Chapter 05

Percentages
Percent means per hundred i.e. for every hundred. Let us examine the statement 70 percent of
students have passed in physics. The statement clearly tells that for every 100 students 70 students have
passed in physics. Percent as a concept is used to represent the data uniformly for better understanding
and comparison.
Let us examine a typical survey results conducted by a research organization. Among the
population of a village of 7500 people 2500 are educated. There are 1000 Male and 1500 Female are
educated. Among the educated in the village 200 male and 600 female are employed in the Government
organizations and the other people are employed in private organization.
The above results can be well understood and analyzed if it is presented in the percentage form as
below in the table.
Table 5.1. Education and Employment
S.No Particulars Percentage
1 Educated people in the village

2 Educated male in the village

3 Educated female in the village

4 Males employed in the government among

the males of the village,
5 Females employed in the government among
the male of the village

Value
Percentage   100
Total Value

Fractions and decimals can be converted into percentages. The equivalent values of frequently used
fractions, decimals and percentages are given in the table 5.2. Learners are advised to memorize the
values by which they can quickly solve the problems.
Table 5.2
Equivalent values of fractions, decimals and percentages

1
 S.NO Fractions Decimals Percentage
1 1/10 0.1 10%
2 1/8 0.125 12.5%
3 1/6 0.1667 16.67%
4 1/5 0.2 20%
5 ¼ 0.25 25%
6 3/10 0.3 30%
7 1/3 0.3333 33.33%
8 3/8 0.375 37.50%
9 2/5 0.4 40%
10 ½ 0.5 50%
11 3/5 0.6 60%
12 5/8 0.625 62.50%
13 2/3 0.6667 6667%
14 7/10 0.7 70%
15 ¾ 0.75 75%
16 4/5 0.8 50%
17 5/6 0.8333 53.33%
18 7/8 0.875 87.50%
19 9/10 0.9 90%
20 1/1 1.0 100%

Eg.1. If 20% of samples of mangoes are rotten, in a bag of 800 mangoes. How many rotten mangoes are
in the bag?
Solution
Per hundred mangoes twenty are rotten.
For eight hundred 8 x 20 = 160 mangoes are rotten.

Eg.2. In a class of 60 students 20 students has passed in all subjects. What is the pass percentage?
Solution

2
 Pass Percentage =

Eg.3. A textbook has 60000 words in which 4 words are printed with spelling mistakes. What is
the spelling mistakes percentage in the textbook?

% of spelling mistake =

Eg.4. Find 35% of 800

Solution

Eg.5. What percentage of 40 is 200?

Solution
Let x percentage of 40 =200

Percentage Increase/ Decrease

Percentage increase or decrease is calculated as below
Increased Value  Initial Value
Percentage Increase   100
InitialValue
Initial Value  Decreased Value
Percentage Decrