id eri ng t h e shi r t s in w hic h t h e y o ut h s

were t o a pp ea r when t hey w ent t o t he hi ll o f

H ua nac a a ri T h e shir t s w er e m a d e o f fi n e
.

yello w w o o l wit h b la c k b o rde rs o f st i ll fin er w o o l

lik e si lk T he y o ut h s a lso w er e m a nt les Of w hi t e
.

wo o l lo ng a nd na rr o w r ea c hing t o t he knees
, ,
.

T hey w ere fast ened r o und t h e nec k by a c o rd fr o m

whenc e hung a red t a ssel The yo ut hs w er e .

c lo t h e d in t hi s dr ess sho rn a nd t a k en t o t h e , ,

grea t squa r e by t heir p a r ent s a nd r ela t i o ns T he .

la t t er w e re yello w m a nt le s wi t h b la c k p lum es o n
t h eir h ea ds fr o m a bird c a lle d ga it o M a ny .

1 All a g re e e xc e pt B e t a nz o s, w h o h a s Puc uy R a ymi, a nd F erna n

d ez , Pa ra Up iay, or b
d o u le d rin ki g
n .
’
1 30 H UA R A CH ICU

yo un g m a idens a lso c a m e a ged fro m elev en t o ,

fo ur t een o f t h e b est fa m i li es c a rryi ng v a ses o f

, ,

c hi c h a. T hey wer e c a lled Na st a c a lli sap a ,

o r pri nc esses o f un e qua lle d v a lo ur T h e i m a g es .

Of t h e d ei t i es w e r e br o ugh t o ut a nd t h e y o ut h s ,

a nd m a id ens wi t h t h e ir r ela t i o ns w er e gr o up e d
, ,

a r o un d .

Th e I nc a c a m e fo r t h a nd t h e y o ut h s o b t a i ne d ,

p erm i ssi o n fr o m him t o sa c rific e t o H a a nac a uri .

E ac h ha d a lla m a pr ep a r ed a s a n o ffering a nd t hey ,

a ll m a r c h e d wi t h t h eir r ela t i o ns t o t h e sa c r e d h i ll
, , .

T ha t night t h ey slep t a t a p la c e c a lle d M a t a bua 1

,

a t t h e fo o t o f t h e h i ll A t d a w n n ex t d a y t he y .

d eliv ere d up t h eir Offerings t o t h e T A R PUN T A Y a nd

a sc en d e d t h e hi ll st i ll fa st i ng T hi s w a s t he
,
.

pra yer t h ey o ffer ed t o t he H a a nacaa ri :

O H UA N A CA UR I o ur Fa t her m a y t he Crea t o r, t he
, ,

Sun, a nd t h e T hund er e v er rem a in y o ung a nd nev er ,

b ec o m e Old Ma y t hy so n, t he Inca , e v er ret ain his yo ut h

.
,

a nd gra nt t h a t h e m a y ro s er in a ll his und ert a k in s

p p g .

T o us, t hy so ns w h o no w c eleb ra t e t his fest iv a l, gra nt

,

t h a t w e m a y be e v er in t h e ha nd s o f t h e Crea t o r a nd in
t hy h a nd s
’
.

B a gs d chusp as wer e t hen giv en t o t h e

c a lle

yo ut hs a nd br eec h es m a d e Of a lo e fibre a nd
,

si new s o f lla m a s c a lle d ha a ra , Th e y o ut h s t hen .

m a r c h e d t o a ra vi ne c a lle d Quirirma nt a w her e ,

2

t h ey w er e m e t by t he ir r ela t i o ns a nd sev ere ly fl o gg e d

t o t ry t h e ir e nd ur a nc e T hi s w a s fo llo we d by t h e .

A h lt i g p l
l af t h Ay
n -
S p 53
a ce o e a rs . ee . .

2 I bid . See p . 52 .
1 32 H UAR A CH ICU

r a n lik e d eer r
a c o ss p la in— a t hri lli ng sight Few
t he .

p eo p le in t he new o r Old wo rld c o uld e qua l t he

, ,

P eruvi a ns in sp ee d a nd t he c o m p et i t i o n t o be
,

t h e fir st t o r e c e iv e dri nk s fr o m t h e h a n d s o f b eaut y
w a s v ery c lo se T h er e w er e m o r e so ngs a nd
.

di sc ip lina ry fl o gging a nd in t h e ev eni ng t he gra nd

,

pr o c essi o n w a s fo rm e d t o r et ur n t o Cuzc o hea d e d ,

by t h e S a nta r Pa uc a r o f t h e I nc a a nd t h e R a ymi
Na p a o r g o ld en lla m a
,
.

On t h e nex t d a y t he r ewa rd s w er e di st rib ut ed by

t h e I nc a in p er so n o n t h e h i ll c a lle d R aurana
, .

T h e a spir a nt s h a d p a sse d t h e night in a p la c e

c a lle d H a a ma n Ca nc ha ( p la c e o f fa lc o ns) a t t he ,

fo o t o f t h e h i ll w h i c h is t w o miles fr o m Cuz c o
, .

T h e I nc a pr o c eed e d t o t he summ i t Of t he hi ll ,

wher e st o o d t h e kuaca c a lle d R a ura na c o nsi st i ng ,

o f t w o fa lc o ns c a rv e d in st o ne up o n a n a lt a r
, .

T he pri est o f t h e kua ca o ffi c i a t e d a t t he p re

lim ina ry pra y er s a nd sa c rifi c es t h e y o ut h s st a ndi ng
,

in r o w s b e fo r e t h eir so ver eign T here wer e pra yers

.

t h a t t h e a spir a nt s mig h t b e c o m e v a li a nt a nd
e nt e rpri si ng w a rri o r s T he ka ylli w a s sung a nd
.
,

a t a sig n fr o m t h e I nc a t h e pri est pr esent e d e a c h

,

o f t h e y o ut h s wit h breec hes c a lle d hua ra yura ,

e ar pi e c e s Of g o ld
-
re d m a nt les wi t h b lue t a sse ls
, ,

a nd re d sh ir t s . T he y a lso r ec eiv e d d i a d em s wi t h
p lum es c a lled p ilco ca ssa a nd pi ec es o f go ld,

a nd si lv er t o h a ng r o und t h e ir nec k s T h en .

fo llo w e d so ngs a nd hymn s w hi c h la st e d fo r a n

,

h o ur . The r e t urn t o C uz c o w a s in t h e sa m e
o rd e r a s o n t he pr e vi o us d a y .
 H UA R A CH ICU 1 33

Nex t t h er e w a s a gra n d p er fo rm a nc e in t he
H ua ca y Pa ta or princ ip a l squa r e o f Cuzc o
, .

T he ski ns o f j a gua r s a nd p um a s h a d b een pr ep a r e d

wi t h t he h ea ds, h a vi ng go ld pi ec es in t heir ea r s ,

go lden t eet h and g o ld en ri ngs, c a lled c hip a na ,

,

o n t h e ir p a w s T ho se w ho wer e dr esse d in t h e
.

ski ns wi t h m a ny o t h e r m en a n d w o m en p er fo r m e d
, ,

a c e r em o ni a l d a nc e t o t h e m usi c Of dr u ms T he .

d a nc e w a s p er fo rm ed wi t h a c a b le whi c h w a s ,

kep t in a b ui lding c a lle d M ore Urco , n ea r t he

t emp le o f t h e sun T h e c a b le w a s w o v en in fo ur
.

r
c o lo u s—
b la c k whi t e , red , a nd yello w A t t he
,
.

e nd s t h er e w er e st o ut b a lls Of re d w o o l A ll o v e r
.

t h e st ra n ds sm a ll p la t e s o f g o ld a nd si lv e r w er e
sewn . Th e c a b le w a s c a lle d H ua sca r E v ery .

o ne t o o k h o ld o f it , m en o n o n e sid e di sguise d in

t h e ski n s a nd he a d s o f wi ld b e a st s a n d w o m en o n
,

t h e o t h er , a nd so , t o t h e so un d s o f wi ld m usi c ,

t he Ya gaa yra w a s d a nc e d t hr o ugh a gr e a t p a r t

Of t h e nigh t r o un d a nd r o und unt il t he da nc er s
,

were in t he sh a p e o f a spir a l shell a nd t h en un ,

winding Fina lly t h e c a b le w a s t a k en b a c k t o t h e

.

M oro Urco .

Next , in t he t hird week o f t he m o nt h a ll t h e ,

yo ut hs went t o b a t he in t he fo unt ain c a ll e d Ca lis

Pa ga io , a b o ut a mile t o t h e r ea r o f t he fo rt r ess o f
Cuz c o in t he ra vine Of t he H ua t a na y T hey
, .

ret ur ne d t o t he H a a ca y Pa ta a nd wer e so lemnly

,

present ed wi t h t heir a rm s, t he sling , t he c lub , t he

a xe a nd t h e sh i eld
, t h e c er em o ny c o nc luding wi t h
,

pra yers a nd sa c rific es The fin a l e vent w a s t he

.
134 H UA R A CH ICU

b o ri ng of t he r
whic h c o mp let e d t he t ra nsit i on
ea s,

fr o m b o ys t o fully e quipp e d Ore j o nes a nd

w a rr i o r s Ne xt c a m e t he use o f t h e w ea p o ns
. .

Th e next m o nt h fr o m J a nua ry 22 t o F e brua ry

,

22 w a s c a lle d Ca ma y
,
1
It w as t he m o nt h o f exer
.

c i ses a nd sh a m fight s The y o ut hs w ere divi de d .

int o t w o a rmies o f H a na n Cuzc o a nd Hurin Cuzc o ,

a nd o n t he v ery fir st d a y t he y c a m e i nt o t he gre a t

squa r e wi t h t h e H ua ra ca s o r sli ngs a nd b ega n t o , ,

hur l st o nes a t e ac h o t her A t t i m e s t h ey c a me t o .

c lo se qua r t e r s t o t ry t h e st r eng t h o f t he ir musc le s .

The I nc a w a s himself pr esent in p erso n a nd ,

preserve d o rder ; seeing a lso t ha t t he yo un g

wa rri o rs were t aught t o m a rc h t o get her a nd t o use ,

t he a xe a nd t h e c lub D uring t hese e xerc ises t he

.

new knight s wo re b lac k t uni c s fawn c o lo ur e d

~ ,
-

mant les a nd a he a d dr ess o f whit e feat hers fro m

,
-

a bird c a lle d tocto Aft er t he ex erc i ses t here .

w a s a fea st wi t h m uc h dri nking Of c hic ha

, .

T he ni nt h m o nt h w a s t he m o nt h Of t he grea t
rip ening It w a s c a lle d H a tun Pa cuy a nd
.
,

w a s r epr e sent e d by st a lks o f c o r n wi t h c urv e d

b asket s 2
B et a nz o s has Colla Pa ca y B o t h
. .

na m es r e fe r t o t he rip eni ng 3 .

Pa c ha Pa ca y 4
w as t he t ent h m o nt h
'

fro m ,

1 All a g ree e xc e p t B et a nz o s, w ho h a s COYA Q UI S .

2 T he b k as ets a re e xa c t l y as re p re s e nt e d on t he d ra w in gs of

H ua ma n Po ma .

g
3 A ll a ree e x c e t p B et a nz o s, w ho ha s Co lla Pa c uy, a nd Fe rna nd ez ,

Ca c M c ygnis H ua m a n Po ma h a s Pa a ca r Ua m
. .

4 M o lina ha s Pa uca r Ua ray, a nd is fo llo wed by Fe rna nd e z .

T he rest a g ree .
136 F EST IVA LS OB SER VED

w as t h en r
sh o n, t he dest
el unc le c ut t ni g t he
fir st h a ir A t t h e H a a ra c lzicu t h e y o ut h dr o pp e d
.

hi s c hild na m e a nd r e c eive d a n o t h e r na m e t o
,

la st fo r his li fe Gir ls, when t hey were o f a ge ,

.

h a d t o un d ergo a c erem o ny c a lle d Qa ica c hica .

T hey ha d t o fa st fo r t hr ee da ys a nd o n t h e fo ur t h
,

t h e y we re wa sh e d a nd c lo t h e d in a dr e ss c a lle d
A nca lla a sa , wi t h sh o es o f whit e wo o l Their .

h a ir w a s p la it e d a nd a so rt o f ba g w as p la c e d o n
t heir h e a d s The r e la t i o ns t hen c a m e a nd ga ve
.
,

t h e gir l t h e na m e sh e w a s t o b e a r fo r t h e r est of h er
li fe
. T hey pr esent e d gift s but t here were no ,

id o la t r o us prac t i c es .

In a ll t his w e see h o w t h e fa m i ly ri t es a nd ,

t h e fest iv a ls c o ming r o un d wi t h t he m o nt hs w e r e ,

w o ven i nt o t he lives o f t h e p eo ple ; a nd a t least ,

a t Cuz c o ,
t h e c ent ra l fig ur e o f t h e so v er eign Inc a
ro se a b o ve it a ll c o nst a nt ly seen a s t he c hi ef
,

p erso n in a ll t ha t c o nc erne d t h em .

D ur in g t he p a lm y da ys Of t he e mpire t he fest iva ls

w ere o b serve d in eac h pro vi nc e t ho ugh o f c o urse , , ,

wi t h less m agnific enc e un der t he a uspi c es o f t he

,

Vi c ero ys a nd Cura c as .
 CHAPT E R X

LAN G UA G E AN D LIT E R A T UR E OF T H E IN CA S

IT w a s t he wise p o lic y o f t he Inc a s t o t ry t o est a b

li sh o ne la ngua ge t hr o ugh o ut t he ir v ast d o mi ni o ns ,

a nd t he y h a d a n ex c ellent i nst rument fo r t h e ir

p urp o se . Their la ngua ge w as c a lle d Ra na simi -

,

li t era lly t h e m a n s m o ut h o r a s w e sh o uld sa y

’ ’

, , , ,

t he m a n s t o ngue o r t h e hum a n sp eec h It w a s

’
.

sp o k en in it s p er fec t i o n
, in t he Inc a a nd Q uic hua
,

regi o ns t he la nds wa t ere d by t he Vilc a m a yu

,

a nd t h e Ap ur i m ac wit h t he ir t ribut a ri es But

,
.

t h e sp e ec h Of m o re di st a nt t rib es w a s c lo sely
a lli e d
, a nd m e r ely fo rm e d di a le c t s S O t ha t t he ,

e st a b li shm ent o f t h e use o f t h e R a na simi pr esent e d -

but slight difl i c ult ies Indeed I a m inc lin e d t o

. ,

t hink t ha t t he sep a ra t e di a lec t s w er e t h e d ebris

o f o ne o rigina l la ngua g e sp o k en d ur i ng t h e me ga

li t hic a ge D ifferenc es wo ul d be c a use d by t he

.

i so lat i o n o f a ylla s in va lleys diffic ult o f a c c ess The .

sam e w o rd s w o uld r e c e iv e di ffe r ent m ea nings while ,

different wo rds w o uld get t o ha v e t h e sa m e m eaning .

It w a s t he o bj ec t o f t h e rulers o f P eru t h a t t h ese

di fferenc es sh o uld di sa pp ea r a nd t hi s us eful a d
,

mini st ra t ive m e asure w as quic kly a nd a ut o ma t ic a lly

nearing c o mp let i o n T he R a na simi is a ric h
.

1 37
1 38 TH E QU ICH UA LA NG UA G E
a nd flexible la ngua ge
It wo uld be t edio us t o .

e nt er int o m uc h d et a i l, but a few p ec uli a rit ies

m a y be m ent i o ne d The let t ers B , D , F , a nd G
.

( h a rd ) a re w a n t in g , a nd t h e v o w els E a n d O a r e

r a rely used B ut t her e are so m e fo r c ib le gut t ur a ls

.
,

a nd so m e w o rds r e quir e a v ery st r o ng e m p h a si s

on t h e init i a l P a nd d Ch is fr e quent
T .
1
The so un .

In t h e gra mm a r t h ere are n o g ende rs no a rt i c les , ,

a nd t h e p a rt i c le whi c h fo rms t he plur a l o f no uns

, ,

is d ec lin e d Th e v erb s h a v e t w o first p erso ns

.

p lur a l in c lusive a nd exc lusive a nd p a rt i c les whic h

, ,

h a v e t h e e ffec t o f indi c a t ing t ra nsit i o n fro m t h e

fir st p erso n t o t h e sec o nd sec o nd t o t hird t hird , ,

t o fir st a nd t hird t o sec o nd
, But t h e p ec uli a ri t y .

in t h e la ngua g e whi c h gives it suc h great p o we r

o f e xpr essi o n a nd fl e xibi li t y is t he use o f n o mina l

a nd v erb a l p a rt i c les T hey are ex c ee di ngly .

num er o us serving , t o a lt e r t h e p a r t s o f sp e ec h ,

a nd t o m o dify t h e m ea ning s o f w o rd s in a n infinit e

numb er Of w a ys A s is t he c ase wi t h so m e o t he r
.

Am eri c a n la ngua ges t here is a gr ea t va ri et y o f ,

na m e s fo r d e gr ees o f r ela t i o nsh ip Fo r inst a nc e .

,

t here is a di ffer ent w o rd fo r t h e sist er o f a br o t her

a nd t h e si st er o f a si st e r a nd v ice versd , .

Th e R a na simi w a s w ell a d a p t e d fo r a d minis

-

t ra t iv e p urp o ses suc h a s pr o mulga t i ng d ec r e e s

, ,

r ec o rding st a t i st i c s a nd k eepi ng a c c o un t s Fo r
,
.

t he la t t er p ur p o ses t he P e ruvi a ns r e so r t e d t o t he

1 C a ca h a s a m ea ning quit e d iffe re nt fro m Cca ca , t h e la t t er

re p rese nt in g t o ng r g ut t u
a. s r e ra l . T a nia a nd tta nta , p a c ha a nd

p p a c ha h v ve y d iff nt me
a e r e re a ning s.
1 40 RE CORD OF EVENT S
fr o m o t he r r c o uld use t h e k no t s a s re
so u c es,

mi nd ers a nd sugg est er s by wh i c h a n ev e nt c o uld

‘

be k ep t in m e m o ry w i t h m o r e a c c ur a c y Th ese .

w er e t he A ma uta s o r lea rned m en a nd c o unc i llo r s

, .

Fo r t h em t he ga ip us fo rm e d a syst em Of r emin d ers ,

givi ng a c c ur a c y t o kno wledge deriv ed fr o m o t her

m e t ho ds o f r ec o rding e v ent s a nd t r a di t i o ns Fo r .

it c a nno t be supp o se d t h a t t h e syst em o f di ffer ent

c o lo ur e d kno t s c o uld d o m o r e t h a n supp ly a so r t

o f a id t o m em o ry o r a memor ia t ec hnic a
, It is .
,

ho w ev er c er t a in t ha t t h e t r a di t i o n s a nd rec o rd s
,

o f e v ent s w er e pr e serv e d by t he A ma uta s wi t h

c o nsid er a b le e x a c t ness T her e is fo r i nst a nc e t he
.
, ,

Pa c c a ri t a mp u m y t h It is t o ld by Ga rc ilasso d e
-
.

la Veg a Ci e za d e L eo n B et a n z o s B a lb o a M o rua
, , , , ,

M o nt esino s Sa lc a m ayhua a nd Sa rmient o a ll a gr ee

ing sufl
, ,

i c ient ly c lo sely t o pr o v e t ha t pr ec i sely t h e

sa m e t r a di t i o n ha d b een h a n d e d d o wn wi t h t he ,

sa m e d e t a i ls t o t h e ir va ri o us i nfo r m a nt s
, Si mila rly .

t h e d et a i ls o f t he Ch an c a w a r a nd o t her pri nc ip a l
e v ent s w e r e pr ese rv e d .

Sa rm i ent o t ells us h o w t hi s w a s d o ne o n t he
highest a ut h o ri t y H e ex a mine d t hir t y t w o w it
.
-

nesses o f t h e Inc a fa mi ly in 1 5 7 1 a nd hi s fir st,

i nquiry w a s r esp ec t ing t he w a y in whi c h t h e mem o ry

o f hi st o ri c a l e v ent s w a s pr eserv e d H e w as in .

fo r m e d t ha t t h e d e sc enda nt s Of e ac h so ve r eign
fo rm e d a n a yllu o r fa m i ly wh o se d ut y it w a s t o
,

keep t he r ec o rd s o f t he ev ent s o f his r eign T hi s .

w a s d o ne bv h a ndin g d o w n t he hi st o ri es in t he fo r m
o f na rr a t iv es a nd so ngs w hic h t he A ma uta s o f eac h
 PICT URES 14 1

a yllu, p ec i a lly t ra i ned fo r t he dut y le a rnt by

s ,

h ea r t fr o m g ener a t i o n t o g ener a t i o n T h ey h a d .

help by m ea ns o f t h e quip a s a nd a lso by t he use ,

o f pi c t ur es p a i nt e d o n b o a rd s T hese pi c t ures it
.
,

w a s st a t e d w er e pr eserv e d wi t h gr ea t c a r e
,
But .

n o ne h a v e c o m e d o wn t o us Pi c t ur es a re m ent i o ned
.

by Ga rc ila sso d e la Vega a nd t her e are ent ri es in

,

t he r e cent ly di sc o v er e d m a nusc rip t o f H ua m a n

P o ma whi c h m a k e it a lm o st c ert a in t ha t p o r t r a i t s
o f t h e I nc a s a n d t h eir que ens o n c e e xi st e d H ua .

m a n Po m a giv es c lev er p en a nd ink sk e t c h es o f t h e

- -

Inc a s a nd Cc o ya s wi t h a p a ge o f desc rip t i on for ea c h

,
.

In t h e d esc rip t i o ns he n o t o nly giv es a n ac c o unt

o f t h e p er so na l a pp e a r a nc e but a lso m ent i o ns t h e
,

c o lo ur o f t h e t un i c a n d m a nt le Of e a c h I nc a a nd ,

o f t h e acsa
1 a n d llic lla o f ea c h C c o y a No w t hi s
2
.

wo uld be qui t e o ut Of p lac e fo r p en a nd ink sk et c hes - -

.

It is t h er efo r e fa irly c er t a i n t h a t H ua m a n P o m a
, ,

a llud e d t o c o lo ur e d pi c t ur es or t o t h e t r a di t i o n o f
,

t h em a nd t h a t suc h pi c t ur es w er e use d t o a ssi st

,

a nd c o nfir m t h e t r a di t i o ns h a n d e d d o wn in t h e

a lla s wi t h t h e a id o f t h e i Th pr rv
y , g p
a a s e ese a .

t i o n o f t h e t r a dit i o n s a nd li st s Of t h e a nc i ent kin gs ,

a s w e ll a s o f t h e hist o ri c a l e v ent s in t h e r e igns Of

t h e I nc as w er e se c ur e d by t h ese m ea ns Sa rmient o
, .

t ells us t h a t t h e m o st n o t a b le hi st o ri c a l e v ent s w er e
p a int ed o n gr ea t b o a rds a nd dep o si t ed in t h e ha ll
o f t h e t em p le o f t h e sun L ea rn ed p erso ns wer e
.

a pp o i nt e d w h o w er e w ell v erse d in t h e art o f

,

und er st a nding a nd e xp la i ni ng t hem .

1 k
S ir t . M a nt le ,
14 2 RELIE F M A PS— SCH OOLS

T he P eruvi a ns a pp ea r t o hav e b een a dva nc e d

in t he st udy o f ge o gr a p h y a nd in t h e use o f r eli ef
ma p s . Th e pr o vi nc es w er e m e asur e d a n d sur ve ye d ,

a nd t h e n a t ura l fe a t ur e s w e r e sh o wn by m ea ns o f

r
t hese el e f m i a p s m o ul d e d in c la y 1 T h e y w er e .

us ed by t he I nc as fo r a dmi ni st r a t iv e p ur p o ses a nd ,

e sp e c i a lly fo r d e c iding t h e d e st i na t i o ns o f c o lo ni st s .

Garc ilasso d e la Ve ga h a d t he gr ea t a dv a nt a g e o f
se e i ng o ne o f t hese r eli e f m a p s It w a s m a d e o f .

c la y wi t h sm a ll st o nes a nd st i c k s a nd w a s a m o d el
, ,
“
o f t he c i t y Of Cuz c o sh o wi ng t h e fo ur m a in r o a d s
, .

It w a s a c c o rdin g t o sc a le a nd sh o we d t h e squa r es
,

a nd st r eet s a nd t h e st r e a m s a nd t h e surr o unding

, ,

c o unt ry wi t h it s hills a nd va lleys The I nc a .

d ec la res t ha t it w a s w ell w o r t hy o f a dmir a t i o n ,

a nd t ha t t he b est c o sm o gr a p h er in t h e w o r ld c o uld

no t h a v e d o ne it b et t er It w a s c o nst ruc t e d a t
.

Muyna a few lea gues so ut h o f Cuz c o wher e

, ,

Ga rc ilasso sa w it .

T here were Ya cha H uasi o r sc ho o ls a t Cuz c o , , ,

sa id t o h a v e b e en fo und e d by In c a R o c c a , whe r e

yo ut hs w ere t ra ine d and in st ruc t e d a s A ma ut a s

a nd Qa i a ca ma o cs
p y T h e fo r m e r w e r e in c lo se
.

t o uc h wi t h t he hiera rc hy, a nd w er e usua lly e i th e r

pri est s o r c o unc i llo rs o f t h e so vereign The .

H a ra ka ec s o r b a rd s w er e a lso t r a ine d a t t h e se
, ,

inst i t ut io ns .

The R a na -
mi
si w a s no b ly b un da nt ly use d
an d a

in preserving t he o rig ins a nd d evelo p m ent s o f

Andea n c ivi lisa t i o n , a lt h o ugh t he w a nt Of k no w led e
g
Sa rmie nto , p . 120 .
1 44 TH E C UR A OF LA R IS

writ er m a d e sea rc h fo r t he o rigina l t ext o f t he

dr a m a ,
a nd fo r t h e b e st so ur c e s o f info rm a t i o n .

In t h o se d a ys a n i nt ellig ent a nd le a rne d sc h o la r ,

D r Juli a n Oc ho a , w a s R ec t o r o f t h e Univ ersi t y o f
.

San An t o ni o Ab a d a t Cuz c o a nd t h er e a lso r eside d

1
,

in t h e a nc i ent c i t y Of t h e Inc as a v ener a b le la dy

w h o r em em b er e d t h e in sur r e c t i o n o f Pum ac a gua ,
a nd who se int ima t e rela t i o ns wit h t he le a din g
India ns o f t ho se t im es, a nd pr o fo un d kno wledge o f
t h e fo lklo re a nd la ng ua ge Of h er c o unt rym en p la c e d ,

her in t h e first ra nk a s a n e xp o nent o f t ra di t i o n .

It w as unde r t h e guid a nc e o f t hese t w o high

a ut ho ri t i es t h a t t h e pr esent wri t er c o nduc t e d his

r esea rc h es .

T hey t o ld him o f t he exi st enc e o f a la st d esc end

a nt Oi t h e I nc a s, living in o ne Of t h e m o st sec lud e d

va lleys o f t h e east ern And es, a nd p o ssessing t he

o rigina l t ex t o f t h e Old I nc a dr a m a , a nd m a ny o t he r

d o c ument s o f int er est It w a s nec essa ry t o c ro ss

.

t h e lo ft y r a ng e o f m o unt a i ns whic h b o un ds t he
lo v ely v a le o f t he Vilc a m a yu, t o p a ss o ver gr assy
pla t ea ux a t a grea t eleva t i o n, w her e t he sa pp hire
b lue o f t h e sm a ll a lpin e la kes c o nt rast e d wi t h t he
da rk sur fa c es o f t h e pre c ipi t o us c li ffs, a nd t hen t o
de sc end by winding p a t hs, i nt o t he sec lude d va le
,

o f L a ri s . H er e t here w a s a sm a ll c hur c h, a few

hut s, a nd a h o use c o nsi st i ng Of b ui ldi ngs o n t w o
sid es o f a c o ur t y a rd wi t h t he c hurc h t o wer seen
,

o v er t h e r o o f . Awa y in o ne dir ec t i o n t here w a s a

wo o d e d glen o f gr ea t d ep t h , c o nt a i ni ng o ne sma ll
1 A ft e rw a rd s Bi h p
s o of Cuz co .
 DR . J UST INIAN I 1 45

h o use b uilt ver a spring whi c h c o nsist s o f medic ina l

o ,

wa t ers o f sp ec ia l vir t ue fo r va ri o us c o m p la int s A .

sm a ll st r ea m fl o w e d d o wn a no t h er r a vine Of w o nd er

ful b e a ut y wi t h lo ft y m o unt a ins o n e i t h e r sid e

, In .

t h o se d a ys t he do wnw a rd c o ur se Of t he riv e r c a lle d ,

t he Ya na t ild e w as unkno wn R ec ent ly it h as

, .

b e en exp lo re d a nd fo und t o be a t rib ut a ry o f t he

,

Vilc a ma y u .

L a ri s where t he desc enda nt Of t he

Suc h w a s ,

Inc a s live d a s c ura Of t he p a ri sh wi t h his gra nd ,

ni ec e H is n a m e w a s D r P a b lo Just inia ni in
. .
,

direc t de sc ent fro m t he Princ ess Ma ri a Usc a 1 ,

m a rri e d t o P e dr o Ort iz d e Orue t h e E nc o m ender o ,

o f M a ra s It wi ll p erh a p s be r e m em b er e d t h a t
.

Ma r a s w a s t he na m e o f o ne Of t he t rib es whi c h
fo llo we d t he Aya rs fro m P a c c a ri —t a m p u D r Just i . .

nia ni w a s a v ery Old m a n H e c o uld r emem b er t he .

grea t reb ellio n o f Tup a c Am a ru in 17 82 a nd w a s ,

a fri end o f D r An t o ni o V a ld e z w h o r e duc e d t h e

.
,

dram a o f Oll a nt a y t o writ in g .

H is h o use c o nsi st e d o f a lo ng r o o m o p enin g o n

t he c o urt ya rd wi t h sm a ll r o o m s a t e a c h end a nd
, ,

a ki t c h en in t h e o t h er b ui ldin g The fur nit ur e w as .

a lo ng t a b le so m e v e ry Old c h a ir s a n inla id c a bi net

, , ,

a nd t w o a nc i ent c h est s R o und t he wa lls hung .

1 M aria U sc a w as t h e d a u g h t er of t h e Inc a M a nc o , a nd g ra nd

d au ghte r Of H ua yna Cca p a c H er . b ro t h ers w ere t he t hre e la st

Inc a s— Sa y p
ri T u a c , Cusi T itu Yua nqui, a nd T u a c A m a ru p p .

gh
H er d au t e r , Ca t a lina Ort iz d e Orue , m a rried Do n Luis J us t inia ni,
g g h
t he rea t - r ea t -gra ndf a t e r o f Dr Do n Pa lo Po li c ar o Just inia ni,
. b p
c ur a o f Laris . One o f Dr Do n Pa lo s rea t - r e a t -
. b ’
g g grand mo t h ers
was of t he a yllu o f t h e g
re a t In c a , T u a c Yu a nqui p p ,
1 46 DR . JUST INIA NI

p o r t ra i t s o f a ll Inc as fro m M a nc o Cc a p a c t o
t he
Tup ac Am a ru inc luding t he Princ ess Ma ri a Usc a
,
.

Un der t he p o rt ra i t Of Tup ac Amaru w as t he

sent enc e in Q u ic hua : O L o rd ! b eho ld ho w my
enemi es sh e d m b ood T e r e w er e a lso t he
’

y l h .

c o a t s o f a r m s o f t h e I nc a s gr a nt e d by t he E mp er o r

Cha rles V o f Ort iz d e Orue Go nz a lez C a rb a j a l

, , , ,

a nd Just inia ni .

T h e Old c ura t a lke d of t he dra m a o f Olla nt a y ,

of Inc a li t era t ur e a nd o f t he
, o f T up a c r eb elli ons
Am a ru a nd Pum a c a gua H is guest in t h e i nt erva ls
.
,

o f c o pyi ng m a nusc rip t s t o o k lo ng r a m b les d o wn

,

t h e b e a ut i ful v a le Of Ya na t ild e a nd r e j o i c e d t o ,

see t he fri end ly r ela t i o ns t ha t e xi st e d b et w e en

t h e o ld c ur a a nd his p a ri sh i o ner s w h o r a i se d ,

c r o p s o f p o t a t o es a nd o c a s a nd k ep t fl o c k s o f ,

lla m a s whic h fo un d p a st ura ge o n t h e m o unt a i n

slo p e s . Bright a nd full Of c o nv ersa t i o n in t he
d a yt im e t he o ld c ur a so met imes suffer e d fro m
,

h ea d a c h e s in t he ev enin gs H is niec e t h en st uc k
.

c o c a lea v e s a ll o v e r his fo r eh e a d whi c h dr o v e ,

a w a y t h e p a i n so t ha t he li t e r a lly enj o y e d a gr e en
,

o ld a ge . T hi s w as b efo re t he di sc o very o f t he
vir t ue s o f c o c a ine .

Out o f t he o ld c a bi ne t i nla id wi t h m o t her Oi ,

-

p ea rl a nd h a li o t i s D r Just iniani br o ugh t t h e

, .

p edigr ee sho wi ng his d esc ent fro m t he Inc a s ,

a no t h e r p edigr e e sh o wi ng his d esc e nt fr o m t he

E mp ero r Just i ni a n t hro ugh t h e G eno ese fa mi ly ,

a v o lum e o f Old Q ui c hua so ngs a nd t he t e x t o f ,

t he dra m a o f Olla nt a y A ll t he se pr ec i o us d o c u
.
148 DRA M A OF OLLAN T A Y

dr a ma s ha d b een ha nde d d o wn D r Just iniani . .

t o ld m e t h a t t h e Olla nt a y p la y w a s p ut i nt o
wri t ing by D r Do n An t o ni o Va ld e z t he c ura o f
.
,

Si c ua ni fr o m t h e m o ut hs o f Indi a ns
, H e divide d .

it int o sc enes wi t h a few st a g e dir ec t i o ns a nd

, ,

it w a s a c t e d b e fo r e t he unfo r t una t e T up a c Am a r u ,

a fri end o f Va l d e z w h o h ea d e d a n insurr e c t i o n

,

a ga inst t he Sp a ni a rd s in 1 7 82 It w o uld a pp ea r .

t ha t Va ld e z w as no t t he first t o r e duc e t h e p la y t o
w ri t ing fo r t h er e is o r w a s a v e r si o n o f 17 35 a nd
, ,

o t he r s d a t in g fr o m t h e pr e vi o us c en tury 1 .

T he fa t h er o f D r Just iniani w a s a fri end o f .

D r Va ld e z a nd he ma d e a c o py o f t ha t lea rne d
.
,

Qui c hua sc ho la r s manusc rip t T hi s is t he o ne

’
.

whic h I c o pi e d D r Va lde z di e d in 1816 a nd in

. .
,

1 85 3 t he o rigina l Va ld e z m a nusc rip t w a s p o ssesse d

by his neph ew and heir Do n Na r c i so C uent a s o f ,

Tint a I a sc er t a ine d t h e exi st enc e o f a no t her

.

c o py in t h e p o ssessi o n o f D r R o sas t he c ur a o f .
,

C hinc her o a nd t her e w a s a no t h er in t h e m o na st ery

,

o f Sa n D o ming o a t C uz c o whi c h w a s nea rly ,

i llegib le fr o m d a mp But t he li t era t ur e o n t he

.

subj e c t o f t h e dr a m a o f Olla nt a y is e x t ensiv e .

T he p eri o d o f t h e dr a m a is during t he r eig ns o f

t he I nc a Pa c ha c ut i a nd his so n T up a c Yup a nq ui .

T h e her o is a wa rri o r n a m e d A p u Olla nt a y w ho 2

,

w a s Vi c e r o y o f t h e pr o vi nc e o f Ant i suy u T ho ugh -

.

1 Vo n T sc hudi .

2 T he OLLA N T A Y o c c urs in t h e list o f w it nesses who

na m e o f

w e re e xa m ine d by
o rd er o f t h e
,
ic ero V
T o le d o res ec t ing t he y , p
histo r yo f t h e Inc as He e lo n e d . b g
t o t h e A nta sa ya c a yll u .

h v h
I a e no t me t w it it in a ny o t er la c e h p .
 DRAM A OF OLLA N T A Y 149

no t of t he b lo o d r o ya l t hi s y o ung no b lem a n
-
,

ent er t a i ne d a sa c ri le gi o us lo v e fo r a d a ug ht e r o f

t he Inc a na m ed Cusi Co yllur o r t h e j o y ful st a r

’
.
,

T he p la y Op ens wi t h a dia lo gue b e t we en Olla nt a y

a nd his serv a nt Piq ui C ha q ui a wi t t y a nd fa c e t i o us
,

la d who se p un nin g sa lli es fo rm t h e c o mic v e in

whi c h runs t hro ugh t he pi e c e T heir t a lk is o f.

Olla nt a y s lo v e fo r t h e pri nc ess a nd t o t h em

’

e nt er s t he High Pri e st o f t h e Sun w h o by p er

, ,

fo rming a mir a c le e nd e a v o ur s t o di ssua d e t h e

,

a ud a c i o us w a rr i o r fr o m his fo rbidd en lo v e ,

In t he sec o nd sc ene t h e pri nc ess h er self la m en t s

t o her m o t he r t h e a b senc e o f Olla nt a y Th e .

Inc a Pa c ha c ut i ent ers a nd expr esses wa rm a ffec t i o n

,

fo r his c hi ld T w o so ngs are in t r o duc ed t h e

.
,

first b e ing a ha rv est so ng wi t h a c h o rus t hr ea t eni ng

t he bir d s t ha t r o b t h e c o rn a nd t h e se c o n d a
,

m o ur nful lo v e e legy .

Th e lev er pr e sses his suit up o n t h e I nc a in t h e

t hird sc ene a n d is sc o rnfully r ep ulse d
,
H e b ur st s
.

o ut i nt o o p en d efi a n c e in a so li lo quy o f gr ea t fo r c e .

T hen t here is a n a musin g dia lo gue wi t h Piqui

Cha qui and a no t he r lo v e so ng c o nc lud es t h e a c t
, .

Olla nt a y c o llec t s a n a rm y o f Ant i s a nd o c c upi e s,

t h e i mpr e gna b le fo r t r ess in t h e v a lle y o f t h e

Vilc a m a yu sinc e c a lle d Oll a nt a y t a mpu a ec o m
,
-
,

p a nie d by t w o o t h e r c hi e fs n a m e d U r c o H u a r a n c a

a nd H a n c o H ua llu M e a nwhi le Cusi Co llur ga v e

y .
y
birt h t o a fem a le c hild na m e d Ym a Sum a c ( H o w
bea ut iful) a c ri m e fo r whi c h sh e w as i m m ur e d in a
,

dungeo n by h er enra ged fa t her t h e I nc a Pa c ha c ut i

,
.
15 0 OLLANT A Y T A M P U-

Th e c hild is br o ught up in t h e sa m e b ui lding ,

w i t ho ut b e i ng a w a r e o f t h e exi st enc e o f he r
mo t h er.

Olla nt ay t ampu a t t h e ent ra nc e o f a ra vi ne

-
,

d esc ending t o t he va lley o f t he Vilc a ma yu, ri ses

a midst sc enery o f i n desc rib a b le lo v eli ne ss The .

mo unt a in o f t h e princ ip a l ruins is v ery lo ft y a nd

in t he fo rm o f a suga r lo a f, but wi t h na rr o w p la t eaux
bre a king t he st eep slo p e, a nd givi ng ro o m fo r t h e
buildings T here is ne w lit t le left a nd t h eir un
.
,

usua l a rra ng em ent , wh i c h w as m a de a ne c essit y

by t he p ec ulia rit y and na rr o wness o f t he sit es,
m a k es it di ffic ult t o c o mpreh end t he o rigina l p la n .

Mo reo ver t he ruin s are o f different p erio ds, so me

c e r t a i nly b elo ngi ng t o t he m eg a li t hic a ge .

Olla nt a y t a m pu w a s t he fo rt ress defending t he

-

sa c r e d v a lle y fr o m t h e inc ursi o ns o f wi ld t rib es

fro m t he no rt h . It is t he m o st i nt e rest i ng rui n

in P e ru, whet he r fr o m a n hi st o ri c a l o r a legenda ry
p o int o f vi ew It w a s t he sc ene o f t his fam o us
.

Inc a dra ma , a nd h ere t he ga lla nt yo ung Inc a

Manc o repulsed t he a t t ac k o f t he Sp a ni a rds under
H ernando Piz arro .

A fa irly wid e ra vine c a lled Ma rc a c o c ha

,
-
,

d esc ends fro m t h e height s o f t he An des t o t he

Vilc a ma yu v a lley a nd a t it s ent ra nc e t w o lo ft y
,

mo unt a i ns ri se o n ei t h er side wi t h t he lit t le t o wn

,

o f Olla nt a y t a m pu b et w ee n t h em
-
A st eep p a t h
.

le a d s up fo r 300 fe et t o t h e first sm a ll p la t ea u
, ,

c o v e r e d wi t h r uins On t hi s li t t le lev el sp a c e
.

t h e r e a re fi v e i mm e nse st o ne sla b s upright a ga i nst

,
15 2 DRA M A OF OLLA NT A Y

e quino x like t hat which w a s fo rmerly in t he Inti

,

p a m p a a t C u z co .

Ab o ut ha lf a mile up t he M a rc a c o c ha ra v ine t he -

c li ff b ec o m es p erp en di c ula r a nd h e re gi a nt se a t s
,

h a v e b een exc a va t e d ha ving c a n o pi es a nd st ep s

,

up t o t h em wi t h c o nn ec t in g g a lle ri es a ll h ew n
, ,

o ut o f t h e so lid r o c k s One is c a lle d Na sta tia na

.
-

( t h e pri n c ess s se a t ) t h
’
e o t h e r I nca,
m isa n a fr o m -
,

it s r esem b lanc e t o a n a lt a r On t he r o a d fr o m .

t he qua rry t he re are t w o h e wn st o nes c a lle d t h e

sa yca sc a ra mi ca na ( t ir e d -
st o nes) One is 9 ft . .

8 ins by 7 ft 8 ins t he o t he r 2 0 ft by 15 ft by
. . .
,
. .

3 ft 6 ins
. T he exc a v a t i o ns t h e t ir e d st o nes a nd
.
, ,

p a rt s o f t he ruins da t e fr o m t he m ega li t hic a ge .

The r est m a y be o f t h e p eri o d o f Olla nt a y .

T he sec o nd a c t fin d s Olla nt a y in o p en r eb elli o n ,

a nd fully est a b li sh e d in t his wo nderful p a lac e ,

where he w a s enga ge d in bui lding a nd fo r t i fying

fo r sev era l yea r s T h e na m e m a y be e i t he r fr o m
.

t he dra m a o r fr o m a n a c t ua l event ha nde d

d o wn by t ra di t i o n but m o st o f t he ea rly wri t ers
,

o nly c a ll t h e fo r t ress T a mpu wit ho ut a ny

prefix M o lin a a nd Sa lc a m a yhua h a ve t he c o mp let e
.

n a m e Oll a nt a y t a m pu
, T he sec o nd a c t o p ens wi t h
-
.

Olla nt a y in his st ro ngho ld h a i led as I nc a by his ,

fo llo wers . In t he nex t sc ene Ym a Sum a c t he ,

c hi ld o f Olla nt a a nd C usi Co llur w ho ha d b e en

y y ,

bro ught up wi t h o ut b eing a wa re o f her m o t her s ’

e xi st e nc e is c o nv ersing wi t h he r a t t e nda nt Pi t u
, ,

Sa lla . T he girl t ells o f t he gro a ns a nd sig hs she

h a s he a rd w he n she has b een w a lki ng in t h e
,
LA R G E M O N O L IT H ON C IT A D E L O F O L L A N T A Y- T A M P U

UP PE R T E R R A CE ON C IT A D E L O F OL L A N T A Y T A M P U
-
15 4 DR A M A OF OLLA NT A Y

of a gen era l fro m ,

masca p a yc ha
t he dr ess , or h ea d -
,

a nd t he r e w er e c ut s o n t h e fa c e T he I n di a n .

dec la re d t h a t it h a d b een h ande d d o wn in his

family fr o m gene ra t i o n t o g en er a t i o n a s t h e
, ,

lik eness o f t h e g enera l R um i fi a ui 1 -

.

R um i fi a ui w a s r e c eive d a s a n Old fri end a nd

-

c o mp a n i o n by Olla nt a y A few da ys a ft erwa rd s

.

t he gr ea t fest iv a l o f Intip R a ymi w as c e lebr a t ed .

Rum i na ui enc o ura ged t he drun k en o rgi es k eepin g

-
,

so b er him self a nd wh en a ll were he a vy wi t h

,

liquo r he o p ene d t he ga t e s t o a d mi t hi s o w n
m en a nd m a d e pri so ner s o f Olla nt a y and a ll his
,

fo llo wers .

In t he ne x t sc ene t h e r e is a t o uc h ing di a lo gue

b et we en Yma Suma c a nd Pit u Sa lla whi c h end s ,

in t he c h i ld b eing a llo w e d t o vi si t her mo t he r in t he

dunge o n .

T he suc c essful st r a t a g em o f R um i ri a ui is
'
-

r ep o r t e d t o t h e Inc a in t he next sc ene by a , ,

m esseng er Olla nt a y a nd h is c o mp a ni o ns are

.

t h en br o ught in a s pri so ner s by t he vi c t o ri o us

gener a l w h o r ec o mm end s t ha t t hey sho uld be
,

p u t t o d e at h B u t t h e m.a g n a ni m o us I nc a n o t
o nly p a rd o ns t h em but r est o r es Olla nt a y t o a ll
,
-

his h o no ur s In t h e mid st Of t h e c e r em o ni e s Of
.

r ec o nc i li a t i o n t he c hi ld Ym a Sum a c b urst s int o t h e

,

pre senc e a nd ent r e a t s t he Inc a t o sa v e t he li fe Of

his si st er a nd he r m o t he r A ll pr o c e e d t o t h e
.

d ungeo n o f C usi Co yllur w h o is supp o se d t o ha v e ,

b een lo ng si nc e d ea d T he unfo r t una t e pri nc ess

.

1 M useo Erud ito , No 5 . .

 OT H ER QUICH UA DR A M A s 155

is rest o re d t o t he a rms o f her lo v er a nd t hey ,

r ec eiv e t he b lessing o f t heir so v erei gn .

T he dra m a o f Olla n t a y is no t a lo ne in a llo w ing

a r o m a nt i c p a ssi o n t o t r a nsgr ess t he usa g e s Of t h e

I nc a c o ur t We ha v e a n o t her i nst a nc e in t he
.

lo ve s o f Quila c u a nd C uri Co yllur wh i c h are t o ld in ,

a sub se que nt c h a p t er a nd a no t h e r giv e n by M o r ua

1
, ,

in t h e lo v e o f t h e Pri nc ess C H U Q U I LLA N T U fo r t h e -

sh eph e rd bo A COY A N A P A I t is m o st fo r t una t e t h a t

y
- -
.

t hi s a nc i ent dr a m a h a s b een pr eserv e d t hr o ugh

ha ving b een r e duc e d t o wri t ing by a n a ppr e c i a t iv e
sc h o la r
. T h e I n c a I n di a ns ha d a rema rk a b le
a p t i t ud e fo r dr a m a t i c r epr esent a t i o n o f whi c h t he ,

Sp a ni sh pri est s t o o k a dva nt a ge T he y c o llec t e d

.

I nc a dr am a t i c t ra dit i o ns a nd so ngs and c o mpile d

r eligi o us pla ys fr o m t hem in i mi t a t i o n o f t he
,

A ut os S a cra ment a les t he n in v o gue

-
G arc ilasso .

d e la Veg a m ent i o ns t h ese r eligi o us p la ys a nd ,

a dd s t h a t t h e Indi an la ds r ep ea t ed t h e di a lo gues
wit h so muc h gr a c e feeli ng a nd c o rr ec t a c t i o n
, , ,

t ha t t he y g a v e un iv er sa l sa t i sfa c t i o n a nd p le a sur e ,

a nd wi t h so m uc h p la i nt iv e so ft ne ss in t he so ngs ,

t ha t t h e a udi enc e sh e d t ea r s o f j o y a t se eing t he ir

ski ll a nd a bi li t y
’
.

I h a v e t w o o f t he se p la ys in my p o ssessi o n ,

writ t en in t he Q ui c hua la ngua ge One w a s .

a rra ng e d by D r L un a r e j o
. a na t iv e o f C uz c o a nd
,

a c elebr a t ed Q ui c hua sc h o la r o f t h e e igh t e ent h

c ent ury ; but t h e d a t e is 1 707 b efo r e his t i m e , .

It is e nt i t le d El p o br e m as ri c o a nd w a s a c t e d
’
,

1 Se e p . 2 44
15 6 OT H ER INCA DRAM A S
by Indi a ns a t Cuz c o where t he sc ene is la id
, ,
in t he
da ys o f t he Inc a s The dra matis p ersonoe
. a re :

Nina Quiru Inca Co ra Sic lla Nust a

Ya uri T it u Inc a Co ra Umina Nust a
A ma ru Inca A n A ng el
Quesp ill o ( a dr oll ) D em o ns .

The r Q uic hua dra ma

o t he , i t le d
e nt U SCA
PA U CA R is m o r e a nc i ent a nd
,
’
, was given t o me
by D r Juli a n Oc h o a Of Cuz c o ;
. but it is st ri c t ly
an A ut o S a cra menta l . T he dra ma tis p erso nw
are

Usca Pa uc a r Ch e que A p u ( a n o ld m a n)
Quesp illo ( d ro ll)
a Co e ri t t ica
-

Luz v el Yunc a nina A n A ngel .

I a lso pi es Of t w ent y so ngs fr o m t h e

ha ve co

c o lle c t i o n o f D r Just inia ni a nd severa l o t her s

.
,

r ec e ive d fro m Q ui c hua sc ho la rs in Ayac uc ho ,

C uz c o a nd Puno Nea rly a ll are lo ve so ngs a few

,
.
,

bright a nd c h eerful but t he m a j o ri t y are ele gi es

,

br ea t hing so rr o w a nd desp a ir .

T he I nc a s w er e a b le t o pr e serv e t h e p e digr ees

a nd e v e nt s o f t h e r e ign s o f so v er e igns fo r m a ny

g enera t i o ns by t he m ea ns t ha t ha ve b een d esc rib e d

, .

In t h e ir dra m as a nd so ng s t h ey ha d m a d e gr ea t
a dva nc es in t h e p o e t i c a r t no t o nly us i ng v e r ses t o
,

give expr essi o n t o t he p assi o ns o f lo v e a nd d esp a ir ,

but a lso t o preserv e fa nc i ful my t hs a nd legend s .

In a st r o no m y t h eir k no w ledge suffi c e d t o fix t he

p eri o d s o f t he so la r y ea r The A ma uta s a lso ha d
.
158 M ED ICINA L PLAN T S

p la c es It is a n i nt er est i ng fa c t t ha t ma ny of t he
.

r em edi es m ent i o ne d by a nc i ent wri t ers a re st i ll t o

be fo un d in t h e b a gs Of m o d ern i t in er a nt d o c t o r s
.

T he Inc a Garc ila sso sa ys t h a t his m o t h er s p e o p le

’

use d ma ny m edi c ina l p la nt s but he h a d fo rgo t t en

,

t he ir na m es . H e h o w ev er m ent i o ns t h e e xt ra
, ,

o rdi na ry e ffec t s o i o ne c a lle d ma t ec llu w hi c h a r e

,

d esc rib ed in t he c ha p t er o n t he Inc a s li fe a t

’

p a ge 268 .
 CHAPT E R X I
C ON D IT ION OF T H E P E OPLE

TH E hi st o ry o f t he p e o ple w h o fo rm e d t he empire
o f t he I nc a s, in t h eir ea rli e r d e v e lo p ment , is w e ll

wo rt hy o f c a reful st udy Sa rmi ent o s versio n o f

.
’

wha t he w a s t o ld by t he A ma uta s w as t ha t t he
p eo ple w ere bro ken up i nt o sma ll t rib es, livi ng
in wh at t he Sp a nia rds c a ll beliet ria , wi t ho ut a ny
go vernment exc ep t in t i me o f w ar when a t emp e r ,

a ry c hi ef c a lle d S inc hi w a s e lec t e d

, , B ut t hi s is
.

a v ery i na de qua t e a nd m i sle a ding a c c o unt o f wha t

mus t h a ve b een t o ld him The mo un t a ino us na t ure

.

o f t h e An d e a n r egi o n ,c ut up by suc h g o rges a s

t ho se o f t h e Ap urim ac a nd t he P a m p a s le d t o t he ,

fo rm at i o n o f num er o us se p a r a t e c o mmun i t i es ,

a nd t hi s w o uld e qua lly be t he st a t e o f a ffa irs in t he

va lleys o n t he c o a st whic h a re sep a rat ed fro m eac h

,

o t he r by sa n dy deser t s .

T hese c o mmunit i es w ere no t wit ho ut g o vern

m ent a s Sa rm i ent o supp o se d
,
Fr o m r emo t e
.

a nt iqui t y t he y c o nsist e d o f fa mili es a ll b e ing r ela t ed

, ,

like t he R o m a n gens . A single c o mm unit y o c c upy ,

ing p a r t o f a v a lle y o r a limit e d a r ea w a s c a lle d a n

,

a yllu. It w a s a n o rga nise d fa mily so met hing o n

t he lines o f t he vi lla ge c o mmun i t i es in India T he .

15 9
 1 60 SY ST E M OF A YLLUS

nec ess i t y fo r a gri c ult ura l a nd p ast o ra l indust ri es

led in e vi t a b ly t o a li fe o f so c i a l i nt erc o urse a nd t o a
,

p a t ria rc ha l syst em unde r whic h t he la nd b elo nge d

t o t h e a yllu . T he a r a b le la nd w as assigne d a nnua lly
t o t he h ea d s Of fa mili es wh i le t h e p ast ur e a nd w o o d
,

la nd c o nt in ue d t o be t he c o mm o n pro p er t y o f t he
a yllu T here w ere d o ub t less fre quent wa rs
resp ec t ing b o unda ri es a nd right s o f p a st ur a ge wi t h
neigh b o urin g a ylla s but t he r e w er e a lso c o nfe d era
,

t i o ns o f a ylla s fo r defenc e a nd fo r t h e c o nst ruc

,
“
t i o n o f w o rk s fo r t he c o mmo n g o o d whic h w o uld ,

be b eyo nd t he p o w er s o f a Single a yllu —suc h a s

w o rks o f irrigat io n a nd t errac e d c ult ivat i o n The
, .

unit w a s t h e h e a d Of a fa mi ly c a lle d p a ric t he , ,

un i t e d p a ries fo rm ed t he a yllu whi c h o c c upi e d t he

,

c ult iv a b le la n d c a lle d ma rca .

There is a b unda nt evidence t ha t t hi s p a t ri

a r c h a l syst em , wi t h r ul es est a b li she d by lo ng
c ust o m h a d exi st e d fr o m r em o t e a nt iqui t y
,
T he .

d evelo p ment o f a gri c ult ure a nd t he d o m est i c a t io n

o f a ni m a ls c o uld no t h a v e b een c o nt i nue d fo r

c ent uri es wi t h o ut t h e exi st enc e o f a n o rde re d

so c i a l li fe p o i nt i ng t o a h ea d o r h ea d s t o rule a nd
,

direc t M o reo v er t he t ra di t i o ns a nd a nc est ra l

.
,

d esc ent s o f t he a ylla s were mo st c a refully p re

serv e d d o wn t o t h e v e ry last a nd t h i s no d o ub t le d
,

t o t he wo rship o f a nc est o rs a nd t o a ll t he c eremo ni a l

,

servi c es whi c h it inv o lv e d .

In c o ur se o f t im e t he neighb ouri ng a ylla s in ,

m any inst anc es uni t e d no t o nly fo r p urp o ses o f

,

d efenc e but a lso fo r so c i a l a nd indus t ri a l o bj ec t s

, ,
162 SY ST EM OF A D MINIST R A T ION

4 . Yma ha a yna ( a lm o st a y o ut h ) ,
t w ent y t o t w ent y
fiv e . Wo rk er .

5 Coca lla ( c o ca ic k er ) , sixt een to t w ent y

.
p a p .

W o rk er .

6 Puc lla c ba a mra ,

. eigh t to sixt een . Ligh t w o rk .

7 . T ta nta raguiz ic ( b rea d rec eiv er

) ,
six to eigh t .

8 M ac ta p uric , un d er six
. .

9 S a ya ka a mra c , a b le t o st a nd
. .

10 M osoc ca p a ric , b a by in a rm s
. .

Fr o m a ll yo unger t ha n t he p a ric
t he c la sses ,

m a le a nd fem a le a c er t a i n num b er w ere t a k en

,

a nn ua lly fo r t he servi c e o f t h e st a t e a nd o f r eligi o n .

T he p o p ula t i o n a pp ea rs t o h a v e i nc r ea se d r a pid ly .

In t h e p ac hac a o r o ld a yllu t he re w er e a hund r e d

, ,

a ries Th e Llacta ca ma oo o r h ea d o f t he p ac ha c a
-
p .
g
h a d t o see t h a t a ll w ere pr o p erly no uri she d a nd t o
r egi st er bir t hs a nd d ea t hs .

T en p ac kac a s fo rm e d a hua ra nc a ( 1000

fa m i li es) wi t h a c h i e f selec t ed fro m a m o ng t h e
,

llac ta ca ma yeca -
T he who le v a lle y o r di st ri c t
.

c o m pri se d a v a ryi ng num b er o f ha ara nc a s whi c h

w a s c a lle d a huna a nd t he o ld he r e di t a ry na t iv e
,

c hie fs wi t h t he na m e Of ca rac a s
, r et a ine d so me ,

j udi c i a l p o wer a nd w er e free fro m t ribut e But .

o v er e v ery fo ur ha na s t he r e w a s a n i m p eri a l o ffi c er

c a lled a T a c a ricoc t he li t er a l m e a ni ng o f whi c h is

y ,

H e w ho sees a ll H is d ut y a s o v erseer w a s t o see

’
.

t ha t t h e w ho le c o mp li c a t e d syst e m o f a dm ini st r a
t i o n w o rke d wi t h r eg ula ri t y a nd t ha t a ll t he re ,

sp o nsib le Offi c i a ls und e r him p er fo rm e d t he ir

d ut i es effic i ent ly Th e la t er I nc as ha d a Vic er o y
.
 SY ST E M OF A D M INIST R AT ION 163

of t he b lo o d ro ya l c a lle d Cc ap ac A p u fo r eac h o f
-
, ,

t he fo ur gr eat pr o vi nc es .

There w a s a lso a syst em o f p eri o dic a l vi si t o rs

t o o v e rlo o k t he c ensus a nd t he t rib ut e a nd t o ,

e x a mine minut ely a nd r ep o r t up o n t h e st a t e Of

a ffa ir s in ea c h di st ri c t Ot he r vi si t o rs in c o nsult a
.
,

t i o n wi t h t h e lo c a l o ffic i a ls selec t ed y o ung p eo p le,

o f b o t h sex es fr o m t he ho us eh o ld s o f t he p a ries

fo r emp lo ym ent s in t he servi c e o f t he St a t e a nd

Of re ligi o n ac c o rdi ng t o t he ir sev er a l a p t i t ud es

Ma rri a ges were a lso a rra nge d by t he visit ing o fl

.
,

i c ia ls .

Fro m t he ranks o f t he p eo p le m en a nd wo men ,

were neede d fo r many p ur p o ses o f st a t e e a c h ,

c ho sen fr o m o ut of a a ric h o useho ld Fir t

p s .

t h e re w er e t h e shep h erds A c ensus w a s t a ken o f

.

a ll t he lla m a s a nd a lp a c as in e ac h di st ri c t a nd t he y

were divided int o flo c ks fo r t he st at e fo r religi o n ,

a nd sac rifi c e s a nd fo r t he c a racas

,
T he y were sent .

t o t he b e st p a st ure s l n c h a rg e Of t h e shep he rd s ,

a nd e a c h p a ric r ec eiv e d t w o c o up les fo r br eeding

purp oses Ot he r y o ut hs were re quire d as hun t ers

.
,

so ldi e r s ,
c hasga is or m essenger s r o a d m a kers , ,

builders m iners art ifi c ers a nd fo r t he serv i c e o f

, , ,

religio n Ma idens were t aken fo r t he sp ec i a l servic e

.

o f t he sun selec t e d by a n Offi c i a l c a lle d A u

, p
a nac a S erv a nt s c a lle d ya na ca na w e re la t t er ly -

p .
, ,

c h o sen in a differ ent w a y It a pp ea r s t ha t a sm a ll

.

t rib e livi ng o n t h e b a nk s o f a st r ea m c a ll e d
,

Yana mayu ( b la c k rive r) h ad b een guilt y o f so m e

-
,

sho c king t re aso n t o T up ac Inc a a nd w as t o be ,

a nnihi la t e d But t he queen int erc ed e d fo r t hem

.
,

M 2
1 64 YA NA -
CUN A — MIT IMA ES

a nd t he sent enc e w as c om mut ed t o

rvi t ude fo r se

t hems elv es a nd t he ir desc enda nt s T he y w er e c a lled .

y a n a-
m a ya ca na w h i c h w a s so o n c o rrup t e d int o
,

a n a c una ; a nd ya na b ec a m e t h e w o rd fo r a
y
-

d o m est i c servant a s well as fo r t he c o lo ur bla ck

, .

T his inst it ut i o n o f ya na ca na a s d o mest i c servant s

-

w as qui t e e x c ep t i o nal a nd no p ar t o f t he r egul a r

,

Inc ari a l syst em .

No t t h e lea st i m p o r t ant p a r t o f t ha t syst em

w as t h e p o li c y o f p la nt in g c o lo ni st s c a lle d mitima es
, ,

e sp ec i a lly in pr o vinc es r ec ent ly c o nquer e d o r

supp o sed t o be di sa ffec t e d M arri e d y o un g men
.

fro m t he yma hua yna c lass wi t h t h eir wiv es , ,

w er e c o llec t e d fr o m a p a r t i c ula r di st ri c t a nd c o n
v ey e d t o a di st a nt p a r t o f t he empir e wh er e t h eir ,

lo ya lt y a nd i ndust ry w o uld lea v en a di sa ffec t e d

r egi o n Va st num b er s fr o m r ec ent ly c o nquere d
.

pr o vi nc es w er e t r ansp o r t e d t o lo c a lit i es wher e

t hey w o uld be surr o un d e d b y a lo ya l p o p ula t i o n ,

or t o t h e e a st er n fo r e st s a nd u n o c c upi e d c o a st

va lleys T his w as esp ec i a lly t he c a se wi t h t h e

.

C o lla s many o f who m w er e sent as mitima es o r

,

c o lo ni st s a s far a s t h e b o rd e r s o f Q ui t o T he .

Lup a c a s o n t h e w est ern sho r es o f L a k e Ti t i c ac a

, ,

were exi le d in gr ea t numb ers t o t he so ut hern c o a st

v a lleys o f M o que gua a nd T a c na T heir p la c es .

wer e filled by lo ya l c o lo ni st s fr o m t he Inca di st ri c t s

o f Aym a r a C o t a p amp a a nd Chumpivi lc a
, , .

T hi s c o lo ni sing p o li c y serve d m o r e t han o ne

purp o se It s mo st Obvi o us effec t w a s t o sec ure t he
.

u ie t a nd pr o sp eri t y o f r ec ent ly a nne x e d pr o vi nc e s

q .
166 TH E RULE OF T H E INCA S

b een e qua lle d T heir syst em w a s nec essa rily

.

c o m p li c a t e d , but it w a s a dj ust e d wi t h suc h ski ll

a nd i ng enui t y t h a t it w o rk e d wi t h o ut fri c t i o n a nd

a lm o st a ut o m a t i c a lly
, e v en when t he guiding
hea d w a s go ne . An i nst a nc e o f t hi s is r ec o rde d
by Ci ez a d e L eo n a so ldier o f t h e Sp a ni sh c o nquest
,
.

One o f t he d e t a i ls o f t h e sy st em w a s t h a t wh en
an c a la m i t y o v er t o o k a p a r t i c ula r di st ri c t t h er e
y ,

w a s a no t h er ne igh b o uring di st ri c t t o ld o ff t o
bri ng suc c o ur a nd supply it s pr o p o r t i o n o f new
i nha bi t a nt s Ci e z a d e L eo n t est ifie d t ha t he sa w
.

t hi s a rr a ng em ent a c t ua lly a t w o rk . When t h e

Sp a ni a rd s massa c r e d inha bi t a nt s b ur nt dw elli ngs
, ,

a nd d e st r o y e d c r o p s in o ne di st ri c t o f t h e J a uj a

v a lley he sa w t he right p eo ple c o me fr o m

,

t he righ t di st ri c t t o suc co ur t h e suffer er s a nd ,

h elp t o r eb ui ld t h e dw elli ng s a nd re so w t he -

c ro p s.

T he I nc a ri a l syst em o f go v er nment b ea r s
so me g ener a l r esem b la nc e t o a v ery benefi c ent

fo rm o f E ast ern d esp o t i sm suc h a s ma y ha v e

prev a i le d wh en J a m shid rule d o v er Ir an T her e .

w a s t h e sa me sc he m e o f dividi ng t h e c r o p s b e t w een
t he c ult iva t o r a nd t he St a t e t h e sa m e p a t ri a r c ha l
,

c a r e fo r t he g ener a l w elfa r e ; but w h i le t h e r ule

o f J a m shi d w a s a leg end , t ha t o f t he I nc as w a s

a n hi st o ri c a l fa c t T h e I nc a ri a l go v ernment fi nd s
a c lo se r a fl
.

in it y in t h e t heo ri es o f m o d er n so c i a list s
a nd it se e ms c er t a i n t ha t und e r t he v ery p e c uli a r
,

c o ndi t i o n o f P e r u w he n t h e I nc a s r ule d t h e dr e a ms
,

o f Ut o pi a ns a nd s o c i a list s b ec ame r ea li t i es fo r
 TH E PE OPLE 1 67

a t ime , b eing t he si ngle i nst a nc e o f suc h r ea li sa t i o n

in t he wo rld s hi st o ry
’
.

The c o ndit i o n o f t h e p eo p le und er t h e I nc a s ,

t ho ugh o ne o f t ut ela g e a nd d ep en d enc e a t t h e ,

sa m e t i m e sec ur e d a la rg e a m o unt o f m a t e ri a l

c o m fo r t a nd h a ppi ne ss T h e i nha bi t a nt s o f t h e
.

An de a n r egi o n o f P eru a nd o f t h e so ut hern h a lf o f

t he c o a st v a lle y s w er e pr a c t i c a lly o ne p eo p le .

Slight ly b ui lt wi t h o va l fa c e s a quili ne but no t

, , ,

pro minent no ses da rk e yes a nd st ra ight b la c k

, ,

ha ir t he I n c a I ndi a n h a d a w ell pr o p o r t i o ne d
,
-

figure w ell d evelo p e d m usc ula r limb s a nd w a s

,
—
“

c a p a b le Of end uri ng gr ea t fa t igue H e w a s v ery .

i ndust ri o us int elligent a nd a ffec t i o na t e a mo ng

, ,

his o w n r ela t i o ns ; a t t h e sa me t i m e h e w a s fo nd
o f fest ivi t y a nd o f i nd ulg en c e in dri nki n g b o ut s
,
.

The p a ric wi t h his fa m i ly a b o ut him w ent j o y fully

, ,

t o his fi e ld w o rk Id leness w a s un kn o w n but

.
,

la b o ur w a s e nliv ene d by se w ing a nd ha rv est so ng s ,

whi le t he shep herd b o ys p la ye d o n t heir p inc a lla

-
,

o r flut e s a s t he y t end e d t h e fl o c k s o n t h e lo ft y
,

p a st ur es Wo o l w a s supplie d t o t he p eo p le fo r
.

t heir c lo t h ing a nd hid es fo r t h eir a sa t a s o r sa nd a ls

, , ,

a nd ev en so m e luxur i e s suc h a s c o c a r ea c hed

t hem t hr o ugh t h e c o nt i nuo us ebb a nd fl
, ,

ow o f

c o mm er c i a l e x c h a ng es by t h e mit imaes P eri o di c a l .

fest ivi t i es br o k e t h e m o no t o ny o f w o rk so m e o f ,

a r eligi o us c ha ra c t er o t her s in c elebra t i o n Of

,

fa mi ly e v ent s T h e ra tu c hicu w a s a fe st iv a l
.
-

when a c hi ld a t t a ine d t he a ge o f o ne yea r a nd

r ec eive d a na m e Ot her s c a m e r o und w h en a
.
1 68 EREM ONIE S
C A ND F E ST IVIT IE S

bo y o r girl c ea se d t o be nur sed .T his e vent w a s

c a lle d ha a rac li ic u for a bo y , a nd guica chic u fo r

a gir l . T he gr e a t est fest iva l o f t he yea r w as a t

h a rv est t i m e , wh en t h e p a ric hun g t h e fer t i le st a lk s
o f m a iz e o n t h e br a n c h e s Of t r ees, a nd his fa m i ly

sa ng a nd d a nc e d t h e a yrilt ua b ene a t h t h em T he
p eo ple wer e t a ught t o w o rship t h e sun a nd t he
h ea v enly b o di es, but t h e c h i e f t r ust o f t h e la b o uri ng
c la sses w a s in t h eir c o nop a s o r h o use h o ld g o d s ,

r epr esent in g a s t h ey b eli eved , t h e essent i a l essenc es

,

Of a ll t h a t t h ey d ep en d e d up o n for t h eir w ell b ei ng

-

t he ir lla m a s, t h eir m a iz e , o r t heir p o t a t o es. T hese

t hey pr a ye d t o fe rv ent ly, no t fo rg et t ing t h e huaca s
o r id o ls o f whic h t her e w er e so m e in e v ery di st ri c t ,

a nd a b o v e a ll ne v e r n e glec t in g t he c e r em o ni a l

b uri a l o f lla m a ido ls wi t h sma ll Offerings, in t he

,

fields, t o pr o pi t i a t e t he g o o d ea r t h d ei t y.

A pr o o f o f t h e genera l well b ei ng o f t he p eo p le
-

is t he la rg e a nd i nc r ea si ng p o p ula t i o n . T he
a nd eneria o r st ep s o f t err a c e d c ult iv a t i o n e x t endi ng

up t he S id es o f t he m o un t a i ns in a ll p a r t s Of P er u,
a nd no w a b a n d o n ed , a r e si le nt wi t ne sse s o f t h e

fo rm er pr o sp eri t y o f t h e c o unt ry . Th e p e o p le
wer e no uri shed a nd w ell c a r e d fo r, a nd t hey
mult ip li e d e x c eedi ngly . In t he wi ld est a nd m o st
i na c c essib le v a lleys in t he lo ft y p a nas surr o un d ed
,

by sno wy height s, in t he d ense fo r est s, a nd in t he

sa nd gir t v a lley s o f t h e c o ast , t h e e e o f t h e c ent r a l
-
y
p o w er w a s ev er up o n t hem a nd t he nev er fa i ling
,
-

br ai n, benefi c ent t ho ugh i nex o ra b le , pr o vid e d fo r

a ll t heir w a nt s, g a t her e d in t h eir t rib ut e , a nd
17 0 WOR K BY B E LA UNDE

NOT E TO TH E CH A P T ER ON TH E COND IT ION

OF T H E PE OPLE
Writ ers o n Peruv ia n civ ilisa t io n fro m t he t ime o f R o b ert
so n a nd Presco t t h a v eme d t ha t t h e w h o le fa b ric w a s
a ssu

o rigina t e d a nd ma t ur e d by t h e Inc a s c o nst ruc t e d a s it , ,

w ere , o ut o f c h a o s B ut a m o re rec ent sc h o o l o f t hink ers

.

h a s se en t he imp o ssibilit y o f suc h a c rea t io n, a nd h o lds

t ha t t h e Inc a s syst em a t ise d t rib al a nd so c ia l o rga nisa
t io ns w h ic h h a d exist e d fro m rem o t e a nt iquit y , a nd did
no t c re a t e t h em .

A v ery a b le rev iew o f t he w o rks o f t h e se w rit ers w ho

ha v e a d o p t e d t he Op inio n t h a t t he Inc a s did no t c rea t e a
syst em but a d a t e d o ne w hic h h a d lo n b e e n in exist
, p g
e nc e w as
, p u b lish e d a t Lim a in 1 9 0 8 E l Pe r u a nt iguo y

lo s m o d erno s so c io lo go s T he a ut ho r Vic t o r A nd res

’
.
,

B elaund e is t h o ro ughly ma st er o f his subj ec t H e fi rst

, .

e xp la ins t he c o nc lusio ns o f t h e Germa n so c io lo gist Cuno w ,

in h is Orga nisa t io n o f t he Emp ire o f t he Inc a s— Inv est iga
t io ns int o t heir A nc ient A gra ria n Co mmunism A c c ord ing
’
.

to Cuno w t here ha d exist e d ,

fro m re mo t e a nt iquit y ,

se a ra t e
p gro up s o rga nise d on t he sa m e b a se as t he v illa ge

c o m munit ies of India , a nd t he G erm a n mark . T h ese

w ere t h e a ylla s . H e h o lds t ha t t h e a ylla s, a s v illa ge
co mm unit ies ,
e xist e d b efo re t he e m p ire o f t he Inc as . T he
Inc as r es
p ec t e d t his a yllu o rga nisa t io n , a nd a ll t he y did
was t o yst em at ise it B ela und e h o lds t ha t t his hyp o t hesis
s .

has c a use d a c o m le t e re v o lut io n in t h e m a nn er o f c o n

p
sid erin t h e rule o f t h e Inc as T he c o mm unist ic o rga ni
g .

sa t io n d id no t o rigina t e in t he c o nst it ut io n of t he Inc a

m o na rc hy but w a s a nt erio r t o it
, Co m munism w a s n o t
.

h ere t h e result Of a sp ec ia l p o lit ic a l o rga n isa t io n no r t h e ,

re a lisa t io n o f a p la n o f st a t e s o c ia l ism It w a s simp ly t h e .

result o f t he unio n o f t he num ero us a ylla s, w h o t h us

 VIE WS OF CUNOw A ND OT H ERS 17 1

v y
held t h e la nd und er t he d o mina t io n o f t h e
c o ll e c t i el

mo st p o w erful a m o ng t hem So t h a t Peru is no t t h e p ro t o

.

t yp e o f a p a t erna l m o narc hy Co mm unism w a s no t im .

o se d by t he Inc a s I t w as no t a syst em c o nc eiv e d by

p .

t h em , a nd b ro ught int o p ra c t ic e by m ea ns o f con q uest s

a nd c le v er a llia nc es. A nc ient Peru w a s no t t he a rc h et yp e
m but a v a st a gglo m era t io n o f v illa ge c o m muni
o f so c ia lis ,

t ies A ft er t h e p ub lic a t io n Oi Cuno w s w o rk t h ere a pp eared

’
.

The Ev o lut io n o f P o lit ica l D o c t rines a nd B eliefs by t he

B elgia n so cio lo gist William d e Grec i w ho d e v o t es a n ,

int er est ing c hap t er t o Peru H is v iew is p ra c t ic a lly t he .

sa m e a s t ha t of Cuno w .

B ela und e t hen exp la ins t h e v iew s of two eminent

So ut h A m erica n w rit ers Do n B a ut ist a Sa a v ed ra ,
,
a B o liv ia n,
a nd Do n J o sé d e l a R iv a A guero , a Peruv ia n .

Sa a v ed ra in hi s w o rk El A yllu a lso h o ld s t ha t t h e
aylla s, a s c o m munit ies, e xist ed b efo re t h e rise o f t h e Inc a
emp ir e .R iv a A guero d escrib es t he gra d ua l a ggrega t io n
o f t h e c o nst it uent t rib es .

B ela und e p ro c ee ds t o disc uss t he v iew s o f Presc o t t ,

Lo rent e Let o urne au, Wiener D Orbigny , D esj ardi ns,
’

, ,

Sp enc er a nd B a nd elier a nd o f t he p resent w rit er in his

, ,

essa y writ t en fo r Winso r s

v ’
hist o ry o f
narra t i e a nd c rit ic a l

A m eric a T he ea rlier w rit ers ha v e n o t a t t emp t e d t o dis

.

c uss t h e c o ndit io n o f t hin s r e v io us t o t h e rise o f t h e Inc a s

g p ,

a nd Sp enc er s t heo ries resp ec t ing Peruv ia n c iv ilisat io n

’

in his grea t w o rk o n so c io lo gy a re b a se d o n misc o nc ep t io ns ,

a nd ina c c ura t e info rm a t io n .

T he p resent writ er in t he c o urse Of his st ud ies w a s

, ,

gra d ually a p p ro a c hing t he d isc o v ery t ha t Peruv ia n so c ial

ism w a s no t a c o nc ep t io n o f t he Inc a s, but t he resul t o f
muc h m o re a ncient o rga nisa t io ns r ec o gnise d a nd a d op t e d
by t he Inc a s . A s will be se en fro m t h e p resent c ha p t er ,
h e ha s p ra c t ica lly c o m e t o t he sa m e c o nc lusio ns a s Cuno w

a nd o t h ers w h o a re in a reem ent wit h him , w hic h a re so

g
17 2 ST A T E SMAN SH IP OF T H E INCA S

a dmira bly su mm e d up in his ext remely

by B ela und e
int erest ing a nd a b le r ev iew B ut a t t h e sa m e t ime h e
.

d o es no t c o nsid er t ha t t his p re exist enc e o f c o m munit ies

-

h o lding la nd in c o mm o n a t a ll d et ra c t s fro m t h e a d m ira t io n

t ha t is d ue t o t he g o v ernm ent o f t h e Inc as T he w isd o m
.

w hic h led t h e Inc a s t o resp ec t t h e inst it ut io ns of t he v a rio us

t rib es b ro ught und er t heir rule a nd t he skill wit h whic h

,

t h ey a d a p t e d t h o se inst it ut io ns t o t h e require ment s o f a

re a t em ire are e vid e nc es o f no o r dina ry st a t esm a nshi
g p , p .

T heir wise p o lic y exp la ins t h e rap idit y Of t h e rise o f t h eir

e mp ire , a nd t he sli
gh t resist a nc e t o it .
17 4 TH E QUICH UA S
a ll wa t ered by t rib ut a ri es o f t he Apuri mac The .

fir st li es b et ween t he Ap ur ima c a nd t he Pa c ha c hac a

river s t he sec o nd b et ween t he Pa c ha c ha c a a nd
,

t h e Pa m p a s a nd t h e t h ird i nc lud es t h e m a ri t i me
,

c o rdi ller a b e t w een t h o se m eridi a ns T hey ma y .

be c a lled a ft er t heir c hi ef a ylla s o r t rib es t he

, ,

Qui c hua Cha nc a a nd Luc a na r egi o ns

1
, , .

The Qui c hua s o c c upi e d t h e b ea ut i ful va lle y

o f A a nc a 2
a n d so m e v a lle y s in t he m o unt a i ns
p y ,

a s far a s t he fo r t r e ss o f Cur a m ba b e y o n d t he ,

Pa c ha c ha c a T heir p o si t i o n is p a rt ly d efine d in
.

t h e a c c o unt Of T up a c s fir st c a m p a ign wh en h e
’

o c c u pi e d t h e Q u ic h u a st r o n gh o ld s o f T uy a ra 3
,

Ca ya r a a nd Cur a mp a
4
,
The Q ui c huas w er e v ery .

c lo sely a llie d t o t h e I nc a p e o p le in r a c e a nd t he ir ,

la ngua g e w a s t he sam e Ind eed t he first Sp a ni sh .

,

gr a mm ari a n o f t h e g enera l la ngua ge o f t he Inc a s

c a lle d it Q ui c hua pr o b a b ly fr o m ha ving st udi e d
,

it in t heir c o unt ry M o ssi giv es a d efi ni t i o n o f .

t h e w o rd fr o m t h e p assiv e p a r t i c ip le o f quehuini

( I t wi s t ) w h i c h,
is quehuisca ( t wi st ed ) a nd ichu
( gr a ss ) t h a t ,
is
qu ek a isca y c ka ( t wi st e d gr a ss) by -
,

syn c o p e quic hua It c a m e t o m ea n a t em p era t e

.

r egi o n nei t her t o o ho t no r t o o c o ld

, .

Qui h u ( K h hu M i) m n
1 c a t mp
ec a, t gi n F
o ss ea s a e era e re o . or

d iv t i n M
er a o i ugg t q qu h ui i ( tw i t ) w h
o ss s es s q qu h ui e n s , enc e e sc c a

( tw i t d ) wit h I hu ( t w ) qqu hui

s e , e i h u ( twi t d t w ) b y
s ra , e sc ca c s e s ra ,

s y n p Qui hu
co e c a.

2 A p a ni, I c arr y; a p a na , a lo a d ; c ay , a p a r t ic le g iving an

a b st ra c t id ea . Pe r hp
a s t he p la c e o f lo a din g or of lo a d s .

3 T uy a , a fin h ; c ra c, e vn e .

4 Cea g a , a fte r, fut ure .

5 S a rm ie nto , p . 1 30 . Ca , re fl ecti e v fo rm ; ra mp a , a lit t er .

 TH E QUICH U A S 17 5

The A p ancay v a lley present s sc enes o f great

b ea ut y On t he m o un t a in t o t he so ut h t he
.

pro duc t s o f a lm o st every c li me m ay be seen a t o ne

gla nc e The rapid lit t le river flo ws a lo ng a t it s
.

b ase, a m o ngst wa ving m a iz e c ro p s a nd fruit t r ees .

On t he st e ep slo p es i mm edia t ely a b o ve t h er e are

r p s o f p o t a t o es and o t her e dib le ro o t s t hen
c o ,

p a st ur es o n t he st eep mo unt ain side wi t h r o c k s

c r o ppin g o ut a nd high er t he p ea k s sh o o t ing up
,

int o t he sky On t he o t her side o f A p anc a y t here

.

are t errac e d slo p es a nd c ult iv a t e d t r ac t s slo pin g

,

do wn t o t h e b anks o f t he Pa c hac haca Higher .

up t he P a c hac hac a a nd o t he r t rib ut a ri es o f t he

Apurima c t he m o unt a in g o rge s a nd lo ft y p a na s
,

w er e inh a bit e d by fo ur a ylla s o f ha rdy m o unt a in

eers c lo sely a lli e d t o t h e Q uic hua s T hese w ere .

t he Cha mp i uilca s, -
Cotap a mp a s, Umasa ya s ,
a nd

A yma ras .
1

T he b ea ut y ry b et ween t h e rivers
of t he sc ene

P ac h a c ha c a a nd P a mp a s is m o st st riking as t he
sum mi t ridge s are r e a c h e d a nd t h e e e r a ng es o v e r
y ,

suc h va lleys a nd go rges as a re present e d by

Anga mo s Pinc o s a nd Hua nc a ra m a
,
2
On a gra ssy
, .

plat ea u c o mm a nding t he r o a d is t he a nc i ent

, ,

fo rt ress o f Curam ba a st ro ngho ld Of t he Q uic hua s , .

It c o nsi st s o f t hr ee t e rra c es o ne a b o v e t he o t her ,

wi t h st o ne rev et ment s a nd a ra mp o n t he ea st side ,

1 Chump i, a c a irn ; niloa , sa cred ; c a ta , gro und ; p a mp a ,

pla in uma , h ea d ; sa yu, la nd ma r k ; ay ma , a so n g; a ra y ,
ma s k ed .

2 A nca , ea gl e ; ma , le t us se e ; p incu, roo f ; hua nca ,

so n g of w o me n w o r in k g in t h e fi e ld s ; ra mca , dr ea m .
 17 6 SOR A S AND LU CA NAS

fo rming a slo pin g w ay to ea c h t err a c e . T h er e

were no d o ub t st o c ka de d defenc es when it w a s
used fo r o p er a t i o ns o f w a r The gr ea t fe at ur e o f .

t hi s C ha nc a r egi o n is t h e e xt ensiv e a nd fer t i le

va lley Of Andahua y a l s 1
c a p a b le o f sus t a ining a
,

very la rge p o pula t i o n T here a re o t her fert ile .

va lleys b et we en Anda huaylas a nd t h e river Pa m p a s

whic h lik e t h e Ap ur im a c flo ws t hro ugh a go rge
, ,

so pr o fo un d t h a t t h e v eg et a t i o n o n t h e rive r b a nk s

is qui t e t r o pic al .

B eyo nd t he Pa m p a s in t he va lleys fo rm ed by ,

it s t rib ut a ri es fl o wing fr o m t h e m a ri t im e c o rdi ller a ,

a nd o n t h e P a c ifi c slo p es t h er e dw elt t w o p o wer ful ,

m o un t a i n t rib es c alle d So ras a nd Luc a nas 2 T hey .

se em t o ha v e b een m o r e a dva nc e d in c ivi li sa t i o n

t h a n t h eir neighb o ur s fo r t her e a r e ruins o f im

,

p o rt a nt e dific es in t he So ra c o un t ry c a lled Vi lc as ,

hua m a n T his w a s a p a lac e o f t he Inc a s a nd t heir

.

princ ip a l st a t i o n in Cunt i suyu but it exi st ed -

,

befo re t h e a nn ex a t i o n for Mo nt esin os ment i o ns a

,

king o f Vilc as a nd t he So ras did no t sub mit

,

w i t h o ut m a kin g so m e r esi st a nc e T heir neigh .

b o ur s t he Luc a na s o c c upie d b o t h slo p es o f t he

, ,

c o rdi ller a On t he P a c ifi c side t he re is a la rg e

by fl
.

a lpi ne la k e fr e quent e d a m in o es
g c a lle d
Pa rihua na c ocka 3-
ro und t he b a nk s o f whic h
,

t heir pr inc ip a l sea t a pp ea rs t o h a v e b een B elo w .

is t he o v y
l e l c o a st v y
a ll e o f N sca
a 4
o wing it s ,

1 A t A d
n a or t n a, ; hu ll n f
e rr a c e
g h a a, re e , res .

2 S liqu
ara , a t g t h n hi h ;
o r s ro n e r fi g a c c a ra ca na , n er.
3 Pa rihua na , fl a ming o ; co cha , la k e.

4 Na na sca , hu t r .
17 8 FLIG H T OF TH E CH AN CA S

When t he Pa c ha c ut i sent t he fir st a rmy

Inc a
fo r t h e c o nquest o f Chin c ha y suyu, it inc lude d a
-

la rge c o nt ingent o f t he c o nquer e d Chanc as, led by

o ne o f t h e ir o w n c hie fs na m e d Anc o a yllu T he y
-
.

fo ught w ell fo r t he Inc as but t h eir lea d er c ha fe d

,

a t his subj e c t i o n, a nd inc i t e d his men t o d eser t .

A p lo t w a s a rra nged a nd o n a d ay set t le d b efo re

,

ha nd t he Chanc a c o nt ingent left t he c a mp a nd ,

led by A nc O a yllu t h ey pro c eede d by fo rc e d
-
,

m a rc h es int o t he Ama z o nia n fo r est s This exo dus

.

w a s c o mm enc e d a t a p lac e c a lle d H ua ra c t a mp u, -

nea r H ua nuc o The y w ere so o n b eyo nd t he

.

rea c h o f p ursuit , a nd it is b elieved t ha t t hey

set t le d in v a lley s a lo ng t h e lo w er c o urse o f t h e

H ua lla ga Th ey w ere fo und t here by a Sp anish

.

e x e di t i o n in 1 55 6, a nd a r e c ent t r a v elle r h as
p
sugg est e d t ha t t he h a lf c ivi lise d L a mi st a s
-
or ,

M o t i lones o n t h e H ua lla ga , are t heir desc endant s

, .

T his e vent ma de a deep i mpressi o n o n t he Inc a

rec o rders, fo r it is m ent i o ne d by sev era l Sp anish
wri t ers w ho rec eive d t heir i nfo rm at io n fro m t h e
n a t iv e Am a ut a s .

On m a r c h ing no r t h fr o m Vi lc as h ua ma n, a ft e r
-

c r o ssin g t he d e ep g o rg e o f t h e P a mp a s by a bridg e

o f a lo e c a b les, t h e I nca a r m y ent e r e d up o n t h e

b a sin o f t h e J auj a riv er , a no t h er t ribut a ry o f

t he Ap uri m a c .The va ri o us st re a ms fl o win g t o t h e
J auj a a re in t he b o t t o ms Of d eep r a vi nes, whi le
t h e i nt erv ening high e r la nd s are fer t i le a nd
pro duc ed la rge c r o p s TO t he west t he sp lendid
.

m a ri t i m e c o rdi llera ri ses a brup t ly a nd in t hi s p a r t

,
 T H E POCR AS— H UA MA NCA 17 9

t he wa rlik e Mo ro c huc o s so ught fo r

fier c e a nd

p a st ur es a nd ra ise d edib le r o o t s a m o ng t he giddy

height s T o t he ea st w er e t h e e qua lly im p o sin g
.

mo unt a ins o f Cunt ur c unc a in t he r ea r o f w hic h -

,

t he Iquic ha no s d efi e d i nv a si o n T he i nt e rv eni ng .

p lains a nd ra vin es were inha bit ed by t he numero us

t rib e o f Po c ra s w h o ma d e a d e sp er a t e fight fo r
,

i nd ep end enc e .

The fina l st a nd o f t he Po c ra s a nd Moro c huc o s

w a s o n a slo p e b et w een t w o r a vin es a t t h e fo o t o f ,

t he Cunt ur c un c a heigh t s -
T her e w a s a t errible .

sla ught e r a nd t h e p la c e w a s ev e r a ft e rwa rd s c a lle d

,

t he AY A C U CH O o r c o rner o f dea t h Th e r emn a nt

’
1

o f Mo r o c huc o s fl
.
,

ed west w a rd t o t he ir o w n m o un

t a ins fo llo w e d c lo sely by t he Inc a g ener a l w ho

, ,

fin a lly enc am p e d o n a grassy slo p e a t t h e fo o t o f t he

first st eep a sc ent A s he sa t wi t h his o ffic er s
.

a r o un d him a t t h e ir e v ening m ea l a fa lc o n so a r e d ,

in c ir c les r o und his h ea d H e t hr e w up a pi ec e o f .

llama fl esh t o it c ryin g o ut H U A M A N CA t a ke

’
-
,

it falc o n !
, The t r a di t i o n w a s ne v er fo rgo t t en ,

a nd t he na t iv es t ell it t o t h i s d a y The p lac e .

,

a ft e rw a rd s t h e si t e o f a Sp a ni sh c i t y w a s c a lle d ,

H U A M AN CA ( Gua m a nga ) in m emo ry o f t he Inc a s

’
,

supp er gue st
2
.

1 A t t he sa me p la c e t he ind p end enc e e of Peru w a s w o n a t t h e

b a t t le b e t w ee n t h Sp a nish V ic o y
e nd er a t he Co lo m ia n G e ne ra lb
Suc re , in 1 8 24 .

2 Mo rua t e lls t h e st o r y different l y . He sa y s t h at t h e Inc a

H ua yn
Cc a p a c , w it
a o ne h of h is so ns na m e d H ua m a n, w a s
e nc a m e d per e h
T h e Inc a . g ra nt e d t h e la nd t o h is so n, sa in y g
H ua m a n-c a .
180 TH E YA U Y OS

Adv a nc ing no r t hwa rd s up t he J auj a va lley ,

t h e I n c a s next d e fea t e d a nd br o ught un d er sub

j e c t io n t h e H u a n c a n a t i o n,
w hi c h c u lt iv a t e d a nd

inha bi t e d t ha t fert ile regi o n In t he mo unt a ins

.

t o t h e w est wa rd t h er e wer e t w o r ema rk a b le t rib es ,

t h e Y auy o s a nd H ua ro c hiris w ho a pp ea r t o h a v e
,

desc ended int o t h e a dj a c ent c o a st va lleys a nd t o ,

ha v e grea t ly inc r ea se d t h eir w ell b ei ng by e xc h a nges

-

o f pr o duc t s ra ised in di ffer ent c li m es T he Y a uy o s

.

seem t o ha v e spr e a d Ov er t h e v a lle y s o f Pi sc o ,

Chin c ha Hua ron ( Ca fi et e) a nd Ma la ; and in a

, ,

ra vine lea ding up fr o m t he H ua rc u v a lley c a lle d ,

Runa huana t h e re are so me int er est ing ruins

-
, ,

r eferr ed t o in an a pp endix Ac c o rding t o Ga rc ila sso

.

t h e inha bi t a nt s o f H uarc u ma d e a v e ry d e sp e ra t e
r esi st a nc e t o t h e Inc a a rm s a nd t hi s seems t o be
,

c o nfi r me d by t h e fa c t t h a t t h e r uins o f a n e xt en

siv e I n ca ri a l fo r t r ess a n d p a la c e c a lle d H erv a y e xi st

, ,

o n a d efensive hill c lo se t o t h e sea fla nk e d by a ,

r a pid riv er o n o ne side a nd t he desert o n t he o t her .

Th e Y a uy o s Sp o k e a p ec uli a r di a lec t o f t h eir

o wn c a lle d Ca u a i
, g . M u c h r e d u c e d i n n u m b er s a nd

living in sma ll vi lla ges high up in t he mo unt a i ns ,

t he r e are no w no t mo r e t han 1 500 p e o p le w h o st i ll

sp ea k t hi s dia le c t . Lik e t h e Enc a na s a nd M o r e
c huc o s t he Y a uy o s a re a n int ellig ent r a c e a nd ma k e
, ,

e x c ellent a r t ifi c er s w h en a n o f t h em h a v e o pp or
y
t unit ies o f lea rning t ra de s in t h e c o a st va lleys
whi c h o nc e b elo nged t o t hem .

Th e H ua ro c hiris liv e d in lo ft y go rge s o f t he

m a ri t i me c o rdi lle r a s t o t he no r t h Of t he Y auy o s ,
1 82 CONCH UCOS ~
CA XA M A R CA— QUIT O
T hey wer e no w a n imm ense di st a nc e fro m t heir
b a se but t heir genera lship w a s c a r efully t ho ught
,

o ut a nd so so un d t h a t t h e y a dva n c e d wi t h c o nfi

denc e t o t he gr ea t la k e O f C i c h y c o c h a a nd t h e
h n a —

m o unt a i n kn o t o f C err o P a sc o whic h like t h a t o f

, ,

Vilc a fi o t a c o nne c t s t he e a st ern An d e s wi t h t he

,

m a ri t im e c o rdi llera T he m a r c h be it r em em b er e d
w a s no t a m
.
, ,

a t t e r o f m o nt h s but o f y e a r s
, .

T h e c o n quer o r s n o w e nt e r e d a n o t her r egi o n ,

t h e b a si n o f t h e Ma ra ii o n a nd t h e v e ry r em a rk a b le
,

fo rm a t i o n kn o wn a s t h e C a llej o n d e Hua ra s ’
.

A t H ua nuc o a gr e a t p a la c e w a s pr o j ec t e d a nd
a ft erw a rd s b ui lt by T up a c I nc a Y up a n qui fo rmi ng ,

e v ent ua lly t h e c h i e f sea t Of I nc a go v e rnm ent in

Chi nc ha y suy u Am o ng t he C o nc huc o s t hey m et

-
.

wi t h a p eo p le w ho ha d m a de m a rke d pr o gr ess in
t h e a r t s a nd h a d t a k en t he ir o w n li ne in t h e c o n
,

c ep t io n o f a r eligi o us b elie f T h e Inc a s p a ssed o n

.

a nd ,
a ft er sligh t o pp o si t i o n o c c upi e d Ca xa m a rc a
, .

In a no t h er c a m p a ign T up a c Inc a c o nquer e d t he

Pa lt a s a nd t h e t urb ule nt t rib e o f Ca na ri s whi le
, ,

t he t erri t o ri e s o f t h e gr ea t C hi mu in t h e c o a st ,

va lle ys were re duc e d t o subj ec t i o n Qui t o a lso

, .

b ec a m e p a r t o f t he empir e a ft er o ne d ec i siv e b a t t le .

T h e gr ea t est pr o o f Of t h e g enius o f t h e se I nc a
g ener a ls is t h e w a y in wh i c h t h ey c ha nge d t heir
t a c t i c s a nd m e t h o d s o f w a r fa r e a s so o n a s t hey
e nc o unt er e d c ir c um st a nc e s o f w hi c h t hey h a d
pr evi o usly no exp eri enc e Tup a c I nc a w a s a t t he
.

p a la c e he ha d c a use d t o be b ui lt a t Tumip a mp a ,

in t he c o unt ry o f t he Ca fi aris w hen he hea rd o f ,

 CON QUEST OF G UA Y A QU IL 1 83

t he ri c hes o f M a nt a t he la nd o f em era lds a nd o f

, ,

o t h e r c o a st r egi o ns H e r e so lv e d t o e xp lo r e a nd
.
,

t o a dd t hese c o un t ri es t o t h e e mpir e H e led his .

a rm y d o wn t hr o ugh t h e d ense fo r e st s t o t h e c o un t ry

o f t h e C ho no s ( t h e m o d ern Gua ya qui l) c o nst ruc t i ng ,

a r o a d a s h e a dv a nc e d Wi t h a ho st ile c o un t ry
d ifl
.
,

i c ult ie s in a rr a nging for supp li es a nd t h e ,

e xt ra o rdi na ry o b st ac les c a use d by t he d e nse v ege

t a t i e n t he ent erpri se se em e d a lmo st h o p eless

, On .

r ea c hin g t he b a nks o f t h e Gua ya qui l wh ere it is ,

na viga b le he fo un d t h e enem y in a la rge fl ee t o f

,

c a no e s wh i le h e w a s wi t h o ut a ny m ea ns o f a t t a c k
,

ing . But wit h T up a c Inc a t her e w a s no suc h wo rd

a s i mp o ssib le H avi ng a very ex c ellent syst em o f
.

r o a d ma king a nd effic i ent c o mmi ssa ria t a rra ng e

-
,

m ent s h e w a s wi t ho ut a nxi e t y a b o ut supp li es

T he m o r e i nsup era b le a pp ea r e d t h e d ifl
.
,

i c ult ie s
t he m o r e d e t ermine d he w a s t o o v e r c o m e t h em .

H e pr o c ee d e d t o b ui ld c a no es a nd t o e x er c i se ,

his so ldi er s a s c ano e men un t i l t he y w er e fa irly

-

e xp er t T hi s o c c upi ed sev era l m o nt hs H e t hen

a t t a c k e d t h e enem y s fl
. .

a nd t h e m a noeuvr e s
’
ee t ,

c o nt inue d fo r se v er a l d a ys so m et im e s o ne sid e a nd
,

so m e t im es t h e o t h e r ha ving c o mm a n d o f t he riv e r .

The I nc a ri a l so ldi er s w er e m o r e a c c ust o m e d t o

t h e use o f t h e lanc e t h an t o na v a l w a r fa r e so t h eir ,

very a b le genera l ga v e o rd ers t o gr a pp le a nd fight

a t c lo se qua r t er s T h e r esult w a s t h en no lo nge r
.

do ub t ful a nd t he Cho no s sub mit t ed T he I nc a

,
.

la nde d wh er e no w st a nds t h e c i t y o f G ua ya quil ,

a nd a ft er a so j o urn o f a y ea r h e r eso lv e d up o n t h e
184 VOYA G E OF D ISCOVER Y
c on quest o f t he i sland o f Puna in t he G ulf o f ,

Gua ya quil a ssist ed by t he c hiefs o f t he Cho no s

, ,

w ho h a d b ec o m e his a llies .M a ny c a no es were go t

r ea dy a nd go o d pilo t s were enga ged H ere sea
,
.

m a nlike ski ll w a s n ee d e d r a t h er t ha n r eli a nc e up o n

num b er s But n o t h in g c o uld r esi st T up a c s sup eri o r
’
.

st r a t e gy a nd
, t h e i sla n d w a s c o nquer e d M o st .

gener o us t erms w er e gra nt ed a nd a c o rdi a l fri end

,

ship ,
c e m e nt e d by a m a rri a ge w a s e st a b lish e d
,

b et we en t h e Inc a a nd t h e Pun a c hiefs The c o a st .

pro vinc es Of M a nt a a nd E sm era lda s t o t he ii o rt h , ,

sent in t h eir sub missi o n a nd t h e p o r t o f T um b e z

, ,

t o t h e so ut h o f t h e G ulf o f Gua ya quil w a s fix e d ,

up o n a s a mili t a ry st a t i o n .

While t he Tup a c I nc a Y up anqui w as a t Tum b e z ,

h e r ec eiv e d i nfo rm a t i o n t h a t far o ut in t h e o c e an

, ,

t her e w er e i sla nd s c a lle d H AH U A CH U M P I a nd NIN A

—

CH U M P I t h e o ut er a nd t h e fir e i sla n d s
, T h e I nc a .

w a s a m a n o f lo ft y id ea ls a nd a s Sa r mi ent o sa ys
, , ,

he r eso lv e d t o c ha lleng e a ha ppy fo r t une a nd ,

t ry if it w o uld fa v o ur him by sea T hi s w a s ’

.

a w o n d er ful e xp edit i o n but Sa rm i ent o s a c c o unt

’

is c o rr o b o r a t e d by B a lb o a a nd I ha v e c o m e t o
,

t h e c o nc lusi o n t ha t t h e st o ry Of t h e v o ya ge is
hist o ri c a lly t rue .

The I nc a s c a use d a n i mm ense num b e r o f ba lsas

t o be c o nst ruc t e d c o nsi st i ng o f i nfl a t e d se a l skins
,
-

fa st ene d t o g et h e r a nd so m e r a ft s
, H e t h en e m.

b a rke d wi t h a la rge d et a c hm ent o f his a rm y ,

lea vi ng t h e m a i n b o dy t o a wa i t his r e t urn a t

T umb e z .
1 86 T R IB E S OF COLLA S UY U -

vo ya ge o f di sc o v ery t o t he G a la p a go s Islands is
ma rv ello us T h ese st a t esm en a nd wa rri o r s w er e
.

n o o r dina ry c o n quer o r s a nd t he y w er e w ell fit t e d

,

t o r ul e t h e v a st empir e t h e y br o ught t o g et her wi t h

suc h ext ra o rdin arv S ki ll a nd d e t ermina t i o n .

C OLLA S U Y U-

The b a sin L a ke Ti t i c a c a t he la nd Of t he
of ,

m yst er i o us m eg a li t hic c i t y w a s bri e fly d esc rib ed in

,

t h e fir st e ssa y .Aft er t he di srup t i o n o f t he a nc i ent

e m pir e t h er e w a s a lo ng p eri o d o f c ent ur i es o f

b a rb a ri sm T h e t rib es whic h c a m e t o i nh a bi t t he
.

c o un t ry r o un d t he la k e m a y h a v e b een p a r t ly

d esc end ant s o f subj ec t s o f t he m ega li t hi c kin gs a nd

p a rt ly d esc enda nt s Of inva ders T hey were a .

ha rdy r a c e o f m o un t a i ne er s st r o n g a nd t hi c k se t
,
-
,

a nd c a p a b le o f end ur i n g gr e a t fa t igue Like t he

.

I nc a s a nd Quic hua s t h ey Sp o k e di alec t s o f t he

,

sa m e o rigi na l la ngua g e .

Of t he se t rib es t h e C A N A S w er e o n t he c r est o f
t h e w a t er p a r t in g b e t w een t h e Ti t i c a c a dr a in a ge a nd
-

t h e Vilc a m a yu Th e C OLLA S o c c upi e d t he w ho le

.

o f t h e n o r t h er n ha lf o f t he Ti t i c a c a b a si n T he y
.

w e r e t he m o st num ero us a nd p o w er ful o f t he t rib es

in t h e Ti t i c a c a r e gi o n Alo ng t h e w est ern sh o r es o f
.

t he la k e w er e t h e LU PA CA S The PA CA SA S o c cup i e d
.

t he ea st e rn sid e a nd t o t he so ut h w er e t h e P A CA J E S
,

a nd QU ILLA G U A S T her e w a s a lso an a lmo st

.
 T H E COLLA S 1 87

am ph ibi o us t rib e livi ng a m o ng t he r e ed s in t he

so ut h w est a ngle o f L a k e Ti t i c a c a , c a lle d U R U S
- .

T hey sp o ke a la ngua ge o f t heir o wn Ano t her .

la ngua ge , c a lle d P uquina w a s sp o k en in p a r t o f

,

C o lla suyu Gr ea t i nva si o ns fr o m t he so ut h a re

-
.

r ec o rd ed , e ven fro m Chil e a nd t he t rib es o f t he

,

la k e b asin were pra c t i se d in mo unt a in fight ing .

T he C o llas ha d a c quir e d pr e d o mina nc e o v e r t he

o t he r t rib es a nd e a r ly wri t er s giv e t h e g eneri c
,

nam e o f C o lla s t o t hem a ll It w a s pr o b a b ly a

.

c o nfe d er a c y wi t h t he C o lla c h i e f a t it s h e a d
,
He .

w a s b ec o m i ng v e ry p o wer ful e x t ending his sw a y ,

o v er Ar e quip a a nd T a c na t o wa rd s t he P ac ifi c a nd ,

i nt o so me Of t h e ea st e rn va lleys where c o c a is
gr o wn H is c hief sea t w a s a t H a t un co lla a few
.
-
,

miles no r t h w est o f t he no rt h w est e rn a ngle o f L a k e

- -

Ti t i c a c a H ere t here a re figur es c a rve d o n st o nes

.
,

a nd so m e few o t h e r v est iges o f t h e fo rm er gr e a t ne ss

o f t h e C o lla c h i ef Just a b o ve are t h e t o wers o r

.

c ha lp as o f Sillust a ni o v e rlo o king a m o un t a in la k e

, .

T h e C o lla s b ur i e d t heir d ea d in c r o ml ec hs c o n
si st in g o f huge b lo c k s o f st o ne m a ny o f wh i c h a re ,

st i ll e x t a nt L a t er t hey b uilt c ir c ula r t o wers o f

.

fi ne a shla r maso nry va ult e d a b o v e wi t h a c o pin g

,

r o un d t h e upp er p a rt So me are squa re The

. .

b est e xa mples a r e a t Sillust a ni nea r H a t un c o lla ,

-
,

t he pr o b a b le buri a l p la c e o f t h e C o lla c hie fs

-
.

Chuc hi Cc a p a c w a s t he na m e o f t he grea t c hief

w h o h augh t i ly r e fuse d t o sub mit t o t h e Inc a He .

h a d a la rge fo r c e o f h a rdy m o un t a ineer s a r o un d

h im i nur e d t o ha rd ship s bra v e a nd o f fi ne
, , ,
 188 W A R WIT H T H E COLLAS

p hysique T he y w er e c o nc ent ra t e d fo r t he d efenc e

.

Of H a t un c o ll a led by C huc hi Cc a p a c a nd a ll t h e
-
,

c hie fs o f his c o nfe d er a c y .

T he C o lla s w er e c o nst a nt ly m a king in c ur si o ns

d o wn t he va lley o f t h e Vilc a ma yu and w er e a s c o n ,

st a n t l
y d r iv en b a c k o v e r t h e p a ss A t la st t h e I nc a
.

b ui lt a wa ll fr o m t he sno ws o f Vilc a fio t a a c r o ss t he

ro a d t o t he sno ws o n t he west ern side T he Co lla s .

a gr e e d t h a t t h i s sh o ul d be t h eir b o un d a ry B ut .

t he y br o k e t h e t r ea t y a nd c o nt inue d t heir r a id s .

Th e Inc a t her efo r e r eso lve d t o c o nque r t hem

!

.
, ,

Liza rr a ga sa ys t ha t t he r ema ins o f t he wa ll

wer e st ill vi sib le in his t im e a t t h e p o int o n t he
,

summi t o f t he p a ss c a lle d La R a ya by t he
Sp a ni a rd s .

T he Inc a Pa c ha c ut i a ssemb le d a gr ea t a rm y ,

c r o sse d t h e p ass o f Vilc a fi o t a a nd a dv a nc e d a c r o ss

,

t he C o lla o wi t ho ut o pp o si t i o n unt i l he c a m e in
sigh t o f t he e nem y s fo r c es dr a wn u i fr
’

p n o n t o f
H a t un c o lla T he pro ud c hief w as c a lle d up o n
-
.

e i t he r t o serv e a nd o b e y t h e I nc a o r t o t ry his

fo r t un es in b a t t le The r ep ly w a s t ha t C huc hi
.

Cc a p a c exp ec t e d t h e I nc a t o sub mi t t o him lik e ,

t he c hi efs o f o t h er na t i o ns he ha d c o n quer e d The .

a nsw e r c o nc lud e d wi t h a sa va g e t hr ea t .

Th e t w o a rmi es t h en enc o un t er e d e a c h o t he r
in d esp era t e ha n d t o ha n d c o m b a t s a nd t he i ssue
- -
,

w a s fo r a lo ng t i me d o ub t ful T h e I nc a w a s in
.

e v e ry p a r t givi ng o rd er s figh t in g
, , a nd a ni m a t i n g
,

his t r o o p s
. Fo r a m o ment t h er e w a s a p a use The .

slight est t hi ng might ha v e t ur ne d t he sc a le At .

190 Q E
CON U ST OF CH IL E
fo rt r esses . T he fin al Puc a ra wher e
st a n d w as at ,

t he C o lla s sust a ine d a c rushing d efe a t A ll t ho ught s .

o f furt he r r e si st a nc e w er e a b a nd o ne d .

T he Inc a pr o ceede d t o in c lud e T uc um a n a nd

Chi le in his c o n que st s A st o ry is t o ld by Mo nt e .

sino s r esp ec t ing t he Chi li a n a nnexa t i o n whi c h

seem s quit e pr o b a b le .

It a pp ea r s t h a t t w o C hili an c hiefs w h o h a d ,

c o m e wi t h a c o nt ing ent t o h elp t h e C o ll as w e r e ,

t a k en pri soner s a nd sent t o Cuz c o T he y w er e .

rec eiv e d wi t h gr ea t kindness by t h e Inc a ; w h o

ga ve t hem t w o Pa lla s his ha lf si st ers fo r t heir
1
,
-
,

wiv es . T hey r et urned t o Chi le a nd ha d t w o so ns ,

by t he Inc a princ esses In c o ur se o f t im e t h e .

Inc a s Chili a n nep h ews pro p o se d a vi sit t o t heir

’

i mp eri a l unc le and a rrive d a t Cuz c o wi t h a la rge

,

r et inue They w er e r ec eiv e d by t he Inc a wi t h

.

m uc h lo v e a nd gr ea t r ej o i c ings T hey ent rea t e d .

t h e ir un c le t o vi si t t he ir c o unt ry whe r e a ll d e sir e d ,

t o see him H e c o nsent e d t o d o so in t h e fo llo wi ng

.

yea r a nd his nephews r et urne d t o Chile wi t h m a ny

,

Orej o nes a nd sev er a l Ame ut a s t o t ea c h t hem t h e

a rt o f g o v er nm ent B ut a num b er o f C hili a n c hi efs
.

t ho ught t ha t t his fri end ship wi t h t he I nc a b o d e d

no g o o d t o t h em a n d t h e y t o o k u a rm s T he
, p .

n ep h e w s h o weve r d e fea t e d t h em e v en b efo r e

, , ,

t he Inc a c o uld a rriv e in C hile whic h h e did wi t h ,

a
g r ea t a rm y A ll t h.e c hi e fs sub m i t t e d t o him

a nd a ft er t w o y ea r s he le ft his nep h e w s in p ea c e ful

, ,

p o ssessi o n a s his V i c ero ys H is d o m ini o ns ext end e d .

1 Pa lla was a m a rr ie d p rinc e ss .

 SY ST E M OF COLONISA T ION 19 1

t o t he riv er Ma ul e in t he so ut h o f C hile T hus .

t h e em pir e w a s m o r e t h a n 2 000 miles in leng t h ,

fr o m t h e riv er Ma ulé t o Pa st e .

Fr o m t ha t t im e t h e Co llas a nd Chilia ns furnishe d

va lua b le c o nt ingent s t o t he Inc a a rmies .

T h e Inc a T up a c Yup a nqui sa w t he ne c essi t y

for est a b li shing p erm a nent t ra n qui llit y in t h e
Co lla o by a syst em o f c o lo ni sa t i o n Grea t num b ers
.

o f C o llas a nd Lup ac as w er e sent t o c o lo nise t he

c h a rmin g va lleys o f Are quip a M o quegua a nd, ,

Ta c na o n t he west side o f t he m a ri t ime c o rdi llera .

Ot her s w er e sent d o wn i nt o t h e Am a z o ni a n v a ll eys

t o t h e east w a rd t o c ult iv a t e c o c a a nd wa sh fo r
,

go ld Tra di t i o ns are pr eserv ed ev en no w whi c h

.
,

t ell fr o m wh i c h di st ri c t in t h e C o lla o t he e xi les w er e

t a k en a nd w h i t h er sent
,
. Th e c o n quest o f t he C o llao
w a s o f immense i m p o r t a nc e b eca use it w a s t h e o nly
,

so ur c e o f t in fo r t h e ir br o nz e w e a p o ns a nd t o o ls ,

a nd t he princ ip a l so ur c e o f g o ld fr o m Cara v a ya .

T up a c Inc a w a s d eep ly i mpr esse d by t he va st

ruins a t Ti a hua na c u o f un kn o wn o rigin by t h e
, ,

b ea ut i es o f t h e gr ea t la ke a nd o f t h e sun ri sin g
,

o v e r t h e sno wy p e a k s o f I llim a ni a nd I lla m p u .

H e c a use d a p a la c e t o be b uilt o n t he i sla n d Of

C o a t i in t he la k e w i t h b a t hs a nd ga rd ens A
, , .

num b e r o f Or ej o n es r e ma in e d in t he Co lla O t o

c a rry o n t h e a dm i ni st r a t i o n a n d e migr a nt s a rriv e d

,

t o t a ke t h e p la c es o f t h e exile d C o lla s a nd Lup a c as .

T hese emigra nt s were c hiefly Quic huas o f

va ri o us t rib es fro m Cunt i suyu A num b er o f
-
.

Ayma ra s fr o m t he h ea d wa t ers o f t he Pa c ha c haca

,
-
,
19 2 NA ME OF A YMA R A

were set t le d a m o ng t he r ema ining Lup a c a s a t

Juli o n t he west c o a st o f t h e la k e wher e t he ,

la ngua ge s o f t h e t w o r a c es a pp ea r t o h a v e go t
c o nsid e ra b ly m ix e d In 15 7 6 t h e J esuit s set t le d
.

at Jul i a nd h a d a print in g press t h er e a nd

,
-
,

her e t h ey lea r nt t h e la ngua ge o f t he Lup a c a s fr o m

t h e Aymar a emigr a nt s w h o g a v e t h em m a ny,

Quic hua wo rds fo r t hey seem t o h a v e use d w o rds

,

o f b o t h la n gua g e s in t h eir c o nv er sa t i o ns T his .

e xp la in s t h e r ea so n w hy t he first pri est s w ho

ac quir e d t h e C o lla la ngua g e a nd a ft e rwa rds t h e

J esuit s ga ve t he name o f Ayma ra t o t he langua ge

o f t h e C o llao Ludo vic o B er t o nio w as a t Juli fro m
.

1 5 9 0 t o 161 2 a nd b e fo r e h e a rriv e d t h e J esui t s h a d

,

a d o p t e d t h e na m e o f Aymara t o wha t B ert o nio

c a lls est a lengua I/ a p aca H e p ub li sh e d his Ar t e
.

y Gr am at ic a o f Aym a ra a t R o m e in 1603 a nd a ,

sec o n d e dit i o n wi t h a di c t io na ry a t Juli in July

, ,

1 61 2 . T orr es Rubi o fo llo we d wi t h a gramma r a nd

v o ca bulary o f Ayma ra in 1616 The wo rd
Aym a ra is no w genera lly but ve ry err o neo usly , ,

a p p lie d t o t h e la ngua g e a nd p eo p le o f t he b a si n

o f L ak e Ti t i ca c a .

A NT I S U Y U
-

Th e c h a i n of t he rn An d es is p ene t ra t ed by
east e

fiv e gr ea t riv e rs w hi c h uni t e t o fo rm t he might y

T h ey fl
,

Or ella na o w n o r t h w a rd s unt i l t h e y uni t e

’

fl
.
,

a nd t h en o w e a st wa rd in o ne m a j est i c st r ea m t o
 19 4 VE G E TA TION OF T H E M ONT ANA

go rges a nd ra vines whi c h present ma gnific ent

sc enery , t h e lo ng spur s b e ing c o v er e d wi t h t he
ri c hest t ro pi c a l veget a t i o n t o t h eir summit s H ere .

a re seen t h e lo v ely c hinc h o na t r e es wi t h t h e ir re d

v eine d glo ssy lea ves a nd p anic les o f whit e flo wers

,

wi t h p ink lac ini ae emit t ing a deli c i o us fr a gra nc e

, .

H ere t o o are m a ny sp ec i es o f Melast o ma s e sp ec i a lly

, , ,

t he L asi a ndr a wi t h it s p ur p le fl o wers a nd t rip le

vei ne d lea ves But t he flo wering t rees a nd b ushes
.

a re i nnume r a b le a nd a b o v e t h e t hic k fo li a g e are

,

seen t he fea t he ry fro nd s o f p a lm t rees . From t he

lo ft i er m o unt a i ns w at er fa lls ma y be seen in ra pid
d esc ent unt i l t h ey are lo st t o vi ew b ehind t he
d ense v eget a t i o n ; so me in sheet s o f spra y o t hers ,

lik e fi lms o f la c e but mo st in a so lid v o lume o f

,

m o vi ng w a t er a ll gli t t eri ng when t he c lo uds o p en

,

a nd t h e sun t hr o ws it s r a ys up o n t h em These
.

a re sc ene s o f unsurp a sse d lo v eli ness . But in t he

p la i ns b elo w t he vi ew is o b st ruc t ed by t he v eget at i o n
gro wi ng in d ense ma sses b eneat h t he lo ft y t rees .

Only o n t he riv e r b a nk s t h e re a re b eaut i ful vi ews

fo rme d by lo ng vi st a s Of t r o pi c a l v eget a t i o n .

It w a s t o t he fo r est s east wa rd o f Cuz c o t ha t

t he Inc a s first t urne d t heir a t t ent i o n . T o t he
e a st o f t he v a lle y o f t h e Vilc a ma u t h e ra nge o f
y
t he And es is c ut la t e ra lly by t h e Ya na t ild e v a lley ,

a nd fur t h er e a st by t h e lo ng v a lley t h r o ugh whi c h

t he riv er Pa uc art a mp u fl o ws B o t h t he Ya na t ild e

Pa uc art amp u fl
.

a nd o w no r t h t o j o i n t he Vi lc a

m a y u t ho ugh t h eir previ o usly unk no w n c o urses

,

w ere o nly t ra c ed fo r t he first t i me a very few yea rs

, ,
 19 6 AN A RDU OU S CA M PA IG N

It w a s t o r by t he ro ut e no w c a lle d Tres
e nt e

Cruc es A c a p t a in na me d Cha lc o Yup a nqui le d

.
’

t h e right c o lum n fr o m t he Pi lc o p a t a o r g a rla nd

hi ll A t t he sa m e t i m e t h e mo nt a na o f M a r c a p a t a
’
.
,

t o t h e so ut h w a s t o be i nv a de d by A p u c c uri
,
-

m a c h i wi t h a fo ur t h c o lumn .

T h e t h r ee c o lum ns in t h e P a uc a rt a m b o v a lle y
w ere t o st a rt a t t h esa m e t i me o n c o nv erging lines ,

t o fo rm a j unc t i o n a t Op o t a ri in t h e fo r est a b o ut ,

t w elv e miles fr o m t he fo o t o f t h e m o unt a i ns T he .

i nha bi t a nt s w h o b elo nge d t o t he t rib e c a lle d

,
~

Ca mp a s o r Ant i s sub mit t e d a t o nc e a nd t he

, ,

set t lem ent c a lle d A bisc a fo r t he c ult iva t i o n o f

,

c o c a w a s fo r m e d ne a r t h e riv e r T o no
, T he I nc a.

t h en b e g a n t o m a k e a r o a d t hr o ugh t he d e nse fo r est

in o rd e r t o reac h t h e set t lem ent s Of t he ne x t t rib e .

T a ll t re es w ere c limb e d t o seek o ut t he p o sit i o ns

o f i nha bi t e d p la c es by t he sm o k e ri si ng o v e r t he

t rees .T he t r o o p s suffere d fr o m t he c ha ng e o f
c li m a t e a nd fr o m t he t o i l o f h e wi ng o ut t he r o a d
, .

T here w a s muc h si c kness a nd m any die d A t o ne .

t i me t h e Inc a wi t h a t hird o f t h e t r o o p s lo st his

, ,

w a y a nd w a nd er e d a b o ut fo r m a ny d a ys unt i l a t ,

la st t hey fe ll in wi t h t he c o lumn o f Ut ur unc u w ho

, ,

p u t t h em o n t he r o ut e T h e c o m bi ne d fo r c es
.

t h e n d e sc end e d t he riv er T o ne .

T h e fi na l r esul t o f t he c a m p a ign w as t ha t t hree

bra nc hes o f t he Ca mp a s a t rib e o f fi ne musc ula r
,

m e n a nd b ea ut i ful wo m e n sub mi t t e d a nd b e c a me
,

subj ec t s o f t h e I nc a T hese wer e t he Op a t aris

.
,

t he Ma fi a ris c a lled a lso Y a na si mi s o r

,
b lac k
-
 SE TT LE M E NT S 197

mo ut hs ,
’
a ndChunc hos The sub missi o n
t he .

i nc lude d a v ast t rac t o f fo r est yi elding va lua b le ,

t i m b e r a nd wi t h la nd suit a b le fo r c o c a p la nt a t i o ns
,
.

Th e M a fia ris w ere a lso m et wi t h o n t h e lo we r

r ea c hes o f t he river Vilc a m ayu a nd in t he monta ria
,

b eyo nd t he Vilc ap am p a m o unt a i ns a nd t he y ,

a lwa ys r e m a i ne d fri e nd ly t o t h e I nc as Furt he r .

no r t h t h e r e w a s a fi e r c e a nd h o st i le t rib e c a lle d

Pilc o so nes .

T he M r p a ca mn
a t a c o luby le d c c uri m a c h i
Ap u- -

m a r c he d ea st wa rd t o t h e I na m b a ri a nd a dva nc e d ,

a s fa r a s a riv e r c a lle d Pa t it i w h er e t h e ir lea d e r

y ,

se t up t h e fr o nt i e r pi lla r s Of t h e I nc a Ut ur unc u .

w a s le ft t o c o mp le t e t h e c o n quest a id e d by d e t a c h
,

m ent s o f c o lo ni st s w ho m a d e c lea ri ngs fo r c o c a

p la nt a t i o ns a nd c o llec t e d c ho nt a p o les a nd o t h er
,

pr o d uc t s M o st o f t he set t lem ent s w ere ro und

.

Abisc a a nd in t he b asi n o f t h e riv e r T o no ; but

,

t h e r e w e r e o t h e rs o n t he b a nk s Of t h e Vilc a m a yu
a nd in M a rc a p a t a .

Aft er t he c o nquest o f Co lla suyu t he fo rest s o f

-

t h e pr o vinc e Of Ca rav a ya a lso b e c a m e a gr ea t so ur c e

o f w e a lt h t o t h e Inc a s L a rge num b ers o f C o lla s
.

were sent d o wn i nt o t h e b ea ut i ful v a lleys t o gr o w

frui t t r e es a nd c ult iva t e t h e c o c a p la nt a s w e ll ,

as t o w o rk a nd w a sh fo r g o ld Ind ee d it w a s
.
,

princ ip a lly fr o m Carav a y a t h a t t he i m mense

qua nt i t i es o f g o ld c a me wh i c h w er e use d fo r vases
a nd o t h e r ut ensi ls fo r a d o rni ng t he t em p les a nd
,

ido ls for t h e i mp eri a l t hro nes a nd lit t ers fo r

, ,

o r na me nt i ng t h e ri c h dr esse s a nd fo r m a ny o t h e r
,
198 E
S TT L MENT S E
p urp o ses . Muc h g o ld a lso c ame fro m t he ri c h
v alleys who se rivers unit e t o fo rm t he B eni .

F ur t her so ut h t her e wer e so m e fi erc e a nd

sa v a g e t rib e s in t h e fo r est s o f t h e Gr an Chac u o r ’

g r ea t hun t i n g gr o un d A m o ng t h ese t h e m o st
.

t r o ub leso me we r e t he Chirihua na s w h o w er e sa id ,

t o h a v e b een c a nnib a ls T h e y wer e a lwa ys ho st i le

.
,

a nd e v en h a d t h e a ud a c i t y t o m a k e i nc ur si o ns

i nt o t he high er la nds o f Cha r c a s .

On t h e riv er H ua lla ga t h e r emna nt o f t he

Chanc a s t o o k r e fuge a nd t h e a nc est o rs Of t he
,

e xi st i ng Am a z o ni a n t rib e o f M a y o runa s a re sa id

t o ha ve fl e d b e fo r e t h e C h a nc a s t o se t t le l o w e r

d o wn t he c o urse o f t h e grea t river The pr esent .

Hua lla ga t rib es Of Cho lo nes a nd M o t ilo nes o r ,

L a m i st a s ma y be d esc end a nt s o f t he Cha nc a s

, .

The I nc as o c c upi e d C ha c h a p o y a s in t he b a sin o f

t h e Ma ra fi o n An e xp e di t i o n is r e c o rd e d sent
.
,

by t h e I nc a H ua yna Cc a p a c t o t h e c o un t ry o f
t h e C o fa ne s a t rib e in t he fo r est s o f t h e ri v e r
,

Na p o t o t h e e a st o f Q uit o A st o ry is a lso t o ld
.

by M o nt esi no s o f so me Or ej o nes h a ving fo und

t h eir w a y t h enc e by t h e w a t erw a ys a nd t hr o ugh
t h e d ense fo r e st s t o C uz c o a v o ya ge w hi c h o c c upi e d
,

se v e r a l y ea r s It w a s c er t a i nly a m o st r e ma rk a b le
.

a c h i e v em en t if t r ue a nd c o nsid eri ng t h e e ne rgy

,

a nd i nt ellig enc e Of t h e se p e o p le I c a n see no suffi c i ent

r e aso n fo r d o ub t i ng t he t rut h o f t h e st o ry .

T he wi sd o m o f t h e Inc a s is w ell sh o w n in t h eir

p o li c y wi t h r ega rd t o t he r e gi o n o f Am a z o ni a n
fo r e st s
. T hey ma de no usele ss ra ids o r exp edi t i o ns ,
 CHAPT E R XIII
T H E C OA ST V A LLEY S

TH E c o a st o f P eru w a s a la t e c o nquest o f t he Inc a s .

It c o nt a i ne d di st i nc t c ivi lis a t i o ns t h a t t o t h e no r t h
, ,

e sp e c i a lly ,
pre se nt ing hist o ri c a l a nd p hi lo lo gi c a l
pr o b lem s a s y et unso lve d It s physi c a l a sp ec t s
.

a re unique a nd e x t r e m ely i nt er e st in g T he y d e.

m a nd a t t ent i o n b efo r e c o nsid eri ng t h e li t t le t h a t

is kn o wn o f t h e a nc i ent p eo p le i nh a bi t i ng t h i s
wo nd er ful r egi o n in a ge s lo ng p a st .

A st rip o f la nd a vera ging a widt h o f fr o m

,

20 t o 60 mi les e x t end s fr o m 4 t o 20 S o r
° °
.
,

upw a rd s o f 1 5 0 0 mile s b et w e en t he m a ri t i m e
c o r diller a a nd t h e P a c ifi c Oc ea n It h a s b e en up
.

ra i sed fr o m t h e sea a t no v ery r emo t e p eri o d T h e .

sa m e shells a s e xi st in t h e pr e sent o c ea n are mi ngle d

wi t h t h e r ema i ns o f m a n C o rn c o b s a nd c o t t o n
.
-

t wine w er e fo und by D a rwi n a t a h e igh t o f 85

fe a b o v e t h e s a
e t e .
1
T hi s up hea va l must ha ve t a ke n
p la c e a t a t i m e no t o nly wh en m a n w a s o c c upyi ng
t h e la nd but wh en t h e r e a lr ea dy e xi st e d a n a gri
,

c ult ur a l c o mm uni t y r a i si ng m a iz e a nd c o t t o n c r o p s .

T he P e r uvi a n c o a st is pra c t i c a lly a r a i nless

r egi o n a nd t h e r ea so n fo r t hi s p heno meno n
,

a t t r a c t e d t h e a t t e nt i o n o f mo st o f t h e e a r ly wri t er s .

I O t h i l nd f S
n e s a o an L n
o re f m i g t h C ll
z o, or n h g
e a a o a nc o ra e.

2 00
 A CT ION OF T H E T RA DE W IND - 20 1

Ac o st a is very ha zy o n t he subj ec t Ci e z a d e .

L eo n c om es nea r er t he t rue c a use whic h is o f c our se

,

d ue t o t h e h eight o f t h e An d es Fo r t h e so ut h ea st
.
-

t r a d e wind b lo ws o b liquely a c r o ss t h e At la nt i c
-

Oc ea n unt i l it r eac h es t h e c o a st o f Bra zi l he a vi ly ,

la d en wi t h m o i st ur e It c o nt i nues t o c a rry t hi s
.

m o i st ur e a c r o ss t h e c o nt i nent d ep o si t i ng it a s it
,

pro c eeds a nd filli ng t he t rib ut a ri es a nd so ur c es

,

Of t h e Ama z o n a nd La P la t a E vent ua lly t h i s

.

t ra d e wi nd r ea c h es t he sno w c a pp e d m o unt a i ns o f
- -

t he An d e s a nd t h e la st p a r t i c le o f m o i st ur e is wr ung
,

fro m it t h a t t he v ery lo w t emp er a t ur e can e xt r a c t .

M eet ing wi t h no e va p o ra t i ng sur fa c e a nd wi t h no

t em p er a t ur e c o lde r t h an t h a t t o whic h it w a s sub
e c t e d o n t h e m o unt a i n t o p s t h e t ra d e wi nd r ea c h e s
j ,

t he P a c ifi c Oc ea n b e fo r e it a ga i n b e c o m e s c h a rg e d
wit h fr esh mo i st ure T he la st dr o p it ha s t o sp a r e
.

is d ep o si t e d a s sno w o n t h e t o p s o f t he m o unt a i ns .

It r e a c h es t he c o a st r e gi o n a s a p er fec t ly dry wi nd .

Yet t h e c o a st a t m o sp h er e is no t a b so lut ely dry .

T here is int ense hea t a nd a c lea r sky fr o m No vem b er

t o Apri l but in Ma y t he sc e ne c h a nges
, A t hi n
.

mi st a ri ses whic h inc r eases in d ensit y un t il Oc t o b er ,

ri si ng in t he m o rning a nd disp ersing a t a b o ut

3 RM .It b ec o m es fin e drizz li ng ra in c a lle d
g a r a a . T h i s ga ra a e x t e n d s fr o m t h e sea sh o r e

t o ne a r t h e m o unt a ins w h e r e r a i n c o mm enc es

, ,

t h e line b e t w e en t he ga ra a a nd t h e r a i n r egi o n
b ei ng di st inc t ly m a rke d T her e are even est a t es
.

wher e o ne ha lf t he la nd is wa t er e d by ga rua s t h e ,

o t he r h a lf by r a i n B ut t he pr ev a i ling a sp ec t
.
20 2 TH E H UM B OLD T C URRENT
of t he c o ast is a ra inless d esert t r a v er sed, at

i nt erv a ls by fert ile

, va lleys .

T h e c li m a t e o f t he c o ast is m o difi e d a nd m a de
wa rm er by a no t her a genc y No t o nly is t he .

c o nst a nt ly pr e va i ling wi n d fr o m t h e so ut h t h er e ,

is a lso a c o ld c urr ent a lwa ys fl o w i ng wit h a t em

p e ra t ur e s e v er a l d e gr e es lo w e r t h a n t h a t o f t h e

surr o unding o c e a n It is b eli ev e d by so me t o

.

be derive d fro m t h e An t a r c t i c r egi o ns by o t h e r s ,

t ha t it is fo rm e d by c o ld w a t e r in t he d e p t h s ri si ng
t o t h e surfa c e B e t hi s h o w it ma y t h e Humb o ldt
.
,

c urr ent a s it h a s b e en c a lle d si nc e 1802 pr o fo und ly

, ,

a ffe c t s t he c li m a t e o f t h e P e ruvi a n c o a st whi c h ,

is c o o ler a nd dri er t h a n a ny o t h er t r o pi c a l r egi o n .

Alt ho ugh t h e gr ea t er p a rt o f t he c o ast r egi o n

c o nsi st s o f d eser t o r o f a rid a nd st o ny r a nge s

o f h i ll s ,
it is wa t er e d by riv e rs whic h c r o ss t h e
d esert a t i nt erva ls a nd fo rm fer t i le va lleys o f
va ryi ng wid t h T he desert s b et w een t he riv er
.

va lleys va ry in e xt ent t he la rgest b ei ng upwa rds

,

o f sev e nt y mile s ac r o ss On t h eir west ern ma rgi n

.

st e ep c li ffs ri se fr o m t h e se a a b o v e w hi c h is t h e
,

d eser t p la t ea u a pp a rent ly qui t e b a re o f veget a t i o n

, .

T he sur fac e is g e ne r a lly h a rd but o n so m e o f ,

t h e d e se rt s t he r e a re grea t a c c um ula t i o ns o f dri ft i ng

sea sa nd .Thi s sa nd fo rms i so la t e d hi llo c ks c a lle d ,

med a nos in t h e sha p e o f a c resc ent b ea ut i fully

, ,

sy mm e t ri c a l wi t h sh a rp ridg e s a nd t heir c o nv e x
, ,

sid es t ur ne d t o w a rd s t h e t r a d e wi nd A ny st o ne
-
.

o r d ea d m ule fo r m s a nuc leus fo r t h em ; but t he y

are c o nst a nt ly shi ft i ng a nd a st r o ng wi nd c a use s

,
204 T H E COA ST VA LL YS E
hill o c ks, r t h e c o a st undergo a c o mp let e c hange
ne a .

As if by a st r o k e o f m a gi c b lo o ming v eg et a t i o n o ve r
spr ea ds t he gr o un d wh i c h is c o v e r e d wi t h p a st ur e
,

a nd wi ld fl o w er s c hi efly c o m p o si t ae a nd c ruc i fer s

,
.

But t h i s o nly la st s fo r a sh o r t t i m e . Genera lly t he

d esert s present a d eso la t e a sp ec t wi t h no sign o f
,

v eg et a t i o n o r o f a li v i ng c rea t ur e In t h e v ery lo ft i est

.

r egi o ns o f t he a ir t he m a j est i c c o ndo r m a y p erha p s

be see n fl o a t i ng la zi ly t h e o nly a pp e a r a nc e o f li fe
,
.

Im a gine t he t ra veller w h o ha s wea ri ly t o i le d

,

o v e r m a ny le a gues o f t h i s wild a nd fo rbiddi n g r egi o n ,

sudd e nly r ea c hi ng t h e v e rg e o f o ne o f t h e riv e r v a lle y s .

T h e c ha nge is m a gi c a l .H e sees a t his fee t a br o a d

e xp a nse c o v e r e d wi t h p e rp et ua l v erd ur e R o w s a nd
.

c lum p s Of p a lm s a nd r o w s o f wi llo w s sh o w t h e li ne s

o f t h e w a t e rc o urses . A ll r o und a re fruit g a rd ens ,

fi elds o f ma iz e a nd c o t t o n whi le w o o ds o f a lga ro ba

,

fri nge t h e v a lle y a nd fo rm o ne o f it s sp ec i a l fea t ur es .

Th e a lga roba ( Pro sop is horrida ) is a pri c k ly

t ree ra rely ex c e edi ng fo r t y fee t in h eight wi t h ,

rugge d b a rk a nd bipi nna t e fo li a ge The t runks .

ne v e r gr o w st r a igh t ,
s o o n b ec o m e fa irly t h i c k ,

a nd a s t h eir r o o t s t a k e li t t le h o ld o f t h e fri a b le

e a rt h , t he y fa ll o v e r i nt o a r ec lini ng p o st ur e ,

a nd i mm e di a t ely b e gi n t o se nd Off new r o o t s in

e v e ry p a r t Of t h e t r unk in c o nt a c t wi t h t h e so i l .

T h ey t hus a ssume a t wi st e d a nd fa nt a st i c a pp ea r
a nc e,
m o r e lik e gig a nt i c c o rk sc re ws t ha n t r ees .

Th e a lga ro ba ha s r ac em es o f sm a ll yello wi sh green

flo wers whi c h no uri sh mult i t ud es o f sm a ll fli es a nd
b eet les a nd t hey in t he ir t urn supp ly fo o d t o flo c ks
,
 T H E COA ST VA LL E YS 2 05

of bird s m o st o f t hem so ngst ers The fl o wers are

,
.

fo llo w e d by p endulo us p o d s six t o eight i nc h es lo ng , ,

c o nt a i ning se v e r a l t hi n se e d s i mm e r se d in a muc ila

in o u s sp o ngy sub st a nc e whi c h is t h e nut ri t iv e p a r t

g .

Th e t i m b e r is v ery h a rd a nd dur a b le a nd a lso m a k es ,

e x c ellent fir e w o o d Wi t h t he a lgaroba t her e are

.

b ushes so met i mes gr o wi ng int o t r ees o f vic lt a ya

, ,

C
( ppa a r is c ro t o no id es) a t r ee c a lle
, d z a
p ot e d el
p erro ( Co lico dendrum sca bridum) A p oc ynea , , a nd a n

wi t h bright gr een la nc eo la t e lea v es, a nd c lust ers o f

sm a ll wh i t e fl o w e r s Nea r t h e r o o t s o f t he c o r dille r a
.

t he v eget a t i o n b e c o mes m o re d ense a nd va ri ed .

Th e fer t i le val le ys o f t he c o ast v a ry in e xt e nt

a nd in t h e supp ly o f w a t er t he y r ec e iv e So me .

riv er s ha ve t h eir so ur c es b ey o nd t he ma rit i m e

ra nge a nd t h e fl
, o w is a b und a nt a nd p e r enni a l .

Ot her s a re le ss w ell supp li ed Ot he r s wi t h so ur c e s .

,

in t he m a ri t im e c o rdillera a re so me t i m es dry , ,

a nd t he supp ly o f wa t e r is pr ec a ri o us .

Alt o get her t here are fo r t y fo ur c o a st va lleys 1 -

a lo ng t h e 140 0 mile s o f P e r uvi a n se a b o a rd a nd -

, ,

wi t h r e fer enc e t o t he st udy o f t he fo rmer hi st o ry

o f t he c o unt ry t he y m a y be divid e d i nt o t hr ee
,

sec t i o ns The t w ent y n o r t he r n v a lleys in c lud e

.

t he t erri t o ry o f t he Gra nd Chim u wh o se hist o ry ,

is st i ll sh r o ud e d in m yst e ry T he c ent r a l t w e lv e .

fo rm e d t he d o mi ni o ns o f t he C hi nc ha c o nfe d er a c y ,

1 Vo n T sc hudi giv es t h e num er a tb fif t y -nine , a d ding fift e en to

t he fo rt yf
- o ur . B ut h e must hv
a e inc lud ed ra v ine s wit h w a te r
co ur ses a lmo st a l w a y s d ry , suc h asA sia , t he quebred a s o f Pesc ad o res
a nd M a nga , Pisa gua , T a c a ma , M e xillo nes , a nd Le a a s w e ll as
b h
ra nc es o f ma in r ivers, suc h
a s M a c ara , Q uiro s a nd So m a t a , t ri u b
20 6 T H E COA ST VA LL E YS
a nd t he r t w elve wer e o nly p e o p le d by
so ut he n

mit ima es in la t e r t imes t h o ugh t her e w a s a sc a nt y

,

a b o rigi na l fi sh i ng p o p ula t i o n .

V alle y s of the V a l le y s of the Va lleys in t he

Ch imu C hi h
nc a c o nfe d e ra c y so ut h
1 1 T um b ez 1 21 Cha nc a y 1 33 A c a ri
1 2 Chira 1 22 Ca ra b a yllo 34 A t equip a
1 3 Piura 1 2 3 R ima c 3 35 A t ic o Ya uc a
1 M o t up e 2 24 Lurin 1 36 Oc o fi a
Le ch e
or 1 25 Ma la 1 37 Ma j es
1 5 La m b a y e que 1 2 6 H ua rc u 38 Vit o r
2 6 Et en 3 27 T up ara 1 39 T a mbo p a lla
2 7 Sa fi a 1 28 Chinc ha 4 0 Ylo
1 8 Pa c a sma yu 1 2 9 Pisc o 1 4 1 Lo c umb a
1
9 Chic a m a 1 30 Yc a 1:

4 2 Sam a
1 10 M uch i 1 31 R io Gra nd e 1 43 T a c na
2 11 Viru 2 32 Na sc a 1 44 A z a p a
2 12 Chao
1 13 Sa nt a
2 14 Nep efia
1 Pa t ivilc a
2 15 Ca sma
3 1 6 Cul eb r a
2 17 H uarma y
2 18 Pa rm unc a
1 9 H ua ma n
1 20 H ua ra
Sup e

t a rie s of h
Cint o a nd T uquene , In e nio , Pa l a , a nd C im a ,
t he C ir a g p h p
b
t ri ut a r ie s o f t he R io G ra nd e h
T ese , w it t he fo r t -fo ur irri a t ed
. h y g
v y k
a ll e s, w o ul d ma e fi ft y n ine Vo n T sc h ud i d o e s no t i e t he na m es
-
. gv .

h g
1 So ur c e s w it in t h e re io n o f re ula r a nn ua l ra ins
g .

2 Ri v er s w it h af
fl ue nt s h
wit in t h e ra in re g io n .

3 So urc es o ut sid e t he re g ula r ra ins.

208 T H E CH IM U D OM INION
i nfi nit e va ri et y o f t heir p o t t ery a nd t he p a t t erns ,

o f t he ir c o t t o n c lo t h s a ll p o i nt t o a r a c e w h i c h
,

h a d r ea c h e d a hi gh st a t e o f c ivi lisa t i o n A .

gr a mm a r c o mp o sed by a d esc enda nt Of o ne o f

,

Piz a rr o s fo llo wers o ver a c ent ur y a ft er t he Sp a ni sh

’

c o nquest ,
h a s pr e serv e d so m e k n o wle dg e o f t h e ir
o t he rwi se lo st la n gua g e but o f t h eir h i st o ry w e
,

kn o w a b so lut ely n o t hing W e o nly lea rn fr o m .

t he Sp a nish hist o ri a ns o f t h e I nc a s t h a t t he
so v er e ign o f t h e c o a st p e o p le c a lle d by t h em t h e ,

Gra nd C himu w a s subdue d by t he Inc a S a bo ut

,
'

fo ur ge ner a t i o ns b e fo r e t he Sp a ni a rd s c a m e a nd ,

t h a t h e p o sse sse d gr ea t ri c hes No t hing mo r e . .

T he re is o nly o ne t r a dit i o n preserved a nd t ha t ,

d o es no t r efer t o t he Chimu but t o his feuda t o ri es ,

in t h e L a m b a y e que va lley .

T he k e rnel o f t h e C hi mu pr o b lem 1s In t he rui ns

b et ween t he Sp a ni sh t o wn o f Truxi llo a nd t he sho r es
o f t he Pa c ifi c Oc ea n H er e t he Chi c a m a a nd
.

Muc hi rivers c o m bi ne t o fo rm a wid e ex t ent o f

c ult iv a b le la nd whi c h is si t ua t e d in t he c ent re
,

Of t he no r t h er n c o a st v a lle ys h a vi ng e ight o n t h e ,

no r t h a nd e ight o n t h e so ut h S id e o f it 1
T he .

vast e xt ent o f t he r uins sho ws t h a t t hi s w a s t he

1
N th
or C t S ut h e n re o

T um b ez G ua fi a p e
h
C ira Sa nt a
Piura Ne p e fi a
Mo t u p e or Le c h e h
C ic a ma , V iru , Ca sm a
b y
La m a e que a nd M uc i h H ua rm a y
Et e n Cul e rab
Sa fi a H ua m a n
Pa ca sma yu Pa rm unc a
 CIT Y OF T H E CH IM U 2 09

c ent er of t he Chimu s p o wer Th e p eo p le wer e

’
.

p erh ap s kno wn t o t hem selv es a s Muc h oen fr o m ,

t h e riv er w hi c h supp li e d w a t er t o t h e ir c a pi t a l ,

o r p o ssib ly No foen t h e ir w o rd for a ma n

, T heir .

la ngua ge w a s M uc h i c a .

Th e gr ea t C hi m u rui ns w e r e fir st d e sc rib ed in ,

an
y d e t a i l by
, D o n M a ri a n o E R iv er o.in hi s

A nt igued a d e s P er ua na s t hen by Squi er a n d

’

, ,

m o r e r ec ent ly by t h e Fr enc h t r a v eller Wi e ner .

Of t he se a c c o unt s t h a t o f Squi er s is t he m o st
’

a c c ura t e a nd int elligent It m us t be un d er st o o d

.

t hat, o wi ng t o t h e e la b o r a t e a nd c o m p li c a t e d
a rr a ng em e nt o f r o o ms p assa ges a nd enc lo sur es
, ,

a nd t o t h e d est r uc t i o n t ha t h a s t a k en p la c e in t h e

sea r c h fo r t r ea sur e a n i nt elligib le d esc rip t i o n e v en

, ,

wi t h p la ns is e xc eedingly di ffi c ult
,
.

We m a y pi c t ur e t o o ur selv e s a v a st fer t i le
pla in a t lea st ni net y miles lo ng fro m so ut h t o no r t h
, ,

wa t ere d by t h e t hr ee riv er s C hi c a m a Ma nsi c h e , ,

a nd Vir u a nd b o und e d o n o ne sid e by t h e And e s

,

a nd o n t he o t he r by t h e P a c ifi c Oc ea n In t he .

c ent r e but b o rd ering o n t h e seash o r e w a s t he

, ,

gr ea t c i t y o f t he Chimu surr o un d e d by highly

,

c ult iv a t e d la n d sust a i ni ng a d ense p o p ula t i o n .

An effe c t iv e syst em o f irriga t i o n w a s esse nt i a l fo r

t he c ult iv a t i o n Of t h i s e xt ensiv e a r ea a nd fo r t h e
e xi st enc e o f t h e p eo p le in t h e c i t y A n a queduc t
t o o k Ofl
.

t h e w a t e r o f t h e Muc hi riv er high up a m o ng

t h e m o un t a in s It w a s c a rri e d a c r o ss t h e v a lle y
.

o n a lo ft y e m b a nkm ent o f st o ne s a nd ea r t h six t y

feet in h ei gh t t h e c hannel b ei ng lined wi t h st o ne s

, .
2 10 T RE A SURE OF T H E CH IM U

On t h e p e o verlo o king t h e ruined c i t y t he

slo

wa t er is di st rib ut ed t hr o ugh smaller c ha nnels o ver

t he p la in a nd in t o t he num er o us r ese rv o ir s in t he
,

c it y . A lo ft y wa ll o f gr ea t t hi c kness e xt end ed
fo r miles a lo ng t h e east ern o r inla nd b o rder s o f t he
c it y a nd wi t h in it w er e e x t ensiv e g a rd ens e a c h
,

wi t h it s irr iga t ing c h a nn el .

Th e r uins o f t hi s un ique c i t y no w c o nsi st o f

la byri nt h s o f wa lls fo r ming gr ea t enc lo sur es eac h ,

c o nt a ini ng m any b uildin g s wi t h her e a nd t h er e ,

giga nt i c mo unds T hese mo un ds o r p yra mids .

a r e t he m o st m a rv ello us fe a t ur es o f t he r ui ns .

The ka a c a o r mo und c a lle d Obi sp o by t he

Sp a ni ard s is b uilt o f st o nes rubb le and a d o b es , , ,

c o v er s a n a r e a o f 5 00 squa r e fee t a nd is 1 50 fee t ,

high An o t her w a s c a lle d T o led o in whi c h ’

.
,

gr ea t t r easur e w a s fo und The e xc a v a t o r Ga rc i a .

,

d e T o le d o in 1 577 d ug o ut go ld t o t h e a m o unt o f
, ,

cast ella nos d e o re

1
o f whi c h were p a id ,

a s t h e r o y a l fi ft h s E x c a v a t i o ns w er e c o nt inued a t
.

l T he ca stella no de ore a nd p eso d e oro w ere t h e sa me ( t he

co mm erc ial va lue b eing £2 12 s
. e qua l t o 4 9 0 sil er m a ra v v e dis,

or 14 rea ls 1 4 m ar v edis a . A lt o g t he e r t reasure wo r t h

is re c o rd e d .

T he mo unt s a re d eriv ed fro m t h e re c o rds o f t h e K ing s ft s,

a
’
fi h
p reserved in t he munic ip a l o o s o f T ruxillo , w ic were d est ro e d
b k h h y
by t he Chilia ns Fo r t una t el Mr la c w o o d h a d p re v io usl ma d e
. y . B k y
e xt ra c t s, a nd h e g a v e c o p ies t o M r H ut c inso n, H M Co nsul . h . .

at Ca lla o See his T w o Yea rs in Peru, ii p 1 54

. A c er t a in . . .

Co lo ne l La R o sa w a s e xc a v a t ing in Squier s t ime , a nd h a d o t a ine d b

’

w o rt h of g o ld .

M Cle me nc in w ro t e a n e ssa o n t he a lue o f m o ne in t he

. y v y
t ime o f F erd ina nd a nd Isa e lla ( M emoria s de A ca d H ist. d e M a dr id ,
b .

v o l v i ) , quo t e d
. Pres c o t t , i by
25 n . p . .
212 CH IM U FA CT ORIE S
we r e mummi es in i
b o ra t ely c lo t he d a nd
n c he s e la

p lumed wi t h g o ld a nd si lv er o rna m ent s o n t he

,

dresses o f fin e c o t t o n c lo t h Th e p a t t erns wo v en
.
,

i nt o t he c lo t h a nd c o lo ur e d are birds st riking t he ,

he a ds o f liz a rd s o r seizi ng fi sh In t he c ent r e t h er e

.

is a st ruc t ur e six t een fe et squa r e a nd t w elv e high ,

wi t h ent r a nc es a t e a c h end lea di ng t o a sp a c e t en

,

fee t by fi v e wi t h a seri es o f p la t fo rm s o n ei t h er sid e

, .

H ere no d o ubt t he funera l rit es were p erfo rme d

, ,
.

Th e t w o m o st r em a rk a b le st ruc t ur es a m o ng t h e
rui ns are c a lle d p a la c es by R iv ero a nd fa c to ri es ,

by Squi e r They a re sur ro un d e d by ext eri o r

.

walls o f a do b es o n fo unda t i o ns o f st o ne a nd c la y ,

fi v e feet t h i c k a nd t hir t y in h eight One fa c t o ry .

is 5 00 y a rd s by 4 00 A n e nt r a nc e le a ds t o a n o p en
.

squa r e wi t h a r e serv o ir in t h e c ent r e fac e d wi t h ,

st o ne six t y feet lo n g by fo rt y
, R o und t he squa re .

t he r e are t w ent y t w o r ec e sses pr o b a b ly sh o p s

-
,

Op ening up o n it a nd a t o ne e nd a t e rr ac e wi t h
,

t hr ee r o o m s le a ding fr o m it T hi s squa re wi t h it s
.
,

r eservo ir a pp ea rs t o h a v e b een t he ma rk et p la c e
,
-
.

T here a re six m i no r c o urt s a nd st r eet s o r p a ssa ges

,

wi t h m a ny r o o ms o p eni ng up o n t hem Of t hese .

r o o ms t here a re no less t ha n 1 11 wit h wa lls t welve ,

feet high a nd high pi t c h e d r o o fs

-
T h e o bj ec t s o f .

t h ese e x t r a o rdi na ry b ui ldi ng s w e r e v e ry p uzz li ng .

T h ey wer e c e rt a i nly no t p a lac es a s R iver o supp o sed ,

.

Squi er s c o nj ec t ur e is no d o ub t t h e c o rr ec t o ne
’
.

T hey were b usy fac t o ries hives o f indust ry H ere

, .

w ere t he wo rk ers in g o ld si lver a nd bro nz e t he

, ,

d esigners t he dye rs t he p o t t ers a nd t he w ea ve rs

, , , .
 COT T ON F A B R ICS 2 13

It must ha v e t a ken m a ny gene r a t i o ns nay c ent uri es, ,

fo r t hese b usy m o d ellers a nd d esigners t o r ea c h

t he hig h st a nda rd di sp la y e d in t heir b e st m et a l
a nd c la y w o rk , a nd in t h eir c o t t o n fa bri c s .

Th e m o st fre quent o rn a m ent s are fi sh liz a rds, ,

serp ent s, a lo ng legg e d bird a bird d e v o ur i ng a fi sh

-
, .

