RIZAL HOMECOMING

As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go

back to the Philippines for the
following reasons:

Financial difficulties
in Calamba
As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go
back to the Philippines for the
following reasons:

Dissatisfaction with
his studies in
Madrid
As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go
back to the Philippines for the
following reasons:

Desire to prove that

there is no reason
to fear going home
As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go
back to the Philippines for the
following reasons:

His belief that the

Spanish regime will
not punish the
innocent
After five years of his
memorable sojourn in
Europe, Rizal returned
to the Philippines.
However, Rizal was
warned by the
following not to return
to the Philippines
because his Noli Me
Tangere angered the
friars.
 But Rizal was determined to
come back to the Philippines...
To operate his
mother’s eyes
 To serve his people
who was long been
oppressed by Spanish
tyrants
To find out for himself
how the Noli Me
Tangere and his other
writing were affecting
the Filipinos.
To inquire by Leonor
Rivera was silent
Rizal left Rome by train to
Marseilles, a French port and
boarded Djemnah, the same steamer MANILA
that brought him to Europe five years
ago. When the ship reached Aden,
the weather became rough and some
of Rizal’s book got wet. In Saigon
(Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam – he
transferred to another steamer,
Haiphong, that brought him to
Manila.
Rizal left Rome by train to
Marseilles, a French port and
boarded Djemnah, the same steamer MANILA
that brought him to Europe five years
ago. When the ship reached Aden,
the weather became rough and some
of Rizal’s book got wet. In Saigon
(Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam – he
transferred to another steamer,
Haiphong, that brought him to
Manila.
 RIZAL ARRIVED IN CALAMBA

German spy – An agent of

A Protestant
Otto Von Bismarck
A soul halfway to
damnation Mason

RUMORS:
 RIZAL ARRIVED IN CALAMBA

German spy – An agent of

A Protestant
Otto Von Bismarck
A soul halfway to
damnation Mason

RUMORS:
 In Calamba Rizal
Established a medical clinic
Doña Teodora was Rizal’s first
patient . Rizal treated her eyes but
could not perform any surgical
operation because her cataracts
were not yet ripe.
Rizal tried to visit Leonor Rivera
in Tarlac but his parents forbade
him to go because Leonor’s
mother did not like him for a son-
in- law.
 Storm Over The Noli Me Tangere

As Rizal was peacefully living in Calamba,

his enemies plotted his doom. Governor
General Emilio Terrero wrote to Rizal
requesting to come to Malacañang Palace.
Somebody had whispered to his ear that the
Noli Me Tangere contains subversive ideas.
 Storm Over The Noli Me Tangere

Archbishop Pedro Payo – a Dominican

and the Archbishop of Manila sent a
copy of the Noli to Fr. Gregorio
Echevarria, Rector of the University of
Santo Tomas to examine the novel.
 Storm Over The Noli Me Tangere
The report of the faculty members from
UST about the Noli states that the novel
was: – Heretical, impious and
scandalous in the religious orders, and
anti-patriotic, subversive of pubic
order, injurious to the government of
Spain and its function in the Philippine
Islands in the political order.
 Storm Over The Noli Me Tangere

Governor-General Terrero was not

satisfied with the report so he sent the
novel to the Permanent Commission of
Censorship which was composed of
priests and lawyers. Fr. Salvador Font
an Augustinian friar curate of Tondo
was the head of the commission.
 Storm Over The Noli Me Tangere

The group found that the novel contain

subversive ideas against the Church and
Spain and recommended that the
importation, reproduction and
circulation of the pernicious book in the
islands be absolutely prohibited.
 Storm Over The Noli Me Tangere

Fr. Jose Rodriguez , Augustinian Prior of

Guadalupe, published a series of eight
pamphlets under the heading Questions
of Supreme Interest to blast the Noli Me
Tangere and other anti- Spanish
writing.
 Noli Me Tangere in Spain

The novel was fiercely

attacked in the session hall of
the Senate of the Spanish
Cortes.
 Noli Me Tangere in Spain

Spanish academician of Madrid who

formerly occupied high government
position in the Philippines bitterly
criticized the novel in an article
published in the Madrid newspaper,
La España Moderna.
 Defenders of Noli Me Tangere

Propagandists such as Marcelo H.

del Pilar, Graciano Lopez-Jaena,
Antonio Ma. Regidor, Mariano
Ponce rushed to uphold the truths of
the Noli.
 Defenders of Noli Me Tangere

Father Francisco de Paul

Sanchez, Rizal’s favorite teacher
in Ateneo defended and praised
the novel in public.
 Defenders of Noli Me Tangere

Don Segismundo Moret - former

Minister of the Crown. Prof. Miguel
Morayta - historian and stateman and
Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt - Rizal’s
best friend
 AGRARIAN PROBLEM IN CALAMBA
Influenced by the novel, Governor-General
Emilio Terrero ordered a government
investigation of the friar estates to remedy
whatever inequities might have been present in
connection with land taxes and with tenant
relations. One of the friar estates affected was the
Calamba hacienda by the Dominican order since
1883.
 AGRARIAN PROBLEM IN CALAMBA

The profits of the Dominican

Order continually increased
because of the arbitrary increase
of he rentals paid by the tenants.
 AGRARIAN PROBLEM IN CALAMBA

Tenants who spent much labor in

clearing the lands were
dispossessed of the said lands for
flimsy reasons.
 AGRARIAN PROBLEM IN CALAMBA

High rates of interest were

arbitrarily charged the tenants
for delayed payment of rentals
 AGRARIAN PROBLEM IN CALAMBA

When the rentals could not be

paid, the hacienda management
confiscated the work animals,
tools, and farm implements of
the tenants.
 FRIARS REACTION
Rizal’s exposure to the deplorable
condition angered the friars. The friars
exerted pressure to Malacañang to
eliminate Rizal. They asked Gov. Gen.
Terrero to deport Rizal but the latter
refused for there is lack of charges against
Rizal in court.
His presence in Calamba was
jeopardizing the safety and
happiness of his family and
friends. He could not fight better
his enemies and serve his
country’s cause with greater
efficacy by writing in foreign
countries.
He sailed to Hong Kong through
steamer “Zafiro” but had an
emergency stopover in Amoy on MANILA
February 7 because he was not
feeling well, it was raining hard and
heard that the city was dirty. On the
next day, he landed in mainland
Hong Kong and stayed at Victoria
Hotel where he was welcomed by his
Filipino friends like Jose Maria Basa,
Balbino Mauricio and Manuel
Yriarte.
 JOSE MARIA BASA
Tinaguriang “ismagler ng Himagsikang
Filipino,” at isa sa mga haligi ng kilusang
propaganda, nakatulong nangmalaki si José Ma.
Bása upang maipadala sa Filipinas ang mga
kopya ng pahayagang La Solidaridad, na
inilabas nina Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, at
iba pa, mula sa Madrid, España.
 JOSE MARIA BASA
Si Basa rin ang nakaisip ng malikhaing
paraan kung paano pali- him na
makararating at maipalalaganap sa
Filipinas ang mga kopya ng mga
nobelang Noli me Tangere at El
Filibusterismo ni Rizal.
 RIZAL IN JAPAN
On February 28, 1888, he reached
Yokohama, Japan and registered at the
Grand Hotel. From March 2-7, Rizal
stayed in Tokyo Hotel. Then, he met Juan
Perez Caballero, the secretary of Spanish
legation, he decided to live in a Spanish
legation in Tokyo with Caballero.
 RIZAL IN JAPAN
Rizal, being an intelligent man,
realized that the Spanish
diplomatic authorities were
instructed from Manila to monitor
his movements in Japan.
 RIZAL IN JAPAN
Rizal met O-Sei-San (Usui Seiko). This
lady taught him different Japanese words,
acted as the hero’s tour guide in different
shrines and villages, interpreter and
tutor. Later, became lovers but Rizal left
her to fulfill his required travel to Spain in
April 1888.
 RIZAL IN USA
Rizal first saw America on April 28,
1888. His arrival was marred by racial
prejudice for he saw the
discriminatory treatment of the
Chinese and the Negroes by the white
Americans. Rizal’s trip to America
started on April 28, 1888 to May 16,
1888.
 RIZAL IN USA
On May 16, 1888 he left New York for
Liverpool on board the City of Rome.
He was onboard in a steamer which
was “the second largest ship in the
world”—the Great Eastern. He saw
the colossal Statue of Liberty on
Bedloe Island as the ship steamed out
of New York.
 RIZAL IN LONDON
He visited London in 1888, where he
stayed for six months. During this
time, Rizal immersed himself in the
city’s intellectual and cultural life,
engaging with various people,
activities, and ideas
 RIZAL IN LONDON
Rizal’s most significant achievement
during his London stay was
the annotating of Antonio de Morga’s
book, “Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas”.
This historical work, originally published
in Mexico in 1609, provided valuable
insights into Philippine history.
 RIZAL IN LONDON
On March 25, 1889, six days after
leaving London for Paris, Rizal’s
first article in La Solidaridad was
published. It was titled “Los
Agricultores Filipinos”
(The Filipino Farmers)
 RIZAL IN BELGIUM
On January 28, 1890, Rizal
left Paris and headed to Brussels,
the capital of Belgium.
Two primary reasons prompted
his departure from Paris:
 RIZAL IN BELGIUM
•High Cost of Living: The expenses in
Paris were exorbitant due to
the Universal Exposition.
•Social Distractions: The lively social
scene in Paris hindered his literary
work, particularly the writing of his
second novel, "El Filibusterismo"
 RIZAL IN MADRID
He also learned of the deportation of
Paciano, Antonio, Silvestre, Teong and
Dandoy to Mindoro. He further learned
from Saturnina’s letter that their
parents had been forcibly ejected from
their home.
 RIZAL IN FRANCE
Rizal took a vacation in the resort city
of Biarritz on the fabulous French
Riviera. He was the guest of the
Boustead family. It was in Biarritz
where he had finished the last chapter
of his second novel, El Filibusterismo.
 RIZAL IN FRANCE
Rizal was in-love with Nellie Boustead,
a daughter of the Boustead family.
With the encouragement of his close
friends, Rizal courted Nelly, who in
turn, reciprocated his affection. Rizal
had plans of marrying Nellie, but
failed.
 RIZAL IN FRANCE

On March 30, 1891, Rizal proceeded to

Paris by train. Rizal retired from the
Propaganda Movement and retired
also from La Solidaridad.
 RIZAL IN BELGIUM

In Brussels Rizal worked day

after day revising the finished
manuscript of El Filibusterismo
and readied it for printing.
 RIZAL IN BELGIUM

On July 5, 1891, Rizal left Brussels for

Ghent a famous university city in
Belgium. He stayed at Ghent because
the cost of printing is cheaper. Rizal
had limited funds and lived in a cheap
boarding house.
 RIZAL IN BELGIUM
After his arrival, Rizal searched for the printing
shop that could give him the lowest quotation for
the publication of his novel. He found out that F.
Meyer-Van Loo Press was willing to print his
book on installment basis. He pawned all his
jewels to pay the down payment and early partial
payments. He had received money from Basa and
200 pesos from Arias for the copies of Morga’s
Sucesos which were sold in Manila.
 RIZAL IN BELGIUM

Ventura learned of Rizal’s predicament

and immediately sent him the
necessary funds. With his financial aid,
the printing of Fili was resumed. The El
Filibusterismo was dedicated to the
martyrdom of the Gom-Bur-Za.
 RIZAL IN HONGKONG
On October 18, 1891, Rizal boarded the
steamer Melbourne in Marseilles bound for
Hong Kong. During the voyage he began
writing his third novel in Tagalog.
Makamisa, Dapitan, and another untitled
novel were some of the unfinished novels of
Rizal.
 RIZAL IN HONGKONG
Not long afterwards, his mother
and sisters Lucia, Josefa and
Trinidad also arrived. This
Christmas was one of the happiest
moments in Rizal’s life for he had a
happy family reunion.
 RIZAL IN HONGKONG
Rizal also practiced his
ophthalmology in Hong Kong.
There he became a well-known
medical practitioner.
 RIZAL IN HONGKONG
On June 20, 1892, while in Hong
Kong, Jose Rizal penned two significant
letters that he sealed and inscribed
with the instruction “to be opened
after my death.” He entrusted these
letters to his friend, Dr. Lorenzo P.
Marquez
At noon of June 26, 1892,
Rizal and his sister Lucia MANILA

arrived in Manila. He
stayed in Hotel de
Oriente which was
facing the church of
Binondo.
On June 27, Rizal boarded a
train in Tutuban Station MANILA

and visited his friends.