The o rna ment o f t he hea d dr ess o f c hi e fs w as lik e

-

a n i nv e r t e d lea t he r c ut t er s kni fe , a s Squi e r d e

’
-

sc rib es it wi t h p lumes, and di a dems Of go ld a nd

,

si lv e r .The g o ld en c up s a nd v a ses w er e v ery t h i n,

wi t h t he o rna m ent s a nd figur es st ruc k fr o m t he
i nside G o ld o rna m ent s o n t he dr esses w er e a lso
‘

fre quent Mr Spruc e d esc rib es a seri es Of p la t es,

. .

a lm o st lik e a la dy s m uslin c o lla r in siz e a nd sha p e ,

’

c o v e r e d wi t h figur es On o n e o f t he m t h er e w er e
.

ne a r ly a hundr e d figur es o f p eli c a ns E v ery figur e .

r epr esent s t he bird in a differ ent a t t i t ude a nd a s , ,

t he y ha v e b ee n st a mp e d no t engr a v e d a sep a ra t e
, ,

di e m ust h a v e b een use d fo r eac h figur e Si lve r .

va ses a nd c up s were o f va ri o us sha p es so met i me s ,

m o d elle d i nt o t he fo rm o f a m a n s h e a d Si lv e r
’
.

liz a rds fi shes a nd serp ent s w er e sewn o n t he dr esses

, ,

a s o r na m ent a l b o rd e r s .

T he mo st a st o ni shi ng wo rk o f t h e n o r t h e rn
c o ast p eo p le w a s t h eir m o d e lli ng a nd p a i nt i ng in

c la y
. T he pr ev a i li ng c o lo ur s o f t h eir v a se s w er e
whit e b lac k a nd a p a le re d t he d esigns b eing
, , ,

p a int ed in va ri o us c o lo ur s o n a whi t e gr o un d
, , .

A gr ea t numb er are d o ub le so m e qua dr up le a nd , ,

a pr ev a i li ng fe a t ur e is t he d o ub le sp o ut It is .

no t t o o m uc h t o sa y t ha t no t o nly t he fa una a nd
2 14 CH IM U POTT ERY
flo ra o f t he c o ast but a lso t he m a nners a nd c ust o m s
,

o f t h e p eo p le are d epi c t e d o r m o d elle d o n t he ir

,

va ses T here a re met wi t h va ri o us ki nds o f frui t s

.

a nd v eg et a b les sh ells fi sh liz a rd s d ee r m o nk e y s

, , , , , ,

p a rr o t s a nd o t h er birds a nd a sea li o n wi t h a fi sh
,
-

in it s m o ut h In sh o r t t h er e a re c o unt le ss
.
,

v a ri et ies Of fo rms a nd c o m bi na t i o ns ha rdly t w o ,

sp e c i m ens a lik e By fa r t he m o st i nt erest ing a re

.

t he hum an h ea d s Some a re a lmo st m a j est i c a nd

.
,

a re e vid ent ly p Ort ra it s Ot h er s sh o w t h e fa c e dis

- .

t o rt ed in p a in o t h er s smili ng o r si nging s o m e
, ,

wi t h a r a pt exp r essi o n a s in a t r anc e Ther e .

a re a lso figur es p la ying o n m usi c a l i nst r um ent s ,

o t h er s spinning So m e v a se s r epr esent a huma n

.

h a nd o t he rs a fo o t sh o wi ng h o w sa nd a ls w er e
,

w o rn Ar c hi t ec t ur e t he a rt s c ust o ms a nd
.
, , ,

r eligi o us ideas a re d epi c t ed Squi er d esc rib es .

o ne sc ene o f a c h i e f sea t e d in t h e v e r a nd a h Of a

ho use wi t h a h igh pi t c he d r o o f r a i se d o n fo ur
-
,

t e rr ac es . T h e c h i e f ha s a p lum e d h ea d dress a -
,

la nc e in o ne h a nd a nd a dri nking c up in t he o t her -

.

A lo ng pr o c essi o n is a ppr o ac hing wi t h p erso ns ,

si ngi ng a nd p layi ng o n c ymb a ls t amb o uri nes , ,

P a ndea n pip es a nd t rump et s o f c la y Ano t her

-
, .

va se h as a fo o t ra c e p a in t ed r o und it There is
-
.

a no t h e r sh o wi ng a c o mb a t b et ween a serp ent

wa rri o r a nd a c ra b wa rri o r p erha p s a legend o f
-
,

a c o nt est b e t w een la nd a nd sea T h ere is a v ase

v

wi t h wi nge d figur es a nd a no t her v ery r ema rka b le

,

o ne in t h e Bri t i sh M useum
, o f a wi ng e d w a rri o r ,

in t h e a c t o f flyi ng .
2 16 RELIG ION OF T H E CH IM U

e x t ra o rdina ry ma gnific enc e a nd t ha t his subj ec t s , ,

t ho ugh wo rking ha rd liv e d in a b un da nc e a nd ,

c o m fo r t .

T her e is o nly o ne a c c o unt Of t h e r eligi o n o f

t h ese p eo p le wr i t t en by Ant o ni o d e la C a la nc h a
, ,

in his Co ro nic a M o r a liz a d a d el Ord en d e Sa n

Agust in 1 Ca la nc ha w a s pri o r o f t he August ines
.
’

a t Tr uxi llo in 161 9 e igh t y y ea r s a ft er t h e Sp a ni sh

,

c o nque st when t ra dit i o ns st ill li nger e d amo ng t h e

,

p e o p le H e sa ys t ha t t he Chimu wo rshipp e d t he
.

m o o n c a lle d S i a s t h e pri nc ip a l go d b e c a use it

, , ,

r uled t he elem ent s a nd c a use d t he t emp est s T he .

t em p le o f t h e m o o n w a s c a lle d Si A n T hey held .

t h a t t he m o o n w a s m o r e p o w er ful t ha n t h e sun
b ec a use t h e la t t er did no t a pp ea r in t he night ,

while t he mo o n a pp ea r s b o t h by d a y a nd night .

Sa c rifi c e s w er e o ffer e d t o t he m o o n c o nsi st i ng o n , ,

grea t o c c a si o ns Of c hildren wra pp ed in c o lo ur e d

,

c lo t hs wi t h c h i c ha a nd fr u
, it s D ev o t io n w a s a lso .

sh o w n t o so m e o f t h e st a r s The o c e a n c a lle d Ni .
, ,

r ec eive d w o r ship a nd a pp ar ent ly sa c rific es ; a s , ,

well a s t he ea r t h; Vis Pra yers w er e Offer e d up .

t o o ne fo r fi sh a nd t o t h e o t her fo r g o o d h a rv e st s
, ,

wi t h Offeri ngs o f flo ur o f whi t e ma iz e Cer t a i n r o c k s .

w er e a lso Obj ec t s o f v enera t i o n c a lle d A lesp ong , .

T he S i A n o r t emp le o f t h e m o o n w a s t o t h e
, ,

so ut h nea r t h e b a nk s Of t h e riv e r M uc h i
, It is a .

r ec t a ngula r st ruc t ur e 800 fee t by 4 70 c o veri ng , ,

se v e n a c r es wi t h a h eigh t Of 2 00 fee t
, It is b ui lt .

o f la rg e a d o b es It c o nsi st s o f a lev el a r ea 4 00 feet

.

1 Lib II. . cap . xi. p . 37 1 c a p . xxx v p

. . 4 84 . Lib III . . cap. i.
pp . 54 5 , 5 5 2 , 5 5 6.
 E E ERIE S
C M T 2 17

by 350 a nd 100 feet a b o v e t he p la i n b ey o nd

, ,

whi c h ri ses a pyr a mid Of nine st a ges o r t erra c es ,

200 feet squa r e On t h e o t her sid e o f t h e

.

p yra m id whi c h is t he highest p a r t t her e is a

, ,

p la t fo rm 80 feet lo w er a nd a no t her lo w er st ill ,

.

T he mass o f a d o b es is pr o b a b ly so id l 1
H er e .

w er e p er fo rm ed t he gr ea t r eligi o us c erem o ni es .

Th e go rg e o us pr o c essi o ns i ssue d fr o m t h e p a la c e
a nd pr o c e e d e d t o t h e t emp le o f t he m o o n T her e .

wer e t he musi c i a ns wi t h t heir inst rument s t h e ,

m inst r els a nd si nge r s t he w a rri o r s wi t h t h e ir lo ng

,

la nc e s a nd p lum e d hea d dr esse s sho wing di st i nc t iv e-

ra nks t he pri est s a nd c o ur t i ers a nd t h e Chimu

, ,

hi m self in his li t t er wea ri ng t h e j ew elle d di a d em

,

a nd c lo t h e d in r o b es o f fi ne c o t t o n c o v e r e d wi t h

g o ld p la t es a nd b o rder ed wi t h fringes o f brigh t

,

c o lo ur e d fea t h er s .

C a lanc ha t ells us t ha t t he physi c i a ns c a lle d ,

0 guet lup a c effe c t e d t h eir c ur es wi t h h erb s a nd

, ,

wer e muc h v enera t ed but t heir p uni shm ent wh e n , ,

a p a t i ent di e d o wi ng t o t he ir negle c t o r igno r a n c e ,

w a s d ea t h H e giv e s us no d et a i ls r e sp ec t i ng
.

t h eir c em et eri e s a nd m et h o d s o f sep ult ur e a lt h o ugh ,

t h i s is a m o st i mp o r t a nt p o i nt Lik e t h e Inc a s .
,

t h e Chi mus t h o ugh t it a sa c r e d dut y t o pr eserv e

t h e b o di es o f t h e d ec ea se d a s mumm i es a nd t o ,

b ury wi t h t hem t heir m o st va lue d p o ssessi o ns T O .

t his pr ac t i c e w e o w e t h e di sc o v ery o f so ma ny
hun dr e d s o f sp ec i m ens o f t h eir b ea ut i ful w o rk s o f

1 Pa ssa g es a nd c h mb
a ers are su pp o sed to e xist , a nd it is sa id

th t th
a ere is a v ault c o nt a ining t he b dy
o of t h e mi g h t ie st of t he
Ch imu p r inc e s, a nd t h e Pej e gra nd s .
218 CE M ET ER IE S— IRR IG A T ION WORKS

a rt . Quit e r ec ent ly Mr Myr ing ha s disc o v er e d a .

r e a t c emet ery a t t h e fo o t o f t he m o unt a ins a b o v e

g
t he Chic a m a v a lley , and ha s br o ught t o E ngla nd
a m a gnifi c ent c o lle c t i o n o f p o t t ery a nd o f go ld a nd

si lv e r o rna m ent s Th e i sla nds Off t h e c o a st , c a lle d

.

G fi ap e and M ac a bi , w er e lo o k ed up o n a s sa c r e d
u a 1

c em e t e ri e s, a nd h a d b e en so use d fo r mo r e t h a n

a t ho usa nd yea r s B esides p o t t ery and o t her wo rk s

.

o f art numer o us mumm i e s h a v e b e en fo un d a t

,

va ri o us d ep t hs all females and all hea dless It

2
, ,
.

w o uld seem t ha t t hey w ere t he vi c t im s o f sa cr ific es

in r emo t e t imes .

C emet eries ha v e b een fo und in a ll p a r t s o f t he

c o a st T here a re a lso very int erest ing ruins in
.

t he v a lleys t o t he so ut h o f Tr ux i llo a ll o f t he same ,

c ha r a c t er a nd i m p o si ng irriga t i o n w o rk s
, Squier .

d esc rib es a vast reserv 0 1r i n a la t er al v a lley a m o ng

t he hills whenc e w a t er w as supp li e d t o t h e fi eld s
,

Of t he Nep e fi a v a lle y T his r eservo ir w a s t hr ee .

qua rt er s o f a mi le lo ng a nd ha lf a mi le wide wi t h a ,

m a ssiv e st o ne d am a c r o ss t he go rg e eigh t y fe et ,

t hi c k a t t h e b a se b et w een t he r o c ky hi lls,
T he .

r eserv o ir w a s supp lie d by t w o c hannels o ne st a r t i ng ,

°
G uafi a p e , 8 30 S , 7 8 5 8
1
'
.
° '
W .

2 T he ei h gh
t o f t h e ma ss o f g ua no d e o sit o n t ese isla nd s w a s p h
7 30 fe e t in ma n yp
la c es, a nd t h e a nt iquit ies a e ee n fo und a t a hv b
ph
d e t o f 1 0 0 fee t T he a c c um ul a t io n o f ua no is c a lc ul a t ed a t t e n
. g
fe e t in fo ur c e n t ur ies, 1 00 fe e t in 4 00 0 e ars Ar t ic le s fo und a t y .

h
40 fee t m ust , o n t is est ima t e o f t he t ime t a e n fo r t h e d e o sit s, k p
h v b
a e h
e e n t ere fo r 1600 ea rs y
It is no w d o u t e d w e t e r t he
. b h h
de po sit s c a n po ibly b
ss e d ue e nt ire l y t o t he e xcre t a o f bi d
r s. T he
d e po sit s ar e r eg ul ly st
ar fi
ra t i e d . B ut no o t h er e xpl a na t io n has be en

fo rt h c o min g .
 2 20 LA N G UA G E S OF T H E COAST

co mp o se d h is gra mm a r c a lli ng t h e la ngua g e Y U N CA ,

,

whic h is t h e Q uic hua nam e fo r t he p eo p le o f t h e

c o a st , t h e M OCH ICA o f Or é It w as pri nt e d a t .

Li ma in 1644 , a nd is very ra re T h er e is a c o py .

in t he Bri t i sh M useum whi c h b elo ng e d t o T erna ux

C o mp a ns Wi llia m Hum b o ldt h a d a ma nusc rip t
.

c o py m a d e , w hi c h is a t B erli n Th ere is o ne c o py .

in P e ru, b elo ngi ng t o D r Vi lla r, fo r wh i c h h e .

ga ve £25 We are, t her efo r e, d eep ly i nd eb t e d t o

.

D r G o nz a lez d e la R o sa fo r ha vi ng rec ent ly e di t e d

.

a r epri nt D r Middend o r f ha s a lso t r ansl a t e d

. .

a nd e di t e d Ca rr era s gra mma r, a ddi ng sev er a l

’

v o c a b ula ri es a nd w o rds c o llec t e d a t E t en 1 It w a s .

in t hi s li t t le c o ast vi lla ge , wher e t he p eo p le w er e

fa mo us fo r t h e ir m a nufa c t ur e o f st ra w h a t s, t ha t t h e
Mo c hic a la ngua ge li ngere d d o wn t o r ec ent t i mes .

There w as a no t her langua ge in t h e no rt hern

c o a st v a lley s, w hic h C a la nc ha c a lls S ee In 1863 .

Mr Spruc e c o llec t e d t hir t y sev en wo rds o f t hi s

.
-

la ng ua g e , t hen st i ll sp o k en a t C o lan Sec hur a a nd , ,

Ca t a c a o s T hey h a v e no t t he r em o t est r esem

.

b lanc e t o e quiva lent w o rds in t he M o c hi c a , Chib c ha ,

o r At c a m a la ng ua g es
a 2
.

The M o c hi c a lang ua ge is ent ir ely di ffer ent fr o m

Q ui c hua b o t h a s reg a rd s w o rd s a nd gra m ma t i c a l
,

c o nst r uc t i o n It h as t hree d ec lensi o ns d ep endi ng

.

o n t h e t e r mi na t i o n o f t h e n o un in a c o nso na nt ,

1 Da s M a c hih Oder Chimu sp r a che vo n Dr

. E . W M idd endo r/
.

( Le ip z ig ,

2 hb h
C i c a , no w e xt inc t , w as t he la n ua e o f t h e g g ci vili se d p eo p le
o f Co lo m ia b
A t a c a ma , a lso no w e xt inc t , w a s s
. po k en by t ri b es

h p
in t he so ut ern a rt o f t he c o as t o f Pe ru .
 OR IG IN OF T H E CH IMU UNKN OWN 221

two c o ns o na nt s, o r a v o w el
dj ec t ive pr ec e des
. The a

t h e sub st a nt iv e a n d t h e pr o no uns pr ec e d e t h e
,

v erb T h e r o o t s o f t he t enses r em a in un a lt e r ed
.
,

t h e c o nj ug a t ing b e in g effe c t e d by pr o no un s a nd ,

t h e p a ssiv e v o i c e by t h e v erb s sub st a nt iv e o f w hi c h ,

t h er e a re t w o Pr ep o si t i o ns c o m e a ft er t h e n o un
. .

T h e v o c a b ul a ry is fa irly a b und a nt a n d t h er e is a ,

suffic i enc y o f no u n s a nd v erb s fo r t h e e xpr essi o n

o f a b st r a c t id ea s .

We kno w no t hin g o f t he o rigin o f t he Chim u

a nd his p eo p le No t t h e v est ig e o f a t r a di t i o n h a s
.

c o m e d o wn t o us A ll t h e ir d esi gns a nd o rna m ent s

.

r efer t o t heir envir o nm ent T h er e is n o t hing whic h .

p o in t s t o a fo r eign o rigin T h eir c ivi lisa t i o n a pp ea rs

.

t o h a v e b een d ev elo p e d by t h ems elv es wi t h o ut

o ut sid e c o nt ac t in t he c o urse o f m a ny c ent uri es
, .

Yet t h e t emp le o f t h e m o o n o n t h e Muc hi riv er ,

a n d t h e gr e a t pyr a mid s r emin d us o f simil a r M a y a,

w o rks If t h er e w a s c o mm unic a t i o n it w a s by
.

sea ,
a n d a t so m e v ery r em o t e p erio d T her e is .

o n e c o ast t r a di t i o n r efe rring no t t o t h e C hi m u but ,

t o o ne o f his feud a t o ri es t h e c hi ef o f L a mb a ye que, ,

t o t h e no r t h It is r ela t e d by Miguel Ca v ello

.

B alb o a in his w o rk ent i t led Misc ela nea Aust r a l .

’

This c a v a li er a ft er serving a s a so ldier in t h e

,

Fr enc h wa rs b ec a m e a n e c c lesi ast i c a nd w ent t o

, ,

So ut h Am eri c a in 1 566 H e wr o t e his w o rk .

,

a pp a r ent ly a t Q ui t o b et we en 15 7 6 a nd,

1 A Fr enc h B lbo
t r a nsla t io n of a a w as p ub lis h ed b y T erna ux

Co m pan in
s 1 840 T h o igin l Sp
. e r a a nis h m nu c rip t h
a s as ne v er

bee n edi t ed , a nd I b li v it s p
e nt l
e e res e o ca lity is un kn o w n.
22 2 A RRIVA L OF ST R AN G ER S

B a lb o a t ells us t ha t a lo ng t i me a go a gr ea t
, ,

fleet o f b o a t s c a m e fr o m t h e no rt h under t he
c o mm a nd o f a v ery a b le a nd v a li a nt c h i e f na m e d

N a ymla p wi t h his wi fe Cet erni T h e e migr a t i o n

,
.

m a y h a v e b een fr o m t he c o a st c a lle d by t he Sp a n
iard s E sm er a ld as o r fr o m fur t h e r no r t h
,
Na ym la p .

w a s a c c o mp a nie d by e igh t Offi c e r s Of his ho useh o ld :

his p urv ey o r Fo nga sigde ; hi s c o c k Ochoca lo ; his
, ,

t rum p et er a nd S i ng e r Pit az ofi a nd N ingent a e ;

,

his li t t e r b e a r er N inac olla ; his p er fum e r Xa m ;

, ,

his b a t h m a n Ollop c op oc ; a nd Lla p chila l— li his ,

w o rker in fea t h ers T h e c hi ef la nde d a t t h e mo ut h

.

o f a riv e r c a lle d Fa guislla nga wh ere he b uilt a

,

t em p le c a lle d Chet in whic h h e p la c e d a n id o l h e

,

h a d br o ught wi t h him m a d e o f a gr e en st o ne , ,

a nd c a lle d Lla mp a llec whenc e t he na me o f

,

L a m b a ye que Naymlap die d a ft er a lo ng r eign

.
,

a nd w a s suc c ee d e d by his so n Cium m a rri e d t o ,

a la dy na m e d Z o lz d o n i Aft er a lo ng r eign Cium

.

shut h i m self up in a n un d ergr o un d v a ult t o d ie

a n d c o nc e a l h is d e a t h fr o m t h e p eo p le w h o t h o ugh t ,

him i mm o rt a l A list Of eight o t her ki ngs is giv en

.
,

t h e last o f t he dynast y b e i ng T emp ellec T hi s .

unfo r t una t e pri nc e w a nt e d t o t a k e t he id o l o ut Of

Ch e t wh en a n un h ea rd Oi t hing h a pp ened -
It .

b ega n t o ra i n a nd t h e d eluge c o nt i nue d fo r a

,

m o nt h fo llo we d by a y ea r o f st eri li t y a nd fa mine

, .

T h e pri est s k no wi ng Of t h e c o nd uc t o f T emp elle c

,

wi t h r ega rd t o Che t lo o ke d up o n him a s t he c a use

,

o f t h e c a la mi t y So t hey p ut him i nt o t he sea

.
,

wi t h his fee t a nd wr i st s t i e d L a m b a yeque .

2 24 A RRIVA L OF S P AN IA RD S

fo r est s ; r ds a nd o t her pr ec i o us c o mmo dit i es

eme a l

fr o m t h e no r t hern c o a st .

Th e v alle ys t o t he no r t h sub mi t t e d t o t h e Inc a

wi t ho ut a ny c o nt est e x c ep t fr o m t he Penac his
, ,

a sa va ge t rib e livi ng o n t h e fl a nk s o f t he m o unt a i ns .

T h e c hief o f Ja ya nc a w as susp ec t e d o f c o mp li c i t y
wi t h t h em a nd w a s sent a pri so ner t o Cuz c o wher e
, ,

h e linger e d fo r ma ny y e a rs A t leng t h his so n .

Ob t a i ne d his r elea se but h e di e d o n t h e w a y b a c k

, .

Th e b o dy w a s em ba hn ed a nd sent t o J a ya nc a .

The c hi e f o f L a m b a ye que na m e d Esquea Pisa n , ,

w a s summ o ne d t o C uz c o by t h e I nc a Hua sc a r .

H e w ent wi lli ngly b ec a use h e w a s in lo v e wi t h a

,

y o ung la dy o f t he c o a st w h o w a s a m a id o f ho no ur
,

t o t h e wido w o f Hua yn a Cc a p a c H er na m e w a s .

Ckest a n Xecfuin T he y o ung c hi e f Of La m

.

ba ye que so ught fo r his lo v e a nd fo und her T h ey .

w er e uni t ed and o n t heir w a y b a c k sh e ga v e

, ,

birt h t o a so n w h o rec eive d t he na me o f Cuz co

,

Cha mp i .

T h en t h e Sp a ni a rd s und er Piza rr o a pp ea re d
o n t h e sc ene , lea vi ng T um b e z o n t h eir m a r c h

so ut h wa rds o n Ma y 1 6 15 32 Piz a rr o c a me t o
, .

t h e riv er C hir a a t Am o t a p e w h er e h e b ur nt t w o ,

c h i e fs a nd so m e o t h e r I ndi a ns H e fo und e d his .

t o wn o f Sa n Miguel a t T a ng a r a r a o n t he C hira ,

river a ft erwa rd s r emo ve d t o Pi ur a H e w a s a t

, .

Po c h eo s Za ra n in t h e Pi ur a va lle y Co p iz a nd
, ,

M o t up e e vent ua lly rea c hi ng Ci nt o in t he v a lley

,

o f t h e riv er L e c h e Xec fuin Pi sa n t he c hie f o f

.
,

L a m b a y eque wi shed t o submi t t o wha t a pp ea re d

,
 EX T INCT ION OF T H E CH IM U P E OPLE 2 25

i nevi t a b le but t he p eo p le were i nfuri a t ed T hey

,
.

burnt d o wn his ho use a nd he p eri she d in t he ,

fla mes H is so n Cuz c o Chum pi sub mit t e d a nd

.
,

w a s b a p t i se d wi t h t h e na me Of P e dr o We h e a r .

a lso o f his so n Do n M a r t in F a rr o C hu
, m pi Piz a rr o .

r est e d a t La M am a da in t he va lley o f Je quet ep eque ,

a nd m a r c h e d t h enc e u t h e m o unt a i ns t o Ca xa
p
m a r c a whi c h p la c e h e r eac he d o n No v em b er 15
, ,

15 32 . In 15 35 t he c o nquer o r w as a ga i n in t hese
c o ast v a lley s H e fo un d e d t he c i t y o f Trux i llo
.
,

na m e d a ft er his Old h o m e in Sp a i n c lo se t o t h e ,

c i t y o f t h e C him u in 8 6 S a n d B a lb o a t e lls us
° ’
.
,

t ha t Piz a rr o w a s muc h st ruc k by t he gr a nd eur a nd

b ea ut y o f t he e dific es c o nst ruc t e d by t he a nc i ent
ki ngs But he c a m e a s a fell dest r o yer T he
. .

c r uelt y Of t h e Sp a nia rd s e x t i ngui sh e d t h e a nc i ent

Chi mu c i vili sa t i o n b efo re ev en a few y ea rs ha d

p a ssed Ci ez a d e L e o n t ells us o f t he ra pid d ep o p u
.

la t i o n o f t h e va lle ys a nd in his t i me va st t r a c t s
,

were b ec o ming wa st e fo r wa nt o f p eo p le t o c ult iva t e

t he la nd The c ensus Of t he Pi ur a va lley a lo ne
.
,

m a de by o rd er o f D r Lo a ysa t he fir st Ar c hbi sh o p
.
,

Of Li m a sh o w e d a p o p ula t i o n o f
,
In di ans .

In 1785 it w a s a nd t h ese c hi e fly ne gr o e s .

T h e r a c e is no w pr a c t i c a lly e x t i nc t Th e bri llia nt .

c o nc ep t i o ns t h e m a st er ly e x ec ut i o n t h e unt iri ng
, ,

indust ry t h e w ea lt h a nd ma gnific enc e a ll p assed

, ,

a w a y a nd are fo rg o t t en 1
.

I Th hi f f M n i h b p t i d in 1 5 5 0 wit h t h n m f D n
e c e o a s c e, a se e a e o o

A t ni Ch y hu
n o o i id t h v b
a a c, d
s sa d t f t h Chim u
o a e ee n a esc e n an o e .

Hi d
s nd
esc e t w livi g in Lim in t h middl
an s ere n f th ig h t th a e e o e e ee n

Q
 226 CH IM U CIVILISA T ION

Ye t t he st o ry o f t he c o a st c i v i lisa t i o n Of t h e
Chimu is wo r t hy o f b eing r eha bilit a t ed T here .

sho ul d be a t ho r o ugh e x a mina t i o n a nd st udy o f

t h e M o c h i c a la ngua ge a n e xha ust iv e c la ssifi c a t i o n

o f Chim u w o rk s o f ar t in p ub li c m useum s a nd

priva t e c o llec t i o ns a kno wle dge o f a ll t h e a ut ho ri

t i es ; a nd sc i ent ifi c p la ns o f a ll t h e r uins Fr o m .

t h e w o rk s o f a r t a lo ne a fa irly c o mp let e id ea
may be Ob t a ine d o f t h e c o ndi t i o ns o f li fe, t he
ma nner s a nd c ust o ms, e ven t h e legends a nd
religi o us idea s o f t he ext inc t p eo p le T he r esult .

wo uld be t he r eha bili t a t i o n Of a n a nc i ent p eo p le

who se hi st o ry wo uld be quit e a s i nt erest ing a nd in ,

so m e r e sp ec t s e v en m o r e c uri o us, t ha n t h e hist o ri es

o f t he Az t e c s o f M e xi c o , o r t h e C hib c h a s o f B o g o t a .

c e nt ur y . F j
— ei o o
, R ela c io n d e la ciuda d d e T ruxillo ( Ma dr id ,
pp . 25 a nd 85 . B a l bo a , p . 7 3 ( n) .
2 28 P E OPLING OF COA ST VA LLE Y S

i nc ludi ng c o b s o f India n c o rn a nd c o t t o n t wi ne .

The d e p t h a t whic h a nc i ent r elic s h a v e b een

fo un d in t h e d ep o si t s Of gua no o n t h e C hin c h a
I sla nds h a s b een c o nsider ed a s a no t her pr o o f o f
t h e v ery r em o t e p eri o d wh en t h er e w e r e i nha bi t a nt s
in t h ese c o ast v a lley s T her e is h o wev er so m e
.
, ,

r e a so n t o d o ub t t h e c o genc y o f t his a rgument St ill1

.

t h e e vide nc e e sp e c i a lly t h a t giv en by D a rwi n is

, ,

in fa v o ur o f t h e p eo p ling o f t he se v a lleys fr o m
a v ery r em o t e a nt iqui t y .

Wh enc e t hen did t h ese c o a st p e o p le o rigina lly

, ,

c o m e 2 I b eli e v e t h a t t h e m o unt a in s o f t h e m a ri t i m e

c o rdi lle r a wi t h t heir go rg es a nd ra vi nes o p ening

,

o n t h e c o a st v a lley s a n sw er t he que st i o n
, In a .

fo r m er c h a p t er w e h a v e seen t h a t t he m o unt a i n
fa st nesses Of Hua r o c hiri Ya uy o s a nd Luc a na s , ,

o v er lo o k t he c o a st a nd w e r e i nh a bi t e d by ha rdy
,

t rib e s o f m o un t a i neer s sp e a kin g a di a lec t o f

Qui c hua Fr o m r em o t e a nt iqui t y t h ey d esc end ed
.

i nt o t h e c o a st va lleys a nd mult ip li ed e xc ee dingly ,

b eing p eri o di c a lly r ec rui t e d fr o m t he m o unt a ins .

We ha v e no hist o ry b a rely a t ra dit i o n t o , ,

t hr o w a ny ight o n t h e se c o a st p e o p le no t hi ng
l —

but t he c o nfused sid e light t h r o wn by t heir r uins -

a nd t he c o nt ent s o f t h e ir t o m b s T o uc hi ng t he ir .

sup er st i t i o ns a nd r eligi o us b e li e fs w e ha v e a li t t le

m o r e d ue t o t h e fa c t t h a t t w o o r t hree pri e st s
, ,

M S qui
I r. g u t h t t i l m y h v b n bu i d in t h
er a r es a ar c es a a e ee r e e

gu n t
a o a id bl d p t h l t h t t h y m y h v b pl d
c o ns e ra e e s , a so a e a a e een ac e

o n th uf d h v f ll
e s r ac e a n d w t app nt g t d p t h
e a en o n o an a a re rea e

wit h t h di i t g t i
e f th m t i l i
s n e ra on o u f m v le d a er a n c o r se o re o a , an

t hu pp t h v b n d p it d t h
s a ear o a e ee e os e ere .
 H UA CA S ON T H E COA ST 229

co mmi ssi o ne d to ext irp a t e ido la t ry pr ep a r e d ,

i nt er est ing r ep o rt s whic h ha v e fo rt una t ely b een

preserv ed .

T he fo rm er d ensi t y o f t h e p o p ula t i o n is sh o wn
by t he irrig a t i o n w o rks a nd a lso by t he fac t t h a t
,

t he rui ns o f a nc i ent vi lla g es a re fo und o n t h e skir t s

o f t h e m o un t a i ns a nd d e se r t s a n d n o t wit hi n t h e
,

va lleys so a s t o r eserv e e v ery squa re fo o t fo r

,

c ult iva t i o n T h e c hi e fs h o w e ve r fo rm e d t h e ir
.
, ,

st r o ngh o ld s in t he c ent r e o f t h eir d o mini o ns T hese .

c o nsi st e d o f hug e m o unds o r huac a s a s t he r ui ns a re

, ,

no w c a lle d In t he grea t v a lle y o f t he R i ma c

.
,

wh ere ne w st a nd t he c i t y o f Li ma a nd t h e sea
p o rt o f Ca lla o a s w ell a s in t h e o t h er va lleys t her e
, ,

are sev e r a l o f t h ese v ast m o und s b ui lt Of la rg e

a d o b es . T he i nt eri o rs w er e use d a s p lac es o f

sep ult ur e . On t he p la t fo rm r a i se d h igh a b o v e t h e
,

a in w as t h e c hi e f s p a la c e m a d e d e fe nsible w h enc e
’

p l , , ,

t he c ult iv a t e d la nds c o uld be o v e rlo o ke d a nd t h e

a ppr o ac h o f a n e nem y di sc e rne d A t t h e fo o t o f
.

t h ese m o un ds t he r e a re t h e ruins o f b a rr a c k s o c c upi e d

by t he fo llo wers a nd a t t end a nt s o f t he c hief .

T h e p o t t ery a nd o t h er w o rk s o f a rt fo und in t h e
t o m b s a re e x c ee ding ly i nt er est i ng a nd sh o w t h a t ,

c o mm e r c i a l i nt er c o ur se e xi st e d b e t w een t h e M o c h i

c a s a nd t h e m o st so ut he rn c o a st dw e ller s Th e .

Chimu i nfluenc e is a pp a rent The m o st int erest ing .

reli c s a re t ho se bro ught t O o ur kno wle dge by R ei ss

a nd St iibe l in t h e ir b e a ut i fully i llust r a t e d w o rk

rec o rdi ng t he result s o f t heir exc a v a t i o ns a t An c o n ,

t o t he n o r t h o f Li m a B eside s t he mummies a nd
.
2 30 H UA R OCH IRI M YT H S

p o t t ery ,
wa rlike i mp lement s t here were c o t t o n
a nd ,

c lo t h s w o rk e d in va ri o us p a t t erns t he wo rk ,

b a sket s Of la dies wi t h t h eir sewing and spinning

a r t i c les, a nd e v en d o lls a nd o t he r p la y t hi ngs fo r

c hil dr en In t h e m o re so ut h ern v a lleys t h e dis

.

c o v eries Of p o t t ery a nd o t h e r r eli c s in t he p la c es

o f sep ult ur e h a v e b een v e ry num er o us In t h e .

va lley o f Yea I a lso fo un d a st o ne v a se wi t h t w o

serp ent s c a rv e d r o un d it In t he Na sc a v a lley in
.
,

t h e fa r so ut h a num b e r Of sp e c i m ens o f p a i nt e d
,

p o t t ery h a v e r ec ent ly b een di sc o v er ed which are ,

b eli eve d t o be v ery a nc i ent But a ll are i nferio r .

t o t he Chimu w o rk s o f art b o t h in d esign a nd ,

w o rk ma nship .

So m e c uri o us m y t ho lo gi c al fa b les b elo ngi ng a s ,

muc h t o t h e c o a st v a lle ys a s t o t he a dj a c ent

mo unt a i no us pr o vi nc e o f H ua r o c hiri h a v e b een ,

pr eserv e d by D r Fra nc i sc o Avi la t he c ur a o f San

.
,

D a mia n in Hua ro c hiri in 1 608 T hi s pro vinc e Of

, ,
.

H ua r o c hiri wi t h it s lo ft y m o unt a i n r a ng es is
, ,

dra i ne d by t he rivers R i ma c a nd L uri n It a pp ea rs .

t ha t t h e t r a dit i o n o f t he p eo p le w a s t ha t in t h e
Pa ra n p a cka o r mo st r emo t e t i mes t he land Of
-
, ,

Hua r o c hiri w a s ya nca t h a t is t o sa y t ha t it ha d a

,

c li m a t e si mi la r t o t h e c o a st v a lley s T he t ra di t i o n .

se ems t o p o i nt t o a p e ri o d b e fo r e t h e And e s w er e

r a i se d t o t heir present eleva t i o n .

T hese p eo p le w h o sp o k e a di a lec t o f Q ui c hua

, ,

pr eserve d a t ra di t i o n h a nde d d o wn t o t hem fro m

,

t h e m eg a li t hi c a ge o f t h e supr em e go d o f Pirna
, ,

t he U IR A COCH A T o his na me t hey a t t a c h e d t he

’
-
.
232 H UA R OCH IR I M YT H S

st i ll be se en Uira c o c ha c o nt i nue d t he p ursui t

.
-
,

a ski ng sev e r a l a ni m a ls a s h e p a sse d t h em whe t h e r

, ,

t h e g o dd ess w as nea r o r fa r o ff T hese w er e a .

c o nd o r a skunk a li o n a fo x a fa lc o n a nd a p a rr o t
, , , , , .

T h e c o nd o r sa id h e ha d seen t h e g o dd ess p a ss ,

a nd t h a t if U ira c o c h a w ent a li t t le fa st er h e
-

w o uld c a t c h her SO Uir a c o c ha b lesse d t he -

p o w ers o f fl
.

c o nd o r a n d pr o m i se d gr ea t
. i gh t t o
a ll fut ur e c o nd o r s H e t h en m e t t he skunk w h o
.
,

r ep li e d t o his quest i o n t h a t Ca v illa c a w a s far a wa y

a nd t h a t h e c o uld ne v e r o v er t a k e h er SO U ir a .

c o c h a c ur se d t h e sk unk a nd c o n d emn e d it t o
1
,

h a ve a st r o ng sc ent so a s t o be ea si ly c augh t .

T h e li o n s r ep ly w as fa v o ur a b le so t h e king o f
’
2
,

b ea st s r e c eiv e d a blessing H e w a s t o be r esp ec t e d

.

a nd fea r e d in li fe fee di ng o n t h e lla m a s o f si nn er s

, ,

a nd a ft er h is d ea t h hi s ski n wi t h t h e h ea d w a s , ,

t o be h o no ur e d by b ei ng w o r n by m en a t gre a t
fest iv a ls . U ira c o a
c h n e x met a fo x w ho t o ld
t
- 3
,

him t h a t his r unni ng w a s usele ss T he fo x s c ur se

’
.

w a s t h a t h e w o uld be hunt e d d ur i ng li fe a nd t h a t ,

his ski n w o uld be d e spi sed a ft er d e a t h T he .

c h e eri ng a nswe r o f t h e fa lc o n se c ur e d fo r him

f

a gr e a t b le ssi ng H e w a s t o br ea k fa st o n d eli c i o us
.

li t t le bird s a nd a ft er d e a t h fest iv e d a nc er s w er e
,

t o h o no ur his ski n by w ea ri ng it a s a hea d dr ess -

.

L a st ly so me p a rr o t s ga ve him ba d news a nd t he
, ,

c ur se up o n t h em w a s t ha t in fe e di ng t he y sh o uld

nev e r be sa fe fo r t h eir o w n c ri e s w o uld b e t r a y t he m

, .

T hese t a lk s wi t h t h e bird s a nd b ea st s o n t he
1 A nas .
2 Pum a .
1 A to c .
4
H ua ma n .
 T EMPLE OF PA CH A CA MA C 233

re a d must ha v e d ela ye d t he go d a go o d d ea l so ,

t h a t wh en a t last he r ea c he d t he sea sho r e he fo und

t ha t Ca v illa c a a nd h er c hild w er e t urn e d int o
r o c ks in t he o ffing Uira c o c ha wa lk e d a lo ng t h e
.
-

sea sh o r e un t i l h e m e t t w o y o ung d a ught er s o f t h e

fi sh go d Pa c ha c a m ac but t h ey fl
,
ew a w a y fr o m h im in

t he sha p e o f d o v e s . Fo r t hi s r ea so n t h eir m o t h er ,

w ho ha d g o ne t o vi si t Ca v illac a no w t urne d t o ,

a r o c k w a s c a lle d Ur i huac hac o r t he m h e r Of

‘

, p
-
o t
,

d o ve s U ira c o c ha w a s a ngry a nd lo o k e d a b o ut
’
-
.
,

t o see h o w h e c o uld i nj ur e h er In t h o se d a ys
.

t h er e w er e no fishes in t h e sea But Urpi hua c ha c

.
-

r ea re d so me in a p o nd so t he enr a ge d go d emp t i e d
a ll t he fi sh i nt o t h e sea a n d fr o m t h em a ll t h e fi sh es
,

t h a t are no w in t he sea w er e pr o p a ga t e d T his .

t r a di t i o n w a s r o o t e d in t h e hea r t s o f t he p eo p le a nd ,

in Avi la s t i m e t he c o nd o r fa lc o n a nd li o n w er e
’

, ,

lo o k e d up o n a s sac r e d a nd w er e nev er ki lle d

,
.

Avila knew o f a c o nd o r whi c h live d und er t he bridge

a t t he vi lla g e o f Sa n D amia n fo r m a ny y e a r s a ft e r

it w as t o o Old t o fly The di ligent pri est h a s

.

pr eserv ed severa l o t her m yt h o lo gi c a l legend s .

T he t emp le o f Pac hac a m a c w a s d edic a t e d t o

a fi sh o d a nd is a llud e d t o in t h i s leg en d o f
g ,

Ca v illa c a An i mm ense mo un d o f st o nes a nd

.

a d o b es ri ses t o a h eigh t o f 2 00 feet o n t he righ t ,

b a nk o f t he riv er Lurin nea r t he sea sho re It, .

st a nd s o n t h e fr o nt i er li ne wi t h t he fe r t i le v a lle y o f
,

Luri n o n o ne side a nd t he sa ndy d esert o n t h e

o t her. T he t emp le is b ui lt in t hr ee wide t errac es ,

wi t h a p la t fo rm o n t he summ i t The sid e wa lls .

-
234 T EM PLE OF PA CH A CA MA C

a re su pp o rt e d by b ut t r esses but t h e b uildings

,

o n t h e t err a c e s a nd o n t h e p la t fo rm h a v e b een

dest r o yed The go d ga ve o ut o ra c les whic h

.

a t t r ac t e d ma ny p e o p le fr o m gr e a t di st a n c es T he .

I nc a s a re sa id t o ha v e c o nsul t e d it H enc e a .

la rge t o wn Spra ng up t o t h e ea st o f t h e t em ple a nd ,

t h e w o r ship o f t h e c r ea t o r U ir a c o c h a w a s sup er
-

sed e d by t h a t o f t h e fi sh go d P a c h ac a m a c Th e .

si t e o f t h e t em p le w a s v ery gr a n d a nd t h e vi ew w a s

i mp o sing fro m t h e pla t fo rm wi t h t h e bright ,

gr een o f t he Lurin va lley o n o ne sid e t he de sert ,

o n t he o t h er a nd t h e lo ft y m o un t a i ns o f H ua r o
,

c hiri in t h e r ea r Th e vi e w in fr ont o f t h e P a c ifi c
.
,

Oc ean wi t h t h e sun set t ing b eh in d t h e r o c k s w hic h

,

w er e o nc e Ca v illaca and her c hild is v ery gr a nd ,

.

But t h e fi sh go d a nd it s o r a c le lo st t h eir fa m e
a nd imp o r t a nc e a ft er t he c o nquest by t he Inc a s .

It w a s J a nua ry 30 1 5 33 wh en H erna nd o Piz a rr o

, , ,

a nd t h e r ec o rd e r o f h is j o ur ne y Miguel A st e t e , ,

r ea c h ed t h e t emple o f Pa c ha c a m ac Ast et e t ells .

us t ha t a n id o l o f w o o d w a s fo und in a g o o d w ell ,

p a i nt ed bui lding whi c h t he p eo ple lo o ke d up o n a s

t h eir c r e a t o r a nd sust a i ne r Offerings o f go ld
.

w er e p la c ed b efo r e it a nd no o ne w a s a llo we d
,

t o ent er t he t emp le ex c ep t t h e o ffi c i a t i ng p ri est s .

H erna nd o Piza rr o c a used t h e t emp le t o be pulle d

d o wn a nd t h e id o l t o be bro ken a nd b ur nt b efo r e
a ll t h e p eo p le . The I nc a a ft er t he c o nque st o f
,

t h ese c o a st v a lleys ha d b ui lt a t emp le t o t h e sun

,

o n t h e upp er p la t fo r m But gr ea t p a r t o f t h e
.

t o wn w a s in rui ns a nd mo st o f t he o ut er wa ll
,
236 COA ST S U P ERST IT IONS
On fest iva ls t hey a ssemb le d by a ylla s, eac h o ne
wi t h it s mummi es, Offeri ng t o t h em c lo t hes ,

p lumes, j a rs, v a ses, ski ns o f lio ns a nd deer, shells

a nd o t he r t hi ng s
T h e y i nv o k e d t h e o c e a n a s
.

M a ma coc ha esp ec i a lly t h o se w ho c a m e d o w n

,

fr o m t h e m o unt a i ns t h e e a r t h a s M a ma p ac ha a t
,

see d t i m e
-
t o yi eld g o o d ha rv est s t he Puquio s o r
, ,

fo unt a i ns wh en wa t e r w a s sc a rc e Hi lls a nd .

r o c ks w ere w o rshipp e d a nd ha d sp ec i a l na m es ,

wi t h a t ho usa nd fa b les a b o ut t heir h a vi ng o nc e

b een m en w ho were t urne d i nt o st o nes M a ny .

hua c a s ( o r g o ds) w e r e o f st o ne c a rv e d in t h e sha p e

o f m en w o m en a nd a ni ma ls A ll ha d sp ec i a l
, , .

na m es a nd t h er e w as no t a bo y in t he a yllu but
,

k new t hem These whi c h w ere t he gua rdi a ns

.

o f t he vi lla g es w e r e c a lle d M arc a a rac o r M a rc a

p
c bara c .T heir Pena tes o r ho useho ld go ds were
c a lle d Conop a o r H a asi ca ma go o L a rge st o nes
-
.

in fi e ld s c a lle d Ckicbic o r H ua nca a nd o t he r ,

st o nes in t h e irriga t i ng c h a nnels; r ec e iv e d sa c rific e s .

T hen t h ere w ere t he S a ra ma ma s a nd Coca ma mas ,

o r t he mo t h er i e r epr esent a t ive d ei t y o f sa ra

’
. .
,

m
( aiz e) a nd c oca B esides t he sa c rific ing pri e st s
.

t h e r e w er e h o st s o f divi ne rs a nd so o t hsa y er s .

Ar ri a ga a nd his c o llea g ue A v end a fi o b o a st e d

Of ha vi ng dest ro y ed 603 lza a ca s 617 ma lquis ,

( m um m i e s) 34 18 co nOp a s 1 89 hua ncas a nd 4 5

, , ,

ma ma sa ra s .

T he c o a st p eo p le w er e st eep e d in sup er st i t i o us
Ob se rv a nc e s, a s t hi s rep o r t suffi c i ent ly pr o v es ,

but , ne v e r t h eless, t hey w ere la b o ri o us a nd

 COA ST I RRIG A T ION W OR KS 237

i nt elligent ex c ellent c ult iva t o rs go o d a r t i sa ns a nd

, , ,

a b o ve a ll a d m ir a b le c o nt riv e r s o f irrig a t i o n w o rk s
,
.

The finest ex a mp le o f a n effec t ive irriga t i o n

sy st em is t h a t enj o y e d by t h e v a ll ey o f Na sc a ,

whi c h a s ha s a lrea dy b een st a t ed w a s pro b a b ly

, ,

p e o p led by t he mo unt a i neers o f Luc a na s H ere .

w a s a t r ac t o f c o unt r y a t t he fo o t o f t h e m o unt a i ns
whi c h o rigi nally o nly rec eived a prec a ri o us supp ly
o f wa t er fr o m t h e c o a st r a ng e . Pra c t ic ally it w a s
a d e sert . T he L uc a na s c o nv er t e d it i nt o a ga rd en .

Of a ll t he ea r t hly p a r a di se s in whic h P eru a b o und s ,

Na sc a is o ne o f t h e m o st c ha rming T he t w o m a i n
.

c ha nnels are br o ught fr o m t h e m o unt a i ns by

sub t e rr a neo us t unnels t he o rigi ns o f whic h ar e
,

unkno wn .T hey c o nt inue right d o wn t he va lley ,

a nd sm a ll e r c h a nnels br a nc h fr o m t hem a lso ,

sub t e rr a neo us in t h eir upp er c o urses but c o min g t o

t h e sur fa c e lo w e r d o wn Fr o m t hese sec o nd a ry

.

c h a nnels t h e w a t e r is t a k e n o ff in sma lle r c h a nnels

, ,

t o irrig a t e t h e fi eld s a nd ga rdens T h er e w e r e

.

si mi la r w o rk s for t h e gr e a t v alleys o f R im a c ,

Lurin M a la H ua ron ( Ca fi et e) Chi nc h a Pi sc o a nd

, , , , ,

Yea but no ne m o r e c o mp let e a nd sc i ent ific a lly

,

d esigne d t han t ho se o f t he va le o f Na sc a .

T h e i nh a bi t a nt s o f t hese c o a st v a lleys a pp ea r
t o ha v e h a d t h e g eneri c na m e o f Chi nc h as fr o m ,

t h e gr ea t v a lle y o f Chi nc ha o rigi na lly p e o p le d

,

by t he m o unt a ineers o f Ya uy o s T hey w ere t ra ine d

.

t o t h e use Of a rm s a nd h a d fr e quent w a rs wi t h t h e
,

subj ec t s o f t he C hi mu p e rh a p s a lso a m o ng t h e m
,

selv e s . T heir c o nquest by t he Inc as t o o k p lac e

 238 IN CA COA ST F ORT RE SSE S

b e fo re Chimu Garc ilasso d e la Ve ga

t ha t of t he .

t e lls us t h a t t her e w a s d esp era t e r esi st a nc e in t h e

di ffer ent va lleys t he Chi nc ha s fo rmin g a c o nfe derac y
, ,

a nd t ha t t h ey w er e no t subdue d unt i l a ft e r sev er a l

w ell fo ught c a mp a igns The na m e o f t heir princ ip a l

-
.

lea de r w a s Cui s m a nc u t he c hi ef o f t h e R i m a c
-
,

va lley Aft er t hey were a t lengt h subdue d t hey

.
,

j o i ne d t he Inc a s a s a lli es in t he w ar a ga inst t h e

C h i mu .

Th e Inc as e rec t e d t w o i mp o r t a nt p a la c e
fo r t r esses o n t h e c o a st One w a s o n t he fr o nt i er.

b et ween t he Chi nc has a nd Mo c hi c a s c a lle d P a ra ,

m a nc a It w a s a n e x t ensi o n o f a mo r e a nc i ent
.

w o rk b ui lt by t he Chimu a nd is d esc rib ed by , ,

b o t h a nc i ent a nd m o de rn wri t ers a s a n e dific e ,

o f i mp o sing a pp ea ra nc e wi t h p a i nt e d wa lls 1
, .

The o t her I nc a st r o ngh o ld w a s o n a n eminenc e

wi t h prec ipi t o us sides a t t he m o ut h o f t he river ,

no w c a lle d Ca fi e t e It c o nsi st e d o f t w o b lo c k s o f
.

b ui ldings in t he Inc a st yle o f a rc hi t e c t ure o ne ,

wi t h a va st ha ll a nd p a ssa ges o p eni ng up o n o ne

sid e le a di ng t o sm a ll c h a m b er s
, B et ween t he t w o .

b lo c ks o f b uildings t her e w a s a n Op en sp ac e o r p la ce ,

d a rmes o ve rlo o ki ng t he p la in wi t h t he r a pid rive r

’

, ,

washi ng t he b a se o f t he height T he p la c e is no w .

c a lle d H erv a 2
I t w a s d e sig ne d t o o v e ra w e t he
y .

grea t va lleys o f H ua ron ( Ca fi et e) a nd C hi nc ha .

T he c o a st va lleys c o nt i nue d t o fl o uri sh und e r

1 D es c r i edb b y Ci ez a d e Leo n, p . 24 7 . Pro c to r

’
s T rav els, p . 175 .

Squie r .

2 D e sc r ibed b y M ar kh a m , Cuz co a nd Lima .

 CHAPT E R X VI
T H E CA T A CLY SM

TH E o v erwhelming c a t a st r o p he whi c h d est r o y ed

,

t he d eli c a t e a nd c o mp li c a t e d o rg a ni sm o f Perii v ia n
c ivili sa t i o n, h a d b e en pr e c e d e d by a w ar o f suc c es

si o n. T here ha d b een event s o f t his ki nd b efo r e,

t h e la st r ec o rde d o neha vi ng pr ec ed e d t he a c c essi o n
Of Pa c ha c ut i . No ne ha d e v er b een so pr o lo nge d
a nd so seri o us . Yet it is pr o b a b le t ha t it w o uld
no t ha v e h a d a ny di sast r o us effec t o n t he g ener a l

well b eing o f t he e mpire It o nly t emp o ra ri ly

-
.

a ffe c t e d t ha t se c t i o n o f t he c o mmun i t y whi c h w a s

t o ld o ff fo r mi li t a ry d ut i es One is r em i nd e d Of t h e
.

e vid enc e giv en b y Mr T ho r o ld R o g e r s r e sp ec t i ng

.

o ur Wa r o f t he R o ses The c o nfli c t so li t t le

.

a ffe c t e d t h e d a i ly W o rk o f t he p e o p le a nd t he
b usiness t ra nsac t i o ns o f t he c o mmuni t y t ha t , in
a ll t h e hundr e d s o f m a no r a c c o unt s o v e r a ll p a r t s

o f t h e c o unt ry t ha t h e ha d ex a m i ne d d uri ng t h e

p eri o d , t h ere is no t a si ngle a llusi o n t o t he c ivi l w a r.

T he gr ea t I nc a Hua yna Cc a p a c le ft Cuz c o o n his

no r t h er n c a mp a ig n in a b o ut t he y ea r 1 5 13, a nd

w a s o c c upi e d fo r t w elv e y ea r s in c o mp let i ng his

c o nque st s a r o und a nd t o t he no r t h o f Q ui t o . A t t he
240
 H UA YNA CCA PA C 24 1

t i me of dep a rt ur e fr o m Cuz c o he ha d ha d
his
c hildr en by fo u r C c o y a s o f t h e r o y a l fa mily a nd ,

m a ny o t h ers by c o nc ubi ne s T h e first que en w a s .

M a m a Cusirimay t h e m o t h er Of his eld est so n , ,

Ni na n Cuyuc hi The se c o nd a nd fa v o urit e queen

.

w a s M a ma R a hua Oc llo t h e m o t h e r o f I nt i C usi ,

Hua lp a w h o w a s surna m e d Hua sca r fr o m t he

, ,

vi lla ge nea r Cuz c o wh ere h e w a s b o rn The t hird

1
.

w as named T o c t a Cuc a a pri nc ess o f t h e li nea g e o f ,

Pa c h a c ut i a nd t h e m o t h er o f At a hua lp a
,
M a ma .

Runt u w as t h e fo ur t h m o t her o f t he pri nc es ,

Manc o a nd Pa ullu .

On lea ving Cuz c o t h e I nc a t o o k wi t h him t he t w o

Cc o ya s Cusirima y a nd R a hua his eld est so n Nina n , ,

Cuyuc h i a nd his t h ird so n At ahua lp a b o t h ha ving

, , ,

rea c he d ma n s est a t e b esides ma n y o t her r ela t i o ns

2 ’

a nd lea ding c o unc illo r s H e left a r eg enc y a t .

Cuz c o c o nsi st ing o f a n unc le a nd a bro t her in c h a rge ,

o f his so ns H ua sc a r Ti t u A t a uc hi M a nc o a nd , , ,

Pa ul lu .

The grea t no rt hern c a mp a ign o f Hua yna Cc a p a c

w as a dmir a b ly c o n duc t e d a nd so me v ery a b le ,

na t iv es o f t h e Q ui t o pr o vi nc e w e r e t r a i ne d und e r

t hi s gr ea t lea d er a nd b e c a m e dist in gui she d g enera ls

, ,

Hu
1 p t n Muyn
asc a r- a a , Th pp ear t b n t ut h in a, ere a ea rs o e o r

th e t y b ut g ld n b l h i g b n m d t
s or a o a o l b t
e ca e av n ee a e o ce e ra e

hi bi t h
s rTh t y w
. i v t d t
e s or unt f th n m
as Th n en e o a c co or e a e. ere

h d l g b n
a on b l v d wit h p l t f g ld in u f t h
ee a ca e co er e a es o o , se or e

p m a nce o f d a nc es d uring t he gr ea t fest iva ls

erfo r .

y h
2 Of co urse t h e st o r t a t t he mo t er o f A t a ua lp a w a s a na t ive h h
o f Quit o o r a p rinc e ss o f Quit o , c o uld no t be t rue be c a use A t a ua lp a
, , h
w as a gro wn m a n efo re h e e ver left Cuz c o
b If h e h ad ee n o rn a t . b b
Quito h e wo uld o nl a ve yh
een eig t o r t en w en his fa t e r die d
b h h h .

B
242 DE A T H OF H UA YNA CCA PA C

c hi e f am o ng t h em b eing Q uizquiz Cha lc uc him a , a nd ,

Rumi—fi a ui But t he pr o w ess o f At a hua lp a w a s

.

no t suc h a s t o sa t i sfy his fa t h er M ea nwh i le .

Hua sc a r w a s living in luxur y a t Cuz c o F eli c i t a .

t i o ns a nd pr esent s w er e sent t o h im fro m t h e p ro

vi nc es, a nd a m o ng t hem a n ex c eedingly b ea ut i ful
m a id en a rriv e d fr o m Yc a , o n t h e c o a st na m e d
m
,

Chum lla ya , a c c o m p a nie d by h er p a r ent s .

Hua sc a r fell d esp era t ely in lo ve wi t h t he c o a st

m a id en Sh e r ec eive d t h e sur nam e o f
. Curi
Co yllur , o r t h e g o ld en st a r , a nd t h e y o un g In c a h a d
’ ‘

a d a ugh t er by h er w h o r e c e iv e d t h e sa m e na m e .

But t h e j ea lo usy o f t h e o t h er w o m en led t o t he d e a t h

o f Chum p illa ya by p o i so n a nd her c h i ld w a s ,

p lac ed under t he c a r e Of t he princ ess Ca hua Ti c lla 1

,

o ne o f H ua sc a r s si st er s T h e r o m ant i c lo v e st o ry
’
2
.

o f C uri Co y llur r uns lik e a si lv er t hr ea d t h r o ugh t h e

r ec o rd o f t he w ar o f suc c essi o n .

Hua yna Cc a p a c t he last Of t he i mp eri a l I nc a s , ,

di ed a t Q uit o in 1525 a ft er a r eign o f fr o m t hir t y t o ,

fo r t y y ea rs t h e la st t w elv e h a vi ng b een c o m p let ely

,

o c c upi e d by his c a m p a igns t o t h e no r t h o f Q ui t o .

T h e b o dy w a s c o nv eye d t o T umi—p a m p a , wher e it

w a s e mb a lm e d H e h a d d ec la r e d his eld est so n ,
.

Nina n Cuy uc hi , t o be his h eir but a s h e w a s in ba d ,

h ea lt h H ua sc a r w a s no m i na t e d in t he e v e nt o f his
,

e ld er br o t h er s d ea t h Ni na n C uyuc hi di e d v ery
’
.

l Ca hua , g y ; ti lla
re c , a fl o w e r.

2 T h e lo v to y f
e s r o Curi Co y llur w a s t o ld t o al o a B bDo n by
Ma te o Yup a nqui Inc a , b v
a m e m e r o f t h e Per u ia n ro a l fa m il y y
re s id ing at Q uit o ,
p . 2 31 .
244 LOVE OF QUILA CU AND CUR I COYLLUR

h er so n fo r t hese a ct s of i nj ust i c e
ruelt y a nd c .

It w a s lo ng b efo r e sh e w o uld c o nsent t o t he m a rri a g e

o f h er d a ugh t er C huqu i Urp a y wi t h H ua sc a r ,

whic h t o o k plac e a ft er t h e o b se qui es o f t h e grea t

I nc a H ua yna Cc a p a c The wido we d que en t o o k
.

up h er a b o de a t t h e vi lla g e o f Siquilla p a mp a a few ,

mi les fr o m C uz c o .

At a hua lp a r eso lved t o send a n emb a ssy t o his

bro t her wi t h v a lua b le present s br o ught by envo ys
, ,

w h o w ere i nst ruc t e d t o Offe r his sub missi o n a nd

h o m age Fo r t his d eli c at e mi ssio n he selec t e d a
.

h a nd so m e a nd v a lia nt y o ut h n a m e d Quilac u Yup a n

ui so n o f t h e m ur d e r e d Auqui T up ac Yup a nqui
q , .

H e w a s ac c o mp ani e d by fo ur Old er c h i efs .

On his a rriv a l a t Surit i t h e env o y r ec e iv e d

a w elc o ming m e ssa ge fr o m t h e que en d o w a g er -
,

w h o w as fo n d o f y o ung Quilac u H e ha d b een

.

bro ught up in h er p a lac e a t Cuz c o a nd w a s a ,

fo st er br o t h er t o h er d a ugh t e r C huqui Urp a y

-
.

M a ma R a hua i nvi t e d him t o c o me t o Siquilla p amp a ,

a nd t o r esid e t h e r e unt i l h e r ec e iv e d o rd ers as t o h is

r ec ep t i o n fr o m t he Inc a The Old que en sent o ut a

.

num b e r o f b e a ut i ful girls t o meet h er fri en d Quilac u ,

a nd a m o ng t h e m w a s H ua sc a r s d a ugh t e r Curi
’

Co yll ur t h e go lden st a r t h e fa irest o f t h e fa ir

, ,

m a id ens o f C uz c o D uri ng his sh o rt residenc e

.

at Siquilla p a m p a Qui la c u c o nce ive d a n a rd ent

,

a ffec t i o n fo r t h e b e a ut i ful gir l a nd h e ha d t he

,

h a ppi ness t o fi n d t h a t his lo v e w as r et ur ne d .

T her e w a s a bri ef but d elight ful t i me under t he

sha d e o f t he mo lle t re e s o n la w ns c a rp e t ed wi t h t h e
,
 Q UILA CU A N D CUR I COY LLU R 2 45

ca ntut a nd a ma nc a y, w h er e t he no i se
b ubb li ng of

fo unt a i ns mi ngle d wi t h t h e so ngs o f m a ny bird s .

L o ft y mo unt a i ns surro und e d t h e li t t le va lley a nd ,

h e r e a ll but lo v e w a s fo rgo t t en .

A ll t o o so o n t he sp ell w a s br o k e n A n o rd e r .

c a me fo r Quila c u a nd his em b a ssy t o pr o c e e d a t

o nc e t o C a lc a in t he v a le Of Vilc a m a yu w he r e t h e
, ,

Inc a w a s t hen r esiding The y o ung envo y p la c e d

.

t he pr e sent s a t t h e fe et o f H ua sc a r a nd a ssure d ,

him o f his br o t her s lo y a lt y Th e Inc a lo o k e d

’
.

a t him wi t h di sd a i n sp urne d t h e pr esent s a nd

'

, ,

a c c use d him o f b e i ng a s H is fo ur C o llea g ue s

py .

were p ut t o d ea t h a nd he w a s sent t o Cuz c o t o

,

a w a i t fur t he r o rd e r s A n Old serv a nt w a s sent t o

.

r ep o rt his t rea t ment a nd t he murd er Of his fri ends t o

.

Ma ma R a hua Oc llo whi le he r em a i ne d in susp ense .

A t lengt h Quilac u r ec e iv e d h is di smissa l H e w as .

o rd er e d t o r e t urn t o At a hua lp a a nd t o w a rn hi m

t ha t he w o uld so o n ha v e t o r ende r a n a c c o unt o f his

c o nd uc t t o h is so v er e ign .

A se c r e t m essa g e r ea c he d Siquilla p a mp a t ha t
Quila c u w o uld if p o ssib le t ur n o ff t h e r o a d a nd
, ,

c la i m C uri Co y llur fr o m h er a unt a nd g ua rdi a n ,

t he princ ess C a hua Ti c lla The b ea ut i ful girl

.

lo o k e d o ut a nxi o usly fo r her lo v e r Wh en she sa w.

a la b o ur e r in t h e far di st a nc e wi t h a p lo ugh t a c lla

( )
o n his sho uld er she t h o ught it w a s him
, A t la st .

a t r o o p o f w a y fa r e r s w a s seen w ending t h eir w a

, y
a lo ng t h e C h i nc h a y suyu r o a d
-
St a ndi ng und er t he
.

mo lle t rees by t he sid e o f t he wa vi ng c o rn sh e sa w

, ,

t he t r a v ellers di sa pp ea ri ng o v e r t he c r est o f t he
2 46 W A R OF H UA SCA R A ND A T A H U A LPA
di st a nt hi lls, a nd gave
d esp a ir Suddenly w ay t o .

Quilac u r ush e d o ut o f t h e m a iz e fi eld a nd in a 1 -

,

m o m ent t h e lo v er s w er e lo c k e d in e a c h o t h er s a rm s
’
.

T hey wer e j o i ne d by C a hua Ti c lla t o wh o m Quilac u ,

rela t ed a ll t h a t ha d t a k en p lac e a t C a lc a a nd Cuzc o .

H e a sk e d t h e princ ess fo r t h e h a n d o f h er ni e c e ,

but sh e r ep lie d t h a t t h e y m ust w a i t fo r m o r e

p ea c eful t i mes Sh e h o wev er pro mise d t ha t Curi
.
, ,

Co yllur w h o w a s o nly six t e en sh o uld w a i t fo r him

, ,

fo r t hr ee y ea r s Wit h t hi s h e w a s o b lige d t o be
.

c o nt ent e d a n d set t i ng o ut o n his w a t o Q u i t o h e

, y ,

r ep o rt e d t h e result s o f his mi ssi o n t o At a hua lp a .

Quila c u w a s qui c kly fo llo w e d by a la rg e a rmy

c o mm a nd e d by a g en er a l na m e d A t o c a nd t h e ,

fo r c es o f t h e t w o br o t h e r s e nc o unt er e d e a c h o t her
a t Am b a t o nea r Q uit o H uasc a r s fo rc es w er e ’
.
,

ent ir ely d e fea t e d t he g ener a l b ei ng c ap t ure d a nd

,

p u t t o d e a t h H u a sc
. a r t h e n se nt a no t h e r a rm y

t o T umip a m p a und e r t h e c o m m a nd o f H ua nc a
,

Auqui o ne o f t h e Inc a s num er o us h a lf br o t hers

,
’
-
.

T hi s unfo r t una t e genera l seem s t o ha v e d o ne his

b est but h e w a s d efea t e d a t T u mip a mp a t h en
, ,

nea r Ca xa m arc a t he n a t B o m b o n a nd w a s fi na lly

, ,

driv en b ac k i nt o t he v a lley o f J a uj a H er e he .

r ec eiv e d la rg e r e i nfo rc em ent s und er a no t her lea de r ,

n a m e d M a y t a Yu a n ui w h o upbr a id e d t he unluc ky
p q ,

H ua nc a Auqui fo r h is d efea t s M ea nw hi le t he .

I nc a H ua sc a r c elebra t ed a n expi a t o ry fa st c a lled

It a .

1 T h e m a iz e of Cuz c o g ro w s to a g rea t e r h ig h t t h
e an t he t a lles t
ma n, a nd Q uila c u wo uld hv b
a e e en ent ire l y c o ncea led b y it .
2 48 H UA SCA R T AK ES TH E F IE LD

a m o ng t he disfigur e d c o rp ses Th e w o und e d c h i e f

.

c ri e d o ut a nd suc c e e d e d in a t t r ac t i ng t h e b o y s
’

a t t ent i o n . H e c a m e a t o nc e , st a nc h e d t h e w o und s,
a nd h elp e d Qu ila c u t o r e a c h t h e b a nk s o f a lit t le
st r ea m . H ere he c o lle c t ed brush w o o d , light e d a
fir e , a nd ga v e furt h e r a id t o t h e w o unde d m a n .

Quilac u b eg a n t o quest i o n t h e la d a s t o his m o t iv e

fo r h elpi ng a n en em y H is a nsw er w a s : Br o t h er !
.

I a m a na t iv e o f t h i s c o unt ry My na m e is Ti t u .

a sk m e no m o r e Ne x t d a y Ti t u le d Quila c u t o
’
.

a n a b a nd o ne d hut , w h e r e fo r m a ny w eek s h e w a s

unc o nsc i o us wi t h a r a gi ng fev er, t end e rly nur se d

by t he help ful la d .

Th e P eruvi a n fugi t ives r a lli e d a t t he p a ss o f

A nc o ya c u whi c h M a yt a Yup a nqui pr o p o se d t o
,

fo rt i fy a nd d e fend , but H ua nc a Auqui h a d lo st

h ea r t , a nd t h e y fell b a c k o n Vi lc a s hua m a n Th e -
.

Inc a Hua sc a r w a s ne w t h o r o ughly a la rme d H e .

c o nsult e d t h e hua c as a nd o r a c le s a nd w a s t o ld ,

t h a t if h e p ut hi m self a t t he hea d o f his a rm y ,

lea di ng it in p erso n , h e w o uld be vi c t o ri o us .

R i r
e n fo c e m e n t s w re rri e d up fro m C
e h u o lla —suy u,

a nd e v en fr o m C h i le a nd H uasc a r fo un d hi m se lf
,

at t h e h e a d o f a la rg e a rm y, o n t he p la i n o f
Surit i .

H ua nc a Auqui w h o ha d fa llen b a c k fro m

,

Vi lc as huama n, w a s st a t i o ne d t o de fend t h e bridge

-

o f t h e Ap uri m a c .T h e Chilia ns w er e enc a m p e d o n

t he h eight s c o mm a ndi ng t he v a lle y o f C o t a b a m b a s ,

wi t h t h e C o llas a nd t he Ch a r c as c o nt i ng ent T he .

r est o f t he a rmy w a s in t he Co t a b a mb as va lley .

 H UA SCA R T AK EN P R ISONER 24 9

Q uizquiz ga ve up l ho p e o f c ro ssi ng t he pr o fo und

al

go rge o f t he Apuri ma c in t he fa c e o f a n enemy .

H e d et a c he d Cha lc uc him a t o a ppr o a c h C uz c o by

w a y o f Chumpivi lc a s H e t h en a t t ac k e d t h e m a i n
.

divi si o n Of H ua sc a r s a rm y , a nd w a s r ep ulse d wi t h
’

he avy lo ss .

Wha t fo llo w e d is a li t t le
b sc ure It w o uld
O .

seem t ha t t he I nc a c o n duc t e d a r e c o nn a i ssa nc e in

fo rc e up a r a vi ne o p eni ng o n t o t he C o t a b a m b a s
v a lley It w a s in rea lit v a c a r e fully a rra nge d
.

a m b usc a d e . T he I nc a w a s sudd enly surr o un d e d ,

dra gge d o ut o f his lit t er a nd t a k en pri so ner When

,
.

t hi s b e c a m e kno wn a ll r e si st a nc e c e a se d a nd t h e
, ,

Inc a ri a l a rmy w as di sso lve d A t a hua lp a s g ene ra ls

.
’

m a r c he d in t ri um p h t o t he c a pi t a l e nc a mpi ng ,

o ut sid e a t a p la c e c a lle d Quisi a T h e c hi efs o f

p y .

Cuz c o a nd t h e I nc a s m o t her R a hua Oc llo sub

’

, ,

mit t e d a nd a c kno wle dg e d At ah ua lp a a s t h e ir

so v e r eign. Th e Old quee n e v en upbra id e d her so n
fo r his i nj ust i c e a nd c r ue lt i es a nd t o ld him t ha t
,

his o w n wi c k e dness w a s t h e c a use o f his m i sfo rt une s .

T h e unh a ppy pri nc e c e rt a i nly p a id d ea rly fo r his

S i ns
. A ll t h o se w h o w er e n ea r a nd d ea r t o him
w ere m a ssa c r e d b e fo re his eyes T hen a n o rde r .

c a m e fr o m At a hua lp a t h a t his br o t h e r H uasc a r ,

wi t h his mo t her a nd pri nc ip a l c o unc i llo rs we r e t o ,

be br o ught t o him a t Ca xa m a rc a .

But t h e t errib le dr a m a w a s dr a wing t o it s

a st o un di ng c lo se . News c a m e t o Cuz c o o f t h e
a rriv a l o f t h e m ight y st r a ng e r s t h en t h a t At a hua lp a
,

hi mself w as a pri so ner in t h eir ha nd s nex t t ha t a ,

25 0 H U A SCA R PUT T O DE A T H
ra nso m in go ld w a s t o be p a id fo r his r elease .

At a hua lp a ha d b een a c c ep t ed a s Inc a a ft er t h e

vi c t o ri es o f his genera ls The m ec ha ni sm o f t he
.

e mpir e w ent o n w o rki ng a s if no t h i ng ha d h a pp e ned ,

a nd wh en t h e o rd ers c a m e fo r t h e g o ld t o be sent

t o Ca xa m ar c a t h e r o a d s w er e pr o m p t ly t r a v erse d
,

by t he b ea r ers o f go l d in a ll Sha p es a nd fo rm s .

The a r m y o f Q uizquiz a nd Cha lc uc him a e v a c ua t e d

Cuz c o a nd pr o c ee d ed t o wa rds Ca xa m arc a in so me
,

c o nfusi o n r e a dy t o o b e y a n d h e lp t h e ir c a p t ur e d
,

so v e r e ign Th e a t r o c i t i e s sa id t o h a v e been c o m r

mit t e d by t h e se c o n quer o r s w h i le a t Cuz c o w er e

na t ur a lly e x a gg er a t e d t h e a c c o unt s h avi ng b e en r e
,

c eiv e d by t h e Sp a ni sh wri t e r s fr o m t h e c o n quer e d sid e .

T he i mm e di a t e r ela t i o ns a nd fri end s o f H ua sc a r

w er e sla ught er e d a nd fo r so m e r ea so n whi c h is
, ,

no t q uit e c le a r t h e ma lga i o f t h e gr e a t I nc a T up a c
,

Yup a nqui w a s d ese c ra t ed a nd it s gua rdi a ns w er e

p ut t o d e ath B
. u t t h e r e w a s n o g e n e r a l m a ssa c r e

o f t h e I n c a s a nd a s so o n a s Cuz c o w a s e va c ua t e d
,

by A t a hua lp a s gener a ls t he Orej o nes r esum ed

’

t h eir Offi c e s a nd dut i es a c c e p t i ng t h e y o ung pri nc e

,

M a nc o a s t h eir I nc a w hen t he news o f A t a hua lp a s ’

d ea t h a rriv e d .

The unha ppy H ua sc a r wi t h his m o t her a nd ,

wives a nd c hief Offic er s w er e b ei ng t a k en a s ,

pri so ner s t o Ca xa ma rc a Piz a rr o hea rd o f t he w ar

.

wa ge d a ga i nst ea c h o t h er by t h e t w o br o t hers a nd ,

h e t o ld At a hua lp a t h a t h e w o uld j udge b et ween

t hem . T hi s t hr ea t i nduc ed At a hua lp a t o send a n
o rd er fo r t he pri so ner s t o be ut t o d t h I t
p e a .
25 2 M A RR IA G E OF T H E LOVER S

T hr o ugh a ll t hese might y event s t h e bo y Ti t u

c o nt i nue d t o nur se t h e w o un d e d c h i ef in t h e lo n ely

hut . T hey liv e d o n r o o t s a nd t he m i lk o f lla m as .

When a ft er many mo nt hs Quila c u b ec a m e c o n

, ,

v a le sc ent Ti t u b ega n t o m a k e e xc ur si o ns wi t h
,

t he o bj ec t o f Ob t a i ni ng ne ws Ti t u t hen r ev ea le d
.

he rself t o h er lo v er a s Curi Co yllur w ho ha d t a k en ,

up o n h er self t he di sgui se w hi c h e na b le d h er t o e sc a p e
fr o m a h a t e d m a rri a ge t o seek fo r h er b elo ve d t o
, ,

sa v e h is li fe a nd t o nur se him t hr o ugh a lo ng illn ess

,
.

She t o ld him t ha t e v ery t hing w a s c h a nged f t ha t

b o t h Huasc a r a nd At a hua lp a wer e dea d a nd t h eir
a r mies di sp er se d a nd t ha t st r a ng e m en ha d a rriv e d
,

fr o m t he o c ea n wh o se p o wer w a s irr esi st ib le

, She .

went t o J a uj a wher e she fo r t una t ely m et H erna nd o

,

d e So t o o ne o f t h e b est o f t h e Sp a ni a rd s w ho ha d
, ,

pr o t est e d a ga i nst t he murde r o f At a hualp a H e .

hea rd her v ery t o uc hing st o ry t hr o ugh a n i nt er

pr et er a nd b efr i end e d her H e ga v e c lo t hes t o
, .

t he lo v er s a nd t he y w er e b a p t i se d wi t h t h e na m es o f
,

H erna nd o a nd L eo no r a nd ha ppi ly m arri ed But

,
.

Quila c u did no t lo ng surviv e Aft er his d ea t h .

C uri Co yllur b ec a m e t he m i st r ess o f her b enefa c t o r .

H er d a ught er L e o no r d e So t o w a s m a rri e d a t C uz c o
, ,

t o a n o t a ry na m ed C a rri llo a nd ha d se v e r a l c hi ldr en

,
.

Th e e mpire o f t he I nc a s did n o t fa ll wi t h o ut
m o r e t ha n o n e ga lla nt e ffo r t t o sa v e it Ti t u .

A t a uc h i o ne o f t h e so ns o f t h e grea t I nc a H ua yn a
,

Cc a p a c w a s a y o ut h o f a bi li t y a nd r eso ur c e
, He .

w a s r eso lv e d t o r esi st t h e m urd er er s o f his br o t he r ,

a nd c o llec t e d a c o nsid er a b le fo r c e wi t h t he Obj ec t o f

 T IT U A T A UCH I A ND CH A V S E 253

i mp eding t he a dva nc e o f t he Sp a nia rds t o wa rds

Cuz c o Wi t h 8000 m en h e a t t ac k e d t heir r ea r
.

gua rd t hr ew it int o c o nfusi o n a t a p lac e c a lle d

,

T o c t o in t h e pr o vinc e o f H ua ylla s a nd c a p t ur ed
, ,

e ig ht pri so ners H e t o o k t hem t o Caxa marc a

.
,

whi c h ha d b een a b a nd o ne d by t he Sp a nia rd s .

Am o ng t h ese pri so ners w as Fra nc i sc o d e C ha v es o f

X eres o ne o f t he m o st h o no ur a b le a nd enligh t ene d
,

o f t h e c o n que r o r s a nd o ne o f t h e t w elv e w h o
,

pro t est ed a ga inst t he murd er o f At ahua lp a Amo ng .

t h e o t her s w er e Sa nc h o d e C uella r H erna nd o d e ,

H are a nd Al o nso d e Ala rc o n

,
Cuella r h a d b een .

c lerk t o t he c o ur t a t t he m o c k t ri a l o f At a h ua lp a .

H e w a s t ri e d a nd p ub li c ly e x ec ut e d a t t he sa me
p o le a ga i nst whic h t he Inc a w a s st ra ngled Ala r c o n .
,

who se leg w a s br o ken w as c a r efully t ende d ,

.

Cha ves a nd H are w h o h a d pr o t est e d a ga inst t h e

,

I nc a s exec ut i o n wer e t rea t e d wit h t he gr ea t est

’

kindness T he p rinc e Tit u A t auc hi ma d e a t r ea t y

.

wit h Cha v es t o be ra t ifi e d by Piz arr o :

I The Sp ania rd s a nd na t ives t o be fri ends
. .

2 Princ e M anc o t o be a c kno wle dge d a s In c a

. .

3 A ll t he la w s o f t h e I nc as in fa v o ur o f t he
.
,

p e o p le a nd no t o pp o sed t o Chri st i a ni t y t o
, ,

be m a int a ine d .

Cha v es a nd his c o mra des wer e t hen set fr ee wi t h ,

ma ny go o d wi sh es a nd pr o c eed e d t o Cuz c o ,
1
,

1 F ni ra d Ch v
c scoth f i d
e f P in a T it u A t u hi w
es, e r en o r ce a c , as

a c lo se o b v
ser er a nd a diligent inquir er H e wr o t e a . co pious
v
narra t i e , w hi h
c he p
left in o sse ssio n o f his friend a nd r e, ela t iv

Do n Luis a lera , V w ho g a e it t ov ie o d e Oli a D g

C a es was mur v . hv
d ered a t Lima in p
154 1, in a t t em t ing to d efend t h e st airc ase aga inst
254 M AN CO INCA SU CCEED S

Unfo r t una t ely t h e ight ene d princ e Ti t u A t auc hi

e nl

di e d Sh o rt ly a ft erwa rds .

T he I nc a s a nd Or ej o nes o f C uz c o a ssem b le d
a ft e r t h e d ep a r t ur e o f t h e ir c o n quer o r s t h e sa v a g e ,

genera ls o f At a hua lp a T he y wer e in c o nsid era b le

.

num b ers fo r w e kn o w fr o m Sa r m i ent o t h a t t h er e

,

w ere num er o us r epresent a t iv es o f a ll t he pri nc ip a l

a lla s a t a nd r o un d C uz c o fo r t y y ea r s a ft e rw a rd s
y .

T h e righ t ful h e ir Princ e M a nc o w a s a y o un g la d

, ,
.

H is c o unc i llo rs c a m e t o t h e c o nc lusi o n t h a t t h e

“
p o w er o f t he Sp a nia rds w a s irresi st ib le but t ha t ,

fa ir t r ea t m ent m ight be sec ur e d by sub mi ssi o n .

M a nc o t h er efo r e w a s t a k en o ut in t h e r o y a l li t t er
, , ,

wi t h a la rge a t t end a nc e t o meet Piz a rr o a t t he ,

bridge o f t he Ap uri m a c .

T h e Inc a w a s r e c e iv e d v e ry c o rdi a lly by t he

Sp a nish lea d er s The y esc o rt e d him t o Cuz c o
.
,

a nd t h e c e r e m o ni e s Of h is a c c essi o n w e r e a llo w e d t o

be p erfo rm e d wi t h a ll t h e usua l sp lend o ur Piz a rr o .

ma y h a ve b e en i nfluenc e d by Fr a nc i sc o d e C ha v e s
a nd o t h e r s o f t h a t st a m p in t hi s wi se a c c ep t a nc e o f

t h e I nc a s righ t ful p o si t i o n but it le d t o no use ful

’

result Piz a rr o w a s a m a n o f grea t na t ura l a bili t y

.
,

a nd v e ry fa r fr o m h a vi ng b e en t h e w o rst a m o ng t he

c o nque r o r s o nly se eki ng fo r t h e gr a t ifi c a t i o n o f

,

his a v a ri c e .H e w a s a st a t esm a n Of e nla rg e d vi ews ,

but li mi t e d by his igno ra nc e a nd wa nt o f e d uc a t i o n .

H e did no t in t h e le ast r ea li se t h e va lue a nd a d a p t

a bi li t y o i t h e i nt ri c a t e a d mi ni st r a t iv e m e c h a ni sm h e

the a ssa ss in f Pi
s O Z t y t h t w h h di d h w
z a rro . a ra e sa s a en e e e as

t he mo s t im po r t a nt p e rso na g e in Pe ru ne xt t o Piz a rro .

256 P RINCE PA ULLU A T CUZ CO

r ec o rde d o f t he o ld C a nt a bri an c hi efs w ho di ed

r a t her t han yi eld t o t he R o m a ns Yo ung M a nc o .

ra i sed t he si ege o f Cuz c o o n t h e a ppr o a c h o f Alma gr o .

Ma rc hi ng d o wn t he lo v ely v a le o f Vilc a m ayu h e

m a d e a la st st a n d in t h e fa m o us st r o ngh o ld Of
Olla nt a y t amp u H er e he r ep ulse d t h e a t t a c k
-
.

Of H e rna n d o Piz a rr o t h e la st P e ruvi a n vi c t o ry .

F o rc e d t o eva c ua t e Olla nt a y t a m puby Alm a gr o s -

’

lieut en a nt Orgo iiez M a nc o r e t r ea t e d i nt o t h e li t t le

, ,

kno wn m o un t a in o us dist ri c t o f Vilc a p a mp a wh ere ,

t he Inc a so v er e ignt y w as up h eld fo r t hir t y y ea rs -

lo nger Ma nc o s br o t h er Pa ullu t hrew in his lo t

’
.

wi t h t he Sp a ni a rds Princ e Pa ullu w ent wi t h .

Alma gr o t o Chile a nd a ft erwa rds j o i ning Va c a

, ,

d e C a st r o h e w a s c h ri st ene d a s Do n Cri st o v a l
, ,

a nd w a s gr a nt e d t h e p a lac e o v er lo o ki ng C uz c o ,

a t t h e fo o t o f t h e fo r t r ess c a lle d t he Co lc a m a t a
, p .

It h a d b een b uilt by a nd w a s t he a b o d e o f t he grea t

, ,

Inc a Pa c ha c ut i A t t h e w est ern end o f it s fa ca de

.

t h e li t t le c hur c h o f Sa n Cri st o v a l w a s e r ec t e d ,

p a rt ly a s a c h a p el fo r t he Inc a pri nc e In it s rea r .

w a s t h e sa c r e d fi eld o f m a iz e wh i c h use d t o be
r ea p ed by t h e y o ung knight s a ft er t he feast o f t he
H ua ra c hic u H ere Pa ullu liv e d a nd di e d wa t c hing
.
,

t h e t o t a l d est ruc t i o n o f his c o unt ry a nd p e o p le .

H ere his so ns Do n Ca rlo s Inc a a nd Do n F elip e

,

I nc a w er e b o rn a nd br o ught up C a rlo s livi ng qui et ly

, ,

wi t h his Sp a nish wi fe a nd lo o ke d up t o a s t h eir c hief

,

by t h e num er o us I nc a ki ndr e d in t heir di fferent

a ll us
y . T h u s o n e so n o f t h e gr e a t Inc a H ua yna

Cc a p a c m a d e t erms wi t h t he i nv a d ers a nd liv e d o n ,

 M A NCO IN VILCA PA M PA 25 7

r
suffe a nc e in t h e o ld p a la c e o v erlo o ki ng t he c i t y o f
Cuz c o whi le t he
,
o t h e r g a lla nt ly m a i nt a i ne d his

indep endenc e in t he fa st nesses o f Vilc a p a mp a .

M anc o w as surr o und ed by numer o us r ela t i o ns a nd

fo llo w ers a nd live d in so m e st a t e
, B ui ldings were .

e r e c t e d t o t a k e t h e p lac e s o f t he t em p le o f t h e sun

a nd t he p a la c e o f C uz c o a nd a ll t h e a ppr o ac he s w e r e
,

wa t c he d a nd gua rde d T ho ugh v ery mo unt a i no us

.
,

t he r e gi o n b e t w e en t h e Ap uri m a c a nd Vilc a m a yu ,

c a lle d Vilc a p a m p a is no t unpr o duc t iv e

, T h e r e a re .

p ast ur es a nd t erra c ed ra vi nes whi le t o t h e no rt h ,

t h er e are t r o pi c a l fo rest s i nh a bi t e d by t h e fri e nd ly

t rib e o f M a fiaris Vilc a p a mp a wi t h a widt h Of
.
,

fo rt y miles is a k no t o f m o unt a i ns b e t w een t h e

,

riv ers Ap uri m ac o n t he west a nd Vilc a ma yu o n

t he east sid e a nd wi t h a b en d o f t he la t t er riv e r
,

a lso b o undi ng it t o t h e n o r t h Piz a rr o t ri ed t o

.

c o me t o t e r m s wi t h t h e I nc a but M a nc o h a d a ,

pr o fo un d di st rust o f Sp a nish pr o mi ses H e t here .

fo r e r e fuse d t o neg o t i a t e a nd Piz a rr o in r ev eng e

, , ,

h a vi ng t a k en o ne Of M a nc o s wiv es pri so ner wi t h

’

o t h er India ns st ripp e d a nd fl o gg e d h er a nd t h en
, ,

sh o t h er t o d e a t h w i t h a rr o ws T hi s fo rc ed Ma nc o
.

t o m a k e r epri sa ls o n Sp a ni a rd s surpri se d o n t he
ro a ds lea di ng t o Cuzc o .

Aft er t h e fina l d efea t Of y o ung Alma gr o

by t he G o v erno r Crist o v a l Va c a d e Ca st r o ,

t he la d hi mself a nd t en o f his fo llo w ers w e r e

e x ec ut e d , a nd m a ny o t he r s w e r e i mpri so ne d a t

Cuz c o Tw o o f t he la t t er nam e d G o me z P er ez a nd
.
,

D i eg o M ende z wit h six fo llo w ers esc a p ed a nd

, ,

S
258 M URDER OF INCA MAN CO

t ook r efuge in Vilc ap a mp a They w ere ho spit a b ly .

rec eiv ed by t he Inc a M a nc o a nd t r eat e d wi t h t he ,

grea t est kind ness The Inc a w a s w ell i nfo rme d

.

r esp ec t ing p a ssing e v ent s When he h ea rd t hat a .

Vi c er o y ha d a rrived na me d B la sc o Nufi ez d e V ela

,
1
,

wi t h o rders t o st o p t he c ruelt i es a nd r o bb eri es o f

t he Sp a nia rd s h e r eso lv e d t o send a n emb assy
,

Offe ri ng t o a ssi st him H e selec t e d G o m e z P er e z

.

fo r t his dut y w ho w ent t o Li m a a nd r et ur ne d wi t h

, ,

a m o st c o rdi a l ac c ep t a nc e o f t he I nc a s Offe r
’
B ut .

t h e unfo r t una t e Vi c er o y w a s driv en o ut a nd fi nally

'

ki lle d by t he c o nquero rs under G o nz a lo Piz a rro

very so o n a ft erwa rds .

T hi s G o me z P er e z w a s a r o ugh ill c o ndi t i o ned ,

-

ruffi a n wi t h a vi o le nt t e mp e r One d a y h e w a s .

pla yi ng a t b o wls wi t h t he Inc a a nd b ec a me so ,

i nt o lera b ly i nso lent t ha t M anc o p ushe d him sa yi ng ,

’
B ego ne a nd r emem b er t o wh o m y o u a re sp ea ki ng
,
.

P er ez in a vi o lent p a ssi o n seiz e d t he w o o den b a ll

, ,

a nd g a v e t he I nc a suc h a vi o lent b lo w t h a t h e fell

d ea d The Indi a ns rushe d o n t he Sp a ni a rd s w ho

.
,

t o o k r efug e in t h e ir lo dgi ng d e fendi ng t h e ent ra nc e ,

wi t h t heir sw o rd s The Indi a ns t hen set t he ho use

.

o n fi re a nd a ll t he e ight r uffi a ns w e r e sh o t d o wn
,

wi t h a rr o ws a s t hey ra n o ut fro m t he fl ames .

The I nc a M a nc o w a s a w o r t h y r epr esent a t iv e

o f his gr e a t a nc e st o r s Subj ec t e d t o a m o c k c o r o na
.

t i o n a nd a mo c k so v er eignt y by t h e i nv a d er s a s ,

so o n a s h e r e a c h e d a n a e o f m a t uri t y h e sc o r ne d
g
1 Arri v ed a t Lima , Ma y 1 7 , 1 5 4 4 ; d ri v e n o ut in Oc t o b e r. K illed
at A na quit o , J a nua r y 18 , 15 4 6 .
 CHAPT E R XVII
G A R CILA S S O IN CA D E LA V EG A

TH E Sp ani sh c o nquer o rs we r e c a p t iva t ed by t he

’

c h a r m s o f I nc a pri nc e sse s a nd t h eir a t t end a nt s a t

Cuz c o Three d a ught ers o f H ua yna Cc a p a c ha d

.

Sp a ni sh husb a nd s B ea t riz Nust a ma rri e d Ma nc i o

.

Serr a d e Leguisa m o , o ne Of t he c o n quer o rs, t o

who m muc h i nt er est a t t a c h es o wi ng t o his r ema rk
a b le wi ll Ano t h er B ea t riz Nust a w a s t he wi fe Of
. , ,

M a r t in d e Must inc ia a nd sec o ndly o f D i eg o H er

,

n a nd e z Ine z Nust a ha d t w o c hildren by Fra nc i sc o

.

Piz a rr o A niec e o f Hua yna Cc a p a c na m e d

.
,

Fra nc i sc a Nust a m a rri ed Jua n d e C o lla nt es a nd

, ,

w a s a nc e st r ess o f Bi sho p Pi edr a hi t a t he h i st o ri a n .

Angeli na da ught er o f At a hua lp a ma rri ed Jua n d e

, ,

B et a nz o s t he a ut ho r a nd Qui c hua sc ho la r
,
.

H ua lp a T up a c Yup anqui t he ne xt br o t her Of

,

t he I nc a Hua yn a Cc a p a c h a d a so n o f t he sa m e
,

na m es a nd a d a ugh t e r na m e d I sa b el Y up a nq ui
,

Nust a t he wi fe o f t he Sp a ni sh k night Garc ila sso

, ,

d e la V ega a nd m o t her o f t h e fa m o us I nc a his

,

t o ri a n. Pa ullu T up a c Yup a nq ui t h e br o t her o f ,

t he I nc a M a nc o ha d t hr o wn in his lo t wi t h
,

t he Sp a ni a rd s w a s b a p t i sed wi t h t he name o f
,

2 60
 GA R CILA SSO DE LA V G A T H E E E LDER 261

Cri st o va l in 15 43, rec eive d a gr a nt o f t h e

a nd

Co lc a mp a t a p a la c e o v erlo o king C uz c o H e ma rr i e d
,
.

Ca t a lina M a m a Usic a his c o usi n a nd ha d t w o

, ,

so ns C a r lo s a nd F e lip e
,
Pri nc e Pa ullu di ed in
.

May 1549 .

Ga rc ilasso d e la Vega , t hird so n o f Do n A lo nz o

d e Hinest r o sa d e Va rgas a nd o f Do fi a B la nc a
So t o m a y o r Sua r e z d e Figuer o a w a s b o r n a t ,

B a da j o s, a nd w a s a knight o f v ery no b le li nea ge .

H is gr ea t prid e w a s in his d e sc ent fr o m t h a t fa m o us

wa rri o r G a rc i P er e z d e Va rga s w ho fo ugh t by t h e
, ,

sid e o f St F erdi na nd a t t he t a ki ng o f Sevi lle

‘

in 1 34 8 .An o t her a nc est o r w a s Garc ila sso w ho ,

r ec eiv e d t he na m e o f d e la Ve ga in m em o ry o f a
fa m o us d ue l fo ugh t wi t h a gig a nt i c M o o r in t h e
V ega o f Gra na d a .

Ga rc ila sso d e la Ve ga ,
Th ey t h e y o ut h t he nc efo rw a rd c a ll,

Fo r his d uel in t he Vega

Of Gra na d a c h a nc e d t o fa ll .

Ano t her a nc est o r w a s D i ego d e M end o z a w ho ,

sa v e d t h e li fe o f Ki ng J ua n I a t t he b a t t le o f

Alj ub a rro t a The D uke o f F e ri a w a s t h e h ea d

.

o f h is m o t h er s fa m i ly a nd he w a s a lso r ela t e d
’

t o t he M end o z as D uk es o f I nfa nt a d o
, .

B o rn in 15 06 y o ung Garc ila sso d e la Vega w a s

,

w ell pra c t i sed in t he use o f a rms when in 1 5 31 , ,

a t t h e a e o f t w e nt y fi v e h e se t o ut for t h e Ne w
g
-
,

Wo rld a s a c a p t a i n o f infa nt ry wi t h Alo nz o

d e Alva ra d o w h o w a s r e t ur ni ng t o r esum e h is
,
262 G AR CILA SSO DE LA VE GA T H E E LDER
go vernment o f G ua t ema la On hea ri ng o f t he ri c hes
.

Of P eru Alv a r a d o sa i le d wi t h a la rg e fl e e t fr o m
,

Ni c a ra gua a nd la nd e d in t h e ba y o f Ca ra ngues in
,

Ma y 1 534 G a rc ila sso d e la Ve ga w a s wi t h him

.
,

a nd sh a r ed a ll t h e t errib le ha rd ship s a nd suffe ri ng s

o f t h e sub se que nt m a rc h t o R i o b a mb a Aft er .

t h e c o nv ent i o n wi t h A lm a gr o a nd t h e di sp ersa l o f
,

Alva ra d o s fo r c es Ga r c ila sso w a s sent t o c o mp let e

’

t he c o nquest o f t h e c o unt ry r o un d B ue na v e nt ur a .

H e a nd h is sm a ll b a nd o f fo llo w er s fo r c e d t h e ir w a y
t hr o ugh d ense fo r est s e nduri ng a lm o st i nc r edib le
’

ha rd sh ip s . H e n e x t w ent t o Li m a a nd m a r c h e d
,

t h enc e for t he r eli ef o f Cuz c o w hi c h w a s sur r o und e d

,

by a na t iv e a rmy under t h e I nc a M a nc o H e .

ret ur ne d t o Li ma a ft er t he si ege and w a s a n o ffi c er

,

und er a no t he r Alv a r a d o wh en h e w a s sent by

,

Piz a rr o t o di slo dge Alm a gro fr o m Cuzc o D efea t ed .

in t h e b a t t le o f Ab a nc a y Ga rc ila sso suffer e d a lo ng

,

i mpri so nm ent unt il t he fina l o v er t hr o w o f Alma gr o

in Apri l 1 538 .Aft erwa rd s he a c c o mp a ni e d Go n
z a lo Piz a rr o in his c o nquest o f C har c a s a nd ,

r ec eiv e d a gra nt o f land nea r C o c ha b am b a H e .

t h en b ec a m e a c i t iz en o f Cuz c o a nd ma rri e d t he
,

Pri ncess I sa b el Yup a nqui Nust a fo rmerly c a lled ,

C hi mp a Oc llo A c o nt emp o r a ry p o r t r a i t d epi c t s

.

a d elic a t e lo o ki ng girl wi t h la rg e
-
gent le e yes a nd
,

sligh t ly a q ui li ne no se ,
lo ng b la c k t re sses h a ngi ng
o v er h er sh o uld er s a nd a ri c hly o rna m ent e d w o o llen
,

ma nt le se c ur e d in fr o nt by a la rg e g o ld en p in .

T heir h o use w a s a t t he no rt h west a ngle o f t he

-

Cusi p a t a o r t ha t p a r t o f t he grea t squa re w hi c h

-
,
264 B OYH OOD OF IN CA G A R CILA SSO

Cuzc o wer e his fa t h er s br o t her J uan Va rgas 1 his ’

, ,

fa t h er s c o usin G a r c i a Sa nc h e z d e Figuer o a a nd t h e
’

, ,

br o t h er o f his m o t h er H ua lp a Tup ac Yup a nqui , ,

b esides Princ e Pa ullu a nd t he husb a nds o f his

c o usi ns t h e pri nc e sses M a nc i o Serr a d e Legu isa m o
, ,

Jua n d e B et a nz o s a nd D i ego H erna nde z T her e .

w er e c hi ldren o f t h ese a nd o t h er na t ive w o m en ,

c a lle d m est iz o s o r h a lf c a st e s wi t h w h o m t h e y o ung

,
-
,

Inc a Ga rc ila sso a sso c i a t e d a nd w h o w ere his ,

fri e nd s a nd sc h o o lfe llo w s A y ea r b efo re t he b o y s ’

.

birt h his fa t h er w a s a wa y fight ing o n t he side o f

Va c a d e C a st ro a t t h e b a t t le o f Chup a s w her e ,

h e w a s sev e r ely w o und e d H is a b senc es w e re so .

lo ng a nd fr e que nt t h a t h e ha d a fri en d na m e d ,

D i eg o d e A lc o ba sa t o liv e in t he h o use a nd lo o k
a ft e r his i nt e r est s T h e y o ung I nc a c a lle d him his
.

o r t ut o r a nd t h e t w o y o un g A lc o ba sa s
’
A yo , ,

w er e bro ugh t up a lm o st a s bro t hers Y o ung .

G arc ila sso s g o d fa t h e r w a s D i e g o d e Si lva a c i t iz en

’

a nd a lc a ld e .

T h e e duc a t i o n quest i o n w as a v ery di ffi c ult o ne

fo r t h e y o ung m e st iz o s d uri ng a ll t h e t urm o i l o f
c ivi l w a r s wi t h t he lo ng p a t e rnal a b senc es A t
,
.

first t h e y go t a pri est na me d P e dr o Sa nc he z a nd ,

wh en h e d e sert ed t h em t h ey w er e t a ugh t a nd d is
c i line d by a w o r t hy c a no n o f t h e c a t h e dr a l na m e d
p
J ua n d e Cuella r a na t ive o f M edi na d el Ca mp o
,
.

Th
1 Sp i de i th
an a r d y w s v y u t in b ut
n o se a s er e er nc e r a a o

s u r nam Oes. b t h w uld t k h i f t h

ne ro er th hio a e s a
’
er s, a no er s

m th t h i d hi g dm th V g w th f th
’ ’
d
’
o e r s, a n a r s ra n o er s . ar as as e a er s,

F ig u t h m th d l V g m t
’
G il
’
e ro a e o e r s, l t
a rc a sso e a e a a a e r na a nc e s o r s

na m e
 SCH OOLF E LLOWS OF T H E INCA 265

He r ea d L a t i n wi t h t h em fo r t w o y ea rs a midst t he
c la sh o f a r m s a midst r um o ur s Of w a rs a nd a c t ua l
,

fight i ng ha vi ng under t a k en t he t ask o ut o f ki nd

,

ness a nd a t t h e r e quest Of t h e b o y s t hem se lv es

,
.

T he sc ho o l numb er e d eight een

Ga rcila sso Inc a d e la Vega 10 . Jua n A ria s Mald o na d o

Ca rlo s Inca 11 G a sp ar Cent en o
.

Felip e Inc a 1 2 Ped ro Al t a mira n o

.

Francisc o Piz arro 1 3 Fra nc isc o A lt a mira no

.

14 . A so n o f Ga rc ia Sa nc h ez
5 . Jua n Serra d e Leguisa m o d e Figuero a
6 . Diego d e Al c o ba sa 1 5 A so n o f P e d ro d e Ca nd ia
.

7 . Fr anc isc o d e Alc o ba sa

8 . Jua n d e Cillo rieo 17 . So ns o f P e d ro d el B a rc o
9 . B a r t o lo m é Mo ned ero

T hey were a ll ea ger t o lea rn F elip e Inc a b ei ng ,

t h e m o st c le v e r B ut t he g o o d c a no n w a s p lea se d
.

wi t h t hem a ll seei ng ho w muc h a p t i t ude t he y

,

di sp la y e d fo r gra mm a r a nd t he sc i enc e s H e use d .

t o sa y ,0 so ns wha t a pi t y it is t h a t a d o z en Of
o u sh o uld no t be in t h e un iv e r si t y Of Sa la m a nc a
’

y .

Out o f sc h o o l h o ur s t h e y a m use d t h em selves in

t h e b est w a y t h e y c o uld At ahua lp a w a s na t ur a lly
.

h a t e d by t h e I nc a s o f C uz c o a nd t o i nsult his ,

m e m o ry t h e b o ys use d t o m a ke t h e night h id e o us
by usi ng his na m e t o i mi t a t e t he c r o wi ng o f a c o c k .

Th e I nc a d esc rib es t h e m usi c a s

2 c r o c h et s 1 m i ni m 1 sem ibr ev e 4 no t e s a ll o n
, , ,

o ne ke y .

T hey t rea t e d his g ene ra ls w h o h a d fo u r sylla b les

266 T H E INCA A ND H IS SCH OOLF E LLOWS
in t heir na m es in t h e sa m e w a y— Ch a lc uc him a ,
R umi na m , a nd Quillisc a nc h a T h ey o ft en went
-
.

up t o t h e fo r t r ess t o e xp lo r e t h e I nc a rui ns, whi c h

wit hi n t en yea rs h a d a ll b een t a k en a w a y t o b ui ld
h o uses in i t y T h ey vent ur e d i nt o t he
t he c .

sub t e rr a nea n p a ssa g es a nd p a sse d m uc h t i m e in

,

t o b o gga ni ng d o wn t h e gr o o v es in t h e R o da d e r o r o c k .

The y a lso ha d m o r e sensib le a m usem ent s a nd w ent ,

o ut h a wki ng wi t h t h e sm a ll fa lc o n s o f t h e c o un t ry ,

a t Que a p a
p y T h
. i s is t h e fa t a l sp o t w h e r e t h e

Inc a s surrender e d a nd m a d e sub m i ssi o n t o t h e

genera ls Of At a hua lp a Th e gr ea t e st e x c i t em ent
w a s wh en n e w a ni m a ls a nd n ew frui t s a rriv e d fr o m
Sp a i n fo r t h e first t i m e T h e fir st b ullo c k s in t he
.

p lo ugh t h e pr o p er t y o f Juan R o drigue z d e Vi lla

,

lo b o s a pp ea r e d n ea r Cuz c o in 1 55 0
,
T h e y o ung
.

Inc a w ent Off t o see t h em wi t h a gr e a t c r o wd w hen

, ,

h e o ugh t t o h a v e b e en a t sc h o o l T he la nd
p lo ugh e d w a s j ust a b o v e t h e c o nv ent Of St Fra nc i s .
,

a nd t h e na m es o f t h e b ullo c k s w e r e Cha a rro

p ,

N a ra ngo a nd Ca st illo It w a s a m a rv e llo us sight

'

.
,

fo r t h e bo y but h e ha d t o p a y fo r a c t i ng
,

t ruant H is fa t h er fl o gg e d h im a nd t h e sc h o o l
.
,

m ast e r g a v e him a no t h e r fl o ggi ng b ec a use h is

fa t h e r h a d n o t give n him eno ugh T h e n ex t .

w o nder w a s a d o nk ey wh i c h his fa t h er ha d b o ught

a t G ua m a ng a t o br ee d m ule s fr o m his m a r e s .

H o rses were v ery prec i o us a nd v e ry d e a r B ut .

t h i s did n o t r e st r a i n t h e y o ung m e st iz o s fr o m
ri di ng r a c es d o wn t he st r e et s o f Cuz c o Ant o ni o .

d e A lt a mira no fa t h er o f t he Alt a mira no b o ys

, ,
268 M ED ICINA L E X P ERIENCE S
a nd r o o t s T here w a s o ne very fo rmida ble whit e
.

r o o t whic h w a s p o und e d p ut in wa t er a nd giv en

, , ,

t o y o un g G arc ilasso t o dri nk wh en h e h a d a

st o m a c h ac h e It w a s a dr a st i c r em e dy
-
. First .

it m a de him feel si c k a nd in h a lf a n h o ur he w as,

so giddy t h a t he c o uld n o t st a nd T h en h e felt .

a s if a nt s w er e c r a w li ng o v e r his b o dy a nd d o w n

h is v e i ns H e ne x t felt a s if h e w a s g o ing t o d ie
. .

Wh en t h e m e di c i ne ha d fini sh e d w o rki ng he w a s
le ft qui t e w e ll wi t h a t r em e nd o us a pp et i t e
,
He .

h i m self e ffec t e d a sig na l c ur e o n a bo y na m e d

M a r t i n so n o f P edro F e rna nd ez t h e lo y a l w h o w a s
, ,

suffe ri ng fr o m a so r e a n d i nfl a m e d e e G a rc ila sso

y .

t o o k a p la nt c a lle d ma t ec llu wh i c h is fo und in ,

st r ea m s a fo o t lo ng wi t h o ne r o un d lea f a t t he e n d
, .

H e m a sh e d it a nd a pp li e d it a s a p o ult i c e t o h is
,

fri end w h o w a s c ur e d a ft er t w o a pp li c a t i o ns
, .

Aft erwa rd s he sa w M a r t i n in Sp ai n in 161 1 when ,

h e w a s h ea d gro o m t o t he D uk e o f F e ri a a nd h e ,

sa id t h a t h e sa w b e t t e r in t ha t e e t h a n in t h e
y
o t h er .

A s G ar c ilasso gr ew up h e e x c ha ng e d his b o yi sh
ga m es a nd e x c ursi o ns fo r t he m o re seri o us c a ne
t o urna m ent s r e q uiri ng muc h pr a c t i c e
, H e p la y e d .

in t h e t o urna m ent s o n t he fea st o f Sa nt i a g o fi v e

t i m es a lso a t t h e b a p t i sm o f I nc a Sa yri T up a c
, ,

w h e n h e r o d e a y o ung h o r se w hi c h h a d no t c o m

p le t e d it s t h ird y e a r .

T he y o ut h Ga rc ila sso w a s a b o rn t o p o gra p he r ,

wi t h a r em a rk a b le m emo ry F o r t y ye a rs a ft er he .

le ft C uz c o h e d esc rib e d t h e c i t y wi t h t h e e xa c t ,
 T R OU B LOUS T IM ES 269

p o si t i o ns o f t h e h o uses Of six t y six Sp a ni sh c i t iz ens

-
.

Li t t le h a d b e en a lt e r e d in his yo ut h H e r em em .

b er e d t hr e e gr ea t c o ver e d ha lls a t t a c he d t o
of t he
t h e p a la c es o f t he I nc a s 2 00 p a c e s lo ng by 5 0
, ,

o ne in t he Am a r u c a nc ha o r p a lac e o f H ua yna
-

Cc a p ac no w t he c hurc h o f t h e J esui t s a no t h er in
, ,

t h e Ca ssa na o r p a lac e o f Pa c h ac ut i c a p a b le o f ,

h o lding 40 00 p e o p le a nd a no t h er o n t he Co lc a m
,

p a t a The gr ea t ha ll o f t he p a la c e o f Uir a c o c h a
.
-
,

o n t h e e a st sid e o f t h e gr ea t squa r e w a s in pr o c ess ,

o f b e i ng c o nv er t e d i nt o t h e c a t h e dr a l .

T he fir st grea t t r o ub le r em em b er e d by t he
y o ung Inc a w a s when G o nza lo Piza rro r o se a ga i nst
t he Vi c er o y B la sc o Nuri ez d e V ela a nd t h e new
’

law s . T he C uz c o c i t iz ens w er e fo r c e d t o j o i n if
t hey did no t e sc a p e T he e ld er Ga rc ilasso d e la
.

Ve ga P edr o d el B a rc o An t o ni o Alt a mira no a nd

H ernand o Bac hic a o fl
, , ,

e d t o Li m a T he t hr ee la st.
,

t w o o f t h em fa t he r s Of t h e y o ung I n c a s sc h o o l
’

fello w s w er e h ange d by Piz arr o s c ruel o ld li eu

’

t enant C a rb a j a l Ga r c ila sso w a s c o nc ea le d fo r

.

week s in t he c o nv ent o f Sa n Fra nc isc o a t Li ma but ,

a t last G o nz a lo Piz a rr o p a rd o ne d him H e was .

k ep t a s a so r t o f pri so ner a nd o blige d t o a c c o m p a ny

,

t he r e b els M ea nwhile t he ho us e a t Cuz c o w a s

.

a t t a c k e d by t h e Piz a rr o fac t i o n a nd b esi eged ,

.

The ga rri so n c o nsi st e d o f t he yo ung I nca wi t h his

mo t he r a nd si st er t he A lc o ba sa s a nd t w o fa i t hful
, ,

m a ids .T he y wer e nea rly st a rve d a nd when t he ,

b esiegers go t in t he house w a s pi lla ged A t la st

, .

D i ego C ent eno a rr iv e d wit h t he Inc a s unc le Jua n

’

,
27 0 G ON A LO Z PIZA RR O

V a rga s a nd t he fa mi ly w as r elie ved T hey ha d

,
.

b een hv 1ng o n a lm s .

Cent eno a dv anc ed t o L a k e Ti t i c a c a where t he ,

ba t t le o f Hua rina w a s fo ught o n Oc t o b er 25 1547 ,

.

G o nz alo Piz a rr o w a s vi c t o ri o us a nd marc he d

C ent eno fl
,

t ri ump ha nt ly t o Cuz c o e d a nd
. Juan ,

Va rga s w a s ki lled t o t he grea t gri ef o f his bro t he r

,

a nd nep h ew . Garc ila sso d e la Vega w a s fo rc e d t o

a c c o mp a ny t he r e b els a nd w a s a n unwi llin g sp ec
,

t a t o r o f t h e b a t t le o f Hua rina wh er e his br o t her lo st

,

his li fe o n t he lo ya l sid e H e h a d t o lend his

.

fa v o uri t e ho r se Sa li ni lla s t o G o nz a lo Piz a rr o a nd ,

t o go wi t h him in his t rium p hant ma r c h no r t hw ard s .

On t h e a ppr o ac h o f t h e r eb els t he li t t le Inc a ,

went o ut o f Cuzc o t o meet his fa t her a s fa r a s ,

Qui spi c a nc ha o v er t en mi les H e went p ar t ly

, .

o n fo o t a nd p a r t ly o n t h e b a c k s o f t w o I ndi a n

se rv a nt s . T h e m eet ing mus t h a v e b een a v ery

j o yful o ne fo r t he fa mily ha d suffer e d muc h during
,

t h e fa t h er s a b senc e They ga v e t he li t t le bo y a
’
.

h o r se fo r t h e r et urn j o urney G o nz a lo Piz a rr o

.

ent er e d C uz c o t ri um p h a nt ly wi t h suc h b ells a s

,

t her e wer e ri ngi ng j o y ful p ea ls T her e w a s a n .

i nt erva l o f nearly fi v e m o nt hs a nd a ha lf b et ween

his vi c t o ry a t H ua ri na and his d e fea t and
d ea t h a t Sa c sa hua na Yo ung Ga rc ila sso sa ys .

t ha t t he gr ea t r e b el t r ea t e d him a s if h e ha d
b een his o w n so n T he Inc a w a s muc h in Go n
.

z a lo s h o use a nd t h o ugh b a r ely ni ne y e a r s Old he

’

, , ,

di ned t wi c e a t t he Pro c ura t o r s t a b le in c o mp any ’

wi t h his c o usin a nd sc h o o lfello w Fra nc i sc o Piz arro ,

 27 2 A W EDD ING PA RT Y D IST UR B ED

unset t le d st a t e . A t last t he st o rm b urst a t C uz c o ,

t he ma lc o nt ent s ha vi ng sec r et ly p la nne d a ri sing
und er lea d ership o f Fr a nc i sc o H ernand e z
t he
Gir o n Yo ung Ga rc ila sso ha d lo st his mo t her a
.

few yea r s b e fo re , a nd his fa t her ha d m a rri ed a

Sp a ni sh la dy .

On No vem b er 1 3, 155 3, t her e w a s a m a rri a ge

at Cuz c o o f Do n Alo nso d e Lo a ysa nep hew ,

o f t he Ar c h bi sh o p Of Li ma , wi t h a y o un g la dy

na m e d M a ri a d e C a st i lla a nd a gr a n d w e ddi ng
,

supp e r w a s giv en in t h e e v ening T he la di e s

.

supp e d sep a r a t ely in a n i nner r o o m Yo ung .

Ga rc ila sso c a me r a t her la t e , t o r et urn wi t h his

fa t her a nd st ep m o t h e r -
T h e C o rr egid o r w a s
.

pr esiding a nd t h e la d w as j ust Si t t i ng d o wn a t his

,

i nvi t a t i o n, when t he st reet d o o r w a s t hro wn

vi o lent ly o p en, a nd Gir o n st a lk e d in wi t h his
dra wn swo rd fo llo we d by t w o men a rme d wi t h
,

p a r t i sans T he c o mp a ny st a r t ed t o t heir fee t

.
,

t w o wer e ki lle d a nd t hen t h e light s w er e p ut o ut .

The C o rr egid o r r a n i nt o t h e r o o m o f t h e la di es,

w h o w er e no t m o lest ed , but h e w a s t a k en p ri so ner .

The Garc ila sso s, fa t h e r a nd so n wi t h so me o t her s,

,

fo und a p a ssa ge w hi c h led i nt o t he b a c k ya rd -

.

T hey a ll c li mb e d up o n t o t he r o o f o f t he ho use
nex t d o o r , w hic h b elo ng e d t o J ua n d e Figuer o a .

T h enc e t hey go t i nt o a b a c k st r ee t Yo ung .

Garc ila sso w a s sent fo rw a rd a s a sc o ut unt i l t he y

r ea c hed t he ho use o f his fa t her s br o t her in la w ,
’
- -

Ant o ni o d e Quiiio nes T hey ha d m a rri e d si st ers

. .

It t o o k a li t t le t i me fo r yo ung Garc ila sso t o ge t

 GI R ON S RE B E LLION
’
27 3

ho r ses but b e fo r e mid night his fa t her a nd

r ea dy ,

Q uir
’

i o n e s h a d ga llo p e d o ut o f C uz c o , o n t h e ir w a
y
t o Lim a T he yo ung I nc a w a s le ft in c h a rge o f his
.

st ep m o t h e r
- T h e Gir o n r eb elli o n last ed fo r a
.

y ea r ,
en ding wit h t he b a t t le of Puc a r a on Oc t o b er
24 , 1 55 4 .

T he el Ga rc ila sso b ec a me C o rr egid o r o f

d er
Cuzc o in 1555 , a nd his so n b ega n t o be v ery useful
T he fa t h er s e st a t es w er e a t T a p a c ri, nea r
’
t o him .

C o c ha b a m b a a t C o t o ner a , H ua m anp a lp a a nd t h e
, ,

c o c a p la nt a t i o n o f A bisc a T h e so n vi si t e d t he se
,

pro p er t i es, a nd a lso a c t e d as his fa t her s Sec r et a ry ’

during his t erm Of Offic e B o t h w ere v ery b usy .

c o llec t i ng sub sc rip t i o ns fo r t h e er e c t i o n o f a h o spi t a l

fo r I ndi a ns, o f whi c h t h e e ld er Ga rc ila sso la id t h e

first st o ne T he go o d knight sh o wed grea t ki ndness
.

t o t h e yo un g so ns o f P e dr o d el B a r c o , w ho w er e
left fa t he rle ss a nd d est i t ut e .

The Vi c er o y Do n Andr es H urt a d o d e M end o z a ,

,

M a rquis o f Ca fiet e, a rrive d a t Li ma in July 15 55 .

H e w a s v ery a nxi o us t hat t he y o ung I nc a Sa yri

Tup a c sho uld c o nsent t o c o me o ut o f Vilc a p a mp a ,

a nd liv e wi t h t h e Sp a ni a rd s H e wr o t e t o t he .

Co rregido r o f Cuzc o a nd t o t h e Pri nc ess B ea t riz ,

wi fe o f Leguisa m o , aski ng t hem t o m a ke t he
nec essa ry a rr a ng em ent s It w a s a di ic ult m a t t er ,
. fl
re quiring ski lful dip lo m a c y, for t he Ine a s t ut o rs ’

were fea r ful o f t rea c hery Jua n B et a nz o s w a s .

sent , but w a s no t a llo w e d t o ent e r t h e I nc a s

’

t erri t o ry Only t h e prin c ess s so n, Jua n Serr a d e

’
.

Leguisa m o , w a s p ermi t t ed t o r ea c h t h e pr esenc e o f

27 4 INCA SA Y R I T U PA C
t he Inc a wi t h t he Vi c er o y s ri ch pr esent s Aft er ’
.

m uc h d elib er a t i o n Sa yri T up ac c o nsent e d t o go t o

Li ma c a rri ed in a li t t er H e w a s v ery c o rdi a lly
,
.

r ec eive d by t he Vi c er o y a nd Ar c hbi sho p a nd gra nt e d ,

a p ensi o n a nd a n e st a t e in t he v a lley o f Vi lc a

ma y u Sa yri T up a c t hen b eg a n t h e j o ur ney t o

.

Cuz c o A t Gua manga he w a s present ed by a knight

.
,

na me d Mig uel Ast et e wi t h t h e lla a ta o r fri ng e o f

, ,

so v er eig nt y w hi c h h a d b een t a k en fr o m A t a hua lp a

, .

Sa yri Tup a c liv e d in t h e h o use o f his a unt ,

t he Pri nc ess B eat riz whi le h e w a s a t Cuz c o , ,

a nd a ll t h o se o f t h e b lo o d r o y a l w ent t her e t o -

ki ss his hand Am o ng o t hers t he y o ung Inc a

.
,

Ga rc ilasso w a i t e d up o n h is c o usi n a nd t h ey ,

dra nk c hic ha t o get her o ut o f si lver c up s The .

Inc a Sa yri T up a c w a s m a rri e d t o Cusi H ua rc a y ,

a grandda ught er o f t he ill fa t e d Inc a H ua sc a r -

.

T hey w er e b o t h b a p t i se d a t C uz c o a nd t hen ,

pr o c eed ed t o t he a b o d e assigned t o t h em nea r

Yuc a y Sayri T up ac di e d in 15 60 H is da ught er
. .
,

C la ra B ea t riz m a rri e d Do n M a rt i n G a rc i a L o yo la
, ,

a nep h e w Of St Ig na t i us .T heir d a ught er L o renz a

.

w a s c r ea t e d M a rquesa d e Or o p esa in h er o w n
ri h t w it h r em a i nd e r t o t h e d esc en d a nt s o f h er gr e a t
g ,

unc le T up a c Am a r u She m a rri e d J ua n H enriquez

, .

d e B o rj a a gra ndso n o f t h e D uk e o f G a ndi a

,
.

The la st y ea r o f t he a b o d e o f t h e y o ung I nc a
Ga rc ila sso in t he h o m e o f his c hi ldh o o d w a s a
v ery me la nc ho ly o ne H is fa t her w a s sufferi ng
.

fr o m a lo ng a nd p a i nful i llness H e di e d in 1 5 5 9 .
,

a nd his so n no w in his t w ent i e t h y e a r

, w as le ft ,
276 T H E IN CA IN SPA IN

Garc ilasso d e la Veg a d o es no t a pp ea r t o ha v e

b een welc o me d wi t h a ny v ery gr ea t a mo unt o f
c o rdi a li t y by his gr a nd r ela t i o ns in Sp a i n . H ow
he must ha v e r egr et t e d his ha ppy b o yho o d a t
Cuzc o , a nd t he lo ss o f a ll his fri end s ! A t first
he go t so me let t e rs fr o m his c o usi n Figuer o a ,
a nd his I nc a unc le , H ua lp a T up a c Yup a nqui .

T he y o ung Inc a m a d e a n a pp li c a t i o n for t he

r est i t ut i o n o f t he p a t rimo ny o f his mo t her, a nd
fo r a r ec o gni t i o n o f his fa t h er s fa i t hful servi c es
’
.

It w a s r e ferr ed t o t he C o unc i l o f t he I ndi es; a nd

t he me mb ers w e r e c o nvi nc e d by his pr o o fs unt i l
a n ill na t ur e d la wy e r na m e d L o p e G a r c i a d e C a st r o
-

i nt ervened H e w as a ft erwa rds G o v erno r o f P eru

.

fr o m 15 64 t o 15 69 . H e a sk e d t h e I nc a wha t fa vo ur
h e c o uld exp ec t when his fa t her w a s a t t he b a t t le
o f H ua ri na h elpi ng G o nz a lo Piz a rr o . Ga rc ila sso
rep li ed t ha t it w a s fa lse Ca st r o t hen sa id t ha t
fl
.

t hr ee hi st o ri a ns ha d a irm ed it , a nd w ho w a s
he t o d eny wha t t h ey sa id 2 SO his p et i t i o n w a s
rej ec t ed H is b est fri end a t t his sa d t i me, a nd
.

fo r lo ng a ft erwa rd s, w as Do n Alo nz o F erna nd e z

d e C o rd o v a L o rd o f t he H o use o f Ag ui la r , a nd
,

M arqui s o f Pri ego , a Figuero a c o usi n o f Ga rc ila sso

o n his gr a nd mo t h e r s sid e
’
.

T he I nc a o b t a i ne d a c a p t a i nc y in t he a rm y o f
P hi lip II , a nd serv ed in t he c a mp a ign a ga inst t he
M o ri sc o s under Do n Jua n o f Aust ri a H e so o n .

a ft e rw a rd s le ft a m i li t a ry li fe , p o o r a nd in d eb t ,

a nd d evo t ed hi mself t o li t era ry p ursui t s H is .

first pro d uc t i o n w a s a t ra nsla t i o n fro m t he It a li a n

 T H E INCA S LIT
’
ERA R Y W OR K 27 7

of t he D i a lo gues L o ve by a J ew na me d
of
’

A barba nel w ho wr o t e und er t h e nom de p lume o f

,

El Leo n Ebreo T he I nc a s t r a nsla t i o n w a s p ub

’
.

lished in 15 90 Th e d e di c a t i o n t o t h e Ki ng
.

c o nt a i ns a full a c c o unt o f G arc ilasso s Inc a line a ge

’
.

H is nex t w o rk w as a na rra t iv e o f t h e exp e di t i o n

o f H e r na nd o d e So t o in F lo rid a wh i c h h e c o m ,

p le t e d in 15 9 1. H e is sa id t o h a v e g o t h is i nfo r m a

t i o n c hi efly fr o m t h e a c c o unt s Of a n Old so ldi e r

w h o serv e d wi t h d e So t o It w a s first p ub li she d
.

a t Li sb o n in 1 60 5 a nd r epri nt e d se v e r a l t i me s
, .

T he b est e di t i o n is t h a t o f 17 22 .

Do n P a sc ua l d e G a ya ngo s ga v e m e a c uri o us
ma nusc rip t wri t t en by t h e I nc a w hi c h a pp ea rs ,

t o ha v e b een i nt end e d fo r a d e di c a t o ry e pi st le
t o be p la c e d a t t h e b egi nni ng o f t h e I n c a s w o rk
’

o n F lo rid a . It is a ddr esse d t o t h e h ea d o f t he

Va rga s fa m i ly a nd c o nsi st s o f a full g enea lo gi c a l
,

a c c o unt o f t h e h o use o f V a rg a s fo llo we d by a n ,

a b st r a c t o f t h e c o nt ent s o f t h e w o rk o n F lo rid a ,

a nd a n e xp la na t i o n o f t h e syst em a d o p t e d by t h e

a ut ho r in it s divi si o n i nt o six b o o k s In t h e .

genea lo gi c a l p a r t t her e are sev er a l int er est i ng

digr essi o ns b o t h p erso na l a nd hi st o ri c a l
, .

We ga t h er fr o m t hi s d o c um ent t ha t his un c le ,

Do n Alo nz o d e Va rga s a m i li t a ry Offi c er Of lo n g

,

a nd v a ri e d servi c e b eing c hi ld less a d o p t e d t he

, ,

Inc a a s his h eir .

For ma ny y ear s b efo r e his d ea t h Ga rc ila sso

ha d liv e d in a hir e d ho use in t h e c i t y o f C o rd o va
mi p o br e c a sa d e a lqui ler H e w as ne v er m a rri ed
.
’
.
278 T H E INCA S
’
W OR K ON P ERU

A s year s r o lled o n h e b ega n t o t hink mo r e o f

t h e la nd o f his bir t h , a nd , a s w e c an g a t h er fr o m
t h e a b o v e d o c um ent , he h a d r e so lv e d t o wri t e t h e
st o ry Of his na t iv e la nd in 1 5 9 6, t h e d a t e o f t h e

do c ument .
1

In t h a t or t h e nex t
yea r a J esuIt r esiding a t
C o rd o va nam ed M a ld o na d o d e Sa a v e dr a a na t iv e
, ,

o f Sevi lle ga v e t h e I nc a t h e hi st o ry o f P eru by

,

B la s Va lera a ma nusc rip t wri t t en in m o st elega nt

,

L a t in T h e I nc a sa ys t h a t o nly o ne h a lf w a s
.

r esc ue d fr o m pi lla ge d uring t h e sa c k o f C a diz by

t h e E ngli sh But t h e pri est s w er e a llo w e d t o
.

t a k e t h eir p a p er s wi t h t h em a nd D r G o nz a le z d e , .

la R o sa t h ink s t h a t Garc ila sso r ec eiv e d t he hi st o ry

i nt a c t H e sp ea k s wi t h gr ea t r esp ec t o f t he
.

kn o wledge a nd lea rning o f B la s V a ler a quo t ing ,

t w ent y o ne p a ssa ge s fr o m h is wo rk m o st o f t he m
-
,

lo ng a nd i m p o r t a nt Fo r a n a rr a t iv e o f t h e e v ent s
.

o f e a c h I nc a s r eig n G a r c ila sso wr o t e t o his Old

’

sc h o o lfello w s a ski ng t h em t o h elp h im by sendi ng

h im a c c o unt s o f c o nque st s Of t he I nc a s in t h e
c o unt ri es o f t h eir m o t h er s for ea c h pr o vi nc e h a s ,

it s ga ip a s a nd r ec o rd e d a nna ls a nd t r a di t i o ns .

H e a d d s t h a t t h ey sent t h em t o him a nd t ha t
'

h e t hus go t t h e r e c o rd s o f t he d e ed s o f t h e I nca s .

H is gr ea t fri end D i eg o d e A lc o ba sa h a d b ec o m e a
pri est a nd he sent a v a lua b le a c c o un t Of t he ruins
,

1 I sh a ll e nt er u p on it mo re full y in t he p o p r d escent a nd
r e

hi t y
s or of t h o se K in gs Inc a s, if G o d g iv es me st r ng t h a nd if e v il
e ,

fo rt une d o es no t p u sue
r me— but it a l wa ys seems to h
t wa rt me
in w h at I mo st d esire .
’
280 T H E IN CA S
’
W OR K ON PERU

p a ssages a nd t hey a re sc a t t er ed a b out everywhere

,

t hr o ugh o ut b o t h p a r t s .

T he R o ya l C o mm ent a ri es w er e unt i l qui t e ,

r e c ent ly t h e m o st va lued a ut ho ri t y fo r P eruvi a n

,

c ivi lisa t i o n a nd t h e hi st o ry o f t h e I nc as T he .

p o si t i o n o f t h e wr i t er a s a n Inc a o n t he m o t her s side ’

t h e fuln e ss Of d e t a i l b o t h a s r e g a rd s t h e h i st o ry a nd
t h e m a nner s c ust o m s a n d r e ligi o n Of t h e p e o p le
, , ,

a nd t h e p e c uli a r c h a r m o f h is st y le fully a c c o unt

fo r t h e p o si t i o n h is w o rk h eld fo r so lo ng Pr esc o t t.

quo t es G a rc ila sso t wi c e a s Oft en a s a ny ot her

a ut h o ri t y . B ut t h e I nc a w a s wri t i ng fo r t y y ea r s
a ft er h e h a d le ft t h e c o unt ry Sa r m i e nt o ne w
.
,

t o a gr e a t e xt ent sup er se d es his hi st o ry

,
M o li na .
,

M o rua B la s Va lera Sa lc a m a yhua a nd o t her wri t ers

, , ,

wh o se w o rk s h a v e r e c e nt ly c o m e t o light a re m o r e ,

r eli a b le a s r e ga rds t h e r eligi o n a nd m a nners a nd

c ust o m s o f t h e p e o p le b e c a use t h ey wr o t e o n t h e
,

sp o t a nd wi t h fulle r kn o wle dg e D r G o nz a le z d e la
. .

R o sa has sho wn re a so n fo r quest i o ning Garc ilasso s

’

i nt egri t y a s r ega rds t he use o f t he m a nusc rip t Of

B la s Va lera Yet in spi t e o f a ll t hi s t he I nc a
.
, ,

wi ll c o nt inue t o be a n imp o r t a nt a ut ho ri t y whi le t he ,

c h a r m o f his p er so na l r e m i ni sc enc e s m ust e v e r h a v e

a fa sc i na t i o n fo r his r e a d er s fr o m w h i c h n o c ri t i c i sm

c a n d et r a c t .

T h e I nc a m ust h a v e led a so m ewh a t lo nely

b a c helo r s li fe a t C o rd o va ye t it c a n sc a rc ely ha v e
’

b ee n a n unha ppy o ne wh en h is o c c up a t i o n fi lle d

,

him c o nst a nt ly wi t h h a ppy r em em bra nc es o f his

b o yho o d H e ha d t he p lea sur e o f welc o mi ng
.
 E
A G NT FOR INCA RE LA T IONS 281

at lea st o ne o f his sc h o o lfe llo ws T hi s . was Juan

Ari a s Ma ld o na d o so n o f ,
t he M a ldo na d o ri c h .

H e ha d b een r o bb e d o f his est a t e s a n d driv en o ut

o f t he c o unt ry by t h e c r ue l t yr a nt T o le d o He .

h a d o b t a i ne d lea v e t o r et urn t o P eru fo r t hr ee

ye a r s t o r ec o v er so m e o f his pr o p ert y B efo r e
,
.

sa i li ng h e c a m e t o t h e I nc a a t C o rd o v a wi t h his

wi fe T hey w er e in gre a t p o v er t y a nd t he I nc a
.
,

ga v e t hem a ll t he whi t e c lo t hing he p o ssessed a nd ,

m uc h c lo t h a nd t a ffet a The y r ea c he d t h e ba y .

o f Pa y t a w h e r e Jua n Ari a s di e d o f
, j y
o a t o nc e

m o r e see i ng his na t iv e la nd .

In 1603 t h e Inc a w as d eep ly i nt ere st e d in t he

e ffo r t s o f his m o t h e r s fa m i ly t o Ob t a i n so m e sm a ll
’

m o di c um o f j ust i c e M elc h i o r C a rlo s Inc a t he so n

.
,

o f his unfo r t un a t e Old sc h o o lfello w C a r lo s I nc a ,

a c c o m p a ni e d by Do n A lo n so d e M e sa so n o f o ne ,

o f t h e b est Of t h e c o n quer o r s h a d c o m e t o Sp a i n t o ,

p et i t i o n fo r his right s The few survivi ng Inc a s .

wr o t e t o em p o wer Ga rc ilasso Alo nso d e Mesa a nd , ,

M elc h i o r t o a c t fo r t h em in st rivi ng t o Ob t a i n
i mmuni t y fo r t hem fr o m m a ny v ex a t i o us a nd
ruino us i mp o st s T h e y a lso sent pro o fs Of t heir
.

d esc ent p a i nt e d o n a ya rd a nd a ha lf o f whi t e si lk

o f C hi na wit h t he Inc as in t heir a nc i ent dr esses
,
.

The c o v e ri ng let t er w a s d a t e d Apri l 16 1 603 a nd , ,

sign e d by fo ur Inc a s ea c h o ne r epr e sent i ng a n

,

a llu
y T
. h e r e w e r e t h e n 5 67 a gna t es o f t h e r o y a l
1

1 T he 5 s h oul d c ert a inl yb 2 e , but 2 67 wo ul d inc lud e d esc end a nt s

of a ll Ore j o nes, no t o nl y In g
c a a nat e s h
T ere w e r e 83 Inc a s
.

w ho w ere wit ness e s fo r Sarm iento

’
s hi t y
s or , a nd 1 18 of T o le d o
’
s
282 T H E INCA S
’
WILL

family In 1 604 M elc hi o r C a rlo s Inc a r ec eiv e d a

.

gra nt o f 75 00 duc a t s a y ea r in p erp e t uit y fr o m

t h e Li m a t r ea sury , a n d w a s i nv e st e d wi t h t h e o rd er
o f Sa nt i a g o H e w a s no t a llo w e d t o r et urn t o P e ru
.
,

a nd h e di e d a t Alc a la d e H e na r e s in 1 61 0 H is .

o nly so n di e d in t h e sa m e y e a r , a nd t hus t h e m a i n

li ne o f Pri nc e Pa ullu b e c a m e ex t i nc t 1
No t h i ng .

c o uld be e ffec t e d fo r t h e I nc a p e t i t i o ne r s M o st .

o f t h em wi t h m a ny o f t h eir m est iz o rela t i o ns

, ,

p e ri she d in mi sery a nd exi le .

G a rc ilasso I nc a d e la V eg a w a s a d ev o t ed so n ~

o f t h e C hur c h In his la st y e a rs h e w a s m uc h
.

o c c upi e d in t h e pr ep a r a t i o n o f a sid e c h a p el in t h e -

c a t h e dr a l o f C o rd o v a fo r his i nt e r m e nt It w a s t o .

be d e di c a t e d t o t h e so uls in p urg a t o ry Fr o m .

his wi ll w e g a t h er t h a t his h o use w a s fa irly w ell

2

furni sh ed t h a t h e h a d a g o ld j ew el i nla id wi t h a
,

di a m o nd , a nd a gr a nd fa t her s c lo c k H is p la t e fo r ’
.

t a b le a nd sid eb o a rd w as suffi c i ent fo r his r a nk ,

a nd his ac c o ut r em ent s duri ng t h e M o ri sc o w a r

w ere h a ngi ng o n his w a lls a c ut lass, a b a t t le a xe -
,

w it nesses, no t a ll Inc as, ma king 200 . T his a llo w s fo r 67 no t c a ll ed

u pon .

1 Dr . h
J ust o Sa huara ur a , A rc d ea c o n o f Cuz c o , c la im ed t a t h
h
Me lc io r Ca rlo s Inc a h a d a ro t er na me d b h
ar t o lo m é Q uis e B p
h
A t a uc hi, fro m w o m h e w as d e sc end ed in t he m a le line d o w n t o
y
Luis R a mo s T it u A t a uc h i, a la w e r a t Cuz c o , w h o di e d c ild less. h
M a ria , t h e sist er o f Luis R a mo s, is sa id t o a e m arrie d Nic o la s hv
S a h ua ra ura , w h o w a s t h e fa t e r o f Dr h
ust o Sa h ua ra ura Dr . J . .

b y h
J ust o w a s in t h e a t t le o f A a c uc o as a o un m a n, a nd a ft erwa rd sy g
t oo k o rd ers. H e d ied in 18 5 3 . I kn ew h is nie c es.

First d isc o v e re d by D
r. G o nz a le z d e la R o sa , w ho o bt a ine d a

co py fro m t he A rc h iv e d o Pro t o c o lo s at Co rd o v a in .1 9 0 8 .
 284 T H E INCA S CH A PEL
’

e xquisit e Mi hra b o f H akem 11 P erhap s a few m ay .

fi nd t i me t o giv e a t h o ught t o t h e g o o d Old I nc a .

H is c h a p el is o n t h e no r t h sid e t he t hird fr o m t he ,

ea st . H is a rms a re o ver t h e ir o n grat i ng a nd ga t e .

On t h e d ex t er sid e are Va rga s qua r t eri ng Figuer o a ,

Sa a v e dr a a nd M end o z a a nd i mp a li ng t he a rms
, ,

gra nt e d t o t he Inc as T hese a re a zure t w o serp ent s

.

supp o r t i ng a r a i nb o w fr o m t h e ir m o ut h s fr o m ,

whi c h h a ngs t h e lla a ta in c hi e f a sun a nd m o o n

, .

T h e st o ne c o ve ri ng t h e t o mb is in t h e c ent r e o f t h e
li t t le c h a p e l Th e e pi t a p h p a i nt e d o n b o ard s is o n
.

e ac h sid e o f t h e a lt a r On t h e g o sp el sid e
.

Th e Inc a Ga rcila sso d e la Vega , a dist inguished

m an w o rt hy o f p erp et ua l mem o ry , illust rio us in b lo o d , w ell
versed in let t e rs, v a lia nt in ar ms . So n of Garc ila sso d e la
Vega o f t he d uc al h o uses Of Feria a nd Infa nt a d o , d
an of

Eliz a b et h Palla , sist er o f H ua ina Cc a p a c last Emp ero r ,

o f Pe ru . H e e dit e d La Flo rid a t ra nsla t e d Le o n Eb re o ,

,

mp o sed t h e R o y al Co mment aries

’
co .

On t he e pi st le side
He liv ed very religio usly in Co rd o v a , d ied a nd w as ,

b uried in t his c h ap el H e c lo sed up his est at e in a c hain

.

fo r t he go o d o f so uls in p urga t o ry b eing p erp et ua l t rust e es

,

t h e D e a n a nd Ch ap t er o f t his h o ly c h urc h H e die d o n t h e .

22 md o f Ap ril,

Pra y t o G o d fo r his so ul .
’

A la mp ha ngs fro m t he r o o f a nd is a lwa ys ,

kep t b urni ng night a nd d a y in a c c o rd a nc e wi t h t he

, ,

c lause in t h e I nc a s wi ll
’
.
 CHAPTE R X VIII
T H E LA ST OF T H E INCA S

T H E t errib le d o o m o f t he unfo r t una t e P eruvi a ns

a nd t h e ir b e lo v e d Inc a s w as n o w i nevi t a b le It .

c a me up o n t h em in rushing b lo w a very li t t le
o ne c

m o r e t ha n t en y ea r s a ft er t h e d ep a r t ure o f t h e
Inc a Ga rc ilasso d e la V ega fo r E ur o p e On t he .

dea t h o f Sa yri Tup a c his br o t her Ti t uCusi Yup a nqui

,

w a s ac c la i m e d a s so v e r e ig n Inc a in Vilc a p amp a

a ma n o f v ery di ffer ent mo uld Juan d e B et a nz o s .

a nd R o dr igue z w er e sent t o p er sua d e him t o fo ll o w

his e ld e r br o t h er s e x a mp le but wi t ho ut e ffec t

’
.
,

H e w a s firm in t h e r eso lv e t o m a i nt a i n his i nd e

p end e nc e .
1

T he Inc a
G a rc ila sso s o ld sc ho o lfe llo w , C a r lo s
’

Inc a , h a d suc ceede d his fa t her, Princ e Pa ullu, a t t he

p a lac e o f t he Co lc a mp a t a , a nd w a s m a rri e d t o a
Sp a ni sh la dy b o rn in Peru, na med M a ri a d e E squiv e l .

Lit t le Of t he p a la c e no w r em a i ns, but it is a very

i nt er est ing sp o t a nd c losely c o nnec t ed wi t h t he
last d a ys o f t he Inc a s .

1 A le t te r dic t a ted by T it u Cus i Yu p anqui a nd a d d ressed to

t he lic ent ia t e Cas t ro ( w ho w as Go v e rno r o f Peru fro m 1 564 t o 1 5 69 )
ha s b ee n unea rt h ed a nd will be publis hed .

285
286 T H E COLCA M PA TA

High a b o ve t he c i t y o f whi c h t here is a n ex t en

,

siv e vi e w b o und e d by t h e sno wy p e a k Of Vilc a fi o t a ,

a nd a t t he fo o t o f t h e pr e c ipi t o us asc e nt t o t h e

fo r t r ess is t h e sm a ll o p en sp a c e b e fo r e t he li t t le
,

c hur c h Of Sa n Cri st o v a l On t he n o r t h sid e

.

w a s t h e p a la c e On a t erra c e wi t h a st o ne r ev et
.

m ent o ne m a y st i ll see a w a ll b ui lt o f st o nes o f

,

va ri o us siz es fit t ing exa c t ly o ne int o t he o t her .

It is sev ent y fo ur y a rds lo ng a nd six t e en feet high

-
.

In t hi s w a ll t h er e a re e igh t r ec esses a t e qua l d is

t a nc es r esem b li ng d o o rw a y s
, T h ey are t o o shallo w
.

t o be use d fo r sh elt e r— o nly t w o a nd a h a lf inc h es .

T hey c o uld no t ha v e b e en use d a s d o o rs fo r t hi s ,

wa ll is a r evet ment One o nly is a d o o rwa y T hey

. .

a r e no t lik e ly t o ha v e b e en m er ely o r na ment a l .

I t hink t ha t t hese r ec esses c o nt a ine d sa c re d o r

r o ya l emb lems o f so m e kind The p o i nt is i nt er est
.

ing a s t h er e a re ex a c t ly t h e sa m e wa lls a t t h e p a lac es

,

o f C h i nc h er o Li m a t a m b o a nd Yuc a y
, ,
.

Th e t hird r e c ess fr o m t h e w est is a d o o rwa y

lea di ng t o a st eep na rr o w st a irc ase Ab o ve t here is .

a p la t fo r m ne w a m a iz e fi eld o n a lev e l wi t h t he
,
-
,

t o p o f t he r ec esse d wa ll o nc e a g a rd en lea di ng t o
,

a nd fr o nt i ng t he p a lac e i t se lf The r ema i ns Of t he

.

p a lac e are no w o f v ery sm a ll ex t ent T hey c o nsi st .

Of a w a ll o f a d mir a b ly w o rk e d m a so nry fo r t y fe e t

lo ng a nd t en a nd a ha lf fee t high The st o ne s a re .

b ea ut i fully c ut in p er fec t p ara llelo gra ms a ll o f t he ,

sa me height but v a ryi ng in leng t h fi t t i ng ex ac t ly ,

o ne t o t h e o t h er T he w a ll c o nt a i ns a d o o rwa y
.

a nd a wi nd o w T he sid es o f t he d o o rwa y supp o r t

.
 T H E COLCA M PA T A 287

a st o ne rly eight feet lo ng whi le a st o ne

lint e l n ea ,

o f S i m i la r leng t h fo r m s t h e d o o r st ep The wi nd o w .

is nea rly 6 ft fr o m t h e gr o und 2 ft 3 in br o a d

.
, . .
,

by 2 ft 8 in high T h e fo unda t i o ns a nd p a rt s o f
. . .

t h e w a ll c o nt i nue fo r 65 ft ; a n d b ehi n d t h er e a r e .

t hr ee t err ac e s p la nt e d wi t h frui t t r e es up t o t he ,

b a se o f t he st eep a sc ent o n t he summi t o f whi c h ,

t h e c i t a d el o nc e st o o d .

Th e p a la c e w as t h e w o rk o f t he grea t Inc a
Pa c h ac ut i a t t h e t i m e when he w a s r em o d e lling
t he wh o le c i t y 1
In i m a gin a t i o n w e c a n r eb uild
.

t he p a la c e fr o m t h ese r uins wi t h it s a ppr o ac h ,

t hr o ugh t h e r ev et m ent w a ll it s b e a ut i ful g a rd ens ,

a nd t err a c es it s lo ng fa ca d e o f ex a c t ly fi t t i ng
,

m aso nry a nd it s gr e a t h a ll whic h w e a re t o ld by

, ,

G arc ilasso w a s i nt ac t in his t i m e Pa c h a c ut i .

c a lle d it t h e Lla c t a a t a a nd d e sir e d t o be i nt err e d

p ,

t h er e . T he m o r e m o d ern t erm Co lc a mp a t a m a y
h a v e b een giv e n o wi ng t o gra na ri es ( co lca ) ha vi ng
b e en p la c e d t her e a t so me la t er t i m e .

H er e dw elt C a rlo s Inc a wi t h his wi fe Ma ri a d e

E squivel as t he he a d o f t he sec t i o n o f his fa mi ly
,

t ha t h a d sub m i t t e d t o t h e Sp a ni a rds H is r e la t i o ns .
,

driv en fr o m t h eir h o m es in t he c i t y liv ed in t h e ,

sub urb s a nd t h e neigh b o uri ng vi lla g es Th e Inc a .

rec eiv ed fr equent vi si t s fr o m t hem a nd a pp ea rs t o ,

h a v e h eld a so m ewh a t m ela nc h o ly c o ur t Ca rlo s .

w a s t h e d ep o si t a ry Of a gr ea t sec r e t B e t w e en t h e .

t i m e wh en t h e t r a nsmissi o n o f A t a hua lp a s r a nso m

’

1 It i t t ib ut d t t h m y t hi l M n
s a r e o C p
e Th m n y
ca a co ca ac . e aso r

a nd t yl
s f b uildi g h w t h i t b im p
e o n s o ib l s o e o ss e.
288 TH E G REA T T REA SURE
w as st o p p ed o wi ng t o his murd er a nd t he a rriva l
, ,

o f Piz a rr o a t C uz c o t he r e spi t e w a s e mp lo ye d in
,

sec r et ly c o nc ea li ng t h e v a st t r easur e st i ll r e m a i ni ng

in C uz c o a nd t he neighb o urh o o d wh i c h a m o unt e d ,

t o mi lli o ns It inc lude d t h e grea t g o ld en st a t ue

.

whi c h w as t h e H a a a ga i o f t he Inc a Hua yna Cc ap a c ,

a nd o f c o ur se w a s ne v e r fo un d It w a s v ery .

fo r t una t e for C a r lo s I nc a t ha t t h e Sp a ni a rd s did

no t kno w o f t he se c r et o r t h a t h e w as it s d ep o si t a ry
, .

It is sa id t h a t o n c e w h en his wi fe t a unt e d him wi t h

,

his p o v er t y C a rlo s le d h er und e r pr o m ise Of

, ,

sec r e c y b li nd fo ld t o t he sec r et p lac e a nd t o o k her

, ,

brea t h a w a y a t t he sight o f suc h va st t rea sur e .

H e h and e d t h e sec r et d o wn t o a suc c esso r wh en he

w ent i nt o exi le 1 .

1 T radit io n to ld by Felip e d e Po ma res . Squier ha d a co py of

t he MS . w ich h is in t he B it ish
r Museum.
My friend , t he Sefi o ra As t e t e d e B e nne t , w a s t he d a u g h te r of

b
Co lo nel Pa lo A st e t e o f Cuz c o , d esc end e d fro m t a t Mi uel A st e t e h g
w h o w e nt wit h
H e rna nd o Piz a rro t o Pa c a c a mac , a nd wro t e a n h
g p
int e rest in re o r t o f t h e e x edit io n p
Co lo nel A st e t e w as a frie nd
.

p
o f T u a c Am a ru, w h o ro se a ga inst t h e S a nia rd s in 17 8 2 , a nd o f p
t h e Ca c ique Pumac a gua , w h o ro se a ga ins t t em in 1 8 15 h .

My friend remem ered Pum aca gua as a V

h
w it a lo ng no se a nd ri t e es
but c o uld w rite it erfe c t l
b er s o r t o ld m a n, y h
b gh y H e c o uld a rdl s ea S a nis ,
. h y p k p h
p y
In 1815 h e w a s se e nt - se e n H e w a s
. v y v .

h
s o w n t h e im m ense c o nc e a led w ea l t o f t h e Inc a s h a n India n who by
h
ha d in erit e d t he se c re t Led up t he be d o f t he ri er H ua ta na y
. v
g
fo r a lo n dis t a nc e ,b
lindfo ld a nd in t he ni t , he sudd e nl fo un d gh y
h imself surro und ed by v
ases, c u s, p p
la t es, ingo t s, a nd rea t st a t ues , g
a ll o f p g
ur e o ld , in inc re di le ro fusio nb p H e o nl t o o w a t w a s
. y k h
y p p
urgent l ne ed e d t o e qui his t ro o s R e t ur nin t o Cuz c o , he w e nt
. g
h
s t ra ig t to Co lo ne l A s t et e s o us e
’
h
T he Seno ra A st et e to ld m e
.

h b
t a t sh e c o uld remem er his c o m in into t he ro o m w it g t he o ld , h g
a nd w e t t r o u h , gh
to re la t e h is a d e nt ur es v
H is c o nd uc to r w a s .

t he la st w ho k
ne w t h e se c r e t , fo r w e n Pum a c a gua w as h ill ed k
29 0 BA PT ISMA L F ET E

in t h e yea r The re were b ull fight s t o urna

15 7 1 .
,

m ent s a nd o t h er disp la ys in his h o no ur

,
.

A t ne a rly t h e sa m e t i m e t h e wi fe o f Do n Ca rlo s
Inc a g a v e bir t h t o a so n a nd heir a nd t he Vi c er o y ,

w as r e que st e d t o be g o d fa t he r t o t h e c hild a nd ,

c o mp a d re o r g o ssip t o it s p a r ent s H e c o nsent ed .

,

a nd t h e b a p t i sm a l c e r e m o ny t o o k p la c e in t h e

li t t le c hur c h o f Sa n Cri st o v a l T his e dific e is

.

b ui lt o f a nc i ent m a so nry a nd m ust o nc e ha ve b een

,

p a rt Of t he p a lac e The c hild r ec e iv e d t he names

.

o f C a r lo s M elc hi o r A ll t h e a ylla s o f t h e Inc a s

.

w ere pr esent a nd when t he c o m p a ny a dj o ur ned t o

,

t h e p a la c e t h er e w e r e r e j o i c i ngs d a nc es fir e w o rk s
, , ,

m a ny n ewly i nv ent e d a nd c o st ly c o nc eit s

’
a nd .

Th e Vi c er o y c a m e up t h e st a irc a se in t h e r ev e t m ent
w a ll i nt o t he ga rdens o f t h e p a lac e like a bird o f ,

e vi l o m en gua rd e d by h a lb e rdi e r s
,
H e is p o rt ra y e d
.

a s a sh o r t d a rk m a n o f fi ft y wi t h na rr o w fo r eh e a d
, ,

h a wk s n o se b la c k ey e s a nd a sa t urnine expr essi o n

’
.
, ,

H e w o uld ha v e b een in a b la c k v elv et suit wi t h ,

t h e gr e en c r o ss o f Alc a nt a r a e m br o id er e d o n his
d o ub let c ert a i nly a w et b la nket
— .

It is a lleg e d t h a t t h e I nc a Ti t u C usi Yup a nqui ,

wi t h his yo ung br o t h er T up a c Am a ru w as present ,

a nd mingle d a m o ng t h e c r o wd o f g uest s H e w as .

i mpr essed wi t h t he c er em o ny a nd so o n a ft erwa rd s

,

sent e nv o ys t o C uz c o t o r e quest t h a t p erso ns

migh t be sent t o hi m t o i nst ruc t him in t h e Chri st i a n
religi o n T w o fri a rs na m ed J ua n d e Viver o w ho
.
,

h a d b a p t i se d Sa yri T up ac a nd w a s Pri o r o f t he
August i ne c o nvent a nd Di ego Ort iz a lso o ne o f
, ,
 DEA T H OF T IT U CUSI 29 1

t he Aug ust i ne o rder w er e d esp a t c h e d wi t h t hr e e ,

la y m en a s c o mp a nio ns a nd a m e st iz o serv a nt ,

na m e d P a n d o D i eg o R o dr igue z d e Figuer o a a lso

.

c a m e a s C hi e f M a gi st r a t e a nd lea d e r o f t h e p a r t y ,

whi c h ent ere d t h e fa st nesses o f Vilc ap a mp a and

w as w ell r ec eiv e d R o dr igue z wr o t e a n a c c o unt
.

o f t h e missi o n wh i c h h a s b een pr eserv e d H e

,
.

d esc rib es ho w when c o ur t i ers ent ere d t o t he,

presenc e o f Ti t u C usi t h ey first did ma c ha o r ,

reverenc e t o t he sun a nd t hen t o t h e Inc a The .