And on Wednesday July 6,
Rizal went to Malacañang
Palace to resume his series
of interviews.
July 15, 1892, Rizal was
brought to the steamer Cebu
which was sailing for Dapitan.
On the 17th of July, Rizal was
handed over to Captain
Ricardo Carnicero, the
DAPITAN

commandant of Dapitan. His

exile in Dapitan lasted until
July 31, 1896, a period of four
years.
 RIZAL IN DAPITAN
Rizal stayed in Dapitan for a period of four
years. He was suppose to live in the Jesuit
Church but insisted on living in the house of
Captain Carnicero. The two became close
and befriended each other. Carnicero was
impressed with the fine qualities and
personalities of Rizal.
 RIZAL IN DAPITAN
On September 21, 1892, Rizal won the
Manila Lottery with a sum of 6,200
pesos. He shared his winnings to his
father and to his friend Basa, and the
rest he invested by purchasing
agricultural lands.
 RIZAL IN DAPITAN
He was also able to meet again his
teacher from Ateneo—Father Sanchez.
Father Sanchez was assigned by Father
Pastells to persuade Rizal to discard his
“errors of religion”. Rizal and Father
Sanchez had theological arguments but
all efforts of Sanchez were in vain.
 RIZAL IN DAPITAN
Rizal practiced medicine in Dapitan and
had many patients. He gave free
medicine to the poor. He was also able
to operate his mother’s right eye. Rizal
was also interested in the use of
medicinal plants which he used to some
of his poor patients.
 RIZAL IN DAPITAN
Rizal had a relationship with Josephine
Bracken. They first met when Josephine
accompanied his father to the clinic of
Rizal. Their relationship lasted for one
month until they decided to marry. The two
lived happily in Dapitan. They had a son, but
only lived for three hours.
 RIZAL IN DAPITAN
On July 31, 1896, Rizal’s exile in Dapitan
came to an end. Rizal, together, with
Josephine, Narcisa, Angelica and his
three nephews and six pupils boarded
the steamer España. Almost all the
Dapitan townies were at the shore and
bid him goodbye.
THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL
 THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL
Rizal’s Dapitan exile was supposed to end, and he
was to be transferred as a military doctor to
Cuba. However, during this time, the 1896
Philippine Revolution erupted. Due to the
outbreak of the revolution, Rizal was instead
sent to Barcelona, Spain for imprisonment.
Eventually, Rizal was returned to Manila for trial
and later faced execution in the same year.
 THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL

On November 3, the Colon reached Manila,

where it was greeted by the Spaniards and
the friars because it bought more soldiers
and supplies. Rizal then was transferred
from the ship to Fort Santiago. On
November 20, the preliminary
investigation began. He was presented with
15 documentary evidences.
 THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL

On November 26, Colonel Olive transmitted the

records to institute the corresponding action
against Rizal. Rizal was given only the right to
choose his defense counsel. He was given a list of
lieutenants in the Spanish Army and one name
struck his fancy. It was Don Luis Taviel de
Andrade, which was the brother of Lt. Jose Taviel
de Andrade who became Rizal’s bodyguard in
Calamba.
 THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL

On December 15, Rizal wrote a

manifesto to his people too stop the
bloodshed and to achieve their
liberties by means of education and
industry.
 THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL

December 26, was the day of trial of Rizal. His

trial is a proof of Spanish injustice and misrule.
His case was prejudged, he was considered guilty
before the actual trial. The court did not give him
justice, but accused and condemn him. It
accepted all charges and testimonies against him
and ignored all arguments and proofs in his
favor.
 THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL

On December 28, Polavieja

approved the decision of the court-
martial and ordered Rizal to be shot
at 7:00 o’clock in the morning of
December 30 at Bagumbayan Field.
 THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL

December 29, 1896, Rizal was visited by

some family members including his
beloved Josephine, some Jesuit priests,
a Spanish newspaper correspondent,
and some of his friends
 THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL

6:30 A.M., a trumpet sounded at Fort

Santiago. The soldiers aligned
formations and moved to their
designated place for the execution.
Rizal was dressed in black suit, a black
derby hat, black shoes, white shirt and
a black tie.
 THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL

The death ruffles of the drum filled the

air. Above the drum-beats, the sharp
command “Fire” was heard, and the
guns of the firing squad shoot Rizal. It
was exactly 7:03 in the morning. Rizal
fell on the ground and dead with his
face upward facing the morning sun.