Sp a nia rds use d a ll t he a r t s o f p ersuasi o n t h e y

.

p o ssesse d t o induc e Ti t u Cusi t o fo llo w t he exa mp le

o f his br o t h e r a nd surr end e r t o t he c o nque r o rs .

Thi s he wo uld no t d o H e t em p o ri sed a nd p ro .

c r ast ina t e d fo r S O lo ng t h a t t h e e m b a ssy r e t ur ne d .

Fri a r Ort iz a nd P a nd o rem a i ne d b ehind Th e .

Inc a h a d b een b a p t ised by F a t her Viv er o rec eivi ng ,

t h e n a m e o f F e lip e .

Then t he Inc a ha d a m o rt a l i llness P a nd o .

,

t he int erpr et er h a d t o ld w o nde r ful st o ri e s a b o ut

,

t h e mira c ulo us p o w ers o f t he Chr i st i a n pri e st s so ,

Fri a r Ort iz w a s o rdere d t o rest o r e t he Inc a t o

h e a lt h ; a nd h e b ega n t o sa y d a i ly m a sses Th e .

Inc a die d a nd a s t h e fault w a s na t ura lly supp o se d

,

t o be wi t h t h e pri est a nd his i nt erpr e t e r t h e y w er e ,

o deat h M ea nw h i le a n o t h er e m b a ssy w a s
1
p u t t .

It n d n t b b li v d t h t t h y w
1 ee o t tu d
e Wh m n k
e e e a e ere or re . en o s

h v t t t f m ty d m
a e o r ea o ami l p i lly in nn t i n
ar r o or a ra c e, es ec a co ec o

wit h t h i wn d
e r o n gg ti n i t
or wil d f
er , th m Th
o e xa era o s oo or e . er e

co ul d b “n vid
e o p t f m t h I di
e e nc e d t h y w ul d
e xc e ro e n a ns , an e o

n t h v p k unl und t h u i t i g p in f t t u
!

o a e s o en ess er e e xc r c a n a o or re

t h m lv
e se es .
29 2 E
A CC SSION OF T U PA C AM A RU
sent b efo r e t h e news o f t h e Inc a s d ea t h ha d ’

a rriv e d . T h e c h i e fs w er e t h o r o ughly a la rm e d a nd ,

wh en t h e env o y At i la no d e Ah a ya a t t e mp t e d t o
fo rc e a n ent r a nc e by t he bridge o f Chuqui c h a c a he -

a lso w a s
p u t t o d ea t h .

T he d ec ea se d I nca w a s j e a lo us o f h is yo ung er
br o t h er Tup ac Ama ru a nd c o nfined him in t h e
, ,

H o use o f t he Sun in a c c o rda nc e wi t h a n a nc i ent

,

usa ge k eepin g him sec lud e d o n t h e gr o un d o f h is

, ,

i ne xp eri enc e T up a c Am a ru w h o j udgin g fro m

.
, ,

t h e d a t e o f h is fa t h er s d ea t h m ust ha v e b e en a t
’

lea st t w ent y fi v e y e a r s o f a ge w a s a lr e a dy m a rri e d

-
,

a nd h a d t w o d a ugh t er s a nd a li t t le so n Aft er .

t h e d e a t h s o f Or t iz P a nd o a nd A fia ya t h e c h i efs
, , ,

br o ught Tup ac Am a ru o ut o f his sec lusi o n so t ha t ,

h e w a s no t r esp o nsib le fo r t h ese d ea t h s a nd w a s ,

i nd ee d p er fec t ly inno c ent H e w a s a c c la im e d a s .

So v er eign Inc a Th e lla a ta o r fri nge w a s p la c e d

.
, ,

o n his h ea d t h e a co lla o r m a nt le w a s fa st ene d

, y , ,

o v er his Sh o uld er s t h e c hip a na

, o r br a c ele t was , ,

c lasp e d r o un d h is wri st T hen t he a chili a a o r

.
,

p a ra so l w a s h eld o v er him while h e w a s invest ed

,

wi t h t h e t a mi o r kni fe c ha ga i o r la nc e ka a llca nca

, , , , ,

o r sh i eld , a nd usa t a o r sh o es
, Fina lly he w a s .

c arr ie d in t h e hua nt a o r li t t e r t o t h e t ia na o r t h r o ne
y , , , ,

a nd w a s so lem nly c r o wn e d wi t h t h e masc a a cka

p y ,

o r i m p e ri a l h ea d dr ess o v e r t h e llaa t a
-
, .

T he d ea t h s o f Or t iz a nd Pa nd o furni sh e d t h e
Vi c er o y T o le d o wi t h a n e xc use fo r t h e i nva si o n
a nd c o n quest o f Vilc a a m a H e a ssem b le d a s
p p .

la rge a fo r c e a s h e c o uld must er w hi c h w a s p lac ed ,

29 4 M URDER OF T U PA C AM A RU

G enera l Arbi et o w a s sa t ia t e d wit h t he sla ught er o f

una rm e d I ndia ns h e m a r c h e d b a c k t o Cuz c o wi t h
,

t h e Inc a T up a c Am a ru his fa mily a nd c hiefs a s , ,

pri so ner s T h ey dr esse d t h e yo ung so v er ei gn in

.

his imp eri al r o b es a nd h ea dg ea r p ut a r o p e r o un d ,

his nec k a nd SO br o ugh t him b efo r e T o le d o a

, ,

m o st igno ble t riump h D o n C a rlo s I nc a h a d b een

.

la w lessly driv en o ut o f t h e Co lc a mp a t a in o rd er
t o c o nv er t it i nt o a pri so n a nd h er e t h e I nc a w a s ,

c o nfi ne d T her e w a s a m o c k t ri a l pre sid e d o v er

.
,

by o ne o f T o le do s c r ea t ur es na m ed Ga bfiel d e
’

Lo ar t e w h o c o n d emn e d t h e I nc a t o be b eh e a d e d
,

a n d a ll his c h i e fs t o be h a ng e d Th e c h i efs w er e .

t o r t ur e d wit h suc h sa v a g e br ut a li t y t h a t t h e y
di ed in t h e st r eet s b efo r e t hey c o uld r ea c h t h e
ga llo ws a nd t h e ex ec ut i o ners ha d t o ha ng t he
,

d ea d b o di es .

Th e un fo r t una t e y o un g I nc a w a s b eset by m o nk s
in his pri so n a nd a t t h e end o f t w o d a y s h e w a s
, , ,

b ap t ised On t h e t hird d a y h e w a s led fo r t h

.

fr o m t h e Co lc amp a t a a n d t h r o ugh t h e st r eet s t o

,

t h e gr ea t squa r e a c c o mp a nied by fo ur pri est s o ne

, ,

b eing F a t h er Cri st o va l d e M o li na t h e Q uic hua ,

sc h o la r a nd a ut h o r Th e sc a ffo ld w a s b uilt in
.

fr o nt o f t h e c a t he dr a l T h e o p en sp a c es a nd
.

st r ee t s w er e d ensely c r o wd e d wi t h so rr o wi ng
I ndi a ns When t he I nc a a sc ende d t he sc a ffo ld
.

w i t h t h e pri est s t h e e x ec ut i o ne r a Ca fi ari I ndi an

, , ,

br o ught o ut t h e kni fe T h en wr o t e a n ey e
.
,
’

wi t ness t he wh o le c r o wd o f na t ives r a i sed such a

,
 M URDER OF T U PA C A MA RU 29 5

c ry o fgri ef t ha t it se em e d a s if t h e d a y o f j udgment
ha d c o m e Ma ny inv o ke d t h eir mo st v enera t e d
.
’

ha a ca a nd c ri e d o ut :
,

AY H UA N A CA UR I MA Y T A M R ICU Y SA PR A A U CA CH IC

CH OH A N A H UCH A Y OCT A CON CA Y Q U IT A IN CA P CU CH ON .

O H ua na c a uri ! b eh old w h ere t h e wic k ed an d c ruel

enemi es c ut t h e nec k Of t h e Inc a .

E v en t h e Sp a ni a rds w er e ho rrifi ed ,
fo r a ll k new
t ha t t h e y o ung man w as i nno c ent ,
an d ha d c om

m it t ed no Offenc e .

T hin gs b eing in t hi s st a t e a ll t h e c hi ef d igni ,

t a ri e s o f t h e C hur c h hur ri e d t o t h e Vi c er o y T hey .

were t he Bisho p o f P o p a ya n t h e Pr o vinc i a ls o f ,

a ll t h e r eligi o us o rd er s a nd t he R ec t o r Of t h e
,

Jesuit s T hey went do wn o n t h e ir knees a nd

.

e nt r ea t e d t h e r ut h le ss T o le d o t o Sh o w m e r c y a nd

sp a r e t h e li fe o f t h e I n c a T h e y ur g ed t ha t h e
.

sh o uld be sent t o Sp a i n t o be j udg e d by t h e Kin g

in p er so n But no pr a yer s c o uld pr ev a i l wi t h t he

.

o b st i na t e pi t iless ma n Jua n d e So t o , c hief

, .

Offic er o f t h e c o ur t w a s sent o n h o r se b a c k wi t h a
,

p o le t o c lea r t h e w a y ga llo ping fur i o usly a nd

,

riding d o wn t he p eo p le H e o rd er e d t h e Inc a s
.
’

hea d t o be c ut Off a t o nc e , in t h e nam e o f t he

Vi c er o y .

Tup ac Am a ru w a s t o ld t h a t t he t im e ha d c o m e .

H e t o o k o ne st e p fo rwa rd a nd r a i sed his righ t a rm .

Inst a nt ly t here w a s pr o fo und si lenc e H e t hen .

sa id in a lo ud v o i c e
296 F UN ERA L OF T U PA C A M A RU

CCOLLA N AN PA CH A CA M A C R IC U Y A U CCA CU N A C YA H U
’
A R N IY H ICH A SCA N C U T A .

O righ t eo us Go d ! b eho ld ho w my e ne mies sh e d my

b lo o d .
’
1

Ac c o rding pi c t ur e by Hua m a n P o m a t h e
t o t he ,

Inc a w a s t h en t hr o wn o n his b a c k his a rms a nd ,

le gs w er e h eld by t w o m en a n d a t hird c ut his ,

t hr o a t T he r e w as a gr ea t a nd bi t t er c ry fr o m
.

t h e v a st mult i t ud e T h e h ea d w as c ut Off a nd .
,

st uc k o n a p o le T he In c a s b o dy w a s c a rri e d t o
’
.

t h e h o use Of his m o t h e r t h e Q ueen Cusi Hua r c a y ,

,

A ll t h e b ells in t h e c i t y w er e t o lle d Ne x t d a y .

t h e b o dy w a s i nt err e d in t h e high c h a p e l o f t he
c a t h e dr a l t h e se rvi c e b e in g p er fo rm e d by t h e
,

c h a p t er P o nt ific a l ma ss w a s sa id by t he go o d
.

Bi sh o p o f P o p a ya n Next d a y a ll t he funera l .

h o no ur s w er e r ep ea t ed a nd t h e m a sses w er e sung ,

wi t h t h e o rga n .

T he I nc a s h ea d r em a i ne d o n a p o le in t h e
’

gr ea t squa r e M anc i o Serra d e Leguisa m o p assed

.

t h a t nigh t in a h o use t o t h e righ t o f t h e c a t h e dr a l .

H e a wo k e j ust b efo r e d a wn a nd t h o ught h e he a rd

Th
1 w ese t inly t h l t w d
er e c er af T up Am u th y e as or s o ac ar , as e

w e reh d d d w i t h f mily T w y wit

an e o n n h v t lde a . o e e- nesse s a e o

t he y
Ca t a in
st o r — p B
a l t a sa r d e Oc a m o , a nd Fria r G a riel d e p b
Ov ie d o , Prio r o f t he D
o m inic a ns a t Cuz c o T h e la t t e r c o uld no t .

hv h
a e e a rd w a t w as sa id , h e c a use h e h a d o ne wit b
t he o t ers g h h
t o int erc c d e w it t he ic ero h V
Oc a m o i es a c hildis s e ec y . p gv h p h
a bo ut his m o t h er h ving
a p ut a m a le di c t io n o n h er so n fo r
o nc e

so me na u g h t in e ss , a nd h o w t h e c ur se w as c o m in t rue H e ma y g .

h v a e t o ld a t a le of t he kind , but no t a t suc h a m o m e nt . v

O ied o
m a k e s him d e live r a n a d dr ess o n t h e fa ls e na t ur e O f id o l a t r y . h
T is
h h
m ig t a v e c o me fro m a m o n in a p ul p it but no t fro m a k , y o ung

ma n p re p a ring fo r d e a t h
H e c o uld no t sp ea Sp a nis
. k h .
29 8 T OL ED O TH E RE GICIDE
w h o w as d a ught er o f Fra nc i sc o Piza rr o by t he
Princ ess Ine z da ught er o f Hua yna Cc a p a c But
, .

b o t h t h e exi led b o ys die d yo un g .

Th e fo r lo rn li t t le girls M a gd a lena a nd Jua na

,

Tup a c Am a ru wer e kindly r ec eiv e d in t he h o use

,

o f D r Lo a sa t h e fir st Ar c hbi sh o p o f Lima w h o
.
y , ,

t o o k c h a rg e o f t h em Jua na ma rri ed t h e Cur a c a

.

o f Sur im a ni na m e d Co nd o r c a n qui fro m wh o m

, ,

d esc ende d t h e ill fa t ed J o se G a bri el Co nd o rca nqui

-
,

w h o t o o k t h e na m e o f T up a c Am a r u a nd h ea d e d
a ri si ng a ga i n st t h e Sp a nia rd s in 1 782 .

T h e inhum a n Vi c er o y w a s no t e v en y et sa t i sfi e d .

H e a im e d a t t h e e x t irp a t i o n o f ev ery br a nc h o f
t h e r o ya l fa mi ly o f P er u H e nex t d ec r ee d t he
.

b ani shm ent o f a ll t he m est iz o s t h o se brigh t a nd ,

h a ppy la d s w ho w er e t h e sc h o o lfello ws Of t he I nc a
Ga r c ila sso . A few ha ving t a ken o rders wer e
, ,

o v erlo o k e d T h e r est w er e sent t o p eri sh in t h e

.

sw a m p s o f D a ri e n o r t h e fr o z en wi ld s o f So ut h er n
,

Chile T hi s p er sec ut i o n o f t he m est iz o s w a s a s

.

st upid a s it w a s c r uel for e x c ellent servi c e might

,

ha v e b een go t fr o m t hem by a wi se a d mini st ra t o r .

T o led o r ema ined for six m o r e y ear s in P eru ,

m a ki ng a n a lm o st end le ss numb er o f la ws a nd
o rdi na nc es unt i l t h e y fi lle d a la rg e v o lum e
, T he y .

w er e w o r se t h a n useless fo r no a t t ent i o n w a s p a id
,

t o t h e fe w j ust a nd g o o d r ules a m o ng st t h em ,

whi le t he wi sd o m a nd st a t esm a nship o f t he ma j o ri t y

m a y be j udg ed fr o m a few sp ec i m ens t a k en a t
r a nd o m
A ny India n w ho m a k es friend ship w it h Ind ia n
‘
an
 T OL ED O TH E RE GICIDE 2 99

w o m a n w h o is infi d el, is t o rec eiv e o ne hund r ed la sh es,

an

fo r t h e fi rst o ffenc e, t ha t b eing t he p unishm ent t h ey di slik e

m o st .

India ns sha ll no l o nger use surna mes t a k en fro m t h e

m o o n, b ird s, a nim a ls, serp ent s, o r riv ers, w hic h t h ey
fo rm erly used .

N0 India n sha ll be elec t e d fo r a ny Offi c e w h o ha s b een

un ish ed for id o la t ry , w orship p ing hua ca s, d a nc ing ,
p
m o urni ng , o r singing in m em o ry o f infi d el rit es Offering ,

up c hic h a , c o ca , o r b urnt fa t , o r fo r d anc ing t h e d a nc e

c a lle d A yrili a a .
’

T o led o s t erm o f Offic e c a m e t o a n end in Sep

’

t emb er 1 581 a p eri o d o f nea rly t w elv e yea r s

, It .

w a s g ener a lly r ep o r t e d t h a t h e w a s r e c e iv e d wi t h
c o ldn ess by Kin g P hilip 11 w h o t o ld h im t h a t h e ,

w a s no t sent o ut t o ki ll Ki ng s but t o serv e Ki ng s .

Hua ma n Po ma d ep ic t s t h e r et ire d Vi c er o y si t t i ng
‘

in a c h a ir in a st a t e Of e xt r em e d esp o nd enc y T his .

r ep o rt w o uld be v ery sa t isfa c t o ry if t rue B ut .

t her e is so m e ev id enc e t h a t T o le d o s g en er a l p o li c y
’

w a s a ppr o v e d a lt h o ugh fa ult m a y ha v e b ee n fo un d

,

wit h so m e o f t h e d et a ils .

T her e c a n be no d o ub t Of t h e disa st r o us r esult s

o f t h e rut hless a d mi ni st r a t i o n o f suc h m en a s

T o led o a nd o f t h e Sp a ni sh rule T h e la st sur viv o r

, .

o f t h e o rigi na l c o n quer o r s h a s giv e n hi s t est i m o n y

wi t h no unc er t a in so und M an c i o Serra d e L egui

.

sa m o signe d his wi ll a t Cuz c o o n Sep t e m b e r 18 ,

1 5 89 wi t h t he fo llo wing pr ea m b le
,

First ,
a ndb efo re I b egin my t est a m ent I d ecla re
,

t h a t for m a ny y e a rs I h a v e d esir e d t o t a k e o r d er fo r in
forming t he Ca t ho lic a nd R o y a l M a j est y o f t h e King Do n
300 WILL OF T H E LA ST

F elip e o ur Lo rd ,
seeing m o st Christ ia n
h o w Ca t h o lic a nd

h e is a nd h o w z ea lo us fo r t h e serv ic e o f Go d o ur Lo r d
, ,

t o uc hing w h a t is nee d ed for t h e h e alt h Of my so ul seeing ,

t ha t I t o o k a gr e a t p a rt in t h e disc o v ery c o nq ue st a nd , ,

s et t lem ent o f t h e se kingd o ms w h en w e dr o v e o ut t h o se w h o

,

w ere t h e Lo r d s Inc a s a nd w h o p o ssesse d a nd rule d t h em

a s t h eir o w n We p la c ed t h em und er t he ro yal c ro wn a nd
.
,

his Ca t h o lic Ma j est y sh o ul d und erst a nd t h a t w e fo und

t he se kingd o m s in suc h o rd er, a nd t he sa id Incas go v erne d
t h em in suc h wise t h a t t hro ugh o ut t h em t h ere w a s no t
a t hie f, no r m a n no r a n a d ult er ess no r w a s a
a v icio us , ,

ba d w o ma n a d mit t e d a m o ng t hem no r w ere t h ere im m o ra l ,

eo p l e Th e m en h a d h o nest a nd useful o cc u a t io ns
p .
p .

T h e la nd s forest s mines p ast ures h o uses a nd a ll kind s

, , , , ,

o f p ro d uc t s w er e regula t e d a nd dist rib ut e d in suc h s o rt

t h a t eac h o ne k n ew his p rop ert y wit ho ut a ny o t h er p erso n

i i g o r o c c up ying it , no r w ere t h ere la w suit s resp ec t ing
se z n

it . T h e Op era t io ns o f w ar , t h o ugh t hey w ere num ero us,

nev er int erfere d w it h t h e int er est s of co mm erc e no r wit h

a gric ult ur e All t hings fro m t h e grea t est t o t he m o st

.

m inut e ha d t h eir p rop er p la c e a nd o rd er T he Inc as w ere .

fea r ed , b ey ed a nd resp ec t ed by t heir subj ec t s a s m en

o ,

v ery c ap a b le a nd w ell v ersed in t h e a rt o f g o v ernm e nt .

A s in t h ese rul ers w e fo und t he p o w er a nd c o mm a nd a s

w ell a s t h e resist a nc e w e subj uga t ed t h em fo r t h e ser v ic e
,

o f G o d o ur Lo rd t o o k a w a y t h eir la nd a nd la c e d it und e r
, p ,

t h e r o ya l c ro w n a nd it w as ne c essa ry t o d ep riv e t he m
,

e nt irely o f
p o w er a nd c o m ma nd for w e ha d seiz e d t h eir ,

g o o d s by fo rc e o f a rm s By t he int er v ent io n o f o ur Lo rd
.

it w a s p o ssib le fo r us t o subd ue t h ese kingd o m s c o nt a ining

suc h a m ult it ud e Of e o p le a nd suc h ric h es a nd o f t h eir
p ,

l o rd s w e m a d e o ur ser v a nt s a nd subj e c t s .

A s is see n a nd a s I wish y o ur Ma j est y t o und erst a nd

, ,

t h e m o t iv e w hic h o b liges m e t o m a k e t his st a t ement is t h e

d isc ha rge o f my c o nsc ienc e a s I fi nd myself g uilt y Fo r
,
.
30 2 WILL OF T H E LA ST CONQUER OR

my sh are w a s w o rt h p esos Ye t I di e p o o r a nd
.

wit h ma ny c hil dr e n . I b eseech v o ur Ma j est y t o ha v e

p y
i t h em , a nd Go d t o h a v e p it y my so ul .
’
t on on

rec e pt a c le at v l o f t he R ymi nd t he o p ening w as

t he fe st i a a , a

co v ered wit h a p l t e o f g o ld o n w hic h t h

a un w ved It w e s as c ar . as

t his m ll g ld sun t h t Le guis mo g a m b l d w y in

s a o a a sing l nig h t e a a a e .

But h e n v to uc h ed
e er c d g in m
a i d n In
ar ap inc es nd
a , arr e a ca r s, a

b c me m o st p c t a bl ffi i l in t h muni ip lit y o f t h it y
e a a res e e o c a e c a e c

o f Cuz c o S .Liz ee g p 34 8
a rr a a, . .
 A P P EN D IX A

N OTE ON T H E CH APTER ON TH E
LIST OF K IN G S

B R IEF sk et c hes o f t he liv es o f Bla s Va lera a nd Mo nt esino s

a e g
r iv en in m y int ro d uc t o r y c h a
p t er 1 T h e c r edi t o f t h e .

list o f kings rest s m a inly o n t he c o rr ec t ness o f t h e v iew

ta k en of t he w o r ks of Va lera . It is c ert a in t ha t h e w ro t e
a Hist o ry o f P eru in La t in
‘
Ga r cilasso d e la Vega t ells
.

us t ha t t h e m a nusc rip t w a s inj ure d d uring t h e sa c k o f

Ca diz by t h e Earl o f Essex in 15 96 It w a s giv en t o .

Ga r c ilasso in a mut ila t e d st a t e , a c c o rding t o him He .

quo t es v ery largely fr o m it , but a lw a ys ac kno w ledges

his bliga t io n
O ,
a nd
giv es high p ra ise t o t h e a ut h o r . We
learn fro m t h e bib lio grap hers Leo n Pinelo a nd A nt o ni o
t ha t B la s Valera a lso w ro t e a w or k on t he c ust o m s a nd
p a c ifi c a t io n Of t h e In ia ns d . In 1 87 9 Do n Ma rc o s Jimenez
d e la Esp a d a edit e d a v a lua ble w o rk o n t he sa m e su bj ec t
fro m a ma nusc rip t a t M a d rid c a llin t he a ut h o r t he
g ,

ym o us Jesuit Dr Go nz alez d e la R o sa has sinc e

a no n .
’
.

ro v e d ( R evista H istor ica d e Lima I I rim ii

p t t p 1 84 ) , . . . . .

t ha t t h e a no nym o us J esuit w a s B la s Va lera Th at high .

a ut h o rit y w a s a lso t h e a ut h o r o f a Vo c a b ula rio H ist o ric o

d el P eru w hic h w a s b ro ugh t fro m Ca di z t o Chuq ui a p u
’
-
,

( La P a z
) in 1 6 0 4 by t h
, e P r o c ur a t o r o f t he J esuit s ,

1 T e ll ers of t h e St o r y pp,
’
. 1 1 t o 14 .
30 3
 304 NOT E ON T H E LIST OF K ING S

P . Diego T orres . A t La Pa z it w a s c o nsult e d by Oliv a ,

t he a ut h o r o f Va ro nes illust r es d e la Co mp a nia d e J esus

Peru Oliv a st a t es t h a t B l as Va lera w ro t e it
’
en el . .

M o nt esino s w as p ro b a b ly a ll o w e d to m a ke a co
p y
by t he J esuit s
La Pa z H e a p p rop ria t e d t h e list
at .

Wit h o ut a ny a c kn o w l e d gm e nt T h e o rigina l MS is lo st . . .

T he p ro o fs t h a t B la s Va lera knew t he list a nd t ha t h e ,

was i d ent ic al wit h t h e a no n ym o us J esuit ,

are sa t isfa c t or y .

Va lera (in Garc ilasso ) m ent io ns o ne o f t he kings in t h e

list ,
na m el y , Cap a c R a ymi A ma ut a . T he a no n ym o us
Jesuit m ent io ns Pa c h a c ut i VIII T his is a p ro o f t ha t .

M o nt esino s m er ely c o p ie d t h e list w hic h w a s m a d e by ,

a n a ut h or l o ng b efo re his t im e a nd d eriv e d fr o m A M A U T A S ,

t w o gen era t io ns a t l ea st o l d er t h a n a ny na t iv es t h a t h e
k new A no t h er p ro o f t hat B la s Va lera w a s t he a ut ho r
.

o f t h e list is furnish e d by t h e fa c t t h a t t h e a c c o unt o f t h e

c a le nd ar in M o nt esino s is t h e sa m e a s t ha t giv en by B la s

Va lera ,
as q uo t e d by Garc ila sso T h e a no nym o us J esuit
.

m ent io ns mi R ay as t h e t hirt y nint h king a nd t he Inc a

-
,

Pa c ha c ut i a s t h e nint h o f t h a t na m e Al so t he na m es .

Pirna Illa Tic i Uira c o c ha a nd Pa c a ri Ma nc o a re t h e

, ,
-
,

sa m e in M o nt esino s a nd in t h e a no nym o us J esuit a nd ,

no w h ere else T h e d a t e o f t h e w ork Of t h e la t t er is sho wn

.

t o be 1591 b ec a use h e sa ys t h at w h en h e w r o t e it w as
,

t w elv e y ea rs sin c e t h e J e suit s h a d a missio n a t Cha c ha p o y as .

Oliv a st a t es t ha t t h e J esuit s left t h a t missio n in 1 57 9 .

An o t her p ro o f o f t h e id ent it y is t ha t t he a no nymo us

J esuit a nd Valera ( in Ga rc ila sso ) b o t h d eny t he st at ement
of P0 10 d e Ond ega rd o resp ec t ing huma n fi
sa c ri c es , in
al m o st t h e m e w o rd s
sa .

It seem s t o m e fo r t hese rea so ns t o be est a b lishe d t ha t

, ,

B la s Va lera w a s t he a no ny m o us Jesuit a nd t ha t he Ob ,

t a ined t h e list o f kings fro m t h e A M A UT A S o f a n e a rly

g e nera t io n , w hic h w a s c o p ie d a nd a
p p ro p ria t e d , wit h o ut
ac k no w led gm ent ,
m a ny y ea rs a ft e rw ar ds .
30 6 LIST OF K INGS

We may w ish M o nt esino s ha d giv en us t h e

t ha t
una d ul t era t e d list wit h p rop er a c k no w le d gments y e t a ,

t rib ut e o f t ha nk s is d ue t o his m em o ry fo r ha v ing

p reserved it e v en in it s p resent form .

OLD KIN G S OF PER U

Fro m the List o f M o ntesinos

( A v er age 27 )

Re ign .

1300
PIR UA PA CA R I MA N CO 30
MA N CO CA PA C I 30
H UA N A CA UR I PIR UA 50
1 000 car s fro m SIN CH I COZ Q UE
the el ug e.
PA CH A CUT I I 60
IN T I CA PA C YU PA NQ UI 50
MA N CO CA P A C II 20
T UP A C CA PA C
T IN I CA PA C Y UP A NQ UI
T IT U CA P A C YU P A NQ UI
IN TI CA PA C PIR UA
A M A RU
CA P A C SA Y H UA CA P A C 60
CA P A C T IN IA YU PA NQ UI 40
A Y A R TA CCO CA P A C 25
H UA S CA R T IT U 30
Q UIS PI T IT U
T IT U Y U PA NQ UI
PA CH A CUT I II
T IT U CA PA O 25
PA ULLU T ICA C PIR UA 30

18 Pirna s .
 LIST OF K INGS 307

OLD KIN GS OF PER U— co ntinued .

Re ign . Age .

LLOQ UE T U PA C A MA UT A 50
CA Y O MA N CO A M A UTA 90
H UA S CA R TIT U T U PA C 23 75
MA N CO CA PA C A M A UT A 50 80
T ICA C T U PA C 30
PA ULLU T OT O CA PA C 39
CA YO MA N CO A M A UT A 30
MA R A S CO PA CH A CUT I
III
PA ULLU A T A U CH I CA P A C
LLOQ UE YU PA NQ UI
LLOQ UE TICA C
CA P A C Y U PA NQ UI
T UP A C Y U P A NQ UI
A U Q UI T U P A C
PA CH A CUT I IV
XXXIII . SIN CH I A PUS Q U I, a lso
c a ll e d H UA R M A U
IR A

COCH A 40 80
Q
A U Q UI UIT U A T A U CH I 5 29
A YA R MA N CO 60
U IR A COCH A CA P A C 5
R
SIN CH I OCA A M A UT A 20
T U PA C A M A R U A MA U TA 25
CA PA C R A YM I A M A UT A 1
ILLA T U P A C
T UP A C A M A R U
H UA N A CA UR I 4
T o m COR CA A PU CA PA C 45
H UA M PA R SA Y R I T UPA C 32
2000 y ear s fr om H INA C H UI LLA A M A UT A
D
t h e el ug e
.

PA CH A CUTI V
XLVI . CA PA C Y UP A NQ UI

1 M e nt io ne d b y Bl Vas a l era a nd Oliv a .

2 M ent io ned b y Oliv a.

308 LIST OF K ING S

OLD KIN GS OF P ER U— co ntinued.

Re ig n .

H UA M PA R SA Y R I T U PA C
CA Y O MA N CO A U Q UI
H IN A C H UILLU
IN T I CA P A C A M A UT A
A YA R MA N CO CA PA C
YA H UA R H UQUIZ
CA P A C T IT U YUP A NQ U I
T U PA C CUR I A MA UT A 39
H UILLCA N OTA A M A UT A
T U PA C Y U P A N Q UI 43
ILLA T U PA C CA P A C , 4
T IT U R A Y M I COZ Q UE 31
H UQ UI NINA A U Q U I 43
290 0 y ear s a ft er
D MA N CO CA PA C 23
t h e el ug e , 1 A D.
CA Y O MA N CO CA PA C
.

( reall y 230 A D )
. . 26
SIN CH I A YA R MA N CO 7
H UAM A N T A ec o A MA UT A 5
3000 ears fro m T IT U Y U PAN Q U I
the el ug e .
PA CHA CUTI VI

4 6 A ma utas .

KIN G S OF TA M P U -
T OCCO

Deca dence .

Re ign . A ge .

TIT U H UA M A N UICH O Q
COZ Q UE H UA M A N T IT U
CUIs MA N CO 1
H U ILLCA T IT U
SA Y R I T U P A C
( 1)
T U PA C YUPA NQ UI
H UA Y N A T U PA C

1 Ment io ned by Oliv a .

310 T H E INCA S OF P ERU

CA P A C Y UP A NQ UI
SIN CH I R OCCA
YA H U A R H UA CA C MA YT A Y UP A NQ UI
H UIR A COCH A T UP A C -
Y UP A NQ UI ( o mits PA CH A CUT I)
T U P A C U P A NQ UI
Y
H UA IN A CA P A C ( IN T I CU S I H UA LP A )
H UA S CA R IN T I ( CUS I H UA LP A YU PA NQ UI)
T he l eng t hs of t he r eigns o f 65 of t he Old k ings a re

g iv en , 2 6 no t giv en .
 A P P E N D IX B

N OTE ON TH E N AMES Q UICH UA AND A Y MA R A

T H E di a lec t s st ill exist ing , to so m e e xt ent , a t t h e t im e of

t he Sp a nish c o nquest , b esid es t he sep ara t e Mo c hic a

la ngua ge o n t h e c o a st , w ere t h e sp e ec h use d in t h e no rt h ern !

ar t o f t h e e m ir e o f t h e Inc a s c a ll e d Chinc ha y—suyu,

p p
fli
,

di er n
g v ery slight ly fro m t h e R una simi a nd t h e Ca uq u -
i , ,

a form o f t h e Chinc h a y suyu sp o k en by t h e m o unt a ine ers

-
,

o f Y a uy o s . In t h e Co lla suyu a la ngua ge w a s sp o k en

-

w hic h w as m o re d ist inc t it s d ec lining a nd c o nj uga t ing

,

art ic les differing fro m t h o se o f t h e genera l la ngua g e but

p ,

it c o nt a ined a grea t num b er o f ro o t s w hic h w ere t h e sa me .

A w il d a q ua t ic t rib e liv ing o n fi sh a m o ng t h e ree d s in

,

t he so ut h w est a ngl e o f La k e T it ic a c a sp o k e a dia le c t

-
,

c a lle d Puq u i na .

T h e Sp a nish a dminist ra t o rs esp ec ia lly t h e p riest s

, ,

a t o n c e sa w t h e imp o rt a nc e o f a c q uiring a k n o w l e d g e o f

t he highly c ult iv a t e d R U N A SIM I o r genera l la ngua ge

-
, ,

b efo re t urning t heir a t t ent io n t o t h e dialec t s Se v eral .

Sp a nish so ldi ers st udi e d a nd m a st ere d t h e la ngua g e in ,

c ludi n Jua n d e B et a nz o s husba nd o f A t a hua l a s d a u h t er

’

g , p g ,

a nd t h e o nly S a nish la
p y Q uic h ua sc h o l a r w h o s e w r it in s
g
ha v e rea c h e d us . T o t he p riest s so m e o f w h o m w er e,

b urning wit h imp a t ienc e fo r t h e m ea ns o f t ea ching t he

na t iv es t h e t enet s o f t h eir Churc h it w a s a m a t t er o f grea t er
,

imp o rt a nc e . One o f t h eir first d ut ies a s t h ey und erst o o d ,

t h em w a s t o m a k e t h e l a ngua ge a cc essib le t o t h eir fell o w

,

31 1
312 NA M E QU ICH UA
rie st s. v ery fir st t o und ert a k e t h e t a sk w a s a
T he
p
D o minic a n fr iar nam e d D o mingo d e Sa nt o T o ma s H is .

na m e o c c ur s se v era l t im es in t h e st o ry o f t h e c o n uest
q .

H e w a s a n ind efa t iga b le in q uir er a nd t ra v eller e v en

st udying t h e difl
,

i c ult Mo c hic a la ngua ge a nd fo unding a

m o nast ery in t he c o a st regio n o f t h e Chimu Sa nt o T o m as .

e v ent ua ll y b ec a m e B ish o o f La Pla t a

p .

T his w o rt hy D o minic a n w a s t h e fi rst t o c o nst ruc t a

gra mm a r of t he R una sim i -
,
or g e ne ra l la ngua ge of Peru,
w hi c h w a s p u lish e b d at Va lla d o lid in 15 60 . A se c o n d
e di t io n a p p e a r e at d Lim a in Sa nt o T o ma s in ,

his t it le p a ge , c a lls t h e R una —sim i

-
t h e g en era l lan gua ge
Of t h e Ind ia ns o f t h e king d o m Of Peru, giv es it t h e
’
a nd

na m e o f Quichua . But h e d o es no t inform his r ea d ers o f

t he r ea so n fo r giv ing it t ha t na m e .

T he Quichua s fo rm e d a gro up Of a ylla s or v illa g e

co mm unit ies in t h e v a lley o f t h e Pa c h a c h a c a We k no w .

t h e a rea w hic h t his gro up o c c up ied wit h a fa ir a m o unt

o f exa c t ness b ec a use p la c es t he p o sit io ns o f w hic h a re
, ,

fix e d , are m ent io ned by Sa rmient o a nd o t hers in rela t ing ,

t he c o urse o f t h e Inc a s
’
c on quest s ,
as b eing in t he t errit o ry
Of t he Quic hua s . This Quich ua p ro v inc e is sm a ll a s
co mp are d wit h t h e a rea o v er
w hic h t h e general la ngua ge
was s
p o k en ,
nor w a s it o f muc h imp o rt a nc e It is, t h ere .

fo r e , an inapp ro p ria t e na m e fo r t h e genera l la ngua g e o f t h e

Inc a s . It c a n o nl y be sup p o se d t ha t t he na m e w a s giv en
by Sa nt o T o ma s b eca use it w a s in t h e Quichua p ro v inc e

t ha t he st u died t h e l a ngua ge .
2 So m e na m e w a s ne e e d d ,

a nd t ha t fi rst giv en by Sa nt o T o m a s w a s a d o t e d by
p
su seb q uent gra mm aria ns . T h e J esuit s w ho , c am e to
P eru so m e y yea rs a ft er t h e D o minic a ns d e v o t ed
t hirt ,

t h em sel v es t o t h e st udy o f t h e la ngua ges D iego Go nz a lez .

1 A p int w pub li h d t L ip ig in 18 9 1
re r as s e a e z .

2 M i d e iv es t h n m f o m Q h
o ss r iy t o t w i t ro p e ;
e a e r nd ae aar , s a

Ycha , g rass .
314 NA M E A YM A R A

A yma ra ha v ing b e en giv en t o t h em It is, t herefo re , .

q uit e c ert a in t h a t t h e na m e Of A ym ara w a s a b so lut ely

unk no w n in Co ll a yu eit h er b efo re t h e Sp a nish c o nquest
-
su ,

o r fo r a t lea st fo rt y y ea rs a ft er t ha t e v ent .

Whenc e t hen c o mes t h e nam e Of A ym a ra 2 T he

, ,

a nsw er is q uit e c o n cl usiv e It is t h e na m e o f a sma ll

.

p ro v inc e o n t h e upp er w a t ers o f t h e Pa c h a c hac a riv er ,

b ord ering o n t h e Q uichuas Th ese A ymara s w ere a .

Q uichua t rib e w h olly unc o nnec t e d wit h Colla suy u a nd -

t h e b asin o f La k e Tit ic a c a T his is quit e c er t a in a nd is

.
,

p r o v e d in t h e sa m e w a
y a s t h e p o sit io n o f t h e Q ui c hua s is
ro v ed P la c es are m e nt io n e d in t h e c o ur se o f t h e In ca
p .
,

c o n q uest s in Cunt i suyu w hic h w ere sa id t o b elo n t

g o
-
,

t h e A ym ara s t h en a nd w hic h a re no w a c t ua lly in A yma ras

, ,

w hi c h is a p r o v inc e in t h e d ep a rt m ent Of Cuz c o .

The w o rd is fro m A Y MA a h ar v est so ng in t h e g eneral

, ,

la ngua ge w hic h t h e Sp a nish gra mm a ria ns c a lle d Q uic hua .

Fro m t h e sa m e ro o t c o m es A Y M A R A Y , t he ha rv est m o nt h
I ga t h er t he ha r v est
’
a nd A Y M UR A N I, .

T h e q uest io n a rises, why sho uld t he p riest s w h o fi rst

learnt t h e Co lla l angua ge ha v e giv en t his nam e o f A ym ara ,
t hat of a
p urely Q uichua t rib e , t o t h e la ngua ge of t he
Lup ac a s w hic h t h ey w ere diligent ly learning 2 T h e exp la na
t io n is p erh ap s t o be fo und by a referenc e t o t h e w o rk
o f F ra y A lo nz o R a m o s Ga v ila n ub lish ed in 1620 a nd
p ,

g iv in
g a hi s t o ry o f t h e c h ur c h o f C o p a c a b a na ,
1 near J uli .

T he grea t Inc a T up a c Yup a n q ui h a v ing c o nc eiv e d a ,

d e v o t io n t o t he Tit ic a c a my t h d et ermined t o erec t a p a la c e

,

o n o ne of t he isla nd s of t h e la ke . R a m o s t ells us t ha t
h e t ra nsferre d a l a rg e b o dy of mit ima es ,
o r c o lo nist s, fro m
t h e p ro v inc es o f Cunt i suy u, t h a t is t h e v a lle
-
of t he y
b
A p urima c a nd it s t ri ut a ries, t o t he p ro v inc es o f Co lla su u -
y .

1
g
T he A u us t ine mo n k s had c h g ar e Of t he sa nc t uar y of Co p ace

b a na fro m 1 5 89 t o 18 2 6 . A full a c c o un t o f it a nd it s im a g es is
gi ve n b y t h e g
A u us t inia n c h ro nic le r Ca la nc h a, as w ell as by R a m o s.
 NA M E A YM A RA 315

H e giv es a list o f t h e t rib es so t ra nsferre d , a nd a m o ng t hem

w ere t h e A ym a ra s T h ese A ym ara s, a c c o rdi ng t o B la s
.

Va lera w ere set t le d a t J uli

,
T h ey h a d b een t h ere .

fo r t hree genera t io ns T h e p riest s w o uld lea rn t h e

.

la ngua ge oft h e Lup a c as, t he o rigina l inha it a nt s, fr o m b

t h em , int ermingle d
wit h a gr ea t num er o f uichua b Q
ds
w or . This is a c t ua ll y w ha t ap
p ears t o h a v e ha pp ened .

Finding t ha t t h e la ngua ge of t he Lup a ca s w a s p ra c t ic a lly

t he sa m e a s t ha t s
po k en by t he Co ll a s Pa c a sa s , ,
a nd o t h er

t rib es of t he b a sin o f La k e T it ic a c a a g en eric ,

na m e w as

re quired fo r t h e w ho le gro up , a nd t he w o rd A ymara

w as a d o t e d , b eing t h e na m e o f t h e mit ima es w it h w h o m
p
t h e p rie st s w ere a sso c ia t e d at Juli . T his w o ul d e xp lain
t he p uz z le .

T he w o rd A y m ara , as ap
p lie d t o t h e la ngua g e of

Co lla suyu,
-
fi rst o c c ur s in We fi nd it a
ga in in a

D o c t rina Christ ia na ,
’

p u b
lish e d in 1 583, but a
pp lie d
t o t he la ngua ge , n o t t o t h e p eop le T h e w o r d wa s no t .

a
pp lie d t o t h e eo
p p l e u nt il m a ny y ea rs a ft erw ar d s T h e .

Jesuit s ha d set t le d at Juli in b o ut 157 6 T heir nam e

a .

fo r t h e la ngua ge app ears to ha v e b e en a d o p t e d by o t hers ,

a s so o n as t he Jesuit s b ega n t o use it . G a rc ila sso d e la

Vega m ent io ns it o nc e , referring t o t he la ngua ge : so d o es
H ua m an Po m a . M o rua m ent io ns it t w ic e, writ ing in
15 9 0 , a
pp l ie d t o t h e l a n u
g g
a e ,
but nev er t o t h e p eo pl e .

T he It a lia n Jesuit
Lud ov ic o B ert o ni o , c o mp o sed a
,

gra m m ar a nd dic t io na ry o f t h e Lup a c a la ngua ge fo r

w hi ch his c o llea gue s a t Juli h a d a d o p t e d t h e na m e o f
A ym ara It w as p ub lish ed a t R o m e in 160 3 A se c o nd
. .

e dit io n w a s issue d fr o m t h e Juli

p ress in D ieg o d e

T o rres R ub io p ub lish e d a gra mm ar a nd v o c a b ula ry o f t h e

sam e la n ua e in 1616
g g .

A n exa mina t io n o f t h e B ert o nio dict io nary eit her

1 In T it . xv . p
Ordena nz a s del Peru B a llestero s ( Lima ,
. 84 of .

2 R e p rint ed a t Leip z ig in 1 87 9 .
316 NA M E A YM A R A

sh o w s t he e xt ent
t o w hi c h t he genera l la ngua ge ha d b e en
ma d e t o p re v a il in Co lla suy u, o r else t ha t t h e la ngua ge -

o f t h e Co llas a nd Lup a c a s wa s m erely a dia lec t My .

c o nc lusio n is t h a t it w a s origina ll y t he dist inc t la ngua ge

o f t ri esb living in t h e r egio n w hi c h w as o nc e t he c ent r e o f t h e

gr ea t m egalit hic emp ire It is j ust a s t he A ra b s no w.

e nc a mp a m o ng t h e ruins o f B a by l o n a nd t h e K urd s ,

b uild hut s wit hin t h e w alls o f Ec b a t a na T he a uxiliary .

v erb in t he Co lla suyu la ngua ge has t he sam e ro o t ca n

-
, ,

a s in t h e g enera l la ngua g e but t h e p a rt ic les fo rmi ng t h e

d eclinat io ns o f no uns a nd c o nj uga t io ns o f verb s a re
different T he first p erso n singula r indic a t iv e e nd s in
.

Ni in t h e genera l la ngua ge in T ha in t h e la ngua ge o f Co lla ,

suyu .F o ur o f t h e Co lla num era ls a r e b o rro w e d fro m t he

a l la n ua e t h e r est b ey o n d six b eing c o m o und
n 1
g e er
g g , p , ,
.

It m a y be a ssum e d j ud ging fro m t h e d ic t io na ries o f

,

B ert o nio a nd T o rres R ubio t ha t t he ext ensio n o f t he ,

G eneral G e neral
La nguag e . Oo l l a . Lang uag e . Ce lia .

1
1 , H ue Ma y a 6, S o c t a So c t a
2 , Isc a y Pa y a 7 , Ca nc is h , Pa All c o
3, Q uim sa Quim sa 8 , Pussa c Quimsa Al lco
4 , T t a hua Pus i 9 , Ysc un Ll a lla T unc a
5 , Pic h c a Pic h c a h
1 0 , C unc a . Tunc a
T hree a nd m issin g , but w e m a y a ssum e t a t t e o nc e
fiv e are h hy
e xist ed in t h e Co lla la ng ua g e , fo r t h e Co ll as must a v e c o unt ed h
a t l eas t t o
fiv e, t he n g ers a nd t um o f o ne a nd T hree, five,
fi h b h .

o rro w ed fro m t h e g e nera l la ng ua g e in B e r t o nio s

b ’
a nd six w ere

dic t io nar y
T h e Co lla w o rd fo r t r e e is lo st
. S ev en, eight, a nd h .

nin e a re c o m p o und w o rd s, sev en a nd eight wit t h e w o rd A llc o h .

by
Po ssi l A llc o w a s t h e Co ll a fiv e T en w e a v e . h h
M a a Allc o y 6 5 l So c t a
Pa a All c o y
Q uimsa A llc o 8 5 3 .

Pus i All c o
All c o A ll c o 10 5 5 T unc a o r C unc a h
y
T h e t ri es o f Co ll a -su u m a d e p ro gress in c ivilisa t io n a ft er t he
b
Inc a co nquest , a nd o f c o urse re quire d a mo re c o mp le t e s st em Of y
nume ra t io n .
 A P P E N D IX C

NOTE ON TH E A R CH ITECT UR E AND AR T S

OF TH E IN CA S

TH E a rc hit ec t ur e o f t h e Incas h a s b een so w ell d escrib ed by

my friend Squi er 1 t ha t a c hap t er o n
o ld t ha t subj ec t is
su erfl uo us I sho uld no t a dv ise a ny o ne t o go elsew h ere ,
p .

exc e t t o t h e Old w rit ers a nd t o Seife r La rra bure y Una nue

p ,

who is ys a c cur a t e fo r a n a c c o unt o f a ny ruins w hic h

a lw a ,

Sq ui er ha s d esc rib e d b ec a use his a c c o unt will be fo un d t o

,

be inc o mp ara b ly t he b est I c a n sp ea k wit h so m e a ut ho rit y

.
,

bec auseZ I h a v e p erso nall y v isit e d a nd examined m o st o f

t he ruins w hi ch enga ged Squier s a t t ent io n
’
.

A t t he sa me t im e t he rea d er must be w a rne d no t t o

rely u o n Sq uier s referenc es t o hist ory H e is a lm o st
’

p .

a lw a ys ina c c ura t e a nd so m et im es uit e w ro ng F o r he

, q .

dip p ed int o ea rly w rit ers t o illust ra t e his a c c o unt s o f t h e

ru ins . H e did no t use his k no w le dge o f t h e ruins t o t hro w
light o n a t ho ro ugh st udy o f t h e e arly w rit ers .

I p ro p o se ho w ev er t o giv e a list o f t h e Inc a rui ns wit h

, , ,

a few re ferenc es a nd o t h er no t e s a s a
g uid e t o in q uirers ,
.

T he m ega lit hic ruins a nd t ho se o f t he Gra nd Chimu o n t h e

,

c o ast h a v e a lrea dy b een d esc rib ed

, .

1 . T he ruins t he Co lc a mp a ta p a lac e, p r o
Of b
a b ly o i t he t im e o f t h e Inc a Pa c h a c ut i

a nd t he sa me a s his Pa ta llact a . See my

1
Peru . I nc id ents 0 / T ra v el a nd E xp lo ra tio n in the La nd f
o the
Inca s, by E. Geo r g e Squier ( M ac m il lan,
 INCA R IA L RU INS 319

Cuz c o a nd Lima , p 100 Squier, p 4 4 9

’
. . . .

A lso d esc rib e d a t p 2 8 6 o f t his w o rk . .

Cuz c o and Lima

’
2 T emp le of the S a n
. .
,

p 1 1 9. S qui er
pp 4 39 t o 4 45 , w it h p l a n, . .

3 Ya cha hua si, o r sc h o o l

.
-
Squier, p 44 7 . . .

4 Pa mp a M a ro ni w a ll
. Squier, p 44 6 . . .

5 Inca wa lls of ho uses

. Squi er, p 4 44 See . . .

my p la n in t he fir st v o lume o f t he oyal R
Co mme nt aries, sho wing t he Inc a w o rk
’

t hro ugh o ut Cuz c o .

6 . Grea t H a lls a t Cuz c o , d esc rib ed by t he Inca

G arc il a sso d e l a Vega .

7 . F o rt ress o f Piquilla ct a , so ut hern app ro ac h

t o Cuz c o Squier, p 420
. . .

gfi gg
a yu
8 . Olla nta y - t a mp a , p 1 50 escrib e d in . . D
Cha p .
, X
Cuz c o and Li m a , pp 1 7 9
’
.

t o 1 84 Squier, p p 4 9 3 t o 5 10
. . .

9 . Pa lace of Chinchero Sq uier, p 4 83, a nd . .

Cuz c o an d Lima
’
.

10 . Yuca y, o ne o r nam e nt al w all rem aining .

11 . Pissa c a nd t he Inti hua ta na Squier, p p 5 23 -

. .

t o 5 30 .

12 Ca cha
. A v ery c ur io us t emp le w it h p illars,
.

a nd a n upp er st o ry d esc rib ed by t h e Inc a ,

G arc ila sso d e la Vega Squier, p 40 2 . . .

3 2 8 111 °f La k e
i
T t ic a c a
.
1 3 Cop a c a ba na
. Squier, p 325 . . .

14 . Coa ti . Squier, p p 35 9 t o 365 . .

15 . S illusta ni c hul p a s My Tra v els in P er u .

a nd India , La rrabure y
’

pp 11 1 , 11 2 ; .

Unanue p 4 2 4 , Squier, p 37 6
. . .

16 . S ondor - ha a si See my . T ra v els in P eru

Sq uier, p p 39 4 , 39 5
’
a nd India , p 193 . . .
fi

17 H at un- c alla Squier, p 385

. . .

Lima t a mbo p ala c e Cuz c o a nd Lim a ,

’
18 . .

p 9 3 ; Squi er, p 8 6
. . .

Ca ra mba fort r ess Cuz c o a nd Lim a , p 83

’
19 . . . .

20 . Cho gue- quira o Imp ort a nt ruins o n t he

.

A p ur imac , ab o ut t hir t y miles fro m

32 0 INCA RIA L RUINS
A b a nc ay ; d esc rib ed by Ca st elnau Re .

c e nt ly visit ed by Dr Bingham , a n .

A m eric a n t r a v ell er A b o ut t o be exhaus .

t iv ely exa mine d by Dr Ma x Uhle . .

Vilc a s-hua ma n esc rib e d. D

by Ciez a d e
Leo n a nd in t h e elac io n es Geo ra fi ca s
g R .
’

No t visit e d by Squier B ut see Wiener, .

pp 2.64 t o 2 71 .

H ua nuc o p a la c e . Sq uier
Larra , p . 2 16 .

bur e y U na nue p 2 9 3 no c k , Cha p

, . II . E . XX .

Chavin . E
no c k , A ndes a nd A ma z o n,
’

pp . 7 2, 7 3 .

Fo rt ress Pa lace o f H ervay . Cuz c o and

Lima , p 2 9 ; Sq uier, p
’
. . 83 ; Larr a bur e
y Unanue , p 31.6 .

I/ una hua na Larrabur e y

. na nue, pp 2 9 9 U .

t o 32 2 Inca H ua si, use o f c o lumns

. .

Pa ra munca fo rt r ess Ciez a d e Leo n, p 2 4 7 . .

Pro c t o r p , . 1 7 5 ; S uier, p 10 1 q . Larr abure

y Unanue , p 792
. .

Pa cha ca ma c Max . Uhle, Sq uier , who

d esc rib es an arch .

T he Inc a ro a ds a nd b ridges d escrib ed by

a re w ell
Z ara t e a nd Ciez a d e Leo n p ,
. 15 3 a p assa ge w hic h is q uo t e d
,

a t l engt h by t h e Inc a Garc ila sso ( I . lib ix . . c ap . See

Vela sc o H ist o ria d e Q uit o , I p 59
’
a lso ,
. . .

The c era mi c a nd m et a llurgic a rt o f t he Inc as is b est

se en in t h e c o llec t io ns o f t h e Sc h ora Cent eno a nd o f Dr .

Ca p aro Muniz ,
b o t h o nc e a t Cuz c o . T he Cent eno c o llec t io n

is no w a tB erlin Af t er t he c o nq uest o f t he c o ast t he Inca s

.

b ro ught a numb er o f t he Chimu p o t t ers a nd m et al w o rk ers

t o Cuz c o a nd c are ful st udy in t h e museum s might p erhap s
,

lea d t o d isc rimina t io n b et w een t he p urely Inc a w o rk a nd ,

t he w o r k a ft er a n infusio n o f t he Chimu element .

 A PU OLLA N T A Y
A D RA M A OF T H E T IM E OF T H E INCAS

SOV ERE IG N S OF PE R U
A B OU T A .D . 1 4 7 0

FIR S T R E D UC E D TO N
W R IT I G B Y

DR . VA LDE Z CUR A, on S ICUA N I

A D
. . 1 77 0

N
T H E OR IG I A L M A NUSCR IP T CO IEP D BY
DR . J U ST O PA ST OR J UST INIA NI

TH IS J US TIN IA N I T EXT

CO IEP D A T LA R IS . IN A P R IL 1 853. B Y

CLE M E NT S R . M AR KH A M

F R EE T R AN SLA T ION IN T O EN G LISH

SIR CL E M EN T S M A R KHA M , K O B . . .

19 10
326 D R VA LDEZ . A ND DRA MA o r OLLA NT A Y

in a b o ut 1 7 7 5 Ta king t h e nam e o f his m at ernal anc est o r,

.

t h e Inc a T u p a c A m a ru, t h e ill -

fa t e d Co n d o r c an qui ro se

in reb ellio n , w a s d efe at e d , t a k en, a nd p ut t o d ea t h un d er

r
t o rt ure , in t h e g ea t s uare o f Cu c o q In t h e m o nst ro us z .

sen t enc e t h e rep resent a t io n o f d ram a s a s w ell as all

o t h er fest iv als which t h e In d ians b
c el e ra t e in m em o ry
of t h eir Inc as w as p rohib it ed 1 T his is a . c le ar p ro o f

t hat b efo re Q d
1 7 8 1 t h ese uich ua d ram as w ere a ct e .

Th e o rigina l m anusc rip t o f Val d ez w a s c o p ie d by h is

frien d Do n Just o Pa st o r Just iniani a nd t h is c o p y w as ,

inh erit e d by his so n There w a s ano t h er c o p y in t h e

.

c on vent of San D omingo Cuz c o , but it is c o rrup t , and

at

t h ere a re several o m issio ns a nd m ist a k es o f a c o p yist .

Dr Val d ez
. died , at a very a dvanced a ge , in 1 8 1 6 . In
18 5 3 t h e m a nusc rip t w as in t h e p o ssessio n
o riginal o f his

n eph ew an d h eir Do n N arc iso Cuent a s o f T int a

, .

Th e Just iniani c o p y w as in 1 85 3, in t h e p ossessio n,

o f Dr Do n Pa blo Just inia ni Cura o f Laris, a nd so n

.
,

o f Do n J ust o Pa st o r Just iniani H e is a d escend ant o f .

T UPA C A M A R U

J UA N A NUST A DIEGO CON DOR CA N Q UI

FELI P E CON D OR CA N Q UI

PE D R O CON D CR CA N QUI

MIG UEL CON D OR CA N Q UI

Jo sE G A B RI EL CON D OR CA NQ UI
( T UPA C AMA R U)

S entenc ia p ro nunc ia da en el Cuz c o p or el Visita d or Do n J o sé

1

A nto nio d e A r ec he, c on tra J o sé Ga briel T up a c A ma ru In Co lecc ion

’
.

de o bra s y d oc umento s d e Do n Pe d ro d e A n g e lis, v o l. v ( Bu n

. e os

A y res , 18 30
 VON T SCH UDI— B A RRA NCA — ZE G A RR A 327

t he Inc a s .In A p ril 1 85 3 I w ent t o Laris, a seclud ed

1

valley o f t he And es, an d m a d e a c areful c o p y o f t h e d ram a

of Olla ntay Fro m t his Just iniani t ext my fir st very
.

fault y lin e -fo r -line t ranslat io n w as m a d e in 1 87 1 as w ell ,

as t h e p resent free t ransl a t io n .

fi
Th e rst p rint e d no t ic e o f Olla ntay a p p ea r e d in t h e
M useo Erudito No s 5 t o 9 p ublish e d a t Cuz c o in 1 837
, .
,

a nd e dit e d by Do n Jo sé Palac io s Th e next a c c o un t .

o f t h e drama w it h ext ra c t s, w a s in t h e
, A nt igue d a d es
Peruana s, a w o rk p ub lish e d in 1 8 5 1 j o int ly by Dr v o n
’
.

Tschudi and Do n Ma ria no R ivero o f A re q uip a Th e .

c o mp le t e t ext , fr o m t h e c o p y in t h e c o nvent o f San

D omingo a t Cuz c o , w as first p ub lishe d a t Vienn a in 185 3

by Dr v on Tsch udi in his Die Kechua Sp rach e It
‘

. .

1 IN CA PA CH A CUT I

T UPA C YU P A QUI N
H UA Y NA CCA PA C

MA N CO IN CA

MA R IA T U P A C USCA PEDR O OR T Iz DE OR UE

CA T A LI NA OR TI z LUIS J USTIN IA NI

LUIS J U STIN IA NI

LUI S J US TINIA NI

NICOLO J UST INI AN I

J UST O PA ST OR J USTINIA NI

Dr PA B LO POLICA R P O JU S T INI A N I
( Cura Of La ris)
328 G RE A T VA LUE OF Z EGA R R A S ’
W OR K

w as o b t ained fo r him by Dr . R uggend a s of Munich .

Th e m anuscrip t w a s a c o rrup t version , a nd in very ba d

c ondit io n in p art s ill egible fro m d amp In 1 868 Don
,
.

Jo sé B arranca p ublish e d a Sp anish t ranslat io n fro m t h e ,

D ominican t ext o f v o n Tschudi The learned Swiss .

nat uralist v o n T sch udi p ub lish e d a rev ise d e dit io n o f

, ,

his t ra nslat ion a t Vienna in 187 5 , wit h a p a rallel G erman

t ransla t io n In 1 87 1 I p rint e d t h e Just inia ni t ext w it h a
.

lit era l , line fo r line t ra nslat io n , but wit h m any mist a k es,
- -

sinc e d ; and in 1 87 4 a Peruvian Do n José

c o rre c t e , ,

Fernan d ez No d al p ublish e d t h e Q uich ua t ext wit h a

,

Sp anish t ra nsl a t io n .

In 187 8 Gavino Pa ch eco Z egarra p ub lish e d his versio n

o f Olla nt ay, w it h a free t ra nsla t io n in French H is .

t e xt is a m a nusc rip t o f t h e d ram a w hich h e fo un d in

his uncle s lib rary
’
Z egarra a s a nat ive o f Peru
.
,

w h o se la ngua ge w a s Q uich ua h a d grea t a dvant a ges ,

.

H e w a s a very severe , a nd o ft en unfa ir, c rit ic o f his

p re d e c esso rs .

Th e w o rk Z egarra is h o wever e xc ee dingly valuab le

of , ,
.

H e w a s no t o nly a Q uich ua sch o lar but also ac c o mp lish e d ,

a n d w ell rea d H is no t e s o n sp ecial w o r d s a nd o n t h e

.

c o nst ruc t io n o f sent ences are o ft en v ery int erest ing But .

h is c o nc lusio ns resp ec t ing se v eral p a ssa ge s w hich are in

t h e Just inia ni t ext , but no t in t h e o t h ers, a re c e t ainly r
erro ne o us. Th us h e ent irel y sp o ils t he dialo gue b et w een
t he Uill a c Um a Piq ui Ch a q ui
a nd by o mit t ing t h e
h um o ro us p a rt c o nt aine d in t h e Just iniani t ext ; a nd
m a k es o t her simila r o m issio ns m erely b ecause t h e
p a ssa ges a re no t in his t ext Z ega rra gives a useful
.

vo c ab ulary a t t he end o f all t h e w o rds which o cc ur in

t h e d ram a .

Th e grea t d ra w b ac k t o t h e st udy o f Zegarra s w o rk

’

is t h a t h e invent e d a num b er o f let t ers t o exp ress t h e

vario us m o difi ca t io ns o f so und as t h ey a p p ealed t o his
330 A RGUM ENT OF T H E PLA Y

him t o en ead vo ur to raise t h e ro yal family far a b ove all

o t h ers.

Th e p l ay o p ens w it h a dialo gue b et w een Ollant ay a nd

Piq ui Ch a q ui , his p age, a w it t y an d h um o ro us la d .

Ollant ay t alk s o f his lo v e fo r t h e Princ ess Cusi Co yllur,

and w ant s Piq ui Ch a q ui t o t a k e a m essa ge t o h er, w hile

t h e p age dw ells o n t h e d anger o f loving in such a q uart er ,

an d eva d es t h e q uest io n o f t a king a m essa ge Th en t o .

t h em ent ers t h e Uilla c Um a o r H igh Priest o f t h e Sun, ,

wh o rem o nst ra t es wit h Ollant ay— a sc ene o f great

so l emnit y , and very e ffe c t ive .

Th e next sc ene is in t h e Q ueen s p ala ce A nahuarqui,

’
.

t h e Q ueen, is disc o vere d w it h t h e Princ ess Cusi Co yllur,

wh o b it t erly lam ent s t h e a b sen c e o f Ollant ay To t h em .

ent ers t h e Inc a Pa ch a c ut i, q uit e igno r ant t h a t his d augh t er

h a s no t o nl y m arrie d Ollant a y in sec ret , but t h at sh e

is a c t uall y wit h chil d by him H er m o t h er k eep s h er .

secret Th e Inc a indul ges in ext rava gant exp ressions o f

.

love fo r his d augh t er Th en b o y s and girls ent er d ancing

.

a nd singing a h arvest so ng A no t h er very m elanch oly

.

garakul is sung ; b o t h c ap a ble o f b eing t urne d by t h e

Princ ess int o p resa ges o f t h e fa t e o f h erself and h er
h usb and .

In t h e t h ird sc ene Oll ant ay p refers his suit t o t h e Inc a

Pa ch a c ut i in o c t o sylla b ic q uat rains, t h e fi rst and la st

marrie d a g h t er o f t he c hief
d au of Oma , t he fo ur t h ma rried a gir l
of T a cuca ra y, t he w ife of t he fift h wa s a d au g ht e r of a Cuz co c hief .

T he sixt h In ca ma rrie d a h h
d a ug t er o f t h e c ief o f H ua ylla ca n, t h e
se vent h m a rried a d au gh h
t e r o f t h e c ief o f A ya ma rca , a nd t he e ig t hh
w e nt t o A nta fo r a wife . h y
T is A nt a la d w a s t h e mo t e r o f Pa c a h h
c ut i. T he wifePa c ha c ut i, na m ed A na hua rqui, w as a d a
of er ug h t
h
o f t h e c ief o f Choco h
T ere w a s no rule a o ut ma rr ing sist ers
. b y
h
w e n Pa c ha c ut i suc c e ed e d H e int ro d uc e d it
. m a ing his so n by k
p p y
Tu a c Yu a nqui m arr his d a ug t er M a m a 0 0 110 , but t is w as h h
p
quite un rec ed e nt e d T he t ra ns r e ssio n o f a rule w ic
. g h h he ha d
jus t ma d e m a y a c c o unt fo r his e xt re me se erit . v y
 AR G UM ENT OF T H E PLA Y 331

lines rh yming , a nd the sec o n d a nd t hird . H is sui t is

rej ec t e d wit h sco rn and c o nt emp t Ollant ay next a pp ears
.

o n t h e h eigh t s a b o ve Cuz c o In a so lilo q uy h e d eclares

.

himself t h e imp lac a ble enemy o f Cuz co and t h e Inc a .

Th en Piq ui Ch a q ui a rrives w it h t h e n ew s t h a t t h e Q ueen s

’

p a l a c e is em p t y ,
a n d a b a n d o n e d , a nd t h a t Cusi Co y llur

has q uit e disa pp eare d ; w hile sea rc h is b eing m a d e fo r

Ollant ay . While t h ey a re t oget h er a song is sung b ehind
so m e ro c k s, in p ra ise o f Cusi Co yllur s b ea ut y
’
Th en t h e .

so un d o f cl a rio ns an d p eo p le a p p ro ach ing is h eard , an d

Olla nt ay and Piq ui Ch a q ui t a k e t o fligh t Th e next sc ene .

fi nd s t h e Inc a enrage d a t t h e esc a p e o f Ollant ay , and o rd er

ing his g eneral R um i-na ui t o m arch a t o nc e , an d m a k e
him p riso ner T o t h em ent ers a chasqui, o r m esseng er
.
,

b ringing t h e new s t h at Ollant ay h a s co llec t e d a grea t arm y

a t Ollant ay t a m p u, an d t h at t h e reb els h ave p ro c l aim e d
-

him In ca .

Th e se c o nd a c t Op ens w it h a gran d sc ene in t h e h all

o f t h e fo rt ress-p alace o f Oll ant ay -t amp u Ollant ay is .

p r o c l a im e d Inc a by t h e eo l
p p e, an d h e ap p o int s t h e
Mo unt ain Chief, Urco H uaranc a , general o f his a rmy .

Urc o H uaranc a exp lains t h e disp o sit io ns h e h as m a d e

t o o pp ose t h e arm y a dvanc in g fro m Cuz c o , and his p la n
o f d efence . In t h e next sc ene R um i fi aui, as a fugit ive -

in t h e m o unt ain s, d escrib es his d efea t and t h e c o m p let e

suc cess o f t h e st rat egy o f Ollant ay a nd Urc o H ua ranc a .

H is solilo q uy is in t h e o c t o sylla b ic q ua t rains Th e last .

sc ene o f t h e sec o n d a c t is in t h e ga r d ens o f t h e Co nv ent

o f Virgins o f t h e Sun A y o ung girl is st an ding by a ga t e

.

which o p ens o n t h e st reet This, a s a ft erw ard s ap p ears,

.

is Ym a Sum ac , t h e d augh t er o f Oll ant ay and Cusi Co yll ur ,

a ge d t en, but i no rant o f h er
g p arent age To h er ent ers .

Pit u Sall a , an a t t end ant , w h o chi d es h er fo r b eing so fo n d

o f lo o king o ut a t t h e gat e The c onversat io n which
’

fo llo w s Sh o w s t h a t Ym a Sum a c d et est s t h e c o nvent and

332 A R GUME NT OF T H E PLA Y

refuses to ta ke the vo w s . Sh e a lso h a s h ea r d t h e m oans

o f so m e sufferer , a n d im p o rt un es Pit u Sall a t o t ell h er w h o
it is Ym a Sum a c go es as Mam a Cc ac c a ent ers an d c ro ss
.

ex amines Pit u Salla o n h er p ro gress in p ersua ding Ym a

Sum a c t o a d o p t c o nv ent life This M am a Cc a cc a is o ne .

o f t h e M a t ro ns o r M a ma Cuna an d sh e is al so t h e j ail er ,

o f Cusi Co yllur .

Th e t hird a c t Op ens wit h a n a m usin g sc ene b et w een

t h e Uillac Um a an d Piq ui Ch a q ui, w h o m e et in a st reet

in Cuz c o . Piq ui Ch a q ui w a nt s t o g et n ew s, but t o t ell

n o t hin g, a n d in t his h e suc c ee d s Th e d ea t h o f Inc a .

Pa c h ac ut i is a nn o un c e d t o him , a nd t he a c c essio n of

T up a c Y up an q ui, a n d wit h t h is new s h e d ep art s .

Next t h ere is a n int er v iew b et w een t h e new Inc a

T up a c Yup a n q ui t h e Uilla c Um a,
d efea t e d general , a nd the
R umi fi a ui w h o p ro m ises t o ret rieve t h e fo rm er disa st er
-
,

a n d b ring t h e reb els t o Cuz c o d ea d o r alive It aft er , .

w a r d s a p p ears t h a t t h e sch em e o f R umi fi aui w as o ne o f -

t reac h ery H e int end e d t o c o nc eal his t ro o p s in c av es

.

a n d g o rg es n ea r Olla nt ay t a m p u re a dy t o rush in w h en a -
,

sign al w a s m a d e R um i fi a ui t h en c ut a nd sla sh e d his

.
-

fa c e c o v ere d him self w it h m ud a nd a pp ea re d a t t h e ga t es

, ,

o f Olla nt ay t a m p u d ec la ring t h a t h e h a d r ec eiv e d t his

-
,

t rea t m ent fro m t h e n ew Inc a , a nd im p lo ring p ro t ec t io n

l .

Ollant ay rec eive d h im wit h t h e great est kin dn ess a nd

h o sp it a lit y In a few d a y s Olla nt ay and his p eo p l e
.

c el eb ra t e d t h e R a ymi o r g rea t fest iva l o f t h e sun w it h

l A bu t
s , o n a n eart h en vas e, w as p res e nt ed t o Do n A nt o nio
Ma ria Al v a rez , t h e p o lit i c al c hi f e of
Cuz c o , in 18 37 , a n Ind ia n by
w h o d e c la red t h at it h a d b nh
ee a nd e d d o wn in h is fa mil fro m y
t ime im m e mo ria l, as a li k e ne ss o f t he g
e nera l, R umi fi a ui, w h o -

p l ys
a an im po r t a nt p t ar in t is d ra mah Oll a nt a y T he
of . p erso n

re p s re e nte d m ust hv ba e ee n a g enera l fro m t he o rnament

,
on t he
fo re h ead , c a lle d ma sca p a yc ha , a nd t h ere a re w o und s c ut on t he
fa c c M useo Er ud z lo NO 5
’

.
— . .
,
334 REVIE W OF D ON E . LA R R A B UR E Y UNAN UE
Th e fin al sc ene is in t h e gard ens o f t h e c o nvent . The
Inc a ent ers Yma Sumac , fo llo w e d by t h e w h o le
wit h
st rengt h o f t h e c o m p a ny M ama Cc ac c a is o rd ere d t o
.

o p en t h e st o ne d o o r and Cusi Co yllur is b ro ugh t o ut .

Sh e p roves t o be t h e sist er o f t h e Inc a an d t h e w ife

o f Olla nt ay There are exp lanat io ns, and all end s
.

h ap p ily .

Of t h e ant iq uit y o f t h e d ra ma o f Oll ant ay t h ere is no w

no q uest io n General Mit re w ro t e an elab o rat e p ap er o n
.

it s a ut h ent icit y raising several p o int s t o p rove t h a t

,

it w as o f mo d ern o rigin But ev ery p o int h e raise d h a s

.

b een sat isfa c t o rily refut ed A t t h e same t ime t h ere are .

m any o t h er p o int s some o f t h em r eferre d t o by Z egarra

, ,

w hic h est a b lish t h e a nt iq uit y o f t h e d ra ma b ey o nd a ny

d o ub t Th e a nt iq uit y o f t h e name Ollant ay-t amp u
.
,

a p p lie d t o t h e fo r t ress in memo ry o f t h e d ra ma is p ro ve d ,

by it s use in t h e narra t iv es o f Molina ( 1 5 60 ) and o f

Salc amayh ua .

A n a b le rev iew o f t h e lit era t ure co nnec t e d w it h t he

d rama o f Ollant ay w as w rit t en by Do n E Larr abure y .

Una nue, t h e p resent Vic e-Presid ent o f Peru, w h o c o n

sid ers t h a t Olla nt ay w o ul d ma k e a d ac t in l a y w it h
g o o g p
magnifi cent scenic e ffec t s .

MS T E X T S
. .

1 . Th e o rigina l t ext of Va l d ez . In 185 3 t he p ro p ert y

of Do n Na rciso Cuent a s o f Tint a , h eir o f Dr Va l d ez
. .

2 Th e
. Just inia ni t ext In 1 8 5 3 . at Laris . Co p y of

t he Va ld ez t ext .

8 . M arkh am
’
s cop y of t h e J ust iniani t e t x ( p rint ed
4 . R o sa s co p y of t h e Just iniani t ext .

Co p y in t h e c o nvent
5 .
of San D omingo at Cuz co
( e D o minic a n t ext )
t h .
 T H E NA M E OLLAN T A Y 335

6 Vo n Tschudi s
.
’
cop y of t he D ominic an t ext ( p rint ed
7 . T ext of Z egarra ( p rint e d 1 87
8 Seco nd t ext o f v o n Tsch ud i
. .

9 Te xt o f Sp ilsbury
. .

10 Text o f Sahuara ura p enes Dr

. . G o nz a l e z d e la
It o sa .

Th ere is ligh t t h ro wn up o n t h e Ollantay by t h e

n am e

e v id ence t a k en d uring t h e j o urn ey o f t h e Vicero y To le d o

fro m J auj a t o Cuz c o , from N ovem b er 1 5 7 0 t o March

15 7 1 .H e w ant e d info rm a t io n resp ec t ing t h e o rigin o f
t he Inc a governm ent , an d 2 00 w it nesses w ere e xamine d ,

t he p arent a ge o r linea ge o f ea ch w it ness b eing rec o r d e d .

A mong t h ese w e fi nd six w it nesses o f t he A ntasa ya c a yllu .

S a yac m eans a st a t io n o r d iv isio n , A nta is a sm all t o w n

near Cuz co The names o f t h e six A nta w it nesses w ere
.

A N CA ILLO US CA H UA CR O
MA N COY A U CA PU R I ULLA N T A Y
B esid es A N T ON IO PA CR OT R ICA a nd PU N ICU PA U CA R ,

Chiefs o f A nta .

We t hus fi nd t ha t t h e name b elo nged t o

of Ollantay
A nta . No w t h e Inc as w ere un d er grea t o b liga t io ns t o
t h e c hief o f A nta fo r t h at chief h a d resc ue d t h e el d est
,

so n o f Inca R occa fro m t h e ch ief o f A ya marca and h a d ,

re st o re d him t o his fa t h er Fo r t his grea t ser v ic e t he

.

c hief o f A nta w a s d eclare d t o be a no b l e o f t h e hi h est

g
ran k a nd c o usin t o t h e Inc a family Mo reo ver, t h e .

d augh t er o f t h e A nta chief w as m arrie d t o t h e Inca

Uira -cocha , a nd w a s t h e mo t h er o f Pa cha cuti A ssum ing , .

a s se em s p ro b a bl e , t h a t Ollanta
y w a s a son o f t h e c hief
o f A nt a , h e w o ul d be a c o usin o f t h e Inc a , and o f v er
y
336 T H E NA M E OLLAN T A Y

high ra nk , t h o ugh no t an agna t e o f t h e reigning fa mily .

T his, I t a k e it , is w h at is int end ed Pa chac uti d esire d

.

t o raise his famil y a b ove all o t h ers, a nd t h a t , c o n

se q uent ly , t h ere sh o ul d be no m a rria ges wit h subj ec t s

even of t h e high est ran k; a nd his exc essiv e severit y o n
t h e t ransgressio n of his rul e by his d augh t er is t hus
exp l aine d .
338 OLLA NT A Y

3 — 0 2la ntay-t amp u, T errace

. .

R umi -fi a ui, Ollant ay , Guard s .

4 —H ouse
.
f Virgins
o , Corridor .

Ym a Sum a c , Pit u Sall a .

5 .
-
H o use o f Virgins , Garden .

Yma Suma c , Pit u Sall a , Cusi Co yllur.

6 — Pa la ce
. o f T up ac Y up anqui .

T up a c Yup a n q ui, Uill ac

Uma , a
Ch asq ui, R um i-fi aui, Oll ant ay , Urco
H ua ra nc a , H a nco H uayllu Piq ui ,

Ch a q ui Chiefs an d Guard s t h en
, ,

Ym a Sumac .

7 — H o use of Virgins, Garden .

A ll o f Sc ene 6, a nd Mama Cc a c c a
Cusi Co yllur, Pit u Salla .
 OLLA NTA Y D R A MA T IS PER SONZE

SCE N E

In Cuz co and it s r
env i o ns, a nd Ollantay-tamp u

D R A M A T IS PER S ONzE

A PU OLLA N T A Y .
—General of A nti-suyu, t he east ern

p o
r vince of t he emp ire . A y o ung c hief, but no t o f
t he blo o d -
ro y al . H is ran k w as t h at of a T ucuyricuo
or Vicero y . Th e name o c c urs a mo ng t h e wit nesses
examine d by or d er of t he Vicero y To led o b eing , o ne

of t he six o f t h e A ntasa ya c ayllu .

PA CH A CU T I ~ —Th e Sovereign Inc a

. .

T UPA C Y UPA N Q U I — Sovereign Inc a , . so n a nd h eir of

Pac h ac ut i .

R U M I-NA UI — A grea t . c hief, General of Co lla -suyu . The

wo rd means St one-ey e .
’

UILLA O UM A — H igh Priest o f t he Sun

. Th e w o r d Uma .

m eans h ea d , and Uilla c, a co uncillor and diviner .

UR oo H UA R A N CA .
— A chief Th e w o rd s mean Mo unt ain
.

Th e w o r d huaranca means 1 00 0 ; h ence ,

’
Chief .

Chief o f a Tho usand .

H A N oo H UA Y LLU A U QUL— A n o ld o ffic er, o ft h e b lo o d -ro y al .

PI Q UI CH A Q UI — Page t o Ollant ay Th e w o rd s mean

fl
. .

eet -fo o t e d
’
.

A N A H U A R Q UI .
— Th e Ccoya or Q ueen , wife of Pa cha c ut i .

339 z 2
340 OLLANT A Y

CUSI COYLLUR NU S T A — A Princess, d a ugh t er o f Pa ch a cut i.

.

T h e w or ds mean t h e j o y ful st ar
’
.

YM A SUM A o — D augh t er o f Cusi Coyllur

. . Th e wo rd s
mean H o w b eaut iful
’
.

PIT U SA LLA — A girl,. c o m p anion o f Yma Suma c .

CCA o oA MA M A — A m at ro n . of Virgins o f t h e Sun . Jailet

o f Cusi Co y llur .

Nobles ,
ca
p t a i ns , so ldiers, boys a nd girls d a ncing, singers,

a ttend ants, messengers or Ch asq ui.

342 OLLAN TA Y AN D PIQU I CH A QU I A CT 1

Such t h o ugh t s are p o mp t e d

Piqui Chaqui . r by Sup ay 1
v
Th at e il b eing p o ssesses t h ee .

All ro und a re b eaut eo us girls t o ch oo se

B efore old a ge a nd k
w e a ness co me .

If t he great In c a knew t hy p lo t
A nd w h a t t h o u seek est t o a t t ain,
Thy h ea d w o ul d fall by his c o mmand ,
Thy b o dy w o ul d be q uickl y b urnt .

Olla ntay B o y , d o no t d are t o c ro ss me t hus

. .

One m o re such w o r d and t h o u sh alt die .

T hese ban d s w il l t ear t h ee lim b fro m lim b ,

If st ill t hy c o unc il s are so b a se .

Piqui Chaqui Well ! t rea t t hy serv ant as a d o g ,

.

But d o no t nigh t a n d d ay r ep eat ,

Piq ui Ch a q ui ! sw ift of fo o t '

Go o nc e m o re t o see k t h e st ar
’
.

Ollantay H ave I no t alrea dy said

.

Th a t e en i d eat h s fell scy t he w as h ere

’ ’
f 2
,

If m o unt ains sh o ul d o pp o se my p a t h
k
Li e t w o fi erc e fo e s 3 w h o b lo c k t h e w a y ,
Ye t w ill I fi gh t all t h ese c o m b ine d
A nd risk all else t o gain my e nd ,
A nd w h et h er it be life o r d eat h
I ll c ast my sel f a t Co yllur s feet
’ ’
.

Piqui Chaqui B ut if Sup ay h imself sh o ul d

. co me
Ollantay I d st rik e t h e ev il Sp irit d o w n
’
. .

1 S up a y, an e vil p irit
s , a c c o rding to so me a ut h o rit ies.

2 Ichuna , a sic kl e o r sc yth e. T he p

e x ressio n ha s b ee n c ite d by
h
G e nera l Mit re a nd o t ers a s a n a r ument t g h at t h e dr a m a is mo d ern,
b h
ec a use t is is a me t a ph
o r c o n ned t o t h e fi o ld w o rld . B ut ichuna
w as in Q uic ua , in t is se nse,
in use , h h b efo re p
t h e S a niar d s
c a me T h e w o rd is fr o m I chu, grass
. .

3 T he Pe ru ia nsp v
e rso ni e d a mo unt a in fi as p irits g o o d
t wo s ,

a nd vil In writ ing p

e . o e t ic a ll y of a mo unt a in o pp o ing it w o uld
s ,

be e ferred t o in t he p e
r rso ns o f it s g enii or sp i it s
r nd sp o k n o f
, a e

as t w o fo es, no t o ne .
so w z OLLAN T A Y A ND PIQUI CH A QUI 34 3

Piqui Chaqui If t h o u sh o ul d st o nly see his no se,

.

Th o u w o ul d st no t Sp ea k a s t h o u d o st no w .

Olla nta y No w , Piq ui Ch a q ui , sp eak t he t rut h ,

.

Seek no t ev asio n o r d eceit .

D o st t h o u no t alrea dy know ;
Of all t h e fl o w ers in t he fi el d ,
No t o ne c a n e q ual my Princ ess
Piqui Chaqui St ill my m ast er, t h o u d o st rave
.
, .

I t hink I ne v er saw t hy lo ve .

St ay ! w a s it h er wh o y est er d a y
Cam e fo rt h w it h slo w and falt ering st ep s
A nd so ugh t a so lit ary ! p at h 2 2
If so , t is t rue Sh e s lik e t h e sun
’ ’
,

Th e mo o n less b ea ut eo us t h an h er face 3 .

Ollantay It surely w a s my d earest love

. .

H o w b ea ut iful , h o w b righ t is sh e !
This very
m o m ent t h o u m ust go
A nd t a k e my m essa ge t o t h e St a r .

Piqui Chaqui I d are no t , m ast er .

; In t h e d ay ,
I fear t o p a ss t h e p ala c e ga t e .

Wit h all t h e splend our o f t h e c o ur t ,

I c o ul d no t t ell h er fro m t h e rest .

Olla nta y Did st t h o u

. no t say t hou saw est h er
Piqui Cha qui I said . so , but it w a s not sense.

A st a r c an o nl y shine at nigh t ;

Onl y a t nigh t c o ul d I be sure .

Ollantay B ego ne t h o u la z y go o d -fo r-no ugh t

.
, .

Th e j o y ful st ar t h a t I a d o re,
If p l ac e d in p resenc e o f t h e Sun ,
Wo ul d shine as b righ t ly as b efo re .

1 R urun, d esert , so lit ud e .

2 T a squiy, t o ma rc h; tusquina , p ro menad e , p th

a .

h y gh
Cusi Coyllur, w il e d a li t la ste d , w as, in t h e e
3 y es o f Piqui
h k
C a qui, li e t he sun h
A c a nge t a es la c e a t t wili
. k p g ht , a nd at

ni gh k
t she is li e t h e moo n .
34 4: T H E UILLA C UM A A CT I

Piqui Chaqui Lo som e p erso n h it h er

. c o mes,

Perh ap s a n o l d c ro ne seeking ab s
Yes Lo o k h e q uit e resemb les o ne .

Let him t h e d a ngero us m essa ge t a k e .

Sen d it by him, 0 no bl e Chief !

Fro m m e t h ey w o ul d no t h ear t he t ale
Thy p a g e is but a h um ble la d .

E h UILLA O UM A , o r H igh Priest o f t h e

( nter t e

Sun a t the bac k, a rms ra ised to the S un

,
.

In a grey t unic a nd black ma ntle fro m the

sho uld ers to the gro und , long knife in
a

his belt, the undress ch uc u o n his head ) .

Uillac Uma . O giv er o f all w armt h a nd ligh t

0 Sun I fall an d w o rship t h ee .

Fo r t h ee t h e ms a re p rep are d ,
v ic t i

A t h o usan d llam a s and t h eir lamb s

A re r ea dy fo r t hy fest al d a y .

Th e sa c re d fi re 11 la p t h eir blo o d ,
’

In t hy drea d p resenc e , migh t y o ne,

A ft er lo ng f st t hy vic t ims fall
a 1 .

Olla nta y Wh o c o m es hit h er, Piq ui Cha q ui P

‘
.

Yes, t is t h e h o ly Uilla c Um a
’

He b rings his t oo ls o f augury .

No p um a 2 m o re a st ut e a nd w ise
I h at e t h at a nc ient c o n j urer
Wh o o
p p
r h e sie s o f e v il t hings,
I feel t h e vils h e fo ret ells
e

Tis h e w h o ever b rings ill luc k

’
-
.

l Fa st ing wa s a pr pe a ra t io n fo r a ll g rea t re li g io us c eremo nie s .

V ic t ims fo r s crifi e und w nt p vio u f t w hi h

a c er e a re s as , c k
w a s lo o ed
up o n in t he lig h t o f p u ifi t io n b f r b ing ff red t
ca e o re e o e o t he D it y
e .

2 T h ey g ve t he a t t ib ut s w e u u ll y a ssign to
a r e s a t he fo x t o
t he p uma .
34 6 OLLA NT A Y AND T H E UILLA C UMA i on

A m I, fo rso o t h , t hy h um ble sl ave

Tha t I kno w all I ll q uic kly p rove
’
.

Ollantay My b ea t in g h ea rt is fil le d wit h drea d ,

.

B eh olding t h ee so sudd enly

Perc h ance t hy c o ming is a Sign ,

Of ev il s o vert a king m e .

Uillac Um a F ea r no t , Ollant ay no t fo r t hat

.
,

Th e H igh Priest c o m es t o t h e e t his d ay .

It is p erh ap s fo r lo v e o f t h ee ,
Th a t , a s a st ra w is b lo wn by w in d ,
A friend , t his d ay , enc o un t ers t h e e .

Sp ea k t o m e a s t o a frien d ,
Hi d e no t hing fro m my scrut iny .

This d ay I co m e t o o ffer t h ee
A l a st a nd mo st mo ment o us ch o ic e
Tis no t hing less t h an life o r d ea t h
’
.

Olla nta y Th en m a k e t hy w o r d s more c lear t o me,

.

Th a t I m ay un d erst an d t h e ch o ic e
Till no w t is but a t a ngle d sk ein,
’

Unrav el it t h a t I m ay kno w .

Uilla c Uma Tis w ell No w list en; w a rlik e Chief

’
. .

My science h as ena b le d m e ,

T o learn a nd see all hidd en t h ings

Unkn o wn t o o t h er m o rt al men .

My p o w er will ena b le m e
To m a k e o f t h ee a grea t er p rinc e .

I b ro ugh t t h ee up fro m t end er y ears ,

A nd ch erish ed t h ee w it h lo v e a nd c a re
I no w w o ul d gui d e t h ee in t h e righ t ,

A nd w a rd o ff a ll t h a t t h re a t ens t h ee .

A S c hief o f A nt i suy u no w
-
,

Th e p eo p le venera t e t hy nam e
Thy Sove reign t rust s a nd h o no urs t h ee ,

E en t o sh a ring h alf his realm

’
.

Fro m a ll t h e rest h e ch ose t h ee o ut ,

ge m I OLLA NT A Y A ND T H E UILLA C UMA 34 7

A nd p la ced all p o w er in t hy h a nd s
H e ma de t hy a rmies great and st ro ng,
A nd st rengt h ene d t h ee a gainst t hy fo es
H o w num ero us so e er t h ey be,
’

Th ey h ave b een h unt e d d o w n by t h ee .

A re t h ese go o d rea so ns fo r t hy w ish ,

To w o un d t hy So vereign t o t h e h eart 2
H is d a ugh t er is b elo v e d by t h ee ;
Thy p a ssio n t h o u w o ul d st fain in d ulge ,
Law less and fo rb idd en t h o ugh it be .

I c all up o n t h ee , st o p in t im e ,

Tear t his fo lly fro m t hy h eart .

If t hy p assio n is immense,
St ill let h o no ur h o l d it s p la c e .

Yo u reel , y o u st a gger o n t h e b rink

I d sna t ch t h ee fro m t h e very e d ge
’
.

Th o u kn o w est w ell it c a nno t be,

Th e Inc a never w o ul d c o nsent .

If t h o u d id st
’
e en p ro p o se it no w ,
H e w o ul d be o ver c o m e wit h ra ge

Fro m favo ure d p rinc e a nd t rust e d c hie f,

Th o u w o ul dst d esc en d t o lo w est ra nk .

Olla nta y H o w is it t h a t t h o u c a nst surely

. k no w
Wh a t is hi dd en in my h eart 2
st ill

H er m o t h er o nl y kno w s my love,
Yet t h o u rev ealest all t o m e .

Uilla c Uma I rea d t hy secret o n t h e mo o n,

.

A s if up o n t h e Q uip u kno t s
A nd w h a t t ho u w o ul d st m ost surely hid e ,
Is p lain t o m e a s a ll t h e rest .

Ollanta y In m y h eart I h a d divine d

.

Th a t t h o u w o ul d st sea rch m e t hro ugh a n d t h ro ugh

Th o u kno w est all 0 Co un cillo r
, ,

A nd w ilt t h o u no w d esert t h y so n 2
Uillac Uma H o w o ft w e m o rt als h ee dless d rink
.
,
 348 OLLA NT A Y A ND T H E UILLA C UM A m 1

A c ert ain d ea t h fro m go l d en c up

R ec all t o min d h o w ill s b efall ,
And t h at a st ubb o rn h ea rt s t h e c ause
’
.

Olla ntay ( kneeling) Plunge t h a t d agger in my

. b reast ,

Th o u h o ld st it rea dy in t hy b elt
Cut o ut my sa d a n d b ro k en h eart
I a sk t h e fa v o ur a t t hy feet .

Uilla c Uma ( to Piq ui Ch a q ui) . G a t h er m e t h a t fl o w er ,

bo y .

( Piq ui Ch a q ui gives him a withered o wer fl

lies do wn a ga in, p retending to sleep ) .

( T o Olla nt a
y) B eh o l d , it is q uit e d ea d
. and d ry .

Once mo re b eh o ld e en no w it w eep s,
’

It w eep s . Th e w a t er fl o w s from it .

( Wa ter fl o ws o ut o f the fl o wer .

)
Ollanta y Mo re. eas y fo r t h e b arren ro c ks
Or fo r sa n d t o sen d fo rt h w a t er,
T han t h a t I Sh o ul d c ea se t o lo v e
Th e fair p rinc ess t h e j o y ful st a r
, .

Uilla c Uma Put a se e d int o t h e gro und

.
,

It m ul t ip lies a hun d red fo l d

The mo re t hy c rim e sh all gro w a nd sw ell ,

Th e grea t er far t hy sudd en fall .

Olla ntay Onc e fo r all, I no w c o nfess

.

To t h ee 0 grea t an d m igh t y Priest

,

No w learn my fault To t h ee I sp eak .

,

Sinc e t h o u h a st t o rn it fro m my h ea rt .

Th e la sso t o t ie m e is lo ng ,
Tis r ea dy t o t w ist ro un d m y t h ro a t
’

Ye t it s t hrea d s a re w o v en w it h go ld ,
It avenges a b rillia nt c rim e .

Cusi Coy llur e en no w is my w ife,

’

A lrea dy w e re b o un d a nd a re o ne
’
35 0 COLCA M PA TA PALA CE— AN A H UA R QUI m x

Ollantay Sure eno ugh , t h o u art t h e fo x

. .

Piqui Cha qui It is t rue t h at my no se is gro wing

. finer ,

A nd my ea rs a go o d d eal lo nger .

Olla nta y Co m e lea d m e t o t h e Co yllur

.
, .

Piqui Chaqui It is st ill . d ayligh t .

[Ea eunt

SCE N E 2

A gr eat ha ll in the Co lcamp ata , then the p a la ce of t he

Queen or C co y a A n ah ua rqui I n the c entre of the bac k .

scene a do orway, a nd seen thro ugh it gardens with the

sno wy
p ea k of Vilcanota in the dista nce Wa lls covered .

with go lden sla bs On either si de of the doorway three

.

recesses, with ho usehold gods in the sha p e of ma iz e-cabs

a nd lla mas , a nd go ld va ses in them On R a go lden t iana . .

or throne On L t wo lower sea ts cov ered with cushions of

. .

fine woo llen c lo th.

( A N A H UA R Q UI ,
the Queen or Cc o y a ( in blue

c h uc u, white c o tton bo dice, a nd r ed mantle

sec ured by a go lden t opu or in
p , set with
e mera lds, a nd a blue skirt ) , the p rincess
a nd

CU S I COY LLU R (in a c h uc u, with eathers of f

the t unqui, white bodice a nd skirt, a nd

g y
re ma ntle with t o p u, set with p ea rls )
discov ered sea ted .
)
A na huarqui Sinc e wh en a rt t h o u feeling
. so sa d ,

Cusi Co yllur grea t Int i s p runell e 2 1

’

Sinc e w h en h a st t ho u lo st a ll t hy j o y ,
Thy sm ile a nd t hy o nce m erry la ugh 2

1 I ntip llir p un, a le pp of t he sun s e ye .

’ ’
T h e re is no g h
En lis
v h
e q ui a le nt t a t is s uit a le b .
S CE N E II U
C SI COYLLUR S LA M NT
’
E
Tears o f grief no w p o ur d o w n my fac e,
A s I w a t ch and mo urn ov er my c hil d
Thy grief m a k es m e rea dy t o d ie.
Thy unio n fil led t h ee w it h j oy ,

A lr ea dy y o u re really his w ife

’
.

Is h e no t t h e m an o f t hy c h o ic e 2
O d a ugh t er, d evo t edl y love d ,
Why p lung e d in such t errib le grief 2

( Cu s i Co yllu r has ha d her fac e hid d en in the

ill o ws S he no w rises to her feet, throwing

p .

up her arms ) .

Cusi Coyllur O my m o t h er 0 mo st gracio us Q ueen

fl
.

H o w c an my t e ars e er c ease t o o w ,
’

H o w c an my b it t er sigh s surc ease ,

Wh ile t h e valiant Chief I w o rship
Fo r m any d ay s and sleep less nigh t s ,

A ll h ee dl ess o f my t en d er y ears ,

Seems q uit e t o h ave fo rgo t t en m e 2

H e h a s t urne d his regar d fro m his wife
A nd no lo nger seeks fo r his love .

0 m y m o t h er 0 m ost gra cio us Q ueen

O my h usb an d so b elove d
Since t h e d ay wh en I la st saw my love
Th e m o o n h as b een hi dd en fro m view
Th e sun shines no m o re as o f o ld ,

In rising it ro lls am o ng mist

A t nigh t t h e st ars a re all dim ,
All na t ur e seem s sa d and dist ressed
Th e c o m et wit h fi ery t ail ,
Ann o un c es my so rro w a nd grief
Surround e d by d ar kness a nd t ears,
Ev il a uguries fill m e wit h fears .

O my m o t h er 0 mo st gracio us Q ueen
O my h usb and so b elove d
 35 2 T H E IN CA PA CH A CUT I A CT I

A na hua rqui Comp ose t hyself a nd

. dry t hine y
e es,

Th e King , t hy fa t h er, h as arrived .

Th o u lovest Oll ant ay , my chil d 2

(Enter the IN CA PA CH A CU TI On his hea d .

the ma scap ay c h a , with the ll a ut u or imp eria l

fringe A tunic of cotto n embroidered with
.

go ld 5 o n his b r eas t t he golden breastp late

rep resenting the sun, surround ed by the
ca lend a r of mo nths R o und his waist the
.

fourfold belt of t o ca p u A crimson mantle of .

fi n e v ic u na w o o l, f as tened o n his sho ulders

by golden p uma s hea ds Sho es of Cloth of

’
.

go ld . H e sits do wn on the go lden t iana .

)
Inca Pacha cuti Cusi Coyllur ! St ar o f j o y ,
.

Mo st lo vely o f my p ro geny !
Th o u symb o l o f p arent al lo ve
Thy lip s a re lik e t h e hua yruru. l
’
R est up on t hy fat h er s breast ,

R ep o se, my chil d , wit hin mine a rm s .

( Cusi Co yll ur co mes a cross. T hey embra ce ) .

Unwin d t hyself my p recio us , o ne ,

A t hr ea d of g o l d wit hin t h e w o o f .

All my h app iness rest s up o n t h ee,

Th o u a rt my grea t est d eligh t .

Thin e ey es are lovely a nd b righ t ,

rays o f my fat h er t h e Sun
A S t he .

Wh en t hy lip s are m oving t o sp ea k ,

Wh en t hine ey elids are ra ised wit h a sm ile,

Th e wid e w o rl d is fairly ent ra nced .

Thy b rea t hing emb alms t h e fresh air

1 H ua yr ur u is t h e see d o f a t h o rn y bu h s , ery thrina rubra , o f a

b ig h t
r red c o lo ur. Zg
e a rra ha s co ra l a s t he e
q ui v a le nt fo r hua yruru.
354 TH E H A RVE ST SONG A CT I

Th e grains are w hit e,

0 T uya llay,
So sw eet fo r fo o d ,
0 T uya llay .

Th e fruit is sw e et ,
0 T uya lla y,
Th e l eav es a re green
0 T uya llay
But t h e t ra p is set ,
0 T uya llay .

Th e lim e is t h ere ,
0 T uya llay .

We ’
11 c ut t hy claw s,
O T uya llay,
To seiz e t h ee q uic k ,

0 T uya llay .

A sk Piscaca , 1

O T uya llay,
N aile d on a b ranch ,

O T uya llay .

Wh ere is h er h eart ,
0 T uya lla y 2
Wh ere h er p lum es,
O T uya lla y 2
Sh e is c ut up ,
0 T uya lla y ,

Fo r st ealing grain,
O T uya lla y .

See t h e fa t e ,
O T uya llay,
Of ro bb er b ird s ,

0 T uya llay .

T he p isca ca is a m uc
l h la r g er bi d t h
r an t h e tuya
. h
T ese
p isca ca s ( co cc o bo r us to r ridus ) a re n a ile d t o t re es a s a w arnin
g to
ot h er bir ds . T hy
e a re bl kac , wit h w h it b e re a st s.
SCEN E II T H E YAR A H UI 355

Pa cha cuti Cusi Co yllur rem ain t h o u h ere

.
, ,

Thy m o t h er s p al ac e is t hy h o m e
’

F ail no t t o a muse t hyself ,

Surro und e d by t hy m aid en frien d s .

a Pa c h a c ut i, the Cc o y a
[Exe unt t he In c

A nah ua rqui, a nd a ttenda nts .

Cusi Coyllur I sh o ul d b et t er lik e a

. sa dd er so ng .

My d ea rest frien d s, t h e la st y o u sang

T o m e fo re sh a d o w e d evil t hin gs 1
Yo u wh o sang it leave m e no w .

[Exeunt bo ys and gir ls, exce

p t o ne gir l
who sings .

Tw o lo v ingbird s are in d eSp a ir, 2

They m o an t h ey w e ep
, , t h ey sigh

Fo r sno w h a s fall en on t h e p air,

T o h o llo w t ree t h ey fly .

B ut 10 o ne d ov e is left a lon e
And m o urns h er c ruel fat e
Sh e m a k es a sa d an d p it eo us m o an ,
Al o ne w it h o ut a m at e .

Sh e fears h er friend is d ea d a nd go ne
Co nfi rm e d in h er b elief ,

H er so rro w fin d s relief in so ng ,
A nd t hus sh e t ells h er grief .

Sweet m a t e A la s, w h ere a rt t h o u no w 2
I miss t hin e ey es so b righ t ,

Thy feet up o n t h e t end er b o ugh ,

Thy b reast so p ure an d b righ t

’
.

1 In t h e tuya sh e se es h er hu b s a nd Olla nt a y, w il e t he h p o or

princ e s he s rself b
is t h e fo r id d en g r a in.

2 h
T is is a ya ra hui o r m o ur nful ele gy , of h h th
w ic ere are so

y h
ma n in t h e Quic ua la n ua e Th e sin g g . ge rs o f th m w
e e re kno wn

as ya ra huec .

AA ?
356 PA CH A CUT I A ND OLLA NT A Y m 1

Sh e w and ers fo rt h fro m st o ne t o st o ne,

Sh e seek s h er m a t e in va in
My lo ve my lo v e sh e m a k es h er mo an,

Sh e falls , sh e dies in p ain .

Cusi Coyllur Th at yara hui is t oo

. sa d ,

Leave m e alo ne .

[ xit the girl who

E sa ng the ya rah ui .

No w my t ea rs c an freely flw o .

SCE N E 3

Gr eat ha ll in the p a la ce of Pa c h a c ut i T he IN CA , a s .

before, discov ered seated on a go lden t iana L Enter to him R . .

OLLA N T A Y and R U M I NA U I -
.

Pacha cuti Th e t im e h as a rriv e d 0 grea t Chiefs,

.
,

T o d ecid e o n t h e c o ming c amp a ign .

Th e Sp ring is a pp ro a ching us no w ,

A nd o ur arm y must st art fo r t h e w a r .

To t h e p ro v i ce o f Co
n ll a
1
w e m a r ch
Th ere is new s o f Ch ay a nt a
’
s 2 a d v anc e .

Th e enemies m ust er in st rengt h ,

Th ey Sh arp en t h eir a rro w s a nd sp ea rs .

Olla ntay 0 King, t h a t w il d ra bb le unt a ugh t

.

Ca n never resist t hine a rra y

Cuz c o alo ne w it h it s h eigh t
IS a b a rrier t h a t c anno t be st o rm e d .

T w ent y fo ur t h o usa nd o f m ine ,

Wit h h e r champ is selec t e d w it h c a re,

t i 3

Imp a t ient ly w a it fo r t h e sign,

1 Co lla -suy u, t he b a sin o f la k e T itica ca .

2 Cha ya nta , a t ri be in t he mo nt a fi a so ut h of t he Ca lla s

.

Chump i, a h
o ne - a nd ed b a t t le a xe.
-
35 8 E
T H E A PP A L o r OLLA NT A Y m 1

H av ing nee d of t hy v al o ur an d s kill .

R umi -
na ui . Wit h resp e c t I o b ey t hy c o m m an d .

[Exit R um i iia ui -
.

Ollantay Th o u know est , 0 m o st gra cio us Lo rd

.
,

Th a t I h av e serve d t h ee fro m a y o ut h ,

H ave w o rk e d w it h fo rt it ud e and t rut h ,

Thy t reasure d p ra ise w a s my rew a r d 1
.

A lld angers I h ave gla dly m et ,

Fo r t h ee I alw a y s w a t ch e d by nigh t ,

Fo r t h ee w a s fo rw a r d in t h e fi gh t ,

My fo reh ea d ever b at h e d in sw ea t .

Fo r t h ee I
’
ve b een a sa v age fo e ,
U rging my A nt is 2 no t to sp a re ,

But kill a nd fi ll t h e l an d wit h fea r,

An d m a k e t h e b lo o d o f c on q uered flw o .

My d rea d e d
nam e is as a ro p e , 3

I v e m a d e t h e h ardy Y unc as 4 y iel d

’
,

By m e t h e fat e o f Chancas 5 seale d ,

Th ey are t hy t h ralls wit h o ut a h o p e .

1 In t h e o rigina l Quic hua Oll a nt a y ma k es his

, a pp eal t o t he
y b v
Inc a in qua t ra ins o f o c t o s lla ic erse s, t he r st line r min wit fi hy g h
t h e la st , a nd t h e se co nd wit t h e t ird h
G arc il a sso d e la e a a nd h . V g
h
o t ers t e st if y p fi y
t o t h e ro c ie nc o f t h e Inc a s in t is fo rm o f c o m h
p o sit io n.

2 Oll a nt a y w a s V ic ero y o f A nt i uyu -s .

Cha hua r, a ro p e o f a lo e fib e A c ur b r . o r re st ra int .

4 Ra p ra nc uta n c uc hurca ni lit e ra ll y , I hv a e c li pp ed t h e ir g
w in s .
’

R a p ra , a w ing .

5 T he p o w erful na t io n o f Cha nc a s, w it h t h i hi f H u
e r c e , an

ca v ilca , in h b it
a ed t he g re a t v a ll e y of An d hu y l
a nd w
a as a ere

fo rm id a le rib v ls f t h
a o e Inc a s . B ut t hy
e w e re su bdu d by e

Pa cha c uti lo n g b fo e Oll

e r a nt a
y can h v b a e e en b o r n. An a llo w

a bl e d ra ma t ic a na c h ro nis m .
saw 11 1 T H E A PP EA L OF OLLA NT A Y 35 9

’
Tw a s I w h o st ruc k t h e fa t al blo w ,

Wh en w arlik e H uan ca v ilc a 1 ro se,

Dist urbing t hy a ugust rep o se

A nd laid t h e might y t ra it o r lo w .
2

Ollant ay ever led t he v an,

Wh erev er men w ere d o o m e d t o die

Wh en st ubb o rn fo es w ere fo rc e d t o fl
y ,

Ollant ay ever w a s t h e m an .

No w ev ery t rib e b o w s d o w n t o t h ee
So m e na t io ns p ea cefully w ere led ,

Th o se t ha t resist t h eir blo o d is sh e d

But all, 0 King , w a s d ue t o m e .

O Sovereign Inc a grea t and b rav e

,

R ew a rd s I kno w w ere also mine ,

My gra t it ud e and t h ank s are t hine ,

T o me t h e go l d en a xe y o u gave .

Inc a t h o u ga v est m e co mm and

’
An d rule o er all t h e A nt i ra c e ,
To m e t h ey ev er yiel d w it h gra c e ,
And t hine, grea t King , is a ll t h eir land .

My d eeds
my m erit s a re t hine o w n
, ,

To t hee alo ne my w o r k is d ue .

Fo r one m o re fa v o ur I w o ul d sue ,

M fait h ful serv ic e— t h reno wn

y y .

Olla nt ay kneels before the Inc a )

( .

1 2 H ua nc a v il c a w as c hi f
e of t h e po w erful na t io n of Cha nc a s
.
360 T H E A PP A L E REJ E CT ED f or 1

Thy t hr all I bo w t o t hy b eh est ,

Thy fi a t no w w ill seal my fa t e .

0 King , my serv ic es a re gre at ,

I p ray t h ee gra nt o ne last re quest .

I a sk fo r Cusi Co yllur s h and

’

If t h e Nusta s lo v e I v e w o n
’ ’
1 .

0 King y o u 11 h ave a fait h ful

’
so n,

F earless, w ell t rie d , at t hy c omm an d .

Pa chacuti Olla nt ay , t h o u d o st n o w p resum e

. .

Th o u a rt a subj e c t no t h ing m o re
, .

R em em b er ho ld o ne w h o t h o u a r t ,
, ,

A nd lea rn t o k eep t hy p ro p er p la c e.
Ollantay St rik e m e t o t h e h ea rt
. .

Pacha cuti Tis fo r m e t o se e t o t h a t ,

’
.

A nd no t fo r t h ee t o ch o ose .

Thy p resum p t io n is a b surd .

B e go n e
[Ol l i
'

a nt ay r ses a nd cant R .

SCE N E 4

A ro cky height a bove Cuz co to the NE . Dista nt view

of the cit
y o f Cuz co a nd o f the S a csa huama n hill, cro wned
by the fortress .

( nter OLLA N TA Y
E med )
ar .

Olla nta y A la s, Olla nt ay Ollant ay

.

Th o u m ast er o f so m a ny la nd s,
Insul t ed by him t h o u served st w ell .

0 my t h rice b eloved Co yllur,

-

Th ee t oo I Sh all lo se fo r ev er .

1 Nueta , Princ ess.

362 OLLAN T A Y A ND PIQUI CH A QU I A 0 1) 1

A ll t h e d o ors w ere cl o sed a n d fa st ened ,

Exc ep t t h e p rin cip al d oo rw ay ,
A nd t h a t w a s l eft w it h o ut a guard .

Ollanta y A n d t h e servant s 2
fld
.

Piq ui Chaqui Even t h e mic e h a d

. e a nd go ne ,
Fo r no t hing h a d b een l eft t o ea t .

Onl y an o w l w a s b ro o ding t h ere,

Ut t ering it s c ry o f evil o men .

Olla nta y Perh ap s t h en h er fa t h er h a s t a k en h er

.
,

T o hid e h er in his p ala c e b o un d s .

Piqui Cha qui T h e In c a m ay h av e st ra ngle d h er

.

H er m o t h er t o o h a s disap p eared .

Olla ntay Did no o ne ask fo r m e

.

B efo re y ou w ent aw ay 2
Piqui Chaqui Near a t ho usand m en a re
. see king
Fo r y o u, a nd all are enemies,
A rm e d w it h t h eir misera b le club s .

Olla nta y If t h ey all a ro se a ga inst m e

.
,

Wit h t his arm I d fi ght t h em all

’

No y et h a s b eat t his h and ,

o ne

Wielding t h e champ i Sh arp an d t rue .

Piqui Chaqui I t o o w o ul d lik e t o give

. a st o r ke
A t l east , if my enemy w a s un arme d .

Olla nta y T o w h o m 2
.

Piqui Chaqui I m ean t h a t Urco H uara nca chief,

.

Wh o la t ely w a s in search o f t hee .

Olla nta y Perh a p s t h e Inca send s him h ere

.

If so my a nger is a ro use d .

Piqui Cha qui No t fro m t h e King , I am a ssured ,

.

He co m et h of h is o w n a cco r d
A nd y et h e is a n igno b le m a n .

Ollanta y H e h as left Cuz c o , I

. b elieve
Zge a rr a sa y th
s at it is no t . B efo re t he Sp ni a a rd s c a m e , t h ere wa s
a s ma ll w ild c a t in t he A nd es c a ll e d misi p una
-
. B ut t h e Jus t inia ni
t e xt h as a llc o, a d o g .
SCE N E Iv T H E SONG OF T H E ST A R 363

My o wn h eart t ells m e it is so
I m sure t h at o w l ann o unc es it
’
.

We 11 t a k e t o t h e hill s a t
’
o nc e .

Piqui Chaqui But w ilt t h o u a b a nd o n t h e St a r 2

.

Ollantay Wh a t c a n I d o ala s
.
,

Sinc e Sh e h a s di sa p p ear ed 2
A las, my d ov e my sw eet p rinc ess .

( M usic hear d a mong the roc ks ) .

Piqui Chaqui List en t o t h a t yara hui,

.

Th e so und c o m es fro m so m ew here near .

( They sit on rocks .

)

In a m o m ent I lo st my b elo v e d ,

Sh e w a s go ne a n d I ne v er knew w h ere
,

I so ugh t h er in fi el d s a nd in w o o d s ,

A sking all if t h ey d seen t h e Co yll ur

’
.

H er fa c e w a s so lov ely a nd fa ir,

Th ey c alle d h er t h e b eaut iful St ar.
No o ne el se c a n be t a k en fo r h er,
Wit h h er b eaut y no girl c an c omp are .

Both t h e sun an d t h e m o on seem to Shine ,

R esp len d ent t h ey shin e fr o m a h eigh t

Th eir ra y s t o h er b eaut y resign
Th eir b ril liant ligh t wit h d eligh t .

H er h air is a so ft ra ven blac k ,

H er t resses b oun d w it h go l d t h rea d

a re ,

Th ey fall in lo n g fo l d s d o w n h er b a c k ,

A nd a dd ch a rm t o h er b ea ut iful h ea d .

H er y elash es b righ t en h er fa ce
e ,

Tw o rainb ow s less b rilliant an d fair ,

364 OLLA NT A Y AN D PIQUI CH A QU I A CT 1

H er e y es full of merc y a nd ra
g c e,
Wit h no ugh t but t w o suns c an c o m p a re .

Th e y elids wit h arro ws c oncealed

e ,

Gaily sh o o t t h eir ray s int o t h e h eart

Th ey o p en 10 b eaut y revealed
, ,

Pierc es t hro ugh lik e a glit t ering d art .

H er c hee k s A cha ncara 1 o n sno w ,

d aw n
H er fa ce m o re fa ir t h an t h e
Fro m h er m o ut h t h e la ugh t er d o t h fl
,

ow ,

B et w een p earls as b righ t as t h e mo rn .

Sm o o t h a s c ry st al and sp o t le ssly clear

Is h er t h ro a t , like t h e c o rn in a sh ea f
H er b o soms w hich sc arcely a p p ear
, ,

Lik e fl o w ers c o nceale d by a lea f .

H er b eaut iful
h an d is a sigh t ,
A s it rest s fro m all d angers sec ure ,

H er fi ngers t ransp a rent ly w hit e ,

Lik e icicles Sp o t less a nd pu re .

Ollantay ( rising ) . Th a t singer, un seen a nd unk no w n.

H as d eclare d Co yll ur s b eaut y a nd gra c e
’

H e sh o ul d fly h enc e w h ere grief overwh elm3 , .

0 Princess O loveliest St ar,

I alo ne a m t h e c a use o f t hy d eat h ,
I a lso sh o ul d die wit h my love .

Piqui Chaqui Perh a p s t hy st ar ha s p a sse d aw a y ,

.

Fo r t h e h ea v ens a re so m b re a nd grey
fl
.

Olla ntay Wh en t h ey kno w t h a t t h eir Ch ief h a s e d ,

.

1 A cha nca ra , a b e go nia . A red fl o w er in t h e ne i g h b o u ho o d

r

of Cuz c o , a c c o rd in g to Z eg a rra . One v a rie t y is red a nd h

w it e .
366 PA CH A CUTI A ND RUM I NA U I -
A CT I

R umi ri a ui H is fear m a k es him hi d e fro m t hy w rat h.

-
.

Pa chacuti T a k e a t h o usa n d m en fully arm ed

. ,

An d a t o nc e c o mm enc e t h e p ursuit .

R umi ri a ui Wh o c a n t ell w h a t d irec t io n t o t a k e 2

-
.

Three d ay s h av e g o ne by sinc e his fligh t ,

Perch an c e h e
’
s c o n c e al e d in so m e h o use ,
A n d t ill no w h e is t h ere, sa fel y h id .

E
( nter a ch a s q ui or messenger with q uip us ) .

B eh ol d , 0 King , a m esseng er
Fro m Urub am b a h e h as c ome .

Chasqui I w a s d ered t o c o me t o my King

. or ,

Swift a s t h e win d and b eh o l d m e , .

Pacha cuti Wh at new s b ringest t h o u 2

.

Chasqui This guip u w ill t ell t h ee, 0 King

. .

Pa chacuti Examine it , 0 R um i fi a ui
.
-
.

R umi na ui B eh o l d t h e lla nta , a nd t h e kno t s 1

-
.

A nno un c e t h e num b er of his m en .

Pa cha cuti (to Ch asq ui) An d t h o u w h a t h a st t h o u seen 2 .

,

Cha squi Tis said t h a t all t h e A nt i h o st

’
.

R ec eive d Ollant ay w it h a c cla im

Ma ny h ave se en and t h ey rec o un t , ,

Olla nt ay w ears t h e ro y al fringe .

R umi-na ui Th e quip u re c o rd say s t h e sam e

. .

Pa cha cuti Sc a rc ely c a n I rest ra in m y ra ge !

.

B rave chief c ommenc e t hy m arch a t

, o nc e ,

B efo re t h e t rait or ga t h ers st rengt h .

If t hy fo rce is no t eno ugh ,

Add fi ft y t h o usand m en o f mine .

A dva nc e a t o nc e wit h ligh t ning Sp eed ,

A nd h a l t no t t ill t h e fo e is rea ch ed .

R umi na ui T o m o rro w me the

'

-
.
-
sees on ro ut e,

1 T h e lla nta is t h e ma in ro p e of t he guip u, a o ut a b y a rd lo n g .

T he sm a ll c o rd s o f lla m a w o o l, of v a rio us c o lo ur s, d e no t in g diff e re n t

j
sub ec t s, e a c h w it hv a rio us kind s of kn o t s, re c o rding nu mb ers .
ge m v INCA PA CH A CUT I A ND RUM I NA UI
-
367

I go t o c all t h e t ro o p s a t o nce

Th e b els o n t h e Colla ro a d
re ,

I d rive t h em flying d o w n t h e ro c k s .

Thine enemy I b ring t o t h ee ,

D ea d o r aliv e Ollant ay falls

, .

M eanw hile O Inc a might y Lo rd

, , ,

R est and rely up o n t hy t hrall .

[Ehwunt

END OF A CT I .
 A CT 11

SCE N E 1

Ollantay-t amp u H a ll of the fortress-p a lace

. B a ck .

scene seven immense sto ne sla bs, resting o n them a mono lith

right across A bove maso nry

. A t sid es masonry w
. ith re
c esses v in the R
, centre a grea t d oorwa y
. A golden t ia na .

against the centra l sla b .

(Enter OLLA N T A Y and UR Co H UA R A N CA both ,

fully armed ) .

Urco H uara nca Oll a nt ay , t h o u h a st

. b een p ro claime d
By all t h e A nt is as t h eir Lo r d .

Th e w o m en w eep a s y o u w ill see

,

Th ey lose t h eir h usb a nd s a nd t h eir so ns,

Or d ere d t o t h e Chay a nt a w a r .

Wh en will t h ere be a final st o p

T o d ist ant w a rs 2 Y ear a ft er y ear
They send us all t o fa r-o ff lan d s,
Wh ere blo o d is m a d e t o o w lik e rain fl .

Th e King h imself is w ell sup p lie d

Wit h coca and all kinds o f fo o d .

Wh a t c ares h e t h a t his p eo p le st arv e 2

Cro ssing t h e wild s o ur lla m a s d ie ,

Our feet a re w o un d ed by t h e t h o rns ,

A n d if w e w o ul d no t die o f t hirst
We c a rry w a t er on o ur b ac ks .

Olla nta y Ga lla nt

. friend s Ye h ea r t ho se w o rd s,
Ye list en t o t h e m o unt ain c hief.

368
37 0 A CCLAMA T ION OF OLLANT A Y m n

Uilcaii o t a di st ant land ,

1
is a

Yet , even no w , h er p eo ple c o me

T o range t h emselves b enea t h t hy law .

( Oll ant ay is invested with

rises ).

Ollanta y Urc o H uaranc a , t h ee I

. nam e

Of A nt i-suyu Chief an d Lo rd ;
R eceive t h e arro w s a nd t h e p lum e ,

( Gives them ) .

H enc efo rt h t h o u a rt o ur g eneral .

"

Peop le Lo ng life t o t h e M o un t ain Ch ief

. .

"
H a nco H uayllu, 2 o f all my lord s
Olla nta y .

Th o u a rt m o st v enera b le a nd w ise,
B eing kin t o t h e august H igh Priest ,
It is my wish t h a t t h o u sh o ul d st give
Th e ring unt o t h e Mo unt ain Chief .

( Urc o H uara nc a kneels, and H a nc o H uayllu

a ddresses him ).

H a nco H ua ylla This ring aro un d t hy

. fi nger ’
S p la ce d
Th a t t h o u m ay st feel, a nd ne er fo rget ,
’

Th a t wh en in fi gh t t h o u a rt enga ged ,
Clemency b eco m es a h ero chief .

Urcc H uaranca A t h o usand t im es illust rio us king

.
, ,

I b less t h e e fo r t hy t rust in m e .

H anco H uaylla B eh o l d t h e valiant Mo unt ain Chief

.

No w fully a rm e d fro m h ea d t o fo o t ,

A nd b rist ling lik e t h e guiscahuan 3 ,

A c c o ut re d a s b ec o m es a knigh t .

1 T he sno w y
m o unt a in fa r t o t he so ut , in sig t fro m Cuz c o h h .

Uilca , sa c red unuta , w a t e r H e re is t he so urc e o f t he riv er Uilca

.

ma yu, w ic h hfl o ws by
Olla nta y ta mp u -
.

2 T h e a ed H a nco H ua lla as A u ui o r Princ e o f t he

g y q , loo d , B
a nd re la t io n o f t h e H ig h
Prie st , g a v e é c la t t o t ese c ere mo nies h .

yh
3 Quisca hua n, a n t in full o f t o rns
g h .
so me .1 INV ST IT E URE S 37 1

( T urning t o Ur co H ua ranc a )
.

N e er ’
let t hine enemies ta ke t h ee in rear

Man o f t h e Puna 1 it ne er c a n be said

’

fl
,

Yo u ed o r t rem ble d a s a reed .

Urcc H uara nca H ea r m e w a rrio rs o f t h e A nd es !

.
,

Al rea dy w e h ave a valiant king ,

It migh t be h e w ill be a t t a c k e d
Tis said t h o l d In c a sen ds a fo rc e
’ ’
,

Th e m en o f Cuz co no w a dv anc e .

We h ave no t a single d ay t o lo se ;
Call fr o m t h e h eigh t s o ur Puna m en ,

Prep are t h eir arm s w it h o ut d ela y ,

M a k e Ta m p u st ro ng w it h ram p a rt w alls,
No o ut l et leave wit h o ut a gua r d
On hill slo p es ga t h er p o is no us h erb s
’

To sh o o t o ur a rro w s, c a rr ying d ea t h .

Olla ntay ( to Urc o H uaranc a ) Sel ec t t h e c hie fs .

Fix a ll t h e p ost s fo r di fferent t rib es ;

Our fo es k eep m arching w it h o ut sleep
Co nt rive t o ch ec k t h em by surp rise .

Th e comp i 2 ruse m ay c ause t h eir fligh t .

Urco H uara nca Thir t y t h o usan d b ra v e An t is are he re

. .

A m o ngst t h em no w ea kling is fo un d
A p u Marut i t h e migh t y in w a r
3
, ,

Fro m hig U c p a p a will c o m e

h i
l a m 1 ‘

O s p e ll st a nd
’
n t ee T in ui
q q eu r u 5 h

1 Puna , t he lo ft ier pa rt s o f t h e A nd es .

Comp i, c lo t h or a c lo a k . This w a s an ex p ressio n of t he

a nc ie nt Peru ia ns,v er a p h p s e qui va l ent to o ur h o o d w in kin g .

8 A p u M arut i w a s t h e h ea d of t he a yllu o f t h e Inc a Ya uar h

H uac c a c , g h
ra ndfa t er o f Pa c h a c ut i It w a s c all ed . t he a y llu

A uc a ylli Pa na c a -M esa , A na les d el Cuz c o , quo t ed by

. Zg
e arra .

Uil c a p a mp a , m a ss
4 of mo unt ains b et w een t he Uil c a ma yu a nd
A p urim a c .

5 T inqui Quer u, b e t w ee n Urup a mp a a nd T am u p

Th e w o rd
.

me a ns t wo vas es c o u pl ed .
’
H ere are t wo r o und e d hill s c o nne c t ed

by a sa d dle, t h
r ee a nd a h alf mil es fr o m T a m p u .
37 2 SOLILO QU Y OF RUMI NA U I -
I.

To m arch w h en t h e Signal a pp ea rs
On t h e o pp osit e sid e o f t h e st ream
Princ e Ch ara 1 h as m ust ere d his fo rc e ;
In t h e go rge Ch aramuni 2 I p o st
T en t ho usan d a rm ed A nt is o n w a t ch ;
A no t h er such fo rce is in w a it
On t h e left in t h e vale o f Pa ch a r 3
, .

We a re rea dy t o m eet o ur fo es,

We a w ait t h em w it h reso lut e c a lm

Th ey w ill m arch in t h eir con fi d ent p r id e

Unt il t h eir is c ut o ff,
ret rea t

Th en t h e t rum p et o f w a r sh all reso un d ,

Fro m t h e m o un t ains t h e st o nes sh all p o ur down ,

Grea t b lo c k s will be h urle d fr o m a b ove .

Th e H uanc as 1 a re c rush e d o r disp ersed

‘

Th en t h e knife sh all d o it s fell w o rk ,

All will p erish by b lo w s fro m o ur h and s,

Our a rro w s w ill fo llo w t h eir fligh t .

Peop le and so ldiers It is w ell ! It is . very w ell !

( Cheers and martia l music ) .

[Exeunt

SCE N E 2

A wild p la ce in the mo untains . Distant v iew f

o

Ollantay-tamp u .

( Enter R U M I-NA U I , torn a nd r agged , a nd

cov ered with bloo d , with t wo a ttenda nts . )

R umi-na ui A h ! R umi fi a ui— R umi naui, 5
.
- -

1 Ch a ra was a no t h er Ya ua r H ua c ca c
d esc end a nt of h .

2 A ra vin e on t he rig t an h b k
o f t he Vilc a ma yu .

3 Pa c h ar is on t he le ft a n o f t he Vilc a ma yu o pp o sit e Olla nt a y

b k
p
t a m u, wit h w hi h c it is c o nne c t e d by p b id g
a ro e r e.

4 H ua nc as, na t i es o fv t he v ll a e y f J uj In
o a a— c a re c ruit s.

6 Likc Olla nt a y in his a pp e al t o t he Inca , R umi-fi a ui, in t he

37 4 SOLILO QU Y OF RU M I NA U I -
A CT H

A b o t h great and sm all

ra in o f st o n es

D o w n o n t h e c row d o f w arrio rs crash ed

On every Side d est ruc t io n fl ash e d ,

Thy h ea rt t h e sla ugh t er did a pp al .

Lik e a st ro ng flo o d the b lo o d d id flw o ,

Inun d a t ing t h e ra vine

’
So sa d a Si gh t t h o u ne er h a st seen
No m an sur v ive d t o st rik e a b lo w .

O t hou w h o art by t his disgrac ed ,

Wh at fi gure c anst th ou ever Sh o w

B efo re the king , w h o see s t o k kno w
Th e t rut h , w hich m ust be fa c e d 2

’
Tis b e t t er far my self t o kill ,

Or lo sing every sc ra p o f h o p e ,

T o h ang my b o dy w it h t his ro p e .

( T a kes a sling o f! his cap — going .

)
Yet m ay it no t be useful st ill 2

( Turns aga in .
)
Wh en b ol d Oll ant ay s ’
end h as co me .
1

1 Clea rl y , fro m R umi-na ni s

’
o wn a c c o unt , t he st ra t e gy of

Urc c H ua ra nc a h a d b ee n a com plet e a nd brilli a nt suc c ess.

30 m m1 11 PIT U SA LLA AN D YMA SUMA C 37 5

SCE N E 3

A garden in the ho use of the Virgins of the S un Chil c a .

shrubs and mu lli trees ( Schinus Mo lle) with p anicles of

red berries . The wa lls of the house a t the back, with a door .

A gate ( )
L . op ening o n the street .

( YM A SU M A C d iscover ed at the gate looking

out . T o her enters ( ) R . PI T U SA LLA Both .

dressed in white with go lden belts .

)
Pitu S a lla Yma Sum a c , d o no t app ro a ch
.

So near t h at g at e, an d so o ft en
It migh t aro use t h e Mo t h er s wrat h
’
.

Thy nam e w hich is so d ear t o m e

, ,

Will surely p ass from m out h t o m o ut h .

H ono ur sh all be sh own t o ch o sen o nes, 1

Wh o wish t o close t h e o ut er gat e .

Am use t hy self wit hin t h e w alls,

And no o ne t h en c an say a w o r d .

Think w ell wh a t y ou c an fi nd w it hin

It gives y o u all y o u c an d esire,
Of dresses, go l d , and d aint y foo d .

Th o u art b eloved by every o ne ,

E en Virgins o f t h e ro y al b lo o d
’
.

Th e Mo t h ers love t o carry t h ee ,

Th ey giv e t h ee kisses a n d c aress

Yo u t h ey p refer t o all t h e rest .

Wh at mo re c o ul d a ny o ne d esire ,

Th an alw ay s t o rem ain wit h t h em ,

1 A ella Cuna , t h e sele c t ed o ne s, t he V irgins of t he Sun . T hy e

w ere und er t h e su p erv isio n o f so c a lle d Mo t h ers— M ama Cuna . T he

no v ic es w ere no t o blig ed to ta k e t he o at h s at t he e nd of t h eir

v
no it ia te .
37 6 PIT U SA LLA A ND YMA SUM A C A CT H

D est ined t o be se rvant of t h e Sun 2

c o nt emp l a t ing H im t h ere s p ea ce
’
In .

Yma S uma c . Pit u Salla , ever yo u rep ea t

Th e sa m e t hing an d t h e sam e a dvic e
I will o p en t o t h ee my w h o le h eart ,
A nd say exa c t ly w h at I t hink .

Kno w t h at t o m e t his c ourt and h o use

A re insup p o rt a b l e— no less
Th e p la c e Op p resses— frigh t ens m e
E a ch d ay I c urse my d est iny .

Th e fa c es o f all t h e M a ma Cuna
Fill m e w it h h a t re d a n d disgust ,
A nd fro m t h e p la ce t h ey m a k e m e sit ,
No t hing else is visibl e .

A ro un d m e t h ere is no t hing b righ t ,

’
A ll a re w eep ing and ne er c ea se
If I c o ul d ever h av e my w ay ,

No p erso n sh o ul d rem a in w it hin .

I see t h e p eo p le p a ss o ut sid e,
Laughing a s t h ey w al k a lo ng .

Th e rea so n it is p lain t o see

Th ey a re no t m ew e d and c lo ist ere d h ere .

Is it b ecause I ha v e no m o t h er,
Th a t I a m k ep t a p riso n er 2
Or is it I m a rich no v ic e 2
’

Th en from t o -d ay I w o ul d be p o o r .

La st nigh t I c o ul d no t g et t o sleep ,
I w a nd ere d d o wn a a
g r d en w al k;
In t h e d ea d silenc e of t h e nigh t ,
I h ea r d o ne m o urn . A b itt er c ry ,
AS o ne w h o so ugh t a nd p ray e d fo r d eat h .

On ev ery sid e I lo o k e d a b o ut ,

My h a ir a lm o st o n end w it h frigh t ,

Trem b ling I c ri ed
, Wh o c anst t h o u be 2
,

Th en t h e v o ic e m urmured t h ese sa d w o rd s
378 M A MA CCA CCA A ND PIT U SA LLA A CT 11

Tha t t h e se w all s o ffer h er a h o m e,

Suit ed fo r o ut c a st s such a s sh e,
And h ere no ligh t is seen .

[Exit , L.

Pitu S a lla A y , my Sum a c

. Yma Sum a c
Th ese w alls w ill be c ruel ind ee d ,
T o hid e t hy surp assing b eaut y .

( Gla ncing to where M a m a Cc ac c a went o ut .

)
Wh at a serp ent Wh at a p um a
 A CT III

SCE N E 1

T he Pamp a M oroni, a street in Cuz co . Enter R U M I

NA U I ( )
L .
1 in a long black cloa k with a train , a nd PI Q U I
CH A Q U I meeting ea ch o ther.

R umi ria ni Whenc e Piq ui Ch a q ui , co m est t h o u2

‘

-
.
,

D o st t h o u h ere see k Olla nt ay

’
s fa t e 2
Piqui Chaqui Cuz co , grea t lo rd , is my . b irt h p la c e ;
I h a st en b ac k unt o my h o m e .

I c are n o t m o re t o p a ss my d ay s
In dism al and p ro fo un d rav ines .

R umi-na ui T ell m e , Oll ant ay— w h a t

. d o es he 2
Piqui Cha qui H e is b usy no w . ent a ngling

A n alrea dy ent a ngle d sk ein .

R umi-ri aui Wha t sk ein 2 .

R umi -fia ui is t he in t erlo c uto r in t h e J ustinia ni t e xt , in t he

1

D ominica n t e xt , a nd in t h e t e xt o f S p ilsbury Ye t e arra w o ul d . Zg

b
su st it ut e t h e Uill a c Um a o r Hi Priest fo r R umi fia ui H is gh -
.

h
a rg ume nt is t a t t h e int erlo c ut o r w a s o f t h e lo o d ro a l, a nd t a t b -
y h
t h e Hi gh y
Prie st w a s a lw a s o f t h e lo o d ro a l, w ile R umi-fi a ui b -
y h
w a s no t B ut t h e t e xt d o es no t sa y t a t t he inte rlo c uto r w as o f
. h
t he y l bl d Z g
ro a oo . e a rra a lso sa y th t th
s a e int e rlo c ut o r w o re a
bl k l k with l ng
ac c oa a o t ra in, an d t h t t hia s w as t h e dr ess o f t h e
Hi gh Prie st B ut it w a s no t t h e dr ess o f t h e H i
. Priest as gh
d e scri ed b t he by
est a ut o rit ies b h
It w a s ro a l t h e enera l . p b by g
m o urnin dr ess g T h e t hr ea t s a d dr esse d t o Piqui C a qui w ere
. h
k y
li el e no u gh
t o c o m e fro m a so ldier, but no t fro m t h e H ig Priest h
a s h e is p y
o rt r a e d in t is d r a m a h .

37 9
380 RUM I NA UI -
A ND PIQUI CH A QUI f or. m

Piqui Cha qui . Sh o ul d y o u no t give m e so m e p esent

r

If y o u w a nt m e t o t al k t o y o u .

R umi-na ui Wit h a st ic k will I give t h ee

. b lo w s ,

Wit h a ro p e I will h ang t h ee .

Piqui Cha qui O, d o no t frigh t en m e

.

R umi-na ui Sp ea k t h en
. .

Piqui Cha qui Ollant ay Is it Ollant a y 2

. .

I c an r em em b er no
m o re .

R umi na ui Piq ui Ch a q ui; T a k e c a re

-
.

Piqui Chaqui B ut y o u w ill no t list en

.

I am t urning b lind ,
My ears a re get t ing d ea f ,

My gra nd m o t h er is d ea d ,
My m o t h er is left alo ne .

R umi-ri a ui Wh ere is Ollant ay 2 T ell m e

. .

Piqui Cha qui I am in w ant o f b rea d ,

.

A nd t h e Pa ccays 1 a re no t rip e .

I h av e a lo ng j o urney t o d ay -

Th e d esert is v ery far o ff .

R umi-na ui If y o u c ont inue t o v ex m e

.

I will t a k e y o ur life .

Piqui Cha qui Oll a nt ay , is it 2 H e is a t w o rk

. .

Olla nt ay H e is b uil ding a w all,

Wit h very sm all st o nes ind ee d
Th ey are b ro ugh t by lit t le dw a rfs
So sm all t h a t t o be a m an s siz e
’

Th ey h ave t o clim b o n each o t h er s b ac k s

’
.

B ut t ell m e, 0 frien d o f t h e King 2

,

1 Pa cca y ( mimosa inca na ) , a t ree wit h la rge p o ds h , a v in g a

sno w -w hit e w o o ll y b
su st a nc e ro und t he see d s, wit h sweet j ui ce.
2 T he Zg
e a rr a a nd Sp ils bury t e x t s a hv e Cca n Inca c ri, w ic h h
Zg
e a rra t ra nsla t es,
‘
r ela t io n o f t h e Inc a , of t he ro y fa mil
al y .

Sp il sbur y is m o re c o rrec t H e has a r t isa n

. p of t he Inc a
’
T he.

h
m o re a ut ent ic J ust inia ni t e xt h as Cca n Pa n a . T he p ar t ic le r i is
o ne o f e mp h as is o r re p et it i o n. It d o es no t me a n a re la t io n.
382 E
A CC SSION OF T U PA C Y UPA N QU I m m

SCE N E 2

Great ha ll of the p a la ce of T up a c Yup anq ui . T he

IN CA sea ted o n go lden t iana

h H P IE S T or UI LLA C UM A , with
( En te r t e I G H R

r ie sts a nd chosen Virgins of the S un T he

p .

IN CA dressed a s his fa ther Uillac Um a in .

full dress, wea ring the huamp ar ch uen .

Virgins in white with go ld belts a nd dia dems .

They ra nge themselv es by the throne

T hen enter R U M I-NA UI a nd a cro wd of chie s, f
a ll in full dress, ra nging themselves by the
thro ne

T up a c Yup anqui This d ay , 0 Co uncillo rs

. a nd Chiefs ,

Let a ll r ec eiv e my b enison ;

Yo u H o ly Virgins o f t h e Sun
1

R eceive o ur fa t h er s t en d erest c a re
’
.

Th e realm, rej o ic ing h ails m e king ; ,

F ro m d eep recesses o f my h eart

I sw ea r t o seek t h e go o d o f a ll .

Uilla c Uma T o -d ay t h e sm o k e o f m any

. b east s
A sc en d s o n high t o w a rd s t h e sun,
Th e D eit y wit h j o y a cc ep t s
Th e sa c rifi c e o f p ray er a nd p raise .

I I ntio H ua min Ca ccuna n ( Intic H ua rminc a Ca ycuna , c o rre c t ) ,

Yo w o men o f t he Sun e arra.

’
Zg h gh
t o u t , o n t he a ut
o rit of h y
V h h
G arc il asso d e la e ga , t a t t ese c o ul d no t be sele c t ir ins o f t h e V g
b v g v
S un, ec ause t h e ir ins w e re ne er a llo w e d o ut sid e t eir c o n e nt , h v
v
a nd no t e e n w o me n mi t e nt er gh
H e is c le a rl wr o ng
. Muc y . h
h gh h h
i er a ut o rit ies t a n G a rc il a sso , a s re a rds t is o int , es ec ia llg h p p y
V h
a le ra , t e ll us t a t t h e v
irgins w ere t rea t e d w it t he g rea t est o no ur h h
p
a nd r e s e c t .T e hy
too ar t ink p g
rea t rec e t io ns a nd fest i a ls, p v
a nd h
w en t h ype a ssed a lo n g t he st ree t s t h yhe ad a g u rd o f honour
a .
S CE N E II UILLA C UM A — RUMI NA U I - 383

We fo un d in a sh es o f theb ird s
Our o nl y Inc a , King , and Lo r d ,

In t h e grea t llam a sa crifi c e ;

A ll t h ere b eh el d a n ea gle s fo rm ,
’

We o p ene d it fo r a ugury ,
B ut 10 t h e h ea rt a n d ent rails go ne .

Th e e a gle A nt i suy u m ea ns
-

To t h y a llegian c e t h ey ret urn .

( B o wing t o the In ca .
)
Thus I, t hy a ugur , p ro p h esy .

( A cc la ma tio n .
) [Exeunt but Uilla c Um a
a ll

a nd R um i fi a ui -
.

T up ac Y up a nqui ( turning to R umi-fi aui) . B eho ld t he

H anan -suy u Chief
Who let t h e enem y esc a p e,

Wh o led t o al mo st c ert ain d eat h

So m any t h o usan d s o f my m en .

R umi-iia ui B efo re his d eat h t hy fa t h er knew

.

Disast er h a d b efallen me ;
Tis t rue, 0 King, it w a s my fa ul t ,
’ ’

Lik e a st o ne I g av e m y o rd ers,
1

A n d vo ll eyin g st o nes so o n b eat m e d o w n

It w a s wit h st o nes I h a d t o fi gh t ,

A nd in t h e en d t h ey c rush e d m y m en .

Oh ! grant m e , Lo rd , a Single c h anc e ,

Giv e p erfec t free d o m t o m y p lans ,

My self will t o t h e fo rt ress m arch

An d I w ill leav e it d eso la t e .

T up a c Yup a nqui Fo r t h e e t o st riv e w it h all t h mi h t

y g
.
,

Fo r t h ee t hine h o no ur t o regain,
Fo r t h o u sh alt n e er c o mm an d my m en
’

Unless t hy w o rt hiness is p ro ve d .

1 Rumi . He ke p pl ying up
e s a on his na me ;
384 T REA CH ERY OF RUM I—NA U I A CT III

Uillac Uma No t m any d ay s Sh all p ass, 0

. King ,

E er all t h e A nt is a re subd ue d
’
.

I v e seen it in t h e guip u ro ll,

’

H ast e ! H a st e ! t h o u R umi Tun qui 1 .

[Exeunt

SCE N E 3

T he grea t terra ce entra nce to Olla nta y ta mp u On R -

. .

a long masonry wa ll with recesses a t interv a ls A t ba ck .

a grea t entra nce doorwa y . On L. terraces descend , with

v iew o f va lley a nd mountains .

( Gu ar d s discov ered a t entra nce d oorwa

y T o .

them enter R U M I-NA UI in r ags, his fa ce c ut

a nd slashed with wounds, a nd covered with

blo o d ) .

R umi na ui -
. Will no o ne h ere h ave p it y o n m e ?
One of the Guards Wh o . art t h o u m a n 2 ,

Wh o h as ill t rea t ed t h ee 2
-

Th o u c o m est in a fr igh t ful st a t e ,

Co v ere d w it h b lo o d a nd ga p ing w o un d s
R umi na ui Go q uic kly t o t hy king a nd
-
. say

Th a t o ne h e loves h as c o m e t o him .

One of the Gua rds Thy nam e 2 .

R umi na ui There is no nee d t o give

-
. a nam e .

One of the Guards Wa it h ere . .

[Exit o ne o f the g ards

u .

1 A g ai n p l ying
a u po n t he na me of R umi-La ni . Th e H i gh
Pries t c a lls fo r h a st e , so he b
su st it ut es T ungui fo r Na ni ( e ye ) , t he
tunqui ( R up ico la Peruv ia na ) b inge o ne o f t h e m o st b e a ut iful bi dr s

in t h e fo res t s .
386 T RE A CH ER Y OF RUMI NA U I -
A CT m

Th e sunchu and
1 t h e nucchu 2 re d

A re sent to all h e w o ul d d est ro y .

D oub t less you h ave no t fo rge t

’
Th a t I w a s H ana n-suyu s Chief .

Yup an q ui o rd ere d me t o c o me ;
A rrive d , I c am e b efore t h e king ,
A nd a s h e h a s a c ruel h eart ,
H e h a d m e w o und e d a s y o u see ;
An d no w t h o u kno w est , king and friend ,
H o w t his n ew Inc a t reat e d me .

Olla nta y Grieve no t , o ld frien d R umi fi aui,

.
-

Thy w o und s b efo re all m ust be cure d ;

I see in t h ee t h avenging knife,
’

To use a gainst t h e t y rant s h eart

’
.

A t T amp u no w w e c eleb rat e

Th e Sun s grea t R aymi fest ival ;
’

On t h at d ay all w h o love my name ,

Thro ugh out my realm s h ol d fest ival .

R umi na ui Th o se t h ree d ays o f fest ival

-
.

T o m e will be a t ime o f j o y ,
Perh a p s I m ay be h eale d by t h en,
So t h at my h eart m ay p lea sur e seek .

Olla ntay It will be so . Fo r t hree wh o le nigh t s

.

We drin k and fea st , t o p raise t h e Sun ,

Th e b et t er t o c a st all c are a sid e
We sh all be shut in T amp u fo rt .

R umi naui The y o ut h s a s is t h eir w o nt will find

-
.
, ,

Th eir grea t d eligh t in t h o se t h re e nigh t s ,

Th en will t h ey rest fro m all t h eir t o ils,

A nd c a rr y o ff t h e willing girls .

1 S unchu, a ve y la rg e comp o
r sita wit h ya ell o w fl gro win ro und
o w er , g
Cuz c o h
It w a s o ne o f t o se w ic w ere used o n
. h h v
sa cre d fes t i a ls .

2 N ucc hu is a sa lvia
, a lso co nsid ere d sa c red A red o wer . fl .

hp h fl
Per a s t ese o w ers w ere se nt a s a summo ns fro m t he Inc a , but
hv
I a e no t see nht he c usto m ment io ned e lse w e re h .
 N
S CE E I v E R
T H E S C ET IN T H E G A RDE N 387

SCE N E 4

A corridor in the p a la ce f Cho sen Virgins

o .

( Enter YM A SUM A C PIT U SA LLA )

a nd .

Yma S umac Pit u Sall a , b eloved frien d ,

.

H o w lo ng w il t t ho u c o nc eal fro m m e
T h e sec ret t h a t I lo ng t o kno w 2
Think , d ea rest o f my anxio us h eart ,
,

H o w I sh all be in c o nst ant grief

Unt il yo u t ell t h e t rut h t o me .

Wit hin t h ese h ard and cruel b oun d s

D o es some o ne suffer for my sins 2
My sw eet c o mp anio n, d o no t hid e
Fro m m e, w h o t is t h at m o urns and w eep s
’

So m ewh ere wit hin t h e gard en w alls .

H o w is it sh e is so c o nc eale d
Tha t I c an never fi nd t h e p la ce 2
Pitu S a lla My Sum a c , no w I ll t ell t h ee a ll
’
.

Only c o nc erning w h at y o u h ear,

And st ill mo re sur ely w h at y o u see ,
Yo u must be d um b a s any st o ne ;
And yo u t o o mus t be w ell p rep a re d
Fo r a mo st sa d h eart -rend ing sigh t
Twill m a k e t h ee w eep fo r m any d ay s
’
.

Yma S uma c I w ill no t t ell a living so ul

.

Wh at yo u divul ge But t ell m e all,

.

I ll shut it clo sely in my h ea rt

’
.
 388 TH E DUNGE ON IN T H E GA RDEN A CT m

SCE N E 5

A secluded p art of the gardens of the Virgins (L ) , . flowers ,

(R )
. a thicket of mulli 1 and chilc a 2 c oncea lin a sto ne
, g doo r .

( PIT U SA LLA a nd YM A SUM A C ) .

Pitu S a lla In t his gard en is a d o o r o f st o ne,

.

But w a it un t il t h e Mo t h ers sleep ,

Th e nigh t c o m es o n Wait h ere fo r m e . .

[Exit
( Ym a S um ac r ec lines on a ba nk a nd slee s.
p
Night comes on, Ym a Sum a c

Yma S umac A t h o usan d st range p resent im ent s

.

Cro w d o n me no w I scarc e kno w wh at ,

Perh ap s I sh all see t h a t m o urn ful o ne

Wh o se fa t e alrea dy b rea ks my h eart .

Pi Salla returns with a c up of wa ter,

( t u a

sma ll covered va se containing foo d , and a

torch which gives to Ym a Sum a c

she She .

lea ds Ym a Suma c thro ugh bushes to the

stone d oor, fixes the torch, p resses something,

a nd t he door swings ro und ) .

( CU S I COY LLU R is discovered senseless, extended

o n the gro und , a sna ke t wining itself ro und

her waist .
)
Pitu S a lla B eh o l d t h e p rinc ess fo r w ho m yo u seek
. .

Well is t hy h eart now sat isfi ed 2

S chinus M o lle, a t ree w it
1 inna t e lea e s, a nd hp a nic les o f v p
red b
erries, w ell k
no wn in t h e Med it e rra nea n c o unt ries, int o w ic h h
it w as int rod uc ed fro m Peru Ca lled t h e En lis
. e by
er t re e
‘
g h p pp .

2 Se era l v b h
us es a re c a lled c hilca in Pe ru Eup a torium chilca .

ba cc ha ris sca nd ens, a nd mo lina la tifo lia S tereo xylon p end ul um

.

is c all ed p uma chilca .

39 0 U
S MA C D ISCOVERS H ER M OT H ER A CT III

Cusi Coyllur O ch a rming chil d , t h e

. see d o f l ov e ,

Sw eet flo w er fo r m y b ro k en h ea rt ,
I h ave b een t hrust in t his a by ss .

I o n ce w as j oined to a m an
A S p up il is p art o f t h e ey e ;
B ut ala s h a s h e fo rgo t t en m e 2
Th e King kn ew no t t h at w e w ere j oine d
By such in dissoluble b onds,
A nd w h en h e c am e t o ask my ha nd ,
Tha t King dismisse d him in a rage,
A nd cruelly c o nfine d m e h ere .

Ma ny y ears h ave p a sse d sinc e t h en ,

Yet as y o u see I m st ill alive

’

, ,

No single so ul h ave I b eh el d
Fo r all t h o se sa d a nd dism al y ears ,

No r h ave I fo un d relief no r h o p e .

But w h o art t h o u, my d ear , my love,

So y o ung, so fresh , so p it iful ?
Yma S uma c I t o o , lik e t h ee, am full o f grief,
.

Fo r lo ng I v e wish e d t o see and love,

’

My p o o r fo rlorn and sa d p rincess .

No fat h er , no mo t h er are mine ,

A nd t h ere a re no ne to c a re fo r me .

Cusi Coyllur Wh at a ge art t ho u 2

.

Yma S umac I o ugh t t o num b er many

. y ea rs ,

Fo r I d et est t his d rea d ful ho use,

A nd as it is a d reary p la ce,
The t ime in it seems v ery lo ng .

Pitu S a lla Sh e o ugh t t o numb er j ust t en y ears

.

A c co rd ing t o t he ac c o unt I v e k ep t
’
.

Cusi Coyllur A nd w h a t is t hy na me 2
.

Yma S umac They c all m e Yma Suma c no w ,

.

But t o give it m e is a m ist a k e .

Cusi Co yllur O my d augh t er O my lo st love,

.
S CE N E v1 T U PA C YUPA NQU I A ND UILLA C UM A

Co me t o t hy mo t h er
’
s y earning h eart .

( Embraces Ym a Sum a c .
)
Th o u my ha p p iness
art all ,

My d augh t er , c ome , 0 c o m e t o m e ;
This j oy q uit e inund a t es m y so ul ,
It is the name I gave to thee .

Yma S uma c O my m o t h er, t o fi n d t hee t hus !

.

We must be p art e d never mo re .

Do no t a b and on m e in grief .

T o w h o m c an I t urn t o free t hee,

To w h o m c a n I a pp e al fo r righ t 2
Pitu S a lla Ma k e no no ise my d earest friend ;
.
,

T o fi nd us t hus w o ul d ruin m e .

Let us go I fear t h e Mo t h ers

. .

Yma S uma c ( to Cusi Co yllur) Suffer a sh o rt t ime longer .

h ere,
Unt il I co m e t o t a k e t h ee h ence,
Pa t ienc e fo r a few m o re d ays .

A la s my m o t h er d ear I go ,
But full o f lo ve ,
to see k fo r h elp ,

[Exeun t c losing the stone d oor, a ll but Cusi

Co yllur T hey extinguish the torch

. .

SCE N E 6

Gr eat ha ll in the p a la ce o f p
T u a c Y up an q ui .

( T he IN CA discovered sea ted o n the t iana . To

him enter the UILLA C UM A , in full dress ) .

T up a c Yup a nqui I gr eet t h ee , grea t

. a n d no ble Priest
H a st t h o u no new s o f R um i-fi aui .

Uilla c Uma La st nigh t , w it h guar d s, I w and ered o ut

.

On h eigh t s t o w a rd s Uil c a fi ut a .
 392 N E WS OF FA LL OF OLLAN T A Y T AM P U -
A CT 11:

Far o ff I sa w a c ro w d in ch ains,
N o d o ub t t h e A nt i p riso ners,
Fo r t h ey are all d efea t e d uit e q .

Th e ca cti 1 o n t h e m o un t ains smo ke ,

E en no w t h e fo rt ress is in fl am es
’
.

T up a c Yup a nqui A nd Oll ant ay is h e t a k en 2

.
,

Perh ap s— I h o p e his life is sav e d .

Uilla c Uma Oll ant ay w a s am o ng t h e flames

.
,

Tis said t h a t no o ne h as esc ap e d

’
.

T up ac Yup anqui Th e Sun my Fa t h er, is my Shiel d ,

.
,

I a m m y fa t h er s c h osen chil d
’
.

We must subdue t h e reb el h o st ,

Fo r t h a t I am a pp o int e d h ere .

( Enter a CH A S Q UI with a quip u in his hand ) .

T he Cha squi This m o rning . at t he d awn o f d ay ,

R umi-fi aui d esp at ch e d t his quip u .

T up a c Yup a nqui ( to the Uilla c Uma) See wh a t it say s . .

Uillac Uma This kno t , c o lo ure d b urnt a huarancu,

.

T ell s us t h a t Tamp u t o o is b urnt

This t rip le kno t t o w hich is h ung
Ano t h er w hich is q uint up le,
In all o f q uint up les are t hree,
D eno t es t h at An t i suyu S t hine -
’
,

It s rul er p riso ner o f w ar .

T up a c Y up a nqui ( to the Ch asq ui) . A nd t h o u . Wh ere

w ert t h e n 2
T he Cha squi Sole King and Lo rd . Chil d of t h e Sun
I a m t h e fi rst t o b ring t h e new s,
T h at t h o u m ay st t ram p le o n t h e fo e,
A nd in t hine a nger d rink t h eir b lo o d .

T up a c Yup anqui Did I . no t reit era t e c o mm an s d

1 A kind of c a c t us , o f w ich h th y e ma k e nee dl es, g ro ws a bun
d a ut l y on t he m o unt a ins r o und Olla nt a y -t a m p u . It is c a ll ed

a hua ra ncu. T hy e se t fir e t o t he c act i as a w ar sig na l. Z eg a rra

c a lls it a h
t is t le . T he w o rd in t he J ust inia ni t e xt is a huara nc a .
394 T H E CH A SQUI S TAL
’
E Ao

Th e se re b els fell int o t he t rap ,

Th e arro w s c a me on t hem lik e rain,

Mo st die d in t h eir sleep wit h o ut p ain,

No t kn owing t heir fat al mish ap .

Ollant ay , st ill t rust ing w a s t a en,

’

The same Urc o H uaranc a b efell ;

H anc o H uayll u is c ap t ive as w ell,
We t hy reb els in fet t ers det ain .

Th e A nt isby t ho usands are Slain ,

A fea rful examp le is m a de ,

Th ey are b eat en crush e d and b et ray ed

, , ,

Th eir w o men in so rro w a nd p ain .

T up a c Yup anqui A s w it ness o f w h at ha s o c c urred,

.

On Vil cam ay u s st o rie d b a nk s,

’

No d o ub t t h o u h a st t ol d m e t h e t rut h .

It w as a w ell d esigned a t t ac k .

( Enter R U M I-
NA U I followed by severa l chie s f ).

R umi -na ui Great Inca , I kneel a t t hy feet ,

.

This t ime y o u will h ear my rep o rt ,

I b eseech t h ee t o d eign t o rest o re
Th e t rust t h a t I fo rfeit e d o nce .

(K neels ) .

T up a c Yup anqui R ise, grea t Chief, rec eive my

. regard ,

I a cc ep t t hy grea t servic e wit h j o y ;

T h o u di d st c ast o er t he w a t ers t hy net ,
’

A nd h a st c ap t ured a m a rv ell o us fi sh .

R umi-na ui Our enemies p erish e d in

. c ro w ds ,

Th eir chi efs w ere c a p t ure d a nd b o und ,

Ov erw h elm ed by my t errible force ,
Lik e a ro c k d et a ch e d fro m t h e h eigh t s .

T up a c Y up a nqui Wa s m uch b lo o d she d in t h e

. assault 2
SC EN E vi T UPA C Y U PA N QU I A ND RUMI NA U I
-
395

R umi-na ui No , Lo rd , no t a d ro p h a s
. b een Sh e d ,

T o t hine o rd ers I st ric t ly a dh ere d .

Th o se A nt is w ere st rangle d in sleep ,

But t h e fo rt is ent ir el y ra z e d .

T up a c Yup a nqui . Wh ere are t he re b els 2

R umi-na ui Th ey . are w ait ing w it h a go nise d fear,
Fo r t h eir fa t e , t o p erish by c o r d s .

Th e p eo p le a re sen ding up c ries,

D em anding t heir deat h s w it ho ut fail .

Their w o men are no w in t h eir mid st ,

Th e c hil dren ra ise hideo us c ries ;

It is w ell t h at t hin e o rder sh o ul d p a ss

To fi nish t h eir t rait o ro us lives .

T up a c Yup anqui It must be so wit h o ut

. a ny d o ub t ,

Tha t t he o rp h ans m ay no t be a lo ne ,
Let all p erish , no t Sp aring o ne ,
Thus Cuz c o reco vers h er p ea ce,
Let t he t rait o rs be b ro ugh t b efo re m e .

In my p resence t h e sent ence t h ey 11 h ear

’
.

( Exit R umi-h aui, and re-enter followed by

gua rd s in charge f o OLLA N TA Y , UR CO
H UA R A N CA , a nd H A N CO H A UY LLU , bo und
and blindfo ld, fo llowed by guards with PI Q U I
CH A Q U I bound .
)
T up a c Yup a nqui Ta k e t h e. b ands o ff t he y
e es o f t ho se
m en .

An d no w , Oll ant ay , wh ere a rt t h o u 2

A n d w h ere art t h o u, 0 Mo unt ain Chief 2
So o n t h o u w il t roll d o wn fro m t h e h eigh t s .

( To the soldiers who bring in Pi ui Cha ui ) q q .

Wh o m have w e h ere 2
Piqui Cha qui Many fl ea s in t h e Yunca s a b oun d ,
.

An d t o rment t h e p eo p le full so r e,
Wit h b o iling w a t er t h e y are killed ,
39 6 RE B E LS IN P RE SENCE OF INCA A CT 111

A nd m ust also die

I, p o o r fl e a, 1 .

T up a c Yup a nqui T ell m e, H anc o H uayllu, t ell me,.

Wh y art t h ou Ollant ay s m an 2 ’

Did lno t my fa t h er h ono ur t h ee 2

Did h e no t gra nt t hy r e q uest s 2
Did h e ever h ave a sec ret fro m t h ee 2
Sp ea k a lso , yo u, t h e o t h er reb els,
Oll ant ay and t h e M o un t ain Chief .

Ollantay O fa t h er, w e h ave no ugh t t o say ,

.

Our c rim es are o verwh elming us .

T up a c Yup anqui ( to the Uill a c Uma) Pro no unc e .

t h eir sent enc e, grea t H igh Priest .

Uilla c Uma Th e ligh t t h a t fills m e fro m t he Sun

.

B rings m ercy p ar d o n t o my h eart

and .

T up a c Yup anqui Now t hy sent enc e, R umi-fi aui

. .

R umi-na ui Fo r . c rim es enor mo us such as t h ese

D eat h Sh o ul d ever be t h e d o om ;
It is t h e o nly w ay 0 King ! ,

T o w a rn all o t h ers fro m such g uil t .

'

T o ist o ut tocarp us
'

2 t h ey sh o ul d be
Sec ure d and b o un d wit h t o ugh est ro p e ,

Th en sh o ul d t h e w arrio rs freely sh o o t
Th eir a rro w s unt il d ea t h is c a used .

Piqui Chaqui Must it be t h at evermo re .

Th e A nt is m ust all p erish t hus 2

A la s t h en let t h e b ra nch es b urn
Wh a t p o uring o ut o f blo o d is h ere 3 .

R umi na ui Sil enc e, ra sh m an no r d are t o Sp ea k ,

-
.
,

1 Piqui Cha qui is lit e ra ll y fl ea fo o t

’
. H e is p unning on his
na me .

2 T oca rp u, a p o le or st a k e use d at e xec ut io ns. Co nd emned

p ri o n
s ers w ere fast e ned t o a toca rp u b e fo re b eing h ur led o er a v
p ec ip i
r c e.

3 h
Piqui C a qui h a d a n in lin k g th at t he Inc a h a d ex pr e sse d d isli k e

a t t h e s e d din h b
g o f lo o d He . v e nt ured to sa y h t ese w o rd s in t h e
fa int h p t h t t h y mig h t
o e a e remind t he Inca o f t hi s disli k e.
39 8 INVESTMENT OF OLLA NT A Y A CT m

T up a c Yup anqui ( to the Uill a c Uma ) . Th o u migh t y

Po nt iff o f t h e Sun,
R o b e him in t h e r egal dress .

R aise up t h e o t h ers fro m t h ei r k nees ,

And free t h em fr om t h e d o o m of d eat h .

( Ur c o H ua r a n c a H anc o H uay ll u, and Piq ui

,

Ch a q ui rise the la tter loo king much relieved

, .

The Uill a c Um a p laces the ro be o n Oll ant ay s ’

sho ulders .
)
Uilla c Uma Oll ant ay , l earn t o reco gnise
.

Tup a c Yup an q ui s genero us min d ;

’

Fro m t his d ay fo rt h be t h o u his friend ,

A nd bless his m agnanimit y .

This ring c o nt ains my p o t ent ch arm ,

Fo r t his I p l ace it o n t hy h and .

Gi s him a ring, or
( v e bracelet .
)
This m a c e v
rec ei e ,
’
t is fr o m t h e kin g ,

( Gives him a mace

It is his gra cio us gift t o t h ee .

Ollantay Wit h t ears I sh all

. n earl y co nsum e

Th a t m a c e t hus p resent e d t o m e ;
I am t enfo l d t h e grea t Inc a s slave,
’

In t his w o rl d no e q ual is fo und ,

My h eart s fi b res his la t ch et s Sh all be
’

Fro m t his m o m ent my b o dy a nd so ul

To his serv ic e al o ne sh all b elong .

T up ac Yup anqui No w Mo unt ain Chief !

.
, co me near
t o m e,
Olla nt ay is given t h e a rro w and p lum e,
T h o ugh t o m e h e gave fury a nd w ar .

No t w it h st an ding a ll t ha t h a s p a ssed
H e c o nt inues t h e A nd ean chief,
A nd w ill lea d h is re b els t o p ea c e ;
Th ee also I c h o o se fo r t h e p lume ;
 N
SCE E v1 OLLAN T A Y VICER OY A T CUZ CO 39 9

F ro m t his d ay t ho u gr ea t chief,
a rt a

A nd ne ver fo rget in t hy t h o ugh t s,

I sa ve d t h ee fro m d ea t h a nd disgra c e .

Urcc H uara nca Grea t King and m o st merciful Lo rd ,

.

But no w exp ec t ing m y d ea t h

, ,

I am ever t hy m o st fait h ful slave .

Uill a c Uma giv es him the p lume )

and a rro w.
(
Uillac Uma O Urc c , t h e Inc a h a s ma d e
.

A grea t and a p o w erful chief,

A n d grant s t h ee w it h m arv ello us gra ce
Th e a rro w and also t h e p lum e .

R umi ri aui Ill ust rio us King I vent ure t o

-
.
, a sk,

Will Ant i-suyu h ave t w o ch iefs.

T up ac Yup anqui Th ere w ill no t be t w o , 0 R umi-Haul

.

Th e Mo unt ain Chief will rul e t h e A nt is

In Cuz c o Oll ant ay will reign
As Vic ero y d ep ut e d by m e
Hi s dut ies w ill c all him t o ac t

A s rul er t hro ugh o ut t h e w h ol e realm .

Olla ntay 0 King ! t ho u d ost raise me t o o high,

.

A m an wit h o ut serv ic e o r cl aim

I am t hy o b edi ent slave
May st t h o u live fo r a t h o usan d y ears .

T up a c Yup anqui Th e mascap aycha no w b ring fo rt h,

.

A n d t o it t h e lla utu a t t a ch .

Uillac Um a, a d o rn him wi t h t h ese,

A nd p ro claim his st a t e t o t h e w o rl d .

Yes, Ollant ay sh all st and in my p la c e,

R aise d up lik e t h e st ar o f t h e mo rn,
Fo r Co lla t his m o nt h I sh all st art ;
A ll p rep ara t io ns a re m a d e .

In Cuz co Ollant ay w ill st ay ,

My R anti 1 and Vic ero y a nd friend .

1 Ra nti, a d ep ut y .
4 00 T H E LOST LOV E OF OLLAN T A Y A CT m

Ollantay I w o ul d fain O m agnanimo us

.
, King ,

F o ll o w t h ee in t h e Chay ant a w ar ;
Th o u kno w est my l ove fo r such w o rk .

Pea c eful Cuz c o is no t t o my t ast e,

I p refer t o be t hy Caria ri, 1

To m arch in t h e v a n o f t hy fo rc e,
A nd no t t o be left in t h e r ea r .

T up a c Yup anqui Th o u sh o ul d st fi nd t h e wife

. of

c h o ic e ,

A nd wit h h er reign h a pp ily h ere

In Cuz c o ; rep o se wit h o ut c are ;
R est h ere w hile I m a b sent in w ar
’
.

Ollanta y Grea t King t hy sorrow ful slave

.
,

Alrea dy h a d c h o sen a wife .

T up a c Yup a nqui H o w is it I kno w no t o f t his 2

.

It Sh o ul d be rep o rt e d t o me .

I will le a d h er wit h suit a b le gift s ;

Why w as t his c o nc ealed from my eyes 2
Ollantay In Cuz c o it self disa pp ea re d
.

Tha t sw eet and a d o ra ble d ove ;

One d ay Sh e did rest in my arms,
A nd t h e next no m o re t o be seen .

In grief I ma d e search far and near,

Ea r t h seem e d t o h ave sw allow e d h er up ,
To h av e b urie d h er fa r fro m my sigh t
0 suc h , migh t y King is my grief , .

T up a c Yup a nqui Oll ant ay ! a fflic t no t t hy self,

.

Fo r no w t ho u m ust t a k e up t hy p la ce
Wit ho ut t urning t hy ey es fro m t hy w o rk .

( T o Uill a c Uma .
)
H igh p riest , o b ey my c o mm an d .

1 Ca na ri, a w a rli k e t rib e of India ns, in t he so ut a rt hp of t he

king d om of Q uit o . T h yw
e e re fi rst c o n uered
q by
T u a c Yu p p anqui ,

a nd t hyb
e ec a me d e vo t ed to him .
 YMA S MA C U P REVA ILS A CT III

Sna t ch fro m ev il
t hy p o or ser vant ,

x
E t end t hy ro y al h a n d t o m e .

O m erc iful c hil d o f t h e Sun ,

My m o t h er is dying at t his h o ur
In a fo ul a nd ve
lo a t h so m e ca

Sh e is kill e d in cruel ma rt y r d o m
A la s sh e is b a t h e d in h er o w n b lo o d .

T up ac Y up anqui Wh a t inh um a nit y p o o r c hil d

.
,

Olla nt ay t a k e t his c a se in h a n d
, .

Olla nta y Y o ung m aid en t a k e me q uic kly t h ere ;

.
,

We will se e w h o it is t h a t suffers
mS um
.
u

Y a ac . No , sir . No t so . It is t h e King himse lf

Sh o ul d go w it h m e .

Perh ap s h e m ay rec o gnise h er ;

( T o Olla nt ay .
)
Fo r yo u, I kno w no t w h o y o u a re .

0 King , a rise, d o no t d ela y ,

I fea r my m o t h er b rea t h es h er la st ,
A t lea st m a y be in mo rt al p ain ;
0 Inc a F a t h er grant my p ray er .

Uilla c Uma Illust rio us King , t ho u wilt

. c o nsent ;
Let us a ll seek t his luc kl ess o ne
Th o u c anst rel ea se fro m c ruel b o nd s .

Let us go , 0 King !
T up a c Yup a nqui (rising) . Com e all ! Co m e a ll !
In mid st o f reco nciliat io ns
This y oung m aid a ssa ult s my h ea rt .

[Exeunt .
 N
S UE E VI I T H E IN CA COME S T O IN VEST IGAT E 40 3

SCE N E 7

T he ga rden in t he p a la ce of Virgins of t he S un ( sa me
scene as A ct III , S cene S tone d oor more visible .

E er the IN CA T U P A C Y U P A N Q U I with YM A
( nt
SUM A C OLLA N T A Y UILLA C UM A and R U M I
, ,

NA UI ; UR CO H UA R A N CA , H A N CO H U A Y LLU
a nd PI Q U I CH A Q U I in the backgro und ) .

T up ac Yup a nqui But . t his is t h e A ella H ua si ; 1

My chil d art t h o u no t mist a k en 2

,

Wh ere is t hy imp riso ne d m o t h er 2

Yma S umac In a d ungeo n wit hin t hese
. b o un d s
My m o t h er h a s suffere d fo r y ears,
Perh ap s ev en no w sh e is d ea d .

( She
p oints to the sto ne doo r ) .

T up ac Yup a nqui Wh a t d o or is t his 2

.

(Enter MA M A CCA CCA a nd PI T U SA LLA Mam a .

Cc a c c a kneels and kisses the Inca s hand )

’
.

M a ma Ccacca Is it a d rea m . o r r ealit y ,

Tha t I b eh o l d my sovereign 2
T up a c Yup anqui Op en t h a t . do o r .

(Ma m a Cc a cc a op ens the d oor )

.

( CU S I COY LLU R discov ered cha ined a nd fa inting,

with a p uma a nd a sna ke, one o n ea ch side

of her ) .

Yma S umac O my m o t h er, I fea red t o fi nd

.

T h at y o u h a d a lr ea dy p a sse d aw a y ;
Pit u Salla ! H ast e B ring w at er
. .

Perh ap s my d ove may st ill revive .

[Exit Pit u Salla .

1 A d la , c h o sen ; H ua si, h o use : p a lac e of t he Vi gins

r of t he
Sun .
4 04 COYLLUR D ISCOVERED B Y T H E IN CA A CT m

T up a c Yup anqui Wh a t h o rrid c av ern d o I . see 2

Wh o is t h is w oman 2 w h a t m eans it 2
Wh a t c ruel w ret ch t h us t o rt ures h er 2
Wh at means t h a t ch a in b o un d aro un d h er 2
Mam a Cc a c c a c o me near t o m e ;
,

Wh at h ast t h e n t o say t o t his 2

IS it t h e effec t o f m alic e
T h at t his p o or c rea t ur e lingers h ere 2
M a ma Cca cca It w a s t hy fa t h er s d rea d mma n d
’
. co ;
A p unishm ent fo r law less love .

T up a c Yup a nqui B ego ne ! b ego ne ! h ard er t h an ro c k

. .
1

T urn o ut t ha t p um a a nd t h e sna k e, 2

B rea k d ow n t h at d o or o f ca rved st o ne .

( T o M a m a Cc a c c a ) Le t m e . no t see t hy fa ce aga in .

A w o ma n living a s a bat ;
T his chil d h a s b rought it all t o light .

( Enter Pit u Salla with water S he . sp rinkles

it o ver Cusi Co yllur, who revives ) .

Cusi Coyllur Where am I 2 wh o . a re t h ese p eo p le 2

Ym a Sum a c , my b elove d chil d ,
Co m e t o m e , my mo st p recio us d o ve .

Wh o a re all t h ese men b efo re m e 2

(She begins to faint again and is restored by
wa ter .
)
Yma S umac F ear no t , my mo t h er, t is t h e King
’
.

Th e King himself c o m es t o see yo u .

1 Cca cca mea ns a ro c k .

2 M y fo rmer t r a nsla t io n, a nd t h o se o f B a rra nc a a nd T sc hud i,

t rea t ed p uma a nd a ma ru ( sna e ) k as e pit hets ppli d a e to M a ma
Ccacca . Zg e o n id
a rra c th s e rs at t he pum a a nd sna k e were int e nd e d
to be ac t u ll y in t h d ung eo n
a e , a nd I b elie v e he is rig t h
Th e p uma .

w o ul d no t h v hu t hi
a e r s fell o w - priso n r e . U p n leasa nt a nima ls w ere
o c c asio na ll y p ut into t he priso ns of c ri mina ls . T he Inc as k pt e

p uma s as p e t s.
4 06 OLLANTA Y A ND CU SI COYLLUR m m

During t h o se y ears o f a go n y
Thy c o m p a ssio n no w h as sav e d me .

T up ac Yup anqui Who a rt t h o u, d o ve, t h at h a st suffere d ?

.

Fo r w h at sin w ere y o u p riso ne d h ere 2

Tho u m igh t est h ave lost t hy rea so n .

Thy fa ce is w o rn, t h y b ea ut y go ne ,
T hy lo o k s a s o ne risen fro m d ea t h .

Olla ntay Cusi Co yllur, I h a d lo st t h ee

.
,

Th o u w a st q uit e hidd en fro m my sigh t ,

B ut t h o u art b ro ugh t a gain t o life
Thy fa t h er sh o ul d h ave kille d us b o t h .

My w h ole h ea rt is t o rn w it h so rro w .

St ar o f j o y , w h ere is now t hy j o y 2
Wh ere no w t h y b ea ut y a s a st a r 2
A rt t h o u un d er t h y fa t h er s c urse 2
’

Cusi Coyllur Olla nt ay , fo r t en d rea ry

. y ears
Th at d ungeo n h as k ep t us ap art
But no w , unit e d fo r new life,
So m e h a pp iness m ay y et be o urs .

Yup an q ui m a k es j oy suc cee d grief ,

H e m ay w ell c o unt 1 fo r m any y ears .

Uilla c Uma B ring n ew ro b es t o d ress t h e p rin c ess

. .

( T heyp ut o n her r o y l
a ro bes. T he H igh Priest
kisses her hand ) .

T up ac Yup a nqui Ollant ay , b eh o l d t hy

. ro yal w ife ,
H o no ur a n d ch erish h er h enc efo rt h .

And t h e n, Ym a Suma c , c o m e t o m e ,
I enl a c e y o u in t h e t h rea d o f love
Th o u ar t t h e p ure essenc e o f Co y llur .

( Embra ces her .

)

1 A pl y up o n t he
a h h
w o rd yup a nqui, w ic me a ns lit era ll , yo u y
w ill c o unt
’
. T he w o rd w a s a t it le o f t h e Inc a s, mea ning, yo u w ill
co unt a s v i t uou b r v
r s, a e,
’
&c .
S CE N E VII TH E A USPICIOUS END 4 07

Olla ntay Th o u . art o ur p ro t ec t o r, grea t King ,

Thy no b le h a nd s disp erse o ur grief ;

Th o u a rt o ur fait h an d o nl y hop e
Th o u w o rkest by v irt ue s
’
fo rc e .

T up a c Yup a nqui T hy w ife is no w in t hy

. a rm s

A ll so rro w no w sh o ul d d isa p p ear,

Jo y , new b o rn , sh all t a k e it s p la c e .

( A cclamations from the Chiefs, a nd Piq ui

Ch a qui M usic : h uanc ars ( drums) , p inenl
fl
.

lus ( utes) , a nd p ut ut us
 A P P EN D IX E

IN CA F OLKLOR E

TH E fo llo wing lit t le fairy t ale is t h e o nly o ne o f it s kind

which h as b een p reserved , and w h ich c ert ainl y b elo ngs
t o t h e t im e o f t h e Inc a s It w a s t ol d t o Fray Ma rt in d e
.

Mo rua wh o w a s a Q uichua sch o lar, in a b o ut 1 5 85 , by

,

o l d A ma nt e s w ell v erse d in Inc a fo lk lo re , wh o g av e it

t h e follo wing t it le

FI CT I ON OR ST OR Y or A FA M OUS SH E P H ER D NA M ED
Ac ov A -
NA PA ,
1
A ND TH E B EA U T IFU L A ND D IS CR EET
PR I N CE S S , CH U Q UI -
LLA N T U , 2
D A U G H T ER on TH E SU N .

In t h e sno w -cla d co rdillera a b ove t h e valley o f Yucay ,

d
Pit u siray , a sh eph er d w a t ch e d t h e fl o c k o f W h it e
3
calle -

lla ma s int end e d fo r t h e Inc a t o sa c rifi c e t o t he Sun .

H e w a s a na t iv e o f La ris, na me d A c o y a -na p a , a v ery

4

w ell d isp o sed and gent le y out h H e st rolled b eh ind .

I In t he ma nusc ri t c o p py
t h e w o rd is A coytra p a , but t h e w o rd
tra p a is no t Quic ua h h k
I t in t h e t is a c leric a l erro r fo r a , a nd
.

t h e r fo r n . h
T is ma es A c oya na p a k A coya is ro isio n, in
-
. p v
h
t is c ase p
a st ure , a nd na p a is t h e sa c red sa c ri c ia l lla ma , o r it s fi
g g
ima e in o ld o r sil er v .

2 Chu ui mea ns a la nce , a nd lla utu a S a d e o r s a d o w

q Chuqui h h
h
lla ntu, t h e s a d o w o f t h e la nc e , in a llus io n er a s t o t h e rinc ess s
’
p h p p ’

y ph k
s l -li e fo rm .

3 Pitu-sira
y mea ns a c o u le p
T he ra nge is so c a lled fro m t wo
.

t win p ksea .

4 Fo r so me a c c o unt o f La ris se e pp . 14 4 a nd 14 5 .

40 8
41 0 TH E F OUR F OUNT A INS

c alle d utusi Th e p rinc ess ret urned it t o t h e Sh ep h erd ,

.

a nd t oo k leave o f him, c arrying w ell in h er memo ry

t h e na m e of the o rna ment and th e fi gures , t hinking wit h
w h at d elic a cy t h ey w ere drawn almo st , seeming t o h er
t o be v
a li e . Sh e t alk e d a b out it wit h h er sist er un t il
t h ey c a me t o t h eir p ala c e . On ent ering, t h e Puncu
c ama yoc
1
k
lo o e d t o see if t h ey b ro ugh t wit h t h em any th ing
t h a t w o ul d d o h a rm, it w a s o ft en b ecause fo un d t h a t
w o men h a d b ro ugh t wit h t h em , h idd en in t h eir clo t h es, such
t hings a s fi llet s and nec kla c es A ft er h aving lo o k ed w ell , t h e
.

p o rt erslet t h em p a ss, and t h ey fo und t h e w o men o f t h e

Sun c o o kin g a n d re
p p a ring fo o d C h uq ui-
Bant u sa idr t h at .

sh e was very t ire d wit h h er w al k , an d t h at sh e did no t

w ant a ny sup p er . All t h e r est sup p e d wit h h er sist e r ,

wh o t h o ugh t t h a t A c o y a -na p a w a s no t o ne wh o c oul d

c ause inq uiet ud e . But Ch uq ui lla ut u w as unable t o
-
rest
o w ing t o the g reat
love sh e felt fo r t h e sh eph er d A c o y a
nap a , a nd sh e regret t e d t h at sh e h a d no t sh o w n h im w h a t

w a s in h er b rea st But a t la st sh e w ent t o sleep

. .

In t h e p ala c e t h ere w ere many richly furnish ed a p art

ment s in w hich t h e w o men o f t h e Sun d w elt Th ese .

v irgins w ere b rough t fro m all t h e four pro v inces which

w ere su bj ect t o t h e Inca , na mel y Chinch a -
su yu , Cunt i—suyu,
A nt i suyu
-
an d Co lla -suy u . Wit h in the re w ere fo u r
fo unt ains w hich fl ow ed t ow ard s t h e four p ro v inc es and ,

in wh ich t h e w o men b a t h ed ea ch in t h e fount ain o f t h e ,

p rovinc e w h ere sh e w a s b o rn Th ey na med t h e fo unt ains .

in t h is w ay Th at o f Ch inch a suy u w as c alled Cha clla

.
2 - -

p uquio t h a t o f Cunt i suyu w a s kno w n as Ocorur0 p uquio

- 3 1
, ,

Siclla p uquio w a s t h e fo unt ain o f A nt i suyu and

f ‘
- -
,

Llulucha p uquio o f Co lla suy u

5 -
Th e mo st b eaut iful child
-
.

1 Punc u, d o o r ; ca ma yoc, o ffi c ial .

2 Cha clla , a c o b o f m a iz e ; p uquio, a fo unt a in .

3 Ocoruro , d a m fruit p .

4 S icl la , a b lu fl e o w er. 5 Lluluc ha , s a w n.

p
 SONG OF T H E F OUNT A INS 411

o f t h e Sun, Ch uq ui ll ant u, w a s wr a pp ed in p ro fo und sleep

-
.

Sh e h a d a d rea m Sh e t h ough t sh e saw a b ird fly ing

.

fro m o ne t ree t o a no t h er , a nd singing v ery so ft ly and

sw e et ly A ft er h av ing sung for some t ime t h e b ird
.
,

c a m e d o w n and r eg ard e d t h e p rin c ess say ing t h a t sh e ,

sh o ul d feel no so rro w fo r all w o ul d be w ell

, Th e p rinc ess .

said t h a t sh e mo urne d fo r so m et h ing fo r w h ich t h ere

c o ul d be no reme dy T h e singing b ir d rep lie d t h at it

.

w o ul d fi nd a remedy and a sk e d t h e p rinc ess t o t ell h er

,

t h e c ause o f h er so rro w A t la st Ch uq ui llaut u t o l d t h e

.
-

b ird o f t h e great lo v e sh e felt fo r t h e sh ep h er d bo y named

A c o y a na p a wh o guard ed t h e w h it e fl o c k . H er d ea t h
-
,

seemed inev it a b le Sh e c o ul d h av e no c ure but t o go

.

t o h im w ho m sh e so d early lo v e d an d if sh e did h er ,

fa t h er t h e Sun w o uld o rd er h er t o be k illed Th e answ er .

o f t h e singing b ir d by na me Checollo w a s t h a t sh e sh o ul d
1
, ,

arise a n d sit b et w een t h e fo ur fo unt a ins Th ere sh e .

w a s t o sing w h at sh e h a d mo st in h er m emo ry If t h e .

fo un t ains rep ea t e d h er w o rd s sh e migh t t h en sa fely

Saying t h is t h e b ir d fl
,

d o w h at sh e w a nt ed . ew aw ay ,

a nd t h e p rinc ess a w o k e Sh e w a s t errifi e d

. But sh e .

d ressed v ery q ui c kly and p ut h erself b et w een t h e fo ur

fo unt ains Sh e b egan t o rep ea t w h a t sh e rememb ered
.

t o ha ve seen o f t h e t w o fi gures o n t h e silver plat e , singing

M icuc utusi cucim

’
2
i sutu cuyuc .

Present ly all b egan t o sing t h e sa me verse

t h e fo un t a ins .

[Th e Indians wh o t ol d t h e st o ry d rew a p ic t ure o f t h e

p rinc ess b et w een t h e fo unt ains !
Seeing t h at all t h e fo unt a ins w ere v ery fav o ura b le ,

t h e p rinc ess w ent t o rep o selit t le w h ile , fo r all nigh t

fo r a

sh e had b een c o nv ersing wit h t h e c heco llo in h er d rea m .

1 A small bi d lik
r e a nig ht i nga le .
2 M icuc , e a t ing ; isut u, Isut i ( A ra do r) ; cuyuc, m o ving ; utusi,
h
t he Ut usi ( eart ) ; cuc im ( 2)
4 12 SP E LLS OF T H E SH E PH ERD S M OT H ER
’

When the sh ep h er d boy w ent t o hi s h o me h e c alle d

t o min d t h e grea t b eaut y o f Ch u ui-lla nt u Sh e h a d q .

v
ar o used his lo e , but h e w as sa dd ene d by t h e t h o ugh t

t h at it must be lo ve wit h o ut
H e t o o k up his fl ut e hop e .

an d p la y e d such h eart b rea king music t h at it ma d e

-

him sh e d m any t ears, a nd h e la m ent ed , sa ying : Ay !

ay ! ay ! fo r t h e unl uc k y and so rro w ful sh ep h erd ,
a b and o ne d and wit h o ut h o p e now ap p ro a ching t h e d ay ,

o f y o ur d ea t h fo r t h ere c an be no r eme dy and no h o p e

’
.
,

Saying t his h e also w ent t o sleep

, .

Th e sh ep h er d s mo t h er liv e d in Laris a nd sh e k new

’

, ,

by h er p o w er o f div inat io n t h e c ause o f t h e ext reme ,

g ri e f int o w hi ch h er so n w a s p lu n ge d a n d t h a t h e m ust ,

d ie unl ess sh e t oo k o rd er fo r p roviding a r emedy So .

Sh e set o ut fo r t h e m o unt a in s a nd a rriv e d at t h e sh ep h erd s

’
,

h ut a t sunrise Sh e lo o k ed in a nd saw h er son a lm o st

.

mo rib und w it h his fa c e c overed wit h t ears Sh e w ent

, .

in a nd aw o k e h im Wh en h e saw wh o it w a s h e b egan
.

t o t ell h er t h e c ause o f his grief a nd sh e d id w h a t Sh e c o uld

,

t o c o nso le him Sh e t o ld him no t t o be d ownh eart ed

.
,

b ec ause sh e w o ul d fin d a remedy wit hin a few d ay s .

Say ing t his sh e d ep a rt e d a nd go ing a m o ng t h e ro c k s , ,

sh e ga t h ere d c ert a in h erb s w h ic h a re b eliev ed t o be

c ures fo r
g rief H a v ing.c o llec t e d a gr ea t q u a nt it y sh e

b ega n t o c o o k t h em and t h e c o o king w a s no t finish ed

,

b efo re t h e t w o p rinc esses app eare d at t h e ent ranc e o f

t h e h ut . Fo r Chuqui llant u w h en sh e w as rest ed
-
, ,

had set o ut w it h h er Sist er fo r a w al k t h e green slo p es

on

of t h e mo unt ains, t a ing t h e k direc t io n o f t h e hut H er .

v
t end er h ea rt p re ent e d h er fro m go ing in a ny o t h er
d irec t io n Wh en t h ey a rriv ed t h ey w ere t ired , and sa t
.

d o w n by t h e ent ranc e Seeing a n o ld d a me insid e t h ey

.

sa lut ed h er a nd a sk e d
, h er if sh e c o uld give t h em a ny
t h ing t o ea t Th e mo t h er w ent d o w n o n h er k nees a nd
.

sa i d sh e h a d no t h ing but a d ish o f h erb s Sh e b ro ugh t .

4 14 ST A T UES OF T H E LOVER S

Chuq ui llant u e mb ra c e d him , a nd p ut h er fi nely w o rk e d

-

lip i mant les o n hi m, a nd t h ey slep t t oget h er Wh en .

t h ey w a nt e d t o get up in t h e mo rning , t h e sh ep h erd a gain

b ecame t h e c lo a k A s so on a s t h e sun ro se, t h e p rinc ess
.

left t h e p ala c e o f h er fa t h er with t h e c lo a k , a nd wh en

sh e rea ch e d a rav ine in t h e m o un t ains, sh e fo un d h erself
a ga in w it h h er b eloved sh ep h erd , wh o h a d b een ch anged
int o h imself . t h e gua r d s h a d fo llow e d t h em ,
B ut o ne o f

an d w h en h e sa w wh a t h a d h a p p ene d h e ga e t h e a la rm v
w it h lo ud sh o ut s Th e lo v ers e d int o t h e mo unt ains
. fl
w h ich a re n ea r t h e t o w n o f Calc a B eing t ired a ft er a .

lo ng j o urney , t h ey c limb ed t o t h e t o p o f a ro c k a n d
w ent t o sleep Th ey h ear d a grea t no ise in t h eir sle ep ,
.

so t h ey a ro se Th e p rinc ess t o o k o ne sh o e in h er h an d
.

a nd k ep t t h e o t h er o n h er fo o t Th en lo o king t o w ard s
.

t h e t o w n o f Ca lc a b o t h w ere t urne d int o st o ne To .

t his d ay t h e t w o st a t ues may be seen b et w een Calc a

a nd H uay llap a mp a [I h ave seen t h em many t imes
1
. .

Th o se m o unt ains w ere c alled Pit u-siray , a nd t h a t is

t h eir na me t o t his d ay ! .

1 H ere Mo rua is spe a king o f h is p

o w n e x erienc e . I to o hv
a e

rid d en b tw n C l
e ee a ca a nd y p
H ua lla am p a se v era l t im es, but I
did no t kno w t h e st y or , so fa iled t o lo o k o ut fo r t he st a t ues .
4 16 IND E X

d ra m as, 14 7 ; sur ic a l s ill g k of Gun t ur -c un c a , 1 7 9 ; An d es

kno w le d e o f g
er s, 1 5 6, 1 5 7 h b pen e t ra t e d by fi ve r iv ers, 19 2 ;
a c c o unt s o f t ime s efore t h e b d e sc ent fr o m , t o t h e m o nt a na ,
Inc as, 15 9 ; r ec o rd t h e i t fl gh 19 4, 19 5 See Co rdi llera
.

o f t h e Ch a n c as , 1 7 8 ; in Chile g
A n a mos, 1 7 5
w t ih ’
ph
t h e Inc a s ne e w s, 19 0 ; P
A nt a , rinc e Cusi H ual a resc ued p
i ki g b
list o f anc ent n s o t ained by p p eo le o f, 7 3 ; c i e f o f, h
fro m, 30 4 re w a rd e d by
t h e Inc a , 7 4 ;
Am n
az o iv A ut h v lum
s
’
r er : or s
’
o e gh
d a u t er o f t h e c ief ma rr e d h i
no ly xp di t i n
ea r x m ;
e e o s, to Ui h
r a -c o c a Inc a , 7 7 See .

uso 1 9 3 ; t i b ut i
rc e , f m r a r es ro U
Chimp u r ma a nd R unt u-c a a y
t h A nd e 19 3 es, A nt a ma rc a , H ua sc a r murd ered a t ,
Am ni n f
az o t
a 1 7 3 ; fligh t f
o res s, o 25 1
C h a nc a s 17 8 ;
int o , Co lla s i
An t a rc t c la nd s o nc e o ned t o j i
a nd Lup ac a s sent t o c o l o nise , h
So ut A mer c a , 37 i
19 1 ; a pp
r o ac es h
fro m t h e i
A nt a rc t c Indian, G a rc ilasso c alled
A nd es, 1 9 3 See M o nt a na
. himself, 31
b
A m at o, d efe a t of H ua sc a r s
’
i
An t -ea t e rs, fo ss l s in T a ra ac a , 38 p
a rm ya t , 24 6 i i
An t Ind a ns, 1 9 6
p
A mo t a e , o n t h e c o ast , c ruelt ies i
A nt -suyu, e a st ern di isio n o f t h e v
of P
iz a rr o a t , 2 24 pi
e m re , 1 7 3, 19 2- 9 Se e A ma .

p
A m uero , Franc sc o : ma rr ed a i i i
z o n a n fo rest s a nd M o nt a n a
gh
d a u t er o f iz a rr o , 2 9 7 P b
A p a nc a y, o r A a nc a , 33, 1 7 4 y
p
A m uero , M a rt in : e fri e nd ed b b ea ut y of the a lle , v
1 75 y
h
Inc a c ildr en , 29 7 b a t t le a t , 2 62

i
A nah ua r qui, w fe o f Pa c h a c ut i, 9 2 A p o cy nea , t ree in t h e no rt e rn h
y
Ana a , A t la no d e , e n o i to vy c o a st v
a lle s, 2 0 5y
Vilc a p a mp a , 29 2 pi
A r l M a y , A yr zhua , 1 19
'

A nca , a n e a le , 7 9 g i h
A p u-oc ur -ma c i , c o nquest o f M a r
’
A nca lluasu, girl s d ress, 1 36 p
c a at a , by
1 9 6 ; c ro ssed t h e
i g
A nco a y llu, ma e c a rr e d in fro nt i b i h
Ina m ar , rea c e d Pa y t it i, 1 9 7
h
o f t h e C a nc a a r m , 84 y y ph
A p u M a t a , ne e w o f Inc a R oc c a
y h
A nc o -a llu, c ief o f t h e Ch a nc a g re a t g
ene ra l, 66 ; c o n uest s q
g
c o nt in ent o f t h e Inc a a r m y o f, 7 5 , 7 7 gi
a a nst t h e suc c e s

fl gh i
i t nt o t h e H ua lla a a lle , g v y i
s o n of U
rc o , 83 ; su ort e d pp
17 8 P rinc e Cus , 85 ; i in a t t le b
v i
A nc o n, e xc a a t o ns o f R eiss a nd h h
wit t h e C a nc a s, 86 ; d ea t , 88 h
St iibel, 22 9 -
‘
fl
A p u p a na ca , o ic e r w h o selec t ed
j i
A nc o v ilc a , o n t fo und er o f t h e Vi gi
r ns o f t h e Sun , 1 63
Cha nc a na t o n, 83 i P
A p u a uc ar Usnu, c o n uero r o f q
A nc o yac u, H uasc a r s a r m rallied
’
y y
Co lla -su u, so n o f Inc a ac a P h
a t , 24 8 c ut i, 18 9
h y
A nd a ua la s, c e f sea t o f t he hi p i iv
A ur ma c r er, 45 , 4 8, 7 7 w e st
h
C a nc a s, 83, 9 2 , 1 7 6 i
ern fro nt er o f t h e la nd o f t h e

A nd e a n p p
e o le , 30 , 31 See . Inc a s, 7 8 , 80 , 8 1 ; C a nc a h
India ns b y
o und a r , 8 3, 89 , 9 1 , 126, 1 37 ,

A nd es : unfre ue n t e d q ass fro m p 1 5 9 , 1 7 3, 1 7 4 ; t r ut a r ofib y

Yc a , ; viiic o rd ll eras i
unit e the U y
c a a li, 19 3 ; H ua nc a
at Vi
lc a no t a , 2 1 ; a nd at q i
A u ui st a t o ne d t o d e fend t h e
Ce rro asc o , P 1 82 ; a ge , rise , bi g
r d e, 24 8 me e t n o f M a nc o i g
37 , 38 , 2 30 ; a o e t h e bv
a le v P
Inc a a nd iz a rro a t t he r d e , bi g
o f Vil c a ma y u, 5 2 ; mo unt a ins 25 4
 IND EX 4 17

Ar a p a, st ro n gh o ld of t h e Co lla s, imp i r s o ne d by Sp i d 24 9 an ar s,

1 89 r a ns o m , 2 5 0 2 5 1 ; hi m s na e

h l
,

Ar a sa ri er, 19 3 v use d in m k y by oc er sc oo
ib
Ar a y rac a t r e , fo llo w ers o f t h e by o Cuz c o , 2 65
s at
A ars, y 50 ; e lo n n to b gi g A ta uc h i, na me , 4 4
H a n a n Cuz c o 65 , A t e quip a , c o a st a lle 2 39 v y ,

bi
Ar e t o , M a rt n H erna nd o d e : in i i
A t c o , c o as t a l le , 2 39 v y
c o mm a nd A t o c in c o mm a nd o f H ua sc a r s
’
of t he fo rc e t o ,

i v
Ml n a d e Vilc a p a mp a , 2 9 3 ; t e a rm y
d efe a t e d a t A m a t o 2 4 6 b
h
, ,

f g t urne d t o Cuz c o w en sa t e d
i
‘

g p b
A u ust - Se t e m er, Cca p a c S itua ,
l‘

w t ih sl a u t er , 29 4 gh 1 18 1 2 5
C l n h
,

i
A rc h t ec t ure , me a l t hic , 22 - 39 ; g i A ug u t in F is S e r a rs. ee a a c a,

o f Olla n t a y — t a m u, 1 5 0 , 1 5 1 ; p Viv O ti er o , r z
hi
o f t h e C m u, 2 10 , 2 1 6 2 1 8 - 19 ; , A uqui n m 4 4 , a e,

o f Co lc a mp a t a , 2 8 6, 28 7 ; Inc a , A uqui T up Yup nqui p ut t ac a o

d t h by H u
,

318 ea 24 3 a sc a r ,
q ip
Ar e u a , ix, 1 7 3 ; c o n uere d q by A ut h i t i
or S A t A i g es . ee c os a, rr a a,

t h e Co lla s, 1 8 7 , 2 39 A vi l A y l B l b B t ni
a, a a, a o a, er o o,

A ric a , 2 39 B Cala nc a , Cie z a d e

e t a nz o s, h
A r p ay, sa c r c e , 1 0 8 ifi Le o n, Ferna nd ez , G arc ilasso
ig p
A rr a a , re o rt o n t h e e xt r a t o n ip i d e la e a Vg
( Inc a ) , G o ma ra ,
i
o f d o la t r , 10 , 2 35 y g i i
H errer a , H o l u n, L z arra a g ,

i
A s a c o ast alle
, v y
227 i i
M a t ie n z a M o l n a M o nte s no s ,
gh
, , ,

A sill o st ro n o ld o f t h e Co lla s, 1 89
, i iv Pi
M o rua M o ss Ol a z a rro

P h
, ,

A st e t e , M uel : a t ig a c a c a ma c P
( ed ro ) P o lo d e Ond eg a rd o ,
ih
,

w t H e rnand o z arro , 2 34 ; Pi vi
R a mo s G a l a n , i
R el a c o ne s
h
na m e o f c ie fs o n t h e c o a st G e o gra fi c a s Sal c a ma y h ua , Sa n ,

giv by
en , 2 39 re se n t e d p i i
t ll a n Sa n T o ma s, Sa r m en t o ,
h
,

t h e lla utu o f A t a ual a t o Sa r p yi So l orz a no , T o rre s R ubio , Va lera ,

p
T u a c , 2 7 4 ; n o t c e o f 2 88 n i , . V v V
a l e rd e , ela sc o , Z a r a t e
A st e t e , Co l o nel a l o o f Cuz c o , Pb v k
A e nd a no , H erna nd o : w o r l o st ,
288 n 10
h iy hi i
.

A ste t e , Seno ra : a ut o r t o n fo l k A vil 1 0 2 30

a, S Hu . ee aro c r

Ay u h ut h h d qu t
,

lo re a t Cuz c o , i; vii i
nf orm a ac c o, a or s
’
ea a r e rs

i
t o n fro m, re s e c t n t he se c re t p i g t viii ; b t t l
a 17 9 nd t a e, a no e
hi
,

of t he d d e n t re asure , 2 8 8 n . y
A a la See H ua ma n
.

A st o H ua ra c a , c e f o f t h e C a n hi h A ya ma rca , m o nt , No v h .

c as, 83 ; in t h e a t t le w t b ih 1 1 8 , 12 8
Pi
r nc e Cus , 8 6 ; d eati in h y
A a ma rc a , c ie f, n a med T o c a y h
b
a t t le , 89 gg
Cc a p a c , e n a ed t o be ma rr ed i
A t ac a ma : la n ua e , 22 0 ; e o le , g g p p i y i
t o M c a , w fe o f t h e Inc a
2 39 R o c c a ; wa r w t h er t r e , ih ib
h p
A t a ua l a : d a u t e r m a rr e d t o gh i t he H ua y lla c a ns 68 ; kid ,

Bt 5 w
e a n z o s, ; e nt to Q ui t o na ed pp
r nc e Cus H ua l a , Pi i p
wit h H u y C a na c a pac, 24 1 ; 7 1, 7 2 ; na l l su d ue d 7 6, fi y b ,

not b t Quit
orn a o no r w as his 80 , 9 1 n ; mea n n of t he i g
m th
.

o t iv
er a na e of Qu t o , i na me , 1 2 8 n .

24 1 n milit a r y vi
ser c e uns a t is A ya r , n a me , 4 3 ; t t le o f t h e i
hi m
.

fa c t o r , 2 4 2y ; e xc use d se lf yh
m t ic a l fo und e rs o f t h e e m
fro m c o m n i g t Cu 24 3 o z co , : p
ire , 4 9 ; t e r re so lut io n?a n d hi
se n t a n e m b y t Hu
ass o asc ar , h
ma rc t o Cuz c o 4 9 , 5 0 ; t r e s ib
hi
,

2 44 ; h is vi t y 24 7 24 9 ;
c or , , i
fo r m n g t e r a r m , 4 9 5 0 y ,

EE
418 IN DE X
Ay Au
ar 4 9 ; d ea t , 5 4
c a, h t he a ut h o r, xi n ; h is w o r , k
y C hi
.

A ar ac , 49 ; p
l o t a a ns t , 5 1 g i 9 , 10 ; h is n a mes of st a rs ,

mu dr e r, 5 2 1 17 ; P i
a c c ar -t a m u m t p yh
t o ld
AyarM a nc o , 4 9 ; t h e l e a d er : h is by , 14 0 ; ac c o un t of t he
H ua ng a i, 5 0 ; p
la n t o g e t rid vyg
Inc a o a e t o t h e G a la a o s pg
o f h is b h
ro t e r s , 51 ; h url ed Isla nd s, 1 84 ; t rad t o n o f t h e ii
g
h is o ld en st a ff , 5 3 h is d a t e , iv
a rr a l o f st ra n e rs a t g La m
bi h
5 5 ; est a l s e d a t Cuz c o , 5 4 , ba y e que , 2 2 1 ; o n t h e Inc a
iv
5 5 ; fo ur w e s o f t h e A a rs , y i v i
n as o n o f t h e c o a st , 2 23
4 9 — Oc c lo , H ua c o , Ip a c ura , B a rc o P
e d ro d el : h
t ree so ns ,
h
,

Ra a v sc o o l fello w s o f t h e Inc a G a r

A ary Uh c u, 4 9 ; t urne d n t o t h e i c ila sso , 2 65 ; h an e d g by

Ca r
i
H ua na ca uri d o l , 5 2 , 1 28 bj a a l , 269 ; ki
nd nes s o f G a rc i
y h
A a r ma rc t o Cuz c o Fo r s t o
. p Vg
la sso d e la e a t o h is s o ns, 2 7 3
ping i
s t a t o ns see H ua nac a n h
c a, B i
e a t r z , Nus t a , Inc a P rinc e ss , 260 :

T a m p uquiru, P a ll a t a ,
a s H i k g i
as e d t o ne o t a t e w t h Sa r i yi
Q uisru, Q uirirma nt a , M a t a ua , b p
T u ac , 273 h e r s o n rec e e d iv
H ua na - a t a yp by t h e Inc a , 2 7 3 Sa ri T u ac y p
y b
A ar a g lla s o r t ri e s, 4 9 , 5 0 , 5 5 , g
he r ue st a t Cuz c o , 2 7 4 Se e
.

65 , 1 2 5 Le g uisa m o
g
A yllus o r l ine a e s : t r e s o f t h e ib B ea t r z ,i Nust a , Inc a Pi
r nc es s .

y
A a rs , 4 9 , 5 0 ; e ac h ad it s h See M ust inc ia a nd H e rna nd ez
fo und e r o r a nce s t o r , 1 0 4 , 1 13 ; B ela un d e , Vi
ct or A nd res : his
a s runners a t t h e S t ua fe st i iv
al , re vi ii g
e w o f w r t n s o f so c io lo

12 6 ; re c o rd s o f e e nt s v
e tkp gi st s y
o n t h e a y llu s s t e m o f
by
,
14 0 ; a n t oki vi g
lla e c o m P er u, 1 7 0 , 1 7 1

munit ie s, 1 59 ; s st e m , 1 60 , y B i iv
en r e r , 19 3, 1 9 8
i
1 61 ; m o unt a ne e rs 1 7 5 ; o n , B i vi
e rt o n o , Lud o y c o : h is A ma r a
t h e c o as t , 2 35 , 2 36 ; o f t he i i y
d c t o nar , 19 2 , 315
Inc a s, 29 0 B e t a nz o s : y
h is
‘
Suma Na rra
y i
A m ara c o lo n s t s, 164 ; a ra nc b h i c on
’
by
t ra nsl a t e d t he a ut h o r ,
o f t he h
Quic uas , 1 7 5 , 19 2 g i i
xi n ; G re o r o d c G a rc a in
.

se t t l ed a t J i
ul , 19 2 ; S a n s p ih p i ip
o sse ss o n o f h is ma nusc r t,
ries t s gv
a e t h e n a me t o t h e i by J
4 ; ed t e d i mene z d e la
lag g
n ua e o f t h e Co lla s, 1 9 2 ; p k pi
Es ad a , 5 ; w o r co ed fo r
v g g
ne e r us e d fo r t h e la n ua e P ih
re sc o t t , 4 h
a Q u c ua sc o l a r

i g q
unt l l o n a ft er t h e c o n ues t , i p
a nd i
n t e r re t er , 5 ; ma r r e d
p i
31 3 ; e rro r e x la ne d , 31 4 ; gh h p
t o a d a u t er o f A t a ua l a ,
v
ne e r use d fo r t h e p p e o le o f 5 , 2 60 ; igi
on t he or n of
t h e Co l la s by
a ny e arly i wr t er, p p
t he eo le , 32 ; o c c urre nc e

31 5 o f t h e w o rd Co n in c o nnec
J
A y mura y , M a y - une , 1 19 , 1 35 i ih
t on w t iy t h e d e t , 10 3 n ; .

p
A yrz hua , A ri l—M a y , 1 19 , 1 35 ; h
h is n a me s fo r t h e mo nt s, 1 18
d a nc e , 168 P
ft ;
. i p yh
a c c ar -t a m u m t t o ld
by , 14 0 g i ih
sent t o ne o t a t e w t
yi p
Sa r T u a c , 2 7 3 ; unsuc c ess
B a cc ha ms Inca rum o r T o la , 22
’

b y
ful e m ass i toi T t u Cus
B ac cha r w M o linw— C lc a , 80 hi p q i
Yu a n u , 2 85
Ba c cha rz s E up a to r z um— C lc a , 80 hi B la sc o Nunez d oV vi y el a , c e ro

B a c h ic a o , H e rna nd o : a n ed h g by p ih
c o rre s o nd e nc e w t t he Inc a
bj
Ca r a a l , 2 69 iv by
M a nc o , 2 5 8 ; d r e n o ut
B b
a l o a : t ra nsla t e d a nd nd e xe d i by Pi
G o nz a lo z a rro , 2 69
4 20 IND E X

H umb o ld t , T e rna ux Co m a ns, p h ua r qui , 9 2 ; C u u r a , h q i Upy

Vi lla r , M d d e nd o rf ’ i 24 4 ; Cus H ua rc a , i 274 ; y
Ca rri ,ll o s a e d Lv o o y
l a s l fe , 2 9 3 i . M a m a Cusimira y , 2 4 1 M c a , i y
68 ; M a ma 0 0 110 , 9 4 ; M a m a
Se e So t o
Ca sm a , c o a st v y
a lle , 2 0 8
h
R a ua , 2 4 1 ; M a m a R unt u ,

C n a a l a p
c e a t C u z c o , 269 2 4 1 ; T o o t a Cuc a , 2 4 1
a

Ca
ss

s t
a
i
l l a
,

M a r a
,

d ei S e e Lo a y sa
.
Cco ya R a ymi, Se t — Oc t , 1 1 8 p . .

p i
,

L G a d e, 27 6 Ccur i-ca ncha See I nti-ca ncha

Ca s t a rc .

Ca t c
r o ,
o

e
e
c u l pa r l a i
n u a e a t , 2 20 g g h p
Cc uri-c ul a , c o nc u ne o f ra bi Ui
a

Ca t al i
a

n
o
ai
s ,

M a r a U si c a S e e Pa ullu h
c o c a Inc a , 7 7 , 8 3
g g
.

Cour t Vinoka , o ld e n a rla nd s o f

,

Ca t a r ,i iv O l a
’
s in f o r m a nt re
Vi gi
p i g
s ec t n a n u n d er r o u n d T ia g r n s 10 7 ,

hua n a c u 2 4 hi s a n c e n t n a me i Cen t eno , e o Di g a rr a l a t Cuz c o iv ,

ih
,

o f T a ua n a c u, 2 9
n 2 67 d e fe a t e d a t H ua r na , 268 i
p h
.

k Cent e no , G a s ar , sc o o lfello w o f
Catu, o r m a r e t , 2 63
Ca uc a v y a ll e : s e rv c e o f C i i
ez a d e t h e Inc a G a r c ila sso , 2 65
Ce nt en o , Se no ra : museum o nc e
L n in 2
eo
Ca uqui d i l t
,

a ec of the Ya u y o s, a t Cuz c o , no w a t e rl n , 320 B i

1 80 31 1
,
v
Ce r a n t es, a rt o l o m é :B ga e v
Ca v ill g dd
ac a ,
,

o e ss in H ua ro c
, hi i r Ca t a ri s st a t e men t t o Ol a ,
’
iv
24
2 30 —4
vi
Ca na s , 8 0
Ce t erni, w fe i of Na y mla p ( w h o m

Ca xa m o n u er ed q t he by se e )
Inc ,
a r

s
c a

9 2
c

9 3 1 7 3 18 2 ; iz arro P C h hpy
ac a o 33, 9 3, 1 9 8 ;
a s, esu t J i
at ,
a

2 2 5
,

H
,

u a s
,

c ar s
’
en era l g i i
m ss o n a t d a t e o f a no n m o us
, y
d e fe a t e d
;
a t 2 4 6 ; m u rd e r of J i
e su t
’
V
( a lera ) xed dat e fi by
A t a ua l h p
,

2 5 1 ; r e t r i u t on b i b
o f a a nd o n m e nt o f, 30 4

a t , 25 3
a ,
Cha hua r Quiz , mo nt , ul h J y
y Q u c u a ih
s t ro n o ld , gh g
A u ust , 1 1 8 , 1 24
Ca a r a ,
17 4
a
h p q i
C a lc o Yu a n u , led a c o l umn t o
C y t o Ma c a s u m t s t b i
o t h e In ca , i v
n ad e t he mo nt a na fro m
a

65
r ,
Pi p
lc o a t a , 1 9 6, 19 7

C ca ma n t im , s n n i gi g b i - rd , 82 Ch a l c uc h ima , a Qu t o e nera l , i g
f ti g
h w o rd , 4 3 se c o nd in c o m ma nd o f A t a
C ca p , m n n o e

Cc a p
a

a
c

c A
e

p ,u
a
c er o vi y
,
16 3 h ual p a s a rm , 2 4 7 , 2 5 0 ; m et
’
y
Cca p a c Ca c h a ,
u m a n hs a cr c e, ifi hi s d esert s ,
b
Cha mp i o r a t t le -a xe , 1 2 2
2 66

1 08
C pu H m i m o n t D e c —J a nh h
C a na n-c c uri-c o c a , a a l an t la d v i y
gi
.
a y
, .
o e e , ,

w h o d e fe nd e d Cuz c o a a ns t
1 1 8 , 1 25
Cca p a c S i m n t A u g
-
S h
e t , p h
t he C a nc a s, 8 5

1 18 , 1 25
t a a ,
o ,
h
C a nc a s Co nfe d e ra c , 8 3, 1 6 1 ; y
w in d w at ac car P i fo und e rs, c e fs, reso lut o n t o hi i
Coup e e -t o cco ,

p
t a m u, 4 9 , 5 1 , 5 2
o
b
su d ue t h e Inc as , 8 3 ; i t fl gh
Cc p Y u n p q i
u 5 6 o f Inc a Ui
ra -c o c a , 8 4 d e fea t h
a a c
m m
a

h i g bi
,

d 8 2 o f t he i v n a d e rs , 8 6, 8 7 na l fi
u r
v h
’

Cc en z ,
t n -
,
o e rt ro w , 88 , 8 9 ; fo rmed a
B u d d l w ia ce a ) , a t ree ,
Cco lli ( e cor .

i g
c o nt n e nt o f t h e Inc a a r m , y
Cco m
2 2 , 80
R a ya c , a t t r ut e ib of t he hi
9 2 ; t e r c o unt r , 1 7 4 ; in t h e y
hi
'

iy i t h H u c r m t hi i y h s, a rm y of Pa c h ac ut i : t e r
de t n e a r o
fl ight , 17 8 , 19 8
231
Cco y a o r Q uee n : p o r t ra i t by
s
h y
C a nc a , c o a st a lle , 20 6 v y
P Cha nqum , a c ro w , 8 6
'

H ua ma n o ma , 1 7 . Se e A na
 IN DEX 4 21

iv
Cha rasa nis , na t e d o c t o rs, 15 7 phy i i n 2 17 ;
s c a m t i s, ce e e r e s,

h
C a rc as, 31, 1 7 3, 18 7 , 262 2 1 7 ; l ngu g 2 19 2 1 ;
a igin a e, -
or
h i g
C a sc a , M o rn n St a r, w o rs h ip
o f, and h i t y unkn wn 2 2 1 ;
s or o ,

10 4 L mb y q u ub mi t t d t 2 2 3 ;
a a e es e o,

Chas qui, messe n e rs, 1 63, 165 g t d ra 22 3 ;e, nnihi l t d by a a e

Cha up i r ucu, c la ss o f o ld me n, th S p ni d
e 225 ; d
a n ar s, e sc e

161 d nta f t h Ch i mu 2 2 5 n ;
s o e .

h h
,

hv i
C a e s, Fr a nc sc o d e : h is w o r k fur t er re s ea rc es re c o m
i
l o st , 7 ; fr e nd shi fo r p Pi
r nc e me nd e d 2 2 6
hi h C
,

i
T t u A t a uc hi, 2 5 3 ; his w r t i C nc a o nfe d e ra c y
2 37 , 2 38
,

ing s, murd e r, 2 5 3 n in h v
Chi nc a a l le y p p eo le d t he by
fl
,

ue nce , 2 5 5 Ya u y o s, 180 , 22 7 ; irr a t o n , ig i

h vi
C a n , a t r e o f t h e A a rs,ib y 2 37
5 0 , 65 h h
C inc a gu n
Isl a nd s : a o d p it
e os s,

h vi
C a n r u ns, 33, 320 i ar g ume n t fo r nt iq ui t y f m a ro ,

h
C a vi n st o ne , 34 , 35 2 28
Ch a y a nt as , 18 7 Chin h y c a h l k 182
-
coc a, a e,

i gi g b
Cha g na , s n n - ird , 8 2 Ch i n h y uy u n t h n d i i i n
c a -
s , or er v s o

Ckeco llo , i g g bi
s n in - rd li e k a o f th mpi e 1 7 3 1 77 86 ;
e re , ,
—

ni gh i g
t n a le , 8 2 , 4 1 1 l ngu g 3 1 1
a a S e, Fig u d ee e re o
Ch in h
.

Ch est a n Xec fuin, ma d o f o no ur i h c pl

ero 8 1 2 8 6 3 19 ;
a ac e , , ,

t o t h e Cc o a : y v
lo e o f t he T up In ac di d t 94 ca S e a , . ee

c hi b yq
e f o f La m a e ue fo r, 2 2 4 Pum gu aca R a, o sa s

Chibc ha la n ua e , 2 20g g Ch in h n t
c o ay i lding quin in
ree s, e e

hi v y
C c a ma , a lle a nd r e r, 20 8 iv a ut h nt u t d w i t h
or e vi
r s e se r ce

h h
C ic as, 187 , 1 8 9 o f i nt d u ing t h i
ro ult iv
c e r c a

hi y v y
C c la o , c o a st a l le , 2 19 t i n int
o B t i h Ind i i ;
o ri s a, x
Chi hua , a t rus , 7 0 , 80h h kn w l d g f by t h Ind i n
o e e o , e a s,

hi
C lc a , c o as t v y p p
a l le , e o le d by 1 5 7 ; b ut y 1 94 ea ,

H ua ro c h iris, 1 8 1 , 2 2 7 Chip n g ld n ing

a a, o 133 ; e yl r s, ro a

Chilca , a us , 80 b h b l t 292
ra c e e ,

Chil e su d ue d b by p
T u a c Inc a , Ch ira iv r m in
er f qu re a s o a e
1 7 3 ; st o r y o f t h e c o n uest , q du t c s, 20 7 ; Sp n i d in a ar s

1 90 ; Ch il ia ns in t h e Inc a v ll y f 2 2 4
a e o ,

a rm , y 1 9 1, 24 9 ; A lm a ro s g ’
Ch i ih u n
r a t ub l
as , m w i ld
a ro e so e

p ii
e x e d t o n, 2 5 5 t ib
r 19 8
e,

i h i P
Ch ma C a u h
a t a , a d e re n t of Chi i m y u
r a vin 1 9 5 ra e,

Pir nc e Cusi, 8 5 Chi im y

r of ui t 8 2
a, r

highl nd fl
,

hi p
C m a Oc ll o Se e Isa el
. b . Ch i t
a ig h t
a f In s : o ca

U
Chim p u rma o f A nt a a rra n e d g Ui ra -c o c h a fro m t h e C h a nc a s,
t he resc ue of Pi
r nc e Cus i 84 , 8 7 , 12 6
p
H ual a , 7 3, 7 9 Cho c a -p o cco chi, a s n in - ir d , i g gb
hi
C mu so ut e rn h b
o und a r of y 82
i y
his t err t o r , 18 1 c o n uest q by h ib
C o lo ne s, t r e o n t he H ua lla a , g
t h e Inc a s , 1 8 2 , 2 2 3 e xt e ns e iv 19 8
i
ru n s, 20 8 , 2 0 9 —1 2 ; t re asure , h
C o n o s ( Gua a uil ) , ca m ai n yq p g
2 10 ; t h e mo und s, 2 1 0 ; p
a la c e , g
a a inst , 1 8 3, 184
2 1 1 ; c e nt ra l p ii
o s t o n, 2 12 ; hq
C o ue -quir a o r u n s, 319 i
i
fac t o r es, 2 1 2 , (2 1 3 ; c ot t on Ch o t T e m le , u lt p b i by
Na y ml a p ,
bi
fa r c s, 2 1 3 ; p
o t t er , y 2 14 222
g
o ld a nd sil e r v k
w o r , 2 15 ; h hi
C uc Cc a p a c , c hie f o f t h e Co lla s ,
reli gi p
o n, 2 1 5 ; t e m le , 2 1 6, 2 1 7 ; 18 7
42 2 IN D EX

Chulpas , b i p
ur a l - la c es of t he ib
Co fa ne s, a t r e o n t h e Na o p
Co lla s, 18 7 p ii g
e x e d t o n a a inst , 1 9 8
h pivi
C um i
lc a c o lo n s t s, 1 64 , 1 7 5 p i g g
Co la n, ec ul a r la n ua e a t , 2 2 0
i
Ch ump illa ya , ma d e n fro m Ye a , p
Co lc a m p a t a , a la c e at Cuz c o ,
se n t t o Inc a H uas c a r , 2 4 2 ; g Pi
ra n t e d t o r nc e Pa ullu, 25 6,

h g
n a me c a n e d t o Cur Co y l lur, i 26 1 ; ivi g
Ca rl o s Inc a l n at,

24 2 2 85 ; ip i
d e sc r t o n , 2 8 6, 2 8 7 ,
h h
C unc o s, India ns, 19 7 p pi
3 18 ; T u a c A ma r u in r so n
Ch up illusc a , ro c k w ere h rc o U a t , 29 4

ki
w as l le d , 9 0 p
Co lico d end rum sca brid um, Z a o t e
hp b
C u as, a t t le o f : G a rc ila sso d e p
d e l e rro , 2 0 5
Vg
la e a w o und e d , 264 h iv p
Co lla ua , n a t e la c e o f S a l c a
Chuqui, la nc e , 2 9 2 m a yh ua 16 ,

h qi h
C u u -c a c a , 29 3 iv
Co lla hua yas , n a t e d o c t o rs, 15 7
q i
Ch u u -ll a ut u, 1 5 5 , 4 0 8 — 1 4 Co l las pi
o c c u ed h
t he n o rt e r n
h qi U y
C u u r a ,
p w fe i of Inc a h a lf of ii b
t he T t c a c a as in ,

H ua sc a r , 244 18 6, 31 3 ; p i ib
re d o m n a nt — tr e
q i
Chuy, a ua l , 7 9 of y
Co l la -su u, 1 8 7 ; a c on

J h
Cillo rie o , ua n d e , sc o o lfello w o f y hi
fed e ra c und e r t h e Co l la c ef,
Inc a G arc ilasso , 265 q pi
c o n ue st s, c a t a l a t H a t un
i
G nt u, o n t h e c o a s t , Pi
z a rro a t , c o lla , b i p
187 ; ur a l la c e s,
2 24 by
1 8 7 ; d e fe a t e d t he Inc a s ,
Cium, suc c essor o f Na y mla p a t 188 , 1 89 ; q c o n uere d , 19 0
byq
La m a e ue , 2 22 i g y
c o nt n e n t o f t h e Inc a a r m ,

B i Pi
Clara e a t r z , r nc ess, marr e d t o i 1 9 1 ; se nt a w a y
as m it im a es ,
i i
M art n G arc a d e Lo o la , 2 7 4 y or c o l o n is t s, 1 64 , 19 1 , 1 9 7
Co ast v y
a ll e s : q
c o n ue st by
t he g g y by
la n ua e c a l le d A ma ra
Inc as , 9 3, 1 7 3, 2 2 3 ; v y
a l le s the J i e su t s, 19 2 ; numera ls,
p p
e o le d by mo unt a n t r es, i ib 316
17 7 , 180 , 1 8 1 ; e o rag g ph y , Co lla nt es, J ua n i de ma r r e d
20 0 — 6 ; c a use s o f a se nc e o f b i
Fra nc sc a Nust a , a nc est ress o f
ra in, 2 0 1 ; ga rua , 2 0 1 ; c l i B i h p Pi hi
s o e d ra ta t h e h is
ma t e , 2 0 2 ; e ffe c t o f H um i
t o r a n , 2 60
bo ld t c urre nt , 2 0 2 ; med a no s , v
Co lla o m o e m e n t o f mit ima es o r
2 0 2 , 2 0 3 ; d e ser t , 2 03 ; sc a n t y i ip i
c o lo n st s 1 0 ; , d e sc r t o n 2 2
vg i
e e t a t o n, 20 3 ; lo ma s , 2 0 4 ; or igi b b
n o f t ri es, 4 7 ; su d ue d
i
fe rt le v y
a l le s, 2 0 4 ; a lga ro ba by Inc a Pa c h a c ut i, 9 2 ; c o n
h
t ree s, 2 0 4 ; o t e r t ree s in t h e fe d era c , y 1 61 , 187 ; Inc a
v y
a l le s, 205 ; num erb a nd vi y
c e r o , 1 89 ; y
Inc a s s t e m o f
na mes o f c o a s t v y
a lle s, 20 5 , i i
c o l o n sa t o n , 19 1 ; i p
m o rt a nc e
i
g g
2 0 6 ; a nc e nt l a n ua e s, 2 1 9 , q
o f c o n uest , 1 9 1

2 20 ; p p
c o as ti e o le e xt nc t , y
Co l la -su u, so ut ern d h ivi i
s on of
i i
2 2 5 ; d o la t r e s , 2 35 , 2 36 pi
t h e E m re , 7 3, 1 8 6
i k ii
Co a t Isla nd , o n La e T t c a c a : Co llingwo o d , v
p b i by p
a la c e u lt T u a c Inc a i
Co lo n s t s . Se e M itima es
p q i
Yu a n u , 19 1 , 3 19 Co mment a rio s R ea les, 2 7 9 , 2 80
b i y
Co o s : h is H st o r o f t h e Ne w
‘
Co mp o sit es , 8 0
W o rld , 1 4 , 1 5 ; na mes o f t h e
’
Co n , 1 0 3 n Co n T itz , 1 0 3 n
'

. .

ii
mo nt h s, 1 18 ; o n med c na l h
Co nc a c a s t o ne , 33, 34
p la n t s, 15 7 h
Co nc uc o s, 1 8 2 , 2 35
p i
Co c a la n t a t o ns, 18 7 , 19 9 Co nd o r o r Cuntur , H ua ro c ri hi
Co ra p a lla , c la ss o f la d s, 162 i
t ra dit o n, 2 32 , 2 33
4 24 IN DEX
1 33 ; p
t e m le t o t h e Su re me p la , x ; a nd t h e sec o nd p a rt
Bi g
e n , 77 Sa nt a A n a C ur c h, h i
o f C e z a d e Le o n, 4 n ; e d t e d . i
p o r t ra t s i
1 2 1 H uaca at a , yP B e t a nz o s 5 e di t e d M o nt esin o s,
,

p bih
,

1 33 ; A t a h ua lp a s a r m
’
at, y 12 ; u l s ed t h e w o r of k
24 9 , 2 5 0 ; s e e M a nc o , i g by t he
‘
y
a no n mo us esu t
’
1 3, J i ,

2 55 , 2 62 ; t h e Co lc a mp a t a i
303 e d t e d t h e w o r o f Co o s, k b
p
a la c e , 25 6 ; c urc o f La h h 1 4 ; e di t e d Sa lc a ma y h ua , 1 6, 9 9
M erc ed , 263, 2 7 1 ; a rr a l o f t h e iv Esque n Pi
sa n, c hief o f La m a e by
fi
r st b
ullo c s, 2 66 r stk ra e s fi g p que , 2 2 4
a nd a s a ra us, p2 67 ; g
c a ne q iv
Es u el, M a ria d e , wife o f Ca rlo s
t o urna me nt s a t , 2 68 ; t o o p Inc a , 2 85
rag p hy 2 68, 2 69 ; re a t a lls g h Et en, c o a st a lle , 2 0 8 ; v
w o rd s y
hi
,

in t h e a la c e s, p
2 69 ; a r c o f Mo c hi
c a l a n ua e c o llec te d g g
t e c t ure , 319 Se e Ca ssa n a ,
. by i
M d d e nd o rf, a t , 2 2 0
Co lc a mp a t a , Cus - a t a , In t ip i
h
c a nc a , H ua na - a t a , A ma ru yp
h
c a nc a , Q uillisc a nc h a , R m a c i FA LC ON . See A lca nt a r a: a nd

p p
a m a , Sa c sa h ua ma n H ua ma n
h pi
Cuz c o C um , so n o f t h e c hi ef Fa quislla ng a iv
r er, 222
o f La m a e que , 22 4 by a t sed , b pi Fe brua ry -
M arc h H a tun Pucuy,
h
,

2 25 mo nt , 1 19 , 1 34
y p
C c l o ea n ruins, 2 3—33 Felip e Inc a , so n o f r nc e Pa ullu, Pi
2 5 6, 2 61 sc o o lfello w of h
Inc a G a rc ila sso , 265 a n s ed b ih
D W N n t h i f l nd 38
AR I o e r se o a , n .
, by T o le d o , 2 9 7
2 00 22 7 2 2 8 , Fernand e z ( El Pa lentino ) , H ist o r y
D wn w hip f 10 4
,

a ,
o rs o , of P e ru h e ma e s Urc c o ne k
D mb J u y C p R ymi
ec e er - an ar , ca ac a , o f t h e re i nin g g
Inc a s, 9 0 n ; .

m nt h 1 18 1 2 9
o , , hi s n a me s o f mo nt s, 1 18 n h .

D j di vi w f I
es ar ul
ns,17 1 e o nc a r e, G a rc ila sso s
’
q
uo t a t o ns fro m, i
Divi t th
ne rs f t f I t ip
a e ea s o n 27 9
R a ym i, 12 3 Se e A cha cuc , . Ferna nd e z M a r t in : his so re eye
Ca na h/uz sa , Ca ncku, H a murp a ,
'

c ured by
t h e Inc a G arc ila sso ,
H ua luc, H ua lla , Layca , Llay 2 68
Cha n ca , M a csa , Pa cc ha cuc, iv
Fest a ls : t h e a r e st c a lled h v
S o cya c, Ya rca ca es I ntip R a ymi, 1 2 0 —8 ; S ita a ,
D Orbigny , h is
’
ie w s o n Inc a v 1 25 - 6 ; H ua ra chicu, 1 2 9 —33 ;
r ule , 1 7 1 M 0 8 0 0 N ina , 1 35
Dv
o es Se e Cullen, Quitu, Urp i
. g J
Fi ue re d o , ua n d e , o n t h e C in h
Dra ma Se e Olla nta y
. hy y i
c a -su u d a le c t , 31 3 n .

D k
uc s Se e N unuma , H na chna g J
Fi uero a , ua n d e : c lim t o t he b
h
.

ro o f o f his o use , 2 7 2
ig i
F uero a , G a rc a Sa nc e z d e h
EA G LE See A nca i
c ou s n o f Inc a G a rc ilasso a t
h
.

g
E re t s, 7 9 Cuz c o , 2 65 ; h is so n a sc o o l
E me ra ld s , l a nd o f : M an t a a nd fel lo w of G a r c ila sso , 2 65
Esme r a ld a s , 1 8 6 le t t e rs t o G a rc xlasso , 2 7 6
k
Eno c , M r , o n r u ns a t C a n . i h vi q i
uo t a t o ns fro m , 2 7 9
a nd H ua n uc o , 32 0 i g
Fl a m n o es, 7 9 , 17 6
q i
E u no xe s, o se r a t o ns fo r, 1 16 b v i i
Flo r d a See So t o.

Esme r a ld a s, 1 84 Fo ngas igcl e See Na y mla p

.

p
Es a d a , Do n M a rc o s me ne z d c Ji Fra nc isc a Nast a See Co lla nte s .
 IN DEX 425

G ALAPA G OS Isla nd s :vyg o a e of le a rnin g Inc a lo re fro m h is

Inc a T u a c Yu p p n qui t
a o, 9 3, m o t er h ’
s rel a t o ns a nd i
t he ,

1 84 , 1 8 5 ; t w o s a si l nd c a lle d w ay t o c o unt t h e quip us , 2 7 1

H a ba a -c um h pia nd N na i ad v e nt ure s on t he b ki g
re a n
h pi
c um , 1 84 o ut of G iro n
’
s re b ll i
e o n, 27 2 ;
i g i
G a rc a , G re o r o d e in p o sse ssio n h is fa t h er s
’
ag nt nde a se c re ~

o f t h e ma nusc r ip
t o f e t a nz o s, B t ar y 27 3 ; , ith in t vi w er e n
4 S a y i T up
r l v ac , 27 4 t k a es ea e

Ga rc ia d e M e lo : se n t t h e rs t fi of P 1 d Ond g d
0 0 wh e e ar o, o

p g
as a ra us t o Cuz c o , 2 67 sh w him In mummi
o s ca es

Vg
G a rc ilasso d e la e a ( t h e fa t e r ) h 27 5 ; g t Sp in 275 o es o a ,

ma rried t o a n Inc a r nc es s , pi cold ly iv d t it ut i n re c e e , re s o re

260 ; h is n o le linea e , 2 61 ; b g fu d 27 6 ;
se pt in in t h
, ca a e

bi h
rt a nd e a rl y
c a r ee r, 2 61, M i w
o r sc o 276 ; l it y a r, era r
2 62 ; c a me to e ru w t P ih w k 2 77 M S n t h V g
or , . o e ar as

v
A l a rad o , w a r se r c e s, se t t le d vi f m i ly
a ttl d t C d v
, se e a or o a,
a t Cuz c o , 262 ; p ii
o s t o n o f his 277 ; a c c o unt o f h is Co m
‘

ho use a t Cuz c o , 2 63 ; i t fl gh me nt a rio s R e a le s, 2 7 8 ; o h

’

fro m Cuz c o , a t t h e a t t le o f b t a ined t he M SS of a le ra , . V

H ua r n a , i 2 69 ; t fl igh
fro m 2 79 ; q
uo t a t o ns fro m o t e r i h
’
b
Giro n s re ellio n, 2 7 2 ; re t urn a ut o rs, h 27 9 ; a l ue o f t he v
t o Cuz c o , 2 7 3 ; h is e st a t e s , Co m men t a r e s, 2 80 ; s t of i vi i
2 7 3 ; fo und e d a os h pi
t a l fo r a n o ld sc o o l fello w , 2 80 , 2 8 1 h
Ind a ns i 273 ; , nd ne ss ki to a g en t t o his m o t e r s re la
’
h
so ns of e d ro Pd el a rc o , B i
t o ns, 28 1 ; h is w ll , 2 8 2 ; i
273 ; i
ll ne ss a nd d e a t , 2 7 4 , h g i
le a c e s t o his ser a nt s , 2 83 ; v
275 p h
urc a se o f a m o r t ua r c a e l y hp
G a rc il as so Inc a d e la e a Vg in Co rd o a Ca t e d ra l, 2 83 ; v h
a ut o r s
’
h t ra ns la t o n o f t h e i d ea t , 28 3 h ur e d a t Co rd o a , b i v
fi rst p
a rt o f his R o a l Co m y in his c a e l , 28 3 ; e t a hp , pi ph
me nt a rie s, x n q
uo t e s A c o st a ,
. 2 84 ; us e d t h e w o rd A m a ra y
9 ; on T a ua n a c u, ih 29 ; fo r t h e la n ua e o nc e , 315 g g
c a lls h mse lf i
an A n t a rc t c i G a rla nd s See Cc a n Vincha
.

i
Ind a n, 31 ; ac c o un t o f Inc a Ga m a Se e Co a st
.

b i g
u ldin s in t h e fo r t ress o f P
G a sc a , e d ro d e l a , 2 7 2 , 2 7 5
g
Cuz c o , 32 ; me a nin o f n a me s y g
G a a n o s, Do n a sc ua l d e , x P
y
o f A a rs , 5 1 , 5 3 ; y g sa in s o f g phy
G eo ra of y
e ru : R o a l G e o P
k g g p
Inc as ac no w le d in a Su re me g ph i
ra i y
c a l So c e t
’
s ma p , xii ;
B g
e in , 10 3 ; h
d e nie d um a n p b i i
u lic a t o n o f t h e R e lac o ne s
ifi
sa c r v i
c e s, 1 0 9 ; e rs o n o f t h e i i ’
G eo gra fi c a s d e Ind a s , 8 re l e f
P i p yh
ac c a r -t a m u m t , 1 4 0 ; e x p
ma s used by t h e Inc a s, 1 12 ;
i ii
pe rie nc e o f n a t v e m ed c nes, gi P
t h e c o a s t re o n o f e r u, 2 00
v i
1 5 8 , 2 68 ; o n Inc a in a s o ns p g phy
2 0 6 ; t o o ra o f Cuz c o , 2 68 ,
bi h
o f t h e c o as t , 22 3, 2 38 rt 2 69
a nd y
e a rl i
r ec o llec t o ns , 2 63 ; Gi n F n i
ro , H n nd
ra d c sco er a ez e
i
his re la t o ns a t Cuz c o , 2 64 ; b ll i n 2 7 2 ; d f t d t
re e o e ea e a

h i
,

sc o o l l fe , 2 64 —8 a n e xc e l l e n t Pu 273 c a ra ,
p g ph
t o o ra er , 268 in c a n e G ld p i n ip l
o u r f 19 1 c a so rc es o
h
, , ,

t o urna ment s, 2 68 ; o use a t 19 7 S B t pl t

. ee reas a e
k
t a c ed , g
2 69 ; o es o ut to G m
o 15 ;
a ra , un t f g d a cc o o a o
h
mee t his fa t er, 2 7 0 k ind ness h ll C n 10 3 n ; G
e ca si o ,
. a rc

Pi
o f G o nz a l o z a rr o t o, 270 ; l qu t t i n f m 2 7 9
a sso s
’
o a o s ro ,
42 6 IN DEX
G o n z a le z R o sa de la , Dr .
, x H ua c c a c , 7 6 ; t oo k t he na me
pi
r n te d t h e sec o nd p a rt of of U
ira -c o c a h
i
C e z a d e Le o n, 4 n ; . his H a tun-r in c r iyo c See Orej o nes
.

resea rc h es re s p t in g t h
ec e w or s k H a y lli, s o n g
1 32 ,

of V a le r a , 13 ; resea rc h es re H ea d -d ress o f t he Inc a , 122 , 2 9 2

s p t ing T i hu n u 2 5 ; n
ec a a ac o o f t he H igh P i
r est , 1 0 5 ; of

h
,

t h l i t f king in M nt in
e s o s o es o s, y o ut s a t t h e H ua ra c hica , 1 32
4 0 ; hi d it i n f C s e o o a rrera s
’
H el ps , Sir A rt ur : S a n s c o n h p ih
M hi oc g mm ca 2 2 0 ; qu ra ar , es q ue st o f e ru, 2 5 1 P
ti n o f G il o int g i t ya rc a sso s
’
e r , H ere d a , i P
e d ro de : ser ce ofvi
2 80 ; p v d t h i d nt i t y f
ro e e e o i
C ez a d e Le o n und e r, 2
th n ny m u
e a J ui t w i t h
o o s es H e rna nd ez , e o, Di g
ma rr ed t o i
V l 30 3
a era , B i
ea t r z Nust a , 260

G o os e . S H u ll t ee a a a H e ro ns , 7 9
G fi t t ing n Univ ei t y m nu ipt ers , a sc r H e rre ra , 15 ; m a es k U
rc o o ne o f

f S m i nt in l i b
o ar y f 6
e o ra r o , ig
t h e re ni n Inc a s, 9 0 g
S Pi t h m nn
ee e sc a H erv a y , Inc a fo rt ress o n “ t h e
G n iu lib
ro ov y m nu ipt f
s ra r a sc r o i
c o a s t , ru ns , 180 2 38 , 32 0 ,

igh P i
,

S m i nt in 5
ar e o , H r e st Se e Ui lla c Uma
.

G u m ng
a 266 2 7 4
a a,S Hu , . ee a g i ih g
H o l u n , Q u c ua ra m ma r, v i, 31 3
m a nc a H na ca s, in t h e v
a lle of t he y
G ua fia p e , c o as t v a lle , 20 8 y i
R ma c , vi
2 29 ; , H ua ma n
i i y
G ua fi a pe sl a nd , a nc e nt c e me t e r ,
P o m a o n, 1 7 a nc e st ra l o d s, g
2 18 1 0 4 , 1 14
Gu n d p i t
a o nt iqui t y f
e li
os s : a o re cs pi
H a aca p Ut lla , r e st o f a H ua ca , 10 6
l ul t d f m t m upp
ca c a e d ro i e s o se H uac a p R ima chi, a nno unc e r o f
t b ot k n in m king t h
e a e a e o rac le s 1 0 6 ,

d p it e 2 18 n os d ub t s, f . o s o H ua c a yP
a t a , a t Cuz c o , 1 33

M S q ui r 2 28 n
. er , . y q i ib
H ua c a T a u t r e , fo llo w ers o f
G u y quil
a Sa Ch n . ee o os y
t h e A a rs, 5 0 , 65
G ul l , A nd e a n . Se e Que llua H ua c hua , w ld d uc , 7 9 i k
i
H ua c o , w fe o f o n e o f t h e A a rs, y
49, 5 1
H A H UA - CH UM P I See G a la a os . pg H ua hua s fo r sa c ri c e ( la m s, n o t fi b
i
H a s Q uisru, t rd s t a t o n o f t h e hi i c hi ld ren ) , 10 9
y
A a rs , 5 1 H ua lla , d iviners, 1 07
H a murp a , a c la ss o f d ne rs , ivi g iv
H ua lla a r er : fl gh
i t o f C a nc a s h
10 7 t o , 1 7 8, 1 9 3 ; ra d c a lle d pi
H a na n Cuz c o See Cuz c o . g i
Sa l t o d e A u rre , 1 9 3 ; t r es ib
H a r o , H e r n a nd o d e : m a d e p r i o n, 1 9 8
so ne r by i
T t u A t a uc h i, a nd H ua lla ta , w ld o o se , 7 9 i g
w ell t re a t e d , 2 5 3 H ua llca nca , shi e ld , 29 2
v
H a r e st fe st a l, 1 2 0 —3, 1 35 ;iv p
H ua l a a c ef hi
w ho a t t a c ed k
h
,

pi
c t ure of ua m a n o ma , P y
Lo o la , 2 9 3
1 35 Sec I nt i p R a ym i
. p
H ua l a R ima c h i, t ut o r o f Inc a
H a t un-c o lla , Int - ua t a na a t , 1 16 ih U i ra -c o c a , 3G h
t a en k by
Inc a Pa c h a c ut i, 1 89 p p
H ua l a T u a c , ro t e r o f H ua na b h y
i
c h e f se a t o f t h e Co llas , 18 7 , Cc a p a c , g
ra nd fa t e r o f Inc a h
319 G a rc ila sso , 2 60
H a tun Puc uy m o nt , Fe rua r , h b y p p
H ua l a T u a c Yu a n ui, unc le o f p q
M a rc h , 1 19 1 34 t he Inc a G a rc ila sso , 264 ;
h
,

H a t un T u a c , so n o f Ya ua r p let t ers fro m, 2 7 6

4 28 IND EX
ca p ign 24 1 ;
m a d ea t
, at h 111 ; phy iqu s e, a pp ea ra nc e ,

Qui t 2 4 2 ; b d y
o o a nd hua uqui d ress, 1 2 1 , 14 1 ; sy st e m of
b ught t Cu
,

ro o z c o , 243 ; w es iv gv o er nm e n t , 1 66, 170 ; 1 67 ,

a nd so ns, 2 4 1, 2 5 6, 25 7 ; wi d
s om a nd s t a t e sm a nshi , p
t re as ure fo und in his a la c e , p 17 2 ; ol cp iy w t r e a rd ihto g
2 67 t h e m o nt a na , 1 9 8 ; c o n uest q
ifi
H uma n sa c r c es, 1 0 8 ; la w p ro o f t he c o a st , 22 3 w ar o f
hibit ing , 10 9 Se e Sac r c es . ifi suc c ess o n , i 240 ; r n c ess es pi
b
H um o ld t c urrent , 2 0 2 i
m a rr e d t o S a n a rd s, 260 ; p i
b
H um o ld t , W m , o ssesse d a c o . p py p g
e di ree a nd p ii
e t t o n se n t t o

o f Car re r a s Yun c a
’
ra m ma r, g pi
S a n, 2 8 1 ; a sse m l e d at b
2 20 b pi
a t sm of M elc o r Ca rlo s hi
i gb
H um m n - ird o r Cc ent z
'

. See Inc a , 29 0 ; w ll o f Le g uisa mo i

Coe nt i i yi g
t est f n to t h e e xc ellenc e
H unu, a di s o n o f t h e vi i p pl eo e, hi
o f t e r r ule , 300 , 30 1 ro a d s
1 62 a nd bi g r d e s, p
o t t e r , 31 8 —2 0 y
H uquiz , na me, 4 4 ig i
Ins n a Se e A chihua (p a ra
.

i
H ur n Cuz c o See Cuz c o . so l ) , Cha mp i ( a t t le-a xe ) b ,

Chip a na b
( ra c ele t ) , Chuqui
( la nc e ) , H ua llca nca ( s ie ld ) h ,

IB I S , 7 9 H n a ntuy ( lit t e r ) , Lla utu ( fr n e ) i g ,

I chu, 2 2 , 8 1 S e e Yc hu
. M a sca p a y cha ( ea d d ress ) , h
I chur i a c o nfe ss o n , 10 6
, i b
T o ca p u ( elt ) , T a mi ( d a er ) , gg
Id o la t r e s,i J i
e su t s e m lo e d to p y T up a c Ya ur i ( sc e t re ) Usuta p ,

ip
e xt r a t e , 10 , 2 35 , 2 36 ; 0 11 h
( s o es) , Ya co lla ( m a nt le ) , N a p a
t h e c o a st , 2 35 , 2 36 ( sa c red ima g e o f lla ma ) , S untur
Illa T c i i Ui h
ra c o c a , n a m e s o f t h e
-
h
Pa uca r ( e a d -d ress )
iy
d e t , 4 1, 9 7 ; n o ed i vk by P
Ind ia ns o f e r u : t e r c a ra c t e r , hi h
Siuy a c u, 5 8 , 62 Se e ra . Ui ix ; a pp i
o nt me nt o f ro t ec t o r p
c o cha d es re d i by H ua ma n o ma , 1 9 P
p p k
Illa m u e a , 2 1, 1 9 1 re l igi
o us e l e fs b i 1 12, 1 13 ;
h igh i g
,

Illa p a , t und e r a n d l tn n d o c t o rs, 1 5 7 o r a n sa t io n in g i

hip
w o rs , 1 0 4 , 1 17 a y lla s, 1 60 ; und e r t h e Inc a s,
I lla y T a nta , sa c r e d r e a d , 1 24 b 161—3 ; d s on ivi i
nt o c lasses, i
i ip k
Ill ma n ea , 2 1 , 1 9 1 16 1 , 1 62 ; t a e n fo r k a r o us v i
Inc a s : st ud y
o f a ut o r t e s, x ; h ii ki
nd s o f ser ic e , v 162 , 163 ;
h
a ut o r s t ra nsla t o n o f M o l na
’
i i ii
c o n d t o n und e r t h e Inc a s, 1 67

on ri t es a nd c e r e m o n es , x i Se e A y llus, M z t ima es ; a lso

.

n . i
w t ne sse s fo r Sa r m e nt o s
’
i Le g uisa mo s w ll
’
i
hi st o r , y 6; o r t ra t s p i by i
Ind a ns o f t h e M o n t a ii a , 1 7 8 , 19 5 ,
H ua ma n P
o m a , 1 7 , 14 1 , 14 5 , 1 9 6, 19 7 Se e A nt s, Ca m as ,
. i p
14 6 p i
o r t ra t s a t Sa n t a A na h
Chirih ua na s, C o l o ne s, Co fa ne s,
( Cuz c o ) , 12 1 , 1 2 2 ; ma r r i h h
C unc o s , M a h a r s, Op a t a ris , i
g
a es, 5 6, 9 4 ; R o c c a , t h e rs t fi Pl lc o so ne s, Ya na s m s, M a o -
i i y
Inc a , 62 —7 ; su m ss o n of b i i run a s , La mis t a s

ib
t r e s t o , 65 ; t h e la nd o f t h e , Ine z Nus t a , h a d t w o c ld re n hi by
7 8 - 8 2 ; Inc a Ya ua r H ua c c a c , h Pi z a rro , 260

7 5 , 7 7 ; Inc a Ui
ra -c o c a , 7 7 , h ig i
Ins n a Se e Inc a s
.

9 0 ; Inc a Pa c h a c ut i, 9 0 , 9 3 ; y y
Int e rc a la r d a s , 1 1 7
p
T u a c Inc a Yu a n ui, 9 4 ; p q Int e rme nt s, 1 1 1 , 1 12 ; C imu, h
y
H ua na Cc a p a c , 9 5 t h e fa m i 2 17
p
lia r s irit s, 1 10 ; n t e rme nt s, i i
Int , t he sun as a d e it , 1 16 y
 IN DEX 4 29

Int ic a c a o r T it c ac a , 2 1 , 10 3 n i . Jun e —J uly , m o nt h c a l led I nt ip

i
Int -c a nc a or h Cc uri-c anc a , h R a ymi, 1 1 8
p
te m le o f t h e sun a t Cuz c o , J ust in ia ni, D r , d esc e nd ant o f t h e
.

55 d ivi
d e d nt o fo ur ua rt ers i q Inc as , Cura o f La r s
’
a ut o r s i h
c a ll e d Quinn-ca nc ha , Chump i vi i
s t t o, , viii
14 5 h is c o of py
c a ncha , S a yri-ca ncha , a nd Olla nta y , 14 6
Yam mp uy -ca n cha , 5 6 ; rule rs
at rst fi
li e d in, 5 8 ; r o a l v y
i
r e s d e nc e re mo e d fro m, 64 v LA FO N E Qunv nn o , D o n Sa mue l
I ntip Chinan , n a m e fo r c o se n h A : h is w o r
. k o n t h e c ul t o f

vi gi
r ns , 10 6 p
T o na a , 9 9
Int ip Pam a, p
in fro nt o f t h e L m b y qu
a a e e, t rad t ii on o f a rr iv al
p
t e m le : r unners a sse m le a t b f t ng
o s ra ers, 20 8 ; c hi f
e s o f,

t h e S ita a fest a l , 1 2 5 ; Int iv i 2 24 , 2 2 5 See N a y mla p

.

h
ua t a na in, 1 16 h h
La M erc e d , c urc a t Cuz c o , 2 63,
I ntip R a ymi, une — ul , 1 18 ; J J y 27 1
g re a t a r e s t fe sh v
t a l , 1 20 - 3 iv i ib
La m st a s, t r e o f t h e H ua lla a , g
Ip a c ura , o ne o f t h e A a r w e s, 4 9 y iv 17 8, 1 9 8
Iquic h ano s, 1 7 9 p
La m a , c o nt e nt s o f a na t e iv
ig i
Irr a t o n a t Na sc a , 17 7 , 2 37
’
d o c t o r s w a lle t a t , 1 5 7
C ir a h alle , v
20 7 ; C mu, y hi y
La R a a , 1 88
20 9 ; Ne p e iia , 2 1 8 ; fo rmer i viii
La r s , , 14 4 , 1 4 5 See ust inia n i
. J
d e ns t of iy o ula t o n pp
ro e d i p v Larra bure yUna nue , D o n E , x ; .

by
, 22 9 ; in so ut ern c o ast h o n us e o f pi
lla rs in Luna ua n a h
v y
al le s, 2 37 ruins, 32 0 ; on Pa r a munc a ,
b p q i
Isa e l Yu a n u Nust a , mo t er h Sillust a ni , 319 , 32 0
o f t h e Inc a G a rc ilasso , 2 60 h er i
La s a nd ra , b h
us e s, 9 4
p
ort ra t , 2 62 ; i
c a ll e d Ch m a i p i h
La ur c o c a , la e , so urc e o f t hek
Oc llo efore a t s m, 2 62 b b pi A m a z o n , 19 3
Isc uc ac a , 8 1, 8 6h La g/ oas , d ivi
n ers , 10 8
It ene z r er , 19 3 iv h v
Le c e , c o a s t a lle , 2 0 8, 2 2 4 y
i
Le guisa mo , M a n c o Serra d e
y
st o r g bi g
o f h is am l ny awa

JA N .
—FE B .
, m o nt h c a l le d Ga ma y, t he g i g
o ld e n m a e o f t h e sun ,

1 18 1 5 , 30 1 n ; i B i
marr e d
. eat r z

J j
au a c on qu est o f, 9 3, 17 3 ; p i
Nust a , 2 60 ; a c a t a n in t h e
wo rki ng of t he Inc a s yt s e m fo rc e i v g n a d in Vilc a p a m p a ,
in v ll y a e o f, 166 ; r iv er, 17 8 ; i
2 9 3 ; w t ness o f t h e Indi a ns
H uasc a r s a r m a t , 24 6 H er
’
y v g
re e re n c in h p
t h e e ad o f T u a c
na nd o d e So t o a t , 25 2 A ma ru, 2 9 6, 2 9 7 ; h is wil l ,
Jya a nc a , c o ast a lle , c e fs o f, v y hi i y
t e st mo n t o t h e e xc e lle nc e o f
hi
2 2 3 ; c ef o f, s e nt t o Cuz c o , t h e r ule o f t h e Inc as, 30 0 , 30 1
2 24 Le guisa mo , J ua n Se rr a d e ( t h e
Ju n a p
A mar u, re c e e d in
a Tu ac iv y g h
o un e r ) , sc o o lfe llo w o f Inc a

h
t h e o use o f A rc hbish o p Lo a y sa , iv
G a rc ila sso , 2 65 ; rec e e d a t
i
ma rr e d t o Co nd o rc a n qui, Cur Vilc a p a mp a , 27 3
a c a o f Surim a ni , 29 8 P i h
Le o n , e d ro d e C e z a d e a ut o r s
’

J i ul , o n t h e w est s d e o f La e i k i y i
t ra nsla t o n , x n ; e a rl l fe , 2 .

T t caca : ii
e su t st a t o n at , J i i se rvi c e s, 3 ; d e sire t o rec o rd
19 2 , 313 e v e nt s, 2 , 3 : h ih is c r o n c le , 3,
J uly A ugust , ‘
mo n t c a lled h ih
4 , 9 6 ; o n T a ua na c u, 9 0 n ; .

Cka hua r Quiz , 1 18

L
iv
g e s T ua p a c a a s t h e na me o f
’
430 IND EX
t he ser v a nt o f h 10 3
Ui r a -c oc a, Lo a y sa , Dr rst arc . fi is o of hb h p
n .
p ut U i th
rc c u ni e s c c ess o n Lima : h ad a ce nsus t a en k
of Inc as , 90 n hum on an in t h e ura Pi
a l le , 2 25 ; v y
s ac r ifi 10 9 ; hi v
c es, i f s ers o n o be friend ed t h e d a u t ers o f gh
t he P
ac c ar - a i t mpu my t h 14 0 p
Tu a c A m a ru, 2 9 8
ph
,

i
w t n e ss t o t h e a ut o m a t c w o r i k Lo a ysa , Do n A lo ns o ne ew

ing o f t h e Inc a s st e m, 166 y o f t h e a rc s o : hbi h p

w ed d n i g
b i
a s e nc e o f ra n o n t h e c o as t , su pp i
e r nt erru t e d , 2 7 2 p
20 1 Inc a r o a d s o n t h e c o ast , Lama s , 2 03
22 5 , 320 ; G arc ilasso s uo t a
’
q p
Lo e z , Dr D o n . Vi
c e nt e , o n a nc e nt i
i
t o ns fro m, 2 7 9 ; on lc a s Vi y
d n a st ie s, 43
h i
ua ma n r u ns, 32 0 ; o n Inc a vi
Lo re nt e re e w o f his c o nc e t o n pi
r o a d s, 32 0 o f Inc a rul e , 1 7 1
Le t o urne a u, h is vi
e w s re s e c t n p i g y
Lo o la , M a r t n G a rc a i ma rr e d i i
Inc a rul e , 17 1 t he r n c e ssPi Cla ra eat r z , B i
L igh i g
tn n , s ac , 1 17
'

gh
d a u t e r o f Sa r T u a c , 2 7 4 yi p
i
L ma , vi ew fro m t h e sea , vi p i
ca ta n in t h e Vil c a p a mp a
i
e xc urs o ns , ; viii
l ra r , ib y i v g
n adi n fo rc e , narro w e sc a e p
Pp a e le s a r o s, v i
’
ix ; in t h e 293 ; c a t ure d p
Inc a T u a c p
v ya ll e of t h e R m a c , 229 ; i A maru, 2 9 5
’
A rria ga s w o r k p bih
u l s ed a t , y
Lo o la , Lo re nz a , d a u te r o f gh
2 35 ; fo und ed by P
iz a rr o , 2 5 5 t he a o e : bvma rr ed ua n i J
b h
Inc as a nis e d t o , 2 9 7 A rc . h H e n r uez d eiq o r a , c re a t e d B gi
bi h p
s o o f, see Lo a y sa q
M a r ue sa d e Oro e sa w t p ih
i b p
L ma t a m o , a la c e a t , 2 86, 319 i
re ma n d er t o t h e e rs - e ne ra l hi g
Lit t e r See Ins n a , Luc anas
. ig i o f h e r unc le T u a c A maru, 2 7 4 p
i g
L z a rra a , R e ina ld o d e : g h is Luc a na s, H ua ma n o ma c e f o f, P hi
w or , k
15 ; o und a r b
y w all 17 su d ue d , 9 2 b t e r c o un hi
be t w e e n Inc a s a nd Co l la s, 18 8 t ry , 1 7 4 1 7 6, 1 7 7 c a rr ed t h e i
vi g fl
,

Lla cta -ca ma g o o, lla e o i c c r, 161 ,

’
In c a s l t t er, 1 7 7 i p e o le d t h e p
1 62 Na sc a a lle , 1 77 v y
Lla cta p a ta , 9 3, 2 87 Sa me a s . Lucuma a fru t t re e 82 i
h
, ,

Co lc a mp a t a Lun a ua na , ru ns, 320 i

gh
Lla lla hua , st ro n o ld o f t he Co lla s, Luna re o , Dr j Qu c ua d ra ma. ih
1 89 a rra n e d g 15 5 by
h h h
,

Lla ma M a ma , o use o ld g o d , 1 12 , Lupa c a s, o n t h e w est s o re o f La e k

1 13 ii
T t c aca 186 ; ,ma n se nt y
Lla mas , 2 2 ; d o mes t c a t o n, 30 ; i i awa y
a s c o lo n s t s , 164 ; a t i
ul , J i
ifi
fo r sa c r c e , 10 8, 10 9 See . 313
N a pa Lup i t h e sun as i er o f l
,
t, gv igh
i
Lla mp a l lec , d o l a t La m a e ue , byq 1 16
222 Lu pin 80 s,
Lla p c hi lulli, d esc e nd a nt s mad e Lur in v ll y p pl d by H u
a e eo e a ro
hi hi i 18 1 2 27 ; d in g
,

c e fs o f a a nc aJy Se e Na y m . c r s, , ra a e
la p , 2 2 2 230 ; i ig t i n 2 37 rr a o ,

y i g
Lla utu, ro a l fr n e , 1 2 1 , 2 7 4 , 2 9 2
Lla ychfun ca , d ivi
ners, 10 7
Llecco ~llec co , p v
lo e r , 7 9 M A CA B I isla nd c e me t er o n, 2 18 y
q
Llo ue Yu a n qu Inc a , 5 6 p i v
M ac ha y , c a e s fo r nt e r me nt s, 1 1 i
bi
Lo a rt e , G a r e l d e : a c c o m l c e pi M a cc a c ure r
, e nc a nt me n t by
10 8 h ,

in t he m urd e r o f T upa c M a cta p ur ic , c lass o f l i t t le o s by ,

A ma ru, 29 8 1 62
432 IN DE X
M ay - Jun e, mo n t h c al led A ymura y, 1 9 1; resul t s o f t h e s st e m, y
1 1 9 , 1 35 1 65 , 1 9 1 . See Co lla s, Lup ac a s,
y
M a o runa Ind a ns 1 9 8 i , y
A ma ras
y
Ma t a na me 4 6 , , g g
Mo chic a la n ua e : o n t h e c o as t ,
y
M a t a Cc a p a c Inc a 5 6 , 2 19 , 2 2 0 , 22 1 , 31 1 See Car
.

y
Ma t a Yu a n u p qi
reinfo rc e d re ra , Yunc a

H ua sc ar s a rm at
’
au a , y J j i v
Mo l n a , Crist o a l d e his w o r o n k
24 6—8 b
t h e fa le s a nd r t e s o f t h e i
M ed a no s o n t h e c o a st , 2 0 2 , 20 3 Inc a s, x n 9 ; o n t h e o r g n i i
ii h b
M ed c nal er s, 15 7 , 15 8 , 2 68 p p
o f t he e o le , 32 , 9 6 ; t e m le p
g i hi
M e a l t c a ge , 31 , 36, 4 6 p
o f t he Bi g
Su re me e n , 97 ;
M ela st o m ac e ae, 1 9 4 p y h
ra ers in Qu i c ua , 9 8 ; o n
M elc hio r Ca rlo s Inc a : a t sm, bpi h ifi
uma n s ac r c e s, 10 9 ; na me s
g
290 ; a e n t in S a n fo r t h e pi h
o f m o nt s, 1 1 7 n , 2 80 . at t he
Inc a s, 2 81 p
murd er o f T u a c A ma ru, 2 7 4
i
M elo , G a rc a d e : sent t h e rst fi M o ll e t ree ( S chinus M o lle) , 80 , 8 6,
p
a s a ra gus t o Cuz c o , 2 67 2 44
M end e z , Die o : t o o refu e witg k g h p
M o lle a t a , 8 1
Inc a M a nc o , 25 7 M o ne d ero , B
a rt o l o mé sc o o l h
M end o z a , Do n A nt o ni o d e, vi c e fello w o f Inc a G a rc ila sso , 2 65
ro y , 5 M o nta na pi
c a m a gn o f p T u ac
M end o z a , Do n An d re s H urt a d o d e , p q i
Yu a n u , 94, 19 5 , 19 9
q i
M a r u s o f Ca fie t e , ic e ro : v y sc e ner y vg i
a nd e et a t o n, 1 9 4

ind uc e d Sa yri T u a c t o l ea e p v p ro d uc t s o f, 1 9 5 i wil d In d a ns ,

Vilc a p a mpa , 2 73 vyg
1 9 6, 1 9 7 ; j
o a e o f Ore o nes

M es a , Do n A lo nso d e : a ent in g in, 1 9 8 Se e A bisc a , Ca ra v a y a ,

.

pi
S a n fo r t h e Inc a fa mil , y i
Ind a ns, Pa uc a rt a mp u, H ua l
2 81 g
la a
i h
M est z o s o r a lf-c a st es a t Cuz c o , i
M o nt e s no s : t ra nsla t edby t he
wit h p ih h
S a n s fa t ers a nd Inc a h
a ut o r , xi n . a c c o unt o f, 1 1

h hi
mo t ers, 2 64 t e r e d uc a t o n, i k igi
h is w o r o n t h e o r n o f t h e
2 64 h
sc o o lfe ll o w s o f t h e Inc a p p
e o le , 32 ; k g
his list o f in s,
G a rc ila sso , 2 65 a nis ed b h by 4 0 , 30 6- 9 ii t ra d t o n o f R o c c a ,
T o le d o , 2 9 8 ; a ut o rs ( see h 64 P i p yh
a c c a r -t a m u m t , 140 ;
B V
la s alera a nd G a rc il a sso ) vyg
o a e of j Ore o nes in t h e
y
Mic a , Q uee n ( Cc o a ) o f Inc a y i v i
M o nt a na , 1 9 8 ; Inc a n a s o n
R o c c a , 68 , 7 1 of the c o a st , 2 2 3 ; h is us e
M ic uc a nc ha o r Pa ull u : c ie f la c e h p of V a le ra s
’
k w o r , 30 4 ; h is
o f t h e H ua y lla c a ns , 69 h
me t o d s, 30 5
i
M d d e nd orf, Dr oca u l a r es o f
. v b i M o nt hs, 1 18 , 1 19 , 1 20 - 35 ; na mes
h
t h e M o c ic a l a n ua e , 22 0 g g giv en by i
d ffere nt a ut o r t es, h ii
i
M ller, G ene ra l : el a nd a d ceh p vi 1 18 a nd no te
g iv e n t o t h e a ut o r, ix h M o o n : w o rs hipo f, 1 0 4 ; na me s o f,
i
M lma n, Dr , e a n o f St
. D a ul s
’
P . 1 17
int ro d uc t o n t o Mr i resc o t t P . q g
M o ue ua , 1 64 , 1 7 2 , 2 39
fro m, vii M o ro Urc c : h
o us e w e re h
t he
M irc a y -ma fi a : t ut o r t o ri nc e P p
ro e fo r d a nc ers w a s e t, kp
Cus 85 i , 1 33
M isc el a ne a A ust ral,
’
G al o a by B b . M o rua o r M urua , Fra Ma rt n d e , y i
(w h o m see ) xi n ; . h g
c a n e o f d na st y y by
M it im aes or c o lo n s s : it yt m s s e , R o c c a , 64 ; ki
d na ing o f pp
1 64 , 2 39 ; in t h e Co lla s, 10 , i
Cus H ua l a 7 5 n ; p ra er
. p y
 IN DE X 433

of t he Inc a , 98 ; na me s of La m b y qu by
a e e sea , w it h a
giv n by 1 17 ; n m
st a rs e , a es fl ee t of st ra n e rs, g 222 ; h is
f m nt h 1 18
o v i n f th
o s, ers o o e t e m le p a nd id o l, h
d ea t , 2 2 2 .

P i t mp u my t h 14 0 ;
a c c ar - a , v
H is ser a nt s ( se e Fo ng s z gd e, d ’

l v t y 1 55 4 08 ; d iv Lla p chilullz , N ina co lla , N in

’

o e s or , , er a
t i n f n m G u m ng
o o 17 9 a e a a a, , yenta s, Ocho ca lo , Ollo p co p oc ,
2 80 ; u d t h w d A y m se e or a ra Pita z o fi, Xa m ) H is W i fe ( see .

f t h l ng u g t w i
or e 315 a a e c e, Ostarm ) ; t e m le ( Che t ) ; d o l, p i
M f b bi ( Lla mp a llc c )
'

o so c p lca a rao, c a ss o a es,

162 p
Ne ena , c o a st a lle , 2 0 8 irr a v y ig
M N in f t iv l 135
o so c a, es a , i
t o n, 2 18
M i D
o ss , Q ui hu hlr. , c a sc o ar : Nest ler, ro fes so r,P of ra ue P g
t n l t d t h hy mn giv n by
ra s a e e s e ma in k g researc es at T ia h
S l m yh u 9 9 ; hi d iv
a ca a a, s er a h
ua na c u, 25
ti n o f th w d o Qui hu e or c a, gh i g
Ni t n a le See Gheco llo .

174 Nina -c um h pi See Ga la a o s. pg

M t il n
o on th H u ll g
es o178 e a a a, , Isla nd s
19 8 N ina co lla , 222 See Nay mla p .

M t up
o a t v ll y 2 08 ; P i
e : co s a e , z a rro i
N na n Cu uc , e ld est so n o fy hi
t 22 4
a , y
H ua na Cc a p a c , 24 1 ; d ea t , h
Mu h n c a m ny f t
a ca , c ere d i ng o o re a 24 2
n o pt iv nd p il 8 9
ca es a s o s, N ingenlue , 2 2 2 Se e Na y mla p .

M u hi c iv n t h
, r t 20 8 ;
er o e c o as , Nov mb D mb
e erm nt h ec e er, o
t mp l e f t h M n n 2 16
e o e oo o , ,
ll d A y m
ca 1 18 1 2 8
e a a r ca , ,

22 1 N vi o 10 6c e s,

Mummi S Int m nt
es . On ee er e s, N unum w ild d u k 7 9
a, c ,

d e ga rd o Nu t lli p m id n w h
s a -c a sa
- a, a e s o

Mur ua See M o rua

. a t t e nd ed t he y o ut h s at t he
M use ums See Ce nt eno. a nd Ca p H ua rac hicu, 1 30 , 1 31
M un z
a ro i
M ust inc ia , M a rt de : marr ed in i
Bea t r z Nust a , 2 60 i OB SER VA T IO S N of t he sun fo r
y b i
Mu na , su m t s t o t h e Inc a , 65 , i
t me o f so lst i c es a nd e quino xes ,

80 , 1 4 2 1 15 , 1 17
Myrin , M r g d isc o er o f C imu
. v y h 0 c ( Oxa lis t ubero sa ) , 2 3
p
o t t er , 2 1 8 y p B
Oc a m o , a lt asar d e e y e -w it ness
o f t h e murd er o f T u ac A ma ru, p
29 6 n .

N a ca o, c ut t e r up of sa c ri c a l fii Oc c lo , 4 9
b east s, 108 h
Oc o a , Dr ulia n a ut o rit
. J h y
N a pa , sac red ima e o f a l la ma , g on k
fo l l o re a t Cuz c o , i i, vi
51 a t t h e H ua ra chz cu fest a l, iv 144
130 Ocho ca lo , 2 2 2 See Nay mla p .

p
Na o ri er, 19 8 v Oc o fia , c o a st a lle , 2 39 v y
Nasc a v ii irri
, i g tia on k
w o r s, 1 7 7 , b v b
Oc t o er—No e m e r, mo nt c alle d h
2 37 ; c o a st v a lle y , 227 ; Uma R a ymi, 1 1 8
a nc ient p ot ter y , 2 30 . Se e O H iggins, La Seno ra ,
’
vi
Luc a nas Ol iv a, A nell o wor on d is k
v
Na a muel , sec re t a r y : w it h t he t inguish e d esu t s inJ i eru, 14 P
Vi y c e ro T o le d o d ur n i g t he n. ih
o n T a ua na c u, 24 , 29 n ; .

j un y
o r e i p i
s o f ns ec t o n , 2 8 9 v
e id e nc e o f
’
V
a lera s a ut ors i h hp
Nay mla p , a c ief : h
a rri a lv at fro m Oli a , 303 v
434 IN DEX
Ol iv a, Di g e o de rece iv ed t he Ort iz , Fria r A u us t ine Di g e o, g
ma nus c r t ip of h a nc isc o de se nt t o c o n ert CUSI T it u v
C hv
a 2 53 n
es, . p q i
Yu a n u , 290 ; p ut t o d e a t h
Olla nta y , a n Inc a dr a ma : t rans fo r no t c uring t h e Inc a , 2 9 1 ,

la te d by
t he a ut o r, xi n , 14 3, h . 29 2
14 4 ; re d uc e d t o wr t n i i g by O vi ed o , Fria r G a b riel : h is a c co unt

Dr . V
a ld e z , 1 4 5 , 325 ; t h e J us of t he murd er of Tu pac
t inia ni t e xt , 1 4 8 ; o minic a n D A ma ru, 2 9 6 n .

t e xt , 14 8 ; a rg umen t o f t he Oxal is tuberosa o r 0 0 a , 23

d ra ma , 14 9 , 1 5 2 —4 , 330 -4
na me ,
’
Z ega rra s t e xt , 32 8
335 P A CA J ES , t ri be on t h e s o ut ern h
p
Ol la nt a y -t a m u me al t hic a rt , g i p s id e of La k e T it ic ac a , 1 86,
32 ; b y
ea ut , 8 2 ; c o n ue st o f, q 31 3
ih
9 1 n ; Int - ua t a na a t , 1 1 6 ;
. P e c a ses , tr ib e on the e as te rn sid e
ip
d esc r t io n, 1 5 0 —1 , 319 ; d e of La k
T it ic a c a , 1 8 6
e

fe nc e o f, by
M a nc o Inc a , Pa c asmay u, c o ast a lle , 2 0 8 v y
25 6 Pac cari-ta mp a , m t , 4 8 2-5 7 ; yh
Ollo p co p o c, 2 2 2 See Na y mla p
. d a t e , 5 5 ; a ut o r t e s o n, 14 0 h ii .

Ond e ga rd o , o lo d e : P t ra nsla t o n i See A a rs y

o f h is re o r t p by
t h e a ut o r, h Pa cca r isca , a nc e st o r w o rs i , 109 , hp
xi n , 7 . on h
uma n sac ri c e s, fi 1 14
h
1 0 8 se a rc fo r Inc a mum m e s, i Pa cca y , a fruit t ree , 82 380 ,

1 1 0 , 1 1 1, 2 7 5 ; h is na mes o f Pac chac uc , di in e rs, 10 7 v

t he h
m o nt s, 1 1 8 ; o n Inc a Pa c ha ca , di s o n o f t he vi i e o le p p
i i ih
a d min st ra t o n, 1 69 ; w t t he a h
und re d fa milie s, 1 61
Vi y
c ero j y
T o le d o o n his o urne P h
ac ac a mac , a fi sh g o d o n t he
i p i
o f ns e c t o n, 2 89 c o as t : t e m le , 18 1, 2 33, 234 p ,

i
Op a t a ri Ind a ns, 19 6 32 0 ; g
re a t o rac le , 2 32 ; d ol i
Oré , Bi h p i
s o i
Lu s G e ro n mo : o n d e st ro e d y by
H erna nd o iz arro P
hi g g
t h e M o c c a la n ua e , 2 19 ; 2 34 ; e rro neo us d e a re s ec t i p
h is
‘
i ’
iv
R t uale , 3 13 ; a na t e in g, 2 35 , 32 0
g
o f G ua ma n a , 313 P h h
a c a c a c a ri e r, 1 7 4 , 1 7 5 ; A y v
Orej ones o r H a tun-r inc riyo c, 67 ; m a ra s a t t h e ea d -w a t e rs o f, h
c hi
ef o f A nt a : i k
r a se d t o ra n 19 1
o f, 7 6 ; fl gh i h U
i t w t Inc a ira Pac h ac ut i, a ro a l t it le mea nin , y g
c o c a , 84 ;h d e fea t o f C a nc as h 4 1, 4 2 ; t h e e t igh h
Pac h a c ut i,
by
, 89 ; re t urn t o Cuz c o , 9 0 ; 46 ; r nc e Cu Pi s re ce ed t h e i iv
d ress, 1 2 3 ; o ut s e u pedy h q ip i
t t le , 8 7 , 89 ; ma rc a a inst h g
a s, 134 ; in a t t le w t b t he ih Urc c , 9 0 ; a c e e me nt s , 9 1 hi v
Co lla s, 189 ; m a n re c e e d in y iv c o n ue s t s , q92 ; a la c e , 1 20 p
Co lla -su u, 1 9 1 ; y o a e in vyg hi
h is e r, 9 2 ; d e a t -sc e ne , 9 3 h
t h e mo nt a na , 19 8 ; re sume d y
m um m , 1 1 2 ; in t he d ra ma o f
o ffic e s o n d e a rt ure o f A t a p Olla nt a y , 14 8 , 330 ; sent a n
h ua lp a s a rm , 2 5 0 ; ac no w
’
y k ar m y
t o c o n uer C nc a ~ q hi h y
g
le d e M a noo a s Inc a , 2 5 4 ; y
su u, 17 8 ; c o n ues t o f Co lla q
b ig
e s e e Cuz c o , le d M a nc o , by su u, y
1 88 , 18 9 ; uilt t he b
25 5 Co lc a mp a t a , 2 8 7 Se e Cus . i
Org o fi e z , Lie ut e na nt o f Al ma ro , g P h
a c a M a ma , s ir t o f t h e ea r t , p i h
25 6 1 12
i
Or t z d e Orue , ed ro P
Se e Mar a . i Pa ell a Puc a y . mo nt , M a rc h h
U sc a p
A ril, 1 19 , 134 4'
436 IN DE X
Pi H n nd
z a rro , t P h er a o : a ac ac a Punc h a u, na me o f t h e sun, 1 16
m 2 34 2 38
ac, , p y ra er t o, 9 8
Pi P d hi l i n
z a rr o , e ro s
‘
re a c o e s,
’
6 Pa n cha u China n Se e A d la
, .

Pl ta ne s, m giv by V l
na es en a e ra , Pun cu o r Po ngo See R a d s . pi
1 17 Punuc r a cu, c la ss o f er o ld v y
Pl v S Ll ll
o e r. ee eco - eco m en, 1 61
P h
oc n th
e o s, o t Pi e c oas , z ar ro a t , Puquina , d alec t Se e rus i U .

2 24 Pa ris, t h e un t , e a d o f a fa m l , i h iy
P A nd
o ore s, t ib 17 9 ea n r e, 160 ; hi s r e s o ns ilit , 1 61 p ib y
P0 10 d e Ond ega rd o See Ond e . Pa w n -p a ell a , re mo t e t me s, 2 30 i
g
a rd o
Po ly lep is r a cemo sa See Que fi ua r .

P ip
o m a re s, Fel e d e on Inc a QUAI L Se e Chuy.

t rea sure , 28 8 n .
Quellua A nd e a n g ull 7 9
P g fih
, ,

o n o s, s ermen o n t h e c o a st , Quenua r ( Po ly lcp is ra cemo sa ) , 22,

2 39 80
P p y Bi h p
o a a n, s o of : w t t he ih Qui c hu a t ri b e : st ud y of t he
Vi y j y g g g
g

c ero T o l e d o o n hi s o urne , la n ua e, vi ; so n s c oll ec t ed ,

2 89 ; r o t e st s pa a ns t the g i ix 1 5 6 ; d i t i n i by t h c o a r es e

ut h xi n ; t h i
,

murd e r o f T u a c A ma ru, 29 5 p a o r, unt y . e r co r ,

Po t a t o e s, 2 3 ; a nt ut o f c ul t iq i y i 92 ; d m 14 7 14 8 5 6 ;
ra a s, ,
-

v i a t o n, 30 n m a giv n by g mm i n
e e ra ar a s

P y
o t t er , at Na sc a , 1 7 7 , 2 30 ; t o th R n mi egn l a a -se or e era
hi
C mu 2 13, 2 14 ; Yo a , 229 , l ng u g
a f P u 1 37 1 38
a e o er , , ,

th i f t
,

2 30 ; Inc a , 320 1 7 4 31 2 ,
1 74 e r o r resse s, ,

P y
ra ers o f t h e Inc a s, 9 8, 1 00 , 1 7 5 ; d iv t i n f th w d
er a o o e or
10 1 , by M i 1 7 4 S H lguin o ss , . ee o ,

Pre sc o t t , M r :
‘
q P u
Co n ue st o f er ,
.
’
Ju t ini ni M i S nt T m
s a , o ss , a o o a s,

v vi vi i h vii
s t o f a ut o r t o , T R ub i
o rres o
t i n w i t h vii viii
,

nv Qui uch m ny f gi l
’

co ersa o s , , c z ca , c e re o or r s,

m nu ip t f B t n
a sc r pi d o e a z os c o e 1 36 1 68 ,

f 4 ;
or , mi t k b ut t h s a e a o e Quil u l v
ac pi d 1 0 ; nt
: o e e so e, se

nd p
se c o t f Ci d L n ar o ez a e eo , o n n mb y t Hu
a e ass o a sc a r

4 n ; hi. py f P d s co o e ro t t m nt 2 44 ;
re a pt i n by
e re c e o
245 ; in l v w i t h
,

Pi R l i n
z a rro s
’
6 ; nd e ac o e s,
’
a t h Cc ye o a, o e
f P 1
o d Ond g d
0 0 7 ; e e ar o, Cu i C y llu 2 44 ; b t t h d
r o r, e ro e
qu t A t 9 ; Ci
o es d cos a, ez a e 2 4 6 ; in mm nd f v co a o rese r e

L n 4 n t y f Sp ni h my 24 7 ;
’
eo ,
. s or o a s o f A t h u lp a a a s ar ,

i nv i n 2 5 1 ; t y f i g
as o , s or o s e e w und d
o u d by Cu i e : re sc e r

f Cu
o 25 5 ; u
z c o, f G i se o a rc C y ll u 2 4 7 ; m
o i g 2 82
r, a rr a e,

l d
a sso l V g 2 80 S
e a e a, . ee Q ui ll t h m n 1 1 7 m nt h 1 17
a, e oo , o ,

B l und e a e Qui ll g ua t ib f C ll
a s, uy u a r e o o a -s ,

P i g M qui f 2 7 6
r e o, ar s o , 1 86
P i t 10 6 10 8 S Uill Um
r e s s, , . ee ac a Q uillisc a nc h a , su ur o f Cuz c o , 85 , b b
P pi h
ro so d s S Al g
o rr z b a . ee a ro a 86
Pu b t t l t 4 5 19 0 2 7 3 ;
c a ra , a e a Q uin a -
qm na , 15 7
'

gh ld f t h C ll 1 89
, , ,

t s ro n o o e o a s, i i
Q u n ne Se e Chinc o na
. h
Pu ll c hu mac l a f b y 162 ra , c a ss o o s, Quinua , 2 2
Pum guac a i n u t i n 144 ;
a, s rr e c o , Q ui no ne s, A nt o n o , ro t er-ih -la w i b h
h a d se e n t h e Inc a t reasure , of G a rc ila sso d e la e a : Vg
2 5 1 n , 288 n . . fl gh
i t w t hi m, 2 7 3 ih
P una isla nd , 1 84 Quinti-ca ncha S ee Int i-c a nc a . h
 IN DEX 437

Quip a y p a ne a r Cuz c o : Ata h a ig

R o d r ue z , d e Fi ue ro a g Di g e o
h
, ,

alp a s
’
m y
2 4 9 ; sc o o l
ar at , e m a ss b y
t o Cus T t u Y u i i p nqui
a

by
o s g o o ut aw h ki g h
n t e re , 2 66 2 8 5 , 29 1 ; w ro t e a n a c c o unt
Quip u re c o rd s : l st o f a nc e nt i i o f t h e m is s o n, 2 9 1 i
ki g
n s d e r e d fro m , 4 1 ; iv re R o s a , D r G o n z a le z d e l a
. r nt e d pi
fe rr e d t o by
Si uy a c u, 5 9 ; d e t h e se c o nd a r t o f t h e c ro n c le p h i
sc r ip i
t o n, 1 39 ; use s , 139 , 1 4 0 , o f C ez a i d e Le o n , 4 n ; h is
h
.

14 1 , 27 1 ; l e a r nt Inc a by i g
re se a rc es re s p e c t n k t he w o r
G a rc il a sso , 2 7 1 ; use d a s a u of V
a l e ra , i 13 ; i nfo r ma t o n
t h o rit ies by V
a le ra , 30 5 p i g ih
fro m, res e c t n T a ua na c u,
Quip uca ma yo cs , re c o rd e r s, 4 1 , 10 6, i
2 5 ; o n t he l s t o f ki g n s in
1 39 , 14 2 i ii
M o n t es n o s, 4 0 ; his e d t o n
Q uiquisa n a , 1 26 of g
Ca rre r a s
’
r a mm a r , 2 20 ;
Qm m u, o r c ra d le , 135 q i i giy
uest o ns G a rc il a sso s n t e r t ,
’

Q uirir m a nt a , fo ur t st a t o n of h i 2 80 ; p v y
ro e d t h a t t h e a n o n

t h e A a rs , 5 2 y V
m o us Je su1 t w as a le ra , 30 3
i pi
Q u s c a nc a , 9 5 , 2 7 0 h hi h
R os a s, D r , Cura o f C nc e ro
.

Qu s i pi i
T t u, so n o f Cus T t u i i had a c o py o f Olla nta y , 1 4 8

p q
Yu a n ui : e fr e nd e d b i by ih i p
R um ua s a ss, ix
‘

i
M a rt n A m uero , 2 9 7 p i
R um fi a ui, a Qu t o
-
i g e ne ra l , 2 4 2 ,

Quw ua r ( B ud d lem I nca n a ) , 2 2 , 8 0 2 66

i q
Qu t o c o n ue st , 9 3, 9 5 , 1 64 , 1 7 3, h i
R una - ua na , ra v n e , 1 80
1 82 , 1 9 8 ; d e a t o f H ua na h y R una g t he g g
e n e ra l l a n ua e ,

Cc a p a c a t , 9 5 , 2 4 2 ; al o a B b 1 37 , 1 38 ih
See Q u c ua .

w ro t e a t , 22 l n A t a ua l a h p y i
R un t u c a a , o f A nt a , w fe o f
-

no t b
o rn a t , 2 4 1 n . Ui h
r a -c o c a Inc a , 77

Qurta , a d o e , 8 2 v y
R utuc hz cu, c ere m o n i g o f na m n

iq i
Qu z u z , a Qu t o e neral , 2 4 2’ ; i g by
o s, 1 35 , 1 67

in c o mma nd o f A t a h ua l p a s
a rm , y
24 7 ; re ul se d : t oo p k
H ua sc ar r so ne r , pi
24 9 , 2 5 0 ; SA A VE D R A , Do n a ut s t a : e ws B i vi
me t h is d eser t s, 2 5 1 o n t h e a yllu c o mmuni t es 1 7 1 i ,

v
Sa a e d ra D r M a ld o nad o : a e gv
N
.
,

R A M OS G A L IVA : h is w o r o n t h e k t he V
a lera ma nusc r t s t o Inc a ip
c urc h h p
o f Co a c a a n a 10 ; a c b , G arc il asso 2 7 8
h
,

c o unt o i m it i m a es a t ul , 3 1 4 J i ifi
Sa c r c es, 1 80 ; uma n, 1 0 9
R a nso m , fo r A t a ua l a , 2 5 0 , 2 5 1 h p Sa c sa h ua m a n ll : fo r t ress o n, 32 , hi
R a nt i, n a m e , 4 6 hi g
33 ; C n a na c a e o n , 60 See v .

pi
R a d s o n A ma z o n an r e rs i iv , R o cc a
c a lle d p un cu, 1 9 3 See M a n . Sa c sa h ua na See Sa quis a ua na
.
-
h
i
se r c h e , Sa lt o de A u rre g i , Sa h ua ra ura , Dr us t o : c la m e d . J i
Ca n c h a gua y o M a inique , d e sc e nt fro m rinc e Pa ul lu, P
R a ua o r R a va , 4 9 2 8 2 at .

R a ymi, na me , 4 4 Se e Fe st a ls , . iv St P
au l s,
’
D e a n o f. Se e M i lm a n ,
h
.

M o nt s Dr
h
.

Re i
s s, D r re se a rc e s a t A nc o n , 2 2 7
. Sa lc a ma y h ua a nt iquit i es o f P e ru
R o a d s, 32 0 t ra nsla t e d by t h e a ut h o r, x n
i p
R ma c - a m a , 9 5 p a c c o un t of h is w or k , 16 ;
R o c c a , 4 6, 5 6 5 8 , ma k es U rc o a re ign ing Inc a ,
R o d a d e ro , ro c k
ne a r t h e fo rt re ss 90 n ; . t e m le p to Ui ra -c o c h a,
o f Cuz c o : p
la c e fo r t o o a n b gg 97, 98 T a ra p a c a a nd T o na p a,

ing, 2 66 n a me s o f ra Ui -
’
c o c h a s se r v a nt s
438 IN D EX
10 5 n v
e rsio n o f t h e a ccar P i S aga hua mrac , c la ss o f c ld re n, hi
yh
.

p
t a m u m t , 14 0 , 280 1 62
i i
Sa l n ll a s, na me o f t h e orse o f h S a yr i-ca nc ha , 5 6
Vg
G a rc ila sso d e la e a , 2 7 0 , 2 7 1 yi
S a r T u a c , so n a nd p e ir of h
Sa lt o d e A u rre g i See H ualla a
. g M a nc o Inc a , 25 9 ; t o urna me nt
Sa na , c o a st v
a ll e , 2 0 8 y a t h is b pi
a t sm, 268 ; nd uc ed i
h h
Sa nc e z , sc o o l mast e r t o M est z os i t o c o me t o L ma , 2 7 3, 2 7 4 ; i
a t Cuz c o , 2 64 re t urn t o Cuz c o d ea t , 2 7 4 ; h
h h
,

Sa n Crist o a l , c urc v a t Cuz c o , h is W ife Cus H ua rc a , 2 7 4 ; i y

2 5 6, 2 86 ig
ma rr a e o f h is d au t er t o gh
p i g
S a nc u, ud d n a t S ita a fe st a l, iv y
Lo o l a 274 ; re c e ed t he iv
h p
,

12 6 lla utu of A t a ua l a fro m

Sa n D a mia n , in H uaro c ir , 230 h i ig
M uel A st e t e , 2 7 4
Sa n D igo m n o , c o n e nt a t Cuz c o v S ch inus mo lle e rr use d to b y
hi h
,

co py o f Olla nta y a t , 1 4 8 flv
a o ur c c a , 12 7 See M o lle .

San Lo re nz o , isla nd , , 22 7 v h
Sc o o ls See Ya cka -hua si
.

ib
Sa no c t r e : fo llo w ers o f t h e S ec , p e c ul a r i
la n ua e o n t h e g g
y
A a rs , 5 0 , 65 c o ast , 22 0
v
San t a , c o as t al le , 2 0 8 y h
Se c ura , o n t h e c o a st , 2 2 0
S a nt a A na , c ur c h h
at Cuz c o : i i
S c ua n , 1 13 ; Dr a ld e z , Cura . V
p i
o rt ra t s o f Inc as , 12 1 o f, 148

i
Sa nt lla n
’
i
R elac o n, xi n , 7 , 169 . Sillust a ni, chulp as o r Co lla ur a l b i
Sa nt o T o ma s, D
o min o d e : g h is t o we rs, 18 7 , 319
g ra mma r o f t h e e ne ra l l a n iv
S l a, e o Di g
d e, o df a t e r of g h
ua ge a e gvit t e na me o f Inc a G a rc ilasso , 2 64
uic h ua , 31 2 Sima p o nt e , T u ac A ma ru c a p p
h
Sa quis-a ua n a , 8 4 , 89 , 9 0 me a n t ure d a t 29 3 ,

ing o f t h e w o rd s, 9 0 n ; c o r . i hi h i
S nc , c e f, 159
rup t e d to Xaqm x A hua na
'

i hi
S nc R occ a , 5 6
a nd S a c s A hua na , 9 0 ‘
See . Siquilla p a mp a , t h e Cc o a M a ma y
Ca quia
’
i
R ah ua s r es d e nc e a t , 2 4 4 , 2 4 5 ,
Sa r a M a m a , 1 12 24 7
i
Sa r m e nt o , ed ro P de : o a es vyg iv
S ita a , fe st a l , 1 2 5 —7
t ra nsla t ed by
t h e a ut o r, xi n h Siuy a c u, mo t e r o f R o c c a : re o h v
hi
.

y
st o r of t h e Inc a s, xi n lut io n a rra n e d , 5 8, 5 9 ; g by
ip
ma nusc r t at G ot t n e n , i g ur g f m
e s re o r 66 s,

i by
ed t e d Dr Pie t sc h m a nn, 5
. So c a i li m und t h In
s 1 69
er e c a s,

p i v
a c c o un t o f s ec a l a lue , 6, 2 80 ; So c so or Su b t d f In eso , a s ar o ca
h 7 7 84
,

i
v e rs o n o f t h e P
a cc ar t a m u i - p Ui ra -c o c a, ,

y
m t h , 4 9 - 5 7 ; h is d a t e s, 5 5 ; S o c a c,
y d ivi n 10 7 ers,

giv h p
es T a ua ac a as t h e na me So a r o
l b v t i n 1 1 5 1 16
se r a o s,

h
,

of Ui -
’
v
ra c o c a s se r a nt , 10 1 So o rz a
l n J u n d hi P l t i
o, a e : s o i ca
on ifi
h uma n sa c r c e s, 10 9 Ind i n a 8 a,
’

h
me t o d o f rec o rd n i g v e e nt s , So l ti
s c e s, 1 15
ii P b
140 ; c o nd t o n o f e ru e fo re So l t i t i l pi ll
s a 1 15 a rs,

vy g
t h e Inc a s, 1 5 9 ; Inc a s o a e
’
So nd o r- Im i 319 as ,

pg i
t o t h e G a l a a o s sla nd s , 18 4 , So ng s: h v t ng 7 0 ; H u i
ar es so , ar ,

18 5 ; v i
Inc a in a s o n o f t h e 1 31 ; H ylh 1 32 ;
a Y m kui
’

1 35 ; my t h i l
, ,

c o ast , 2 23 viv
s ur a ls o f Inc a s , ng 1 4 3 ; l v
ca so o e

ih
,

2 5 4 ; w t t he Vi y c e ro T o led o so ng 15 6s,

j
o n h is o urne y i i
o f ns pec t o n , 2 89 So o th ysa S
e rs . Di i n ee v e rs
S a usir u, fa rm 135 , S a ra , a n i nt xi t i n g pi i t 1 2 8
o ca s r ,
44 0 IN DEX
T e ruel , Pd e : w o r lo st , 1 0
edr o k inv i as o n o f Vilc a p a mp a
292 ;
h gh b
,

T ere sa , H R H rinc e ss
. of
. . P V ! t h e Inc a
f ro u t b e fo re h im,
Bva a ria , 1 1 3 2 9 4 ; e nt re a t e d t o s are t h e p
T h rus h See Chihua
. Inc a , 2 9 5 ; h is an s me nt o f b ih
h
T und e r a nd l t n n , w o rshi igh i g p t h e Inc a fa m l , 2 9 7 ; iy e rse p
o f, 1 0 4 , 1 1 7 c ut io n o f m est z o s, 2 9 8 ; i h is
h
Tia ua nac u : d e sc r ed , 2 3, 24 ; ib ig
d s r ac e d o u t ful , 2 9 9 b
a c c o unt in t h e w o r o f Ol a, k iv T o ma y H ua ra c a , c e f o f t h e hi
2 4 ; m o nol t hi c d o o r w a , 2 5 ; i y h
C a nc as, 8 3, 8 6 8 9 ,

c e nt ra l fig
ure , 25 , 2 6 ne el n k i g iv
T o no r er , 19 3, 19 6
fig ur e s, 2 7 m st e r surro und y y T o na p a , La fo ne o n t h e c ult o f
igi
ing o r n, 2 8 ; m t , 2 8 , 2 9 ; yh 9 9 n , 10 1
.

n a m e, 2 9 ; e d e n c e o f A c o st a vi p g phy
T o o ra Se e G e o ra h
. g p y
a nd Ciez a d e Leo n, 29 ; T o p u, me a sure o f la nd , 1 61
ih
T a ua na c u a nd C a n w o r h vi k T o rres R ubia, Q u c ua d c t o na r , ih i i y
p
c o m a re d , 35 , 36 ; c a rv n , i g vi , 31 3 ; A ma ra d c t o na r , y i i y
42 p
T u ac Inc a Yu an u a t , p q i 1 9 2 , 31 5 , 31 6
19 1 T re a sure , o f t h e Inc as, 2 5 1 a nd no te,
T ici o r T ecca, a t t r ut e o f t h e ib 2 8 8 ; in t h e a lace o f H ua na p y
de t , 41iy Cc a p ac , 2 67 ; o f t h e C mu hi
p i ip
Tin : r nc a l so urc e, 1 9 1 2 10 , 2 1 1
Tit ic a c a la e : k as n o f, ix ; b i T ro p ceo l um , 80
re ongi a ro und , 2 1 , 38, 9 2 ; i h
T rux llo , C imu r u ns nea r, 2 08 ; i
T m, a c l er c a l e rr or, ro a l i p b by fo und ed by P i
z arro , 2 2 5

I ntica ca , 1 03 n m t , 2 8, 4 8 , . yh T ta hua nt z n -suyu, t h e o ff c al na me

’

ii
10 3 n ; as n. o f, b i
1 86, 18 7 ; o f t he em pi
re o f t h e Inc a s, 1 7 3

pal a c e o n Co a t sla nd , 1 9 1 ii T ta nta r a guz z w : c l a ss o f o s, 162

’

by
i
T tu . See Cur Co y llur i T t a n t a na M a re a , c a es fo r nt e r v i
i
T t u A t a uchi, so n o f H ua na y ment o n t h e , 1 12
Cc a p ac , 2 4 1 a t t a c e d S a n s k p ih T ua p ac a Se e T a ra a c a
. p
r ea r a t T o c t o a nd ma d e s o m e T uc uma n, 31 , 32 , 36, 1 7 3 ; c o n
pi
r so ne rs, 2 5 3 fr end s w t i hip i h q uest , 1 90
i
Fra nc sc o d e C a e s, 2 5 3 hv T uc uyrz co cs, o r o ersee rs, 1 62
’

v
b
T a cup a , ro c a d e n e nt e d Inc a i v by T uluma y u, t o rre nt a t Cuz c o , 5 5 ,
Ui ra -c o c a , 9 0 , 1 2 2 h 66, 7 9
y
T o o e Cc a p a c , c e f o f A a ma rc a , hi y b q
T um e z : a c uire dby T u a c Inc a p
68 , 7 1 , 7 2 , 7 3 p q i
Yu a n u , 1 84 , 18 5 , 2 0 8 ;
T o cco , w nd o ws, 4 9 i See T a m u . p p
S a nia rd s s t a rt fro m , 2 2 4
t occ o gg k i
T umi, d a e r, n fe , 29 2
T o ot a Cuc a , mo t e r o f A t a a a, h hu lp T umip a mp a , p al a c e , 1 8 2 ; od b y
24 1 y
o f H ua na Cc a p a c t a e n t o , k
T o c t o , d efea t o f S a n a rd s a t , 2 5 3 p i h
2 4 2 ; t e nc e t o Cuz c o , 2 4 3 ;
T o guaru, c o n ues t o f, 9 1 n q . H uasc a r s a r m d e fe a t ed a t , 246
’
y
T o la ( B acc ha r is Inca rum ) , 2 2 p
T u a c A maru Inc a , so n o f M a nc o ,
T o le d o Do n Fra nc sc o d e ,
, c ero i vi y 25 9 : a c c e ss o n , i
g re a t c ere
of P
e ru h is o urne o f ins pe c j y y
mo n , 2 9 0 , 2 9 2 ; inno c e nt o f
i
t o n 7 , 2 8 9 ; h is p ro h fi c le g is la
,
t h e d e a t h s o f Ort z , a nd o , i P
i
t o n 8 15 , 2 9 8 ; e xa min a t o n i a nd A fi a y a , 2 9 2 c a t ure d p by
gh b
, ,

of i
Ind a ns re s e c t n Inc a p i g Lo o la , 29 3 ; ro u t b
e fo re

h ist or , 2 89 ya rr a l a t Cuz c o iv le
T o d o , 29 4 ; sc e ne at his
h hi
,

290 ; g
o d fa t e r t o M e lc o r e xec ut o n, i
29 4 ; l a s t w o rd s,
Ca rlo s Inc a , 290 ; o rd e re d t h e 2 9 5 , 29 6 n ; w o rsh p o f h is
. i
 IN DEX 44 1

h ea d by t h p pl e eo 2 9 6, 2 9 7
e, Ui ra -c o c h a Inc a , na me t a k en by
fa t e f hi
o hi ld s c re n , 29 8 H a t un T u a c , 7 6, 7 7 ; p h is
Tu p ac Ay M ar a nc o , so n o f Inc a so ns, 7 7 ; i ig
nt r ue s fo r U
rc o

Pa c h a c ut i , q
c o n ue ro r o f t he t o suc c e ed , 8 3 ; fl igh
t fr o m
Co lla s, 189 Cuz c o , 8 4 ; s o ls o f Ch a nc a pi
p
T u a c Cus , 5 1 i victor y
se nt t o , 8 7 , 8 9 ; d e a t , h
p
T u ac P
a uc a r , so n o f ra -c oc a Ui h 90 ; i v
n en t e d to ca p u, 9 0
Inc a : o ne d hisj i o un er y g Uisca cha , A nd e a n r o d ent , 2 3, 7 9
b h
ro t e r Cus , a a n st t h e Ch a n i gi U llo ma Se e M a st o d o n
.

c a s, 8 5 Uma R a y mi, m o nt , Oc t - No v , h . .

p
Tu a c Inc a Yu a n u c o se n a sp q i h 1 1 8 , 12 7
h i by
e r Inc a Pa c h a c ut i, 9 2 ; Um a sa y us , 1 7 5
q
c o n ue st s, 9 3 ; his re gn, 9 4 ; i U rc o , b
a st ard o f Ui
ra c o c a Inc a , -
h
b i p
u lt t h e a l a c e a t H ua nuc o , 7 7 , 83 ; i ig
nt r ue s a o ut h is b
18 2 ; g h ip
e ne ra ls ,
1 8 3, 1 85 ; suc c ess o n, 8 4 i ed w t h is fl ih
vyg
o a e to t he G a la a o s pg h
fa t e r , 8 4 , 8 7 ; re ell o n a nd b i
Isla nd s, 184 , 1 8 5 ; c o n ue st q h
d ea t , 9 0 ; ma d e t o s uc c ee d
y
o f Co l la -su u, 1 89 s st e m o f y a s a re n n ig i g
Inc a C ez a by i
c o lo n s n ii g19 1 ; b i u lt , t he d e Le o n , Ferna nd e z H e rre ra ,
p i p ig
al ac e a t Co a t , 19 1 ; c a m a n a nd Sa lc a m a y h ua 90 n
hi
.
,

i y
in A nt -su u, 1 9 5 , 1 9 6 ; in t h e Urc c H ua ra nc a , c ef o f Q uil lis
d ra ma o f Olla nt a y , 14 8 , 332 ; c ac a , h a su ur b b
o f Cuz c o
gh i h
h is d a u t e r m arr e d t h e fa t er ih P
fa t ful t o ri nc e Cus , 85 8 6 i ,

o f H ua m a n P
o ma , 1 7 se n t w t ih pi
s o l s o f t h e C a nc a h
p
T up a c Ya um, o ld en sc e t re , 12 1
'

vi
ct or to y Ui
ra -c o c a Inc a , 8 7 h
T ug/ a , s n n i gi g
ird , 8 2 U rc o s, 7 6
ih gh
T uy ara , a Qu c ua st ro n o ld , 1 7 4 Urp z , a d o e , 82
’

v
U pi
r H ua c a c , w fe o f h i
a c ac a P h
ma c , 2 33
U C A Y A LI, iv
r er , 19 3 ; ra pid , 19 3 ib
Uru t r e , fo llo w ers o f t h e A ars, y
Uhle , Dr Ma x lla mz ta s se t t le d a t Urup a mp a , 5 5
'

. on as 50
i g t th
o ffer n s th pi it o e e ar s r , i
H ur n Cuz c os, 65
1 1 3 in qui y b ut t h g ld n r a o e o e U rus t r ib k ii
e , o n la e T t c ac a , s ea p k
b t pl t re as 1 19 ; a e,Ch qu o e ing Puquina , 18 7
qui 319 ; in v t ig t i n f
ra o , es a o o Usca Pa uca r, Q u c ua d ra m a , 1 5 6 ih
uin P h
r s, m 32 0
ac ac a ac , j
Usc o v ilc a , o int fo un d er o f t h e
Uil Chu u h d d
ca c f t h h igh ea - ress o e h
C a n c a n a t o n , 83 ; i ma e i g
h
,

p i t 10 5
r es , c a rr e d i efo re b
t he C a nc a
Utl p i t 10 6
cas , r e s s, a r m , 83, 8 6 y
Uil n i nt n m
ca , a c e f th un 1 16 a e o e s Usuta s sa nd als , 12 2 , 29 2 ; fo r t h e
h
, ,

Ul z ca C m g a d a f io o, re c o r er o s ac r y
o ut s at t h e H ua r a chicu,
fi 10 8
c es, 1 29
Uil fi t ca S
o a. Vil n t ee ca o a U t urunc u A c a c , in c o mma nd h hi
U llz acUm h ig h p i ta, f th r es o e of a c o lum n n ad n t he i v i g
Sun h i p i t i n l if
: s d os o e, r ess , m o nt a fi a , 19 5 , 19 6 ; t o c o m
Chi l w it h
,

10 5 ; w nt t e o e p le t e t h e c o n uest s, 1 9 7 q
Al m g 2 55
a ro ,
Uin p u n in t i t i ng p i i t 12 8
a , a ox ca s r

h n m f t h D it y 4 1
,

Ui ra -c o c a, a e o e e , , V A CAD E CA STR O, Crist o a l , 2 5 6, v

97 ; n pt i n f 4 1 2
co ce o o ,
- 25 7 , 2 64
t mpl Z e t 97 ; p y e o, t 1 00 ra ers o, , V d ill
a o, se r vi i
c e o f C e z a d e Le o n
10 2 n m f v n t 10 1 n
a es o ser a s, . und er, 2
44 2 IND EX
V a ld e z , A nt o nio , Cura o f
Dr . p
ind e end enc e in, 2 5 9 ; Say ri
i i
S c ua n : re d uc e d t h e d ra ma p
T u a c l e a e s, v mis
of Olla nta y t o w r t n , 14 5 , ii g si o n t o, i nv ia s on by
325 " S p a ni a rd s,

Va l era , B
la s, sa me as t h e a n o n y V c a s- hu m a an ruins,

J
mo us e su t : t ra ns la te d
’
i by 320 ; flgh
i t o f H uasc a r s a r m
’
y
h
t h e a ut o r xi n , a c c o unt o f,
, . t o, 248
h is w o rks , 1 3, Vi g
lla e c o mmun t es, e ws of ii vi
com pi ki g
le r o f t h e l st o f n s, 4 0 ;i Cuno w , 1 7 1 See A g llus .

h i
d e nie s uma n s ac r fi c es, 10 8 ; Vi b
lla l o o s, J
ua n R o d r uez d e ig
n a mes o f p giv by
l a ne t s en , b
ro u t t he ghrst ullo c s t o fi b k
ip
1 1 7 ; re fe rs t o Q u u re c o rd s , Cuz c o , 2 66
y hi
1 39 , 30 5 ; m t c a l so ng giv en Villa r , Se no r : his c o o f Ca r py
by iv
14 3 ; G a rc ila sso re c e e d rera s g ra mma r 2 2 0
’

h
, ,

ip
his ma nus c r t s, 2 7 8 i G a rc °
Vira c o c h a Se e .ra -c o c a Ui
q ’
i
lasso s uo t a t o ns fro m , 2 7 9 ; Vi gi
r n s o f t h e Sun, 10 6, 1 0 7 See .

bi i y
c red i l t i ki g
o f t h e l st o f n s A c lla
p vi
d e e nd e nt o n his e d enc e , Viru, c o a st a lle , 2 0 8 v y
p
303 h hip
ro o fs o f a ut ors , 304 Vieca cha See Uisca cha .

V a le ra , i Lu s d e : e xec ut o r t o Viv i J Pi
er o , F r a r ua n d e , r or o f
i hv
Fra nc sc o d e C a es, 2 5 3 n . g i bpi
A u us t ne s : yi a t sed Sa r
V i
a l e r a n, 8 0 p b y i
Tu a c , 2 90 ; e m ass t o Cus
V v
a l erd e , i ViFr a r c e nt e : h is p q i
Tit u Yu a n u , 2 9 0
i
Ca rt a R el a c o n, 8
’
V b i
o c a ul a r o H ist o ric o d e l Peru,
’

V g iy
a r a s fa m l , 2 60 , 2 61 , 2 7 7
,
by V by
a lera : c o nsult ed
V g
a r as, A lo nz o unc le o f Inc a v
Oli a , 30 3
h p
G arc ilasso , w o m h e a d o te d
hi
as his e r, 2 77 , 2 8 3
V g
a r a s,J ua n unc le o f Inc a W N IE ER re vi ew o f hi s c o nc e t o n pi
i
G a rc ilasso , 2 64 ; sla n a t H ua o f Inc a rule , by B e la und e, 1 7 1
i r na , 27 0 d e sc r i b d Chi mu ui n 20 9
e r s,
Ve la sc o , i y
‘
H st o r of Qui t o a nd Vi l hu m n 320
c a s- a a

h
,

na me s o f mo nt s, 1 1 8 n ; o n .

Inc a r o a d s, 320
Vic a quira u, so n o f Inc a R o c c a , Xa m Sec Na y mla p
.

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re s d e nc e in, viii
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Vilc a no t a , w a ll a c ro ss, 1 5 , 1 8 8 ; 42
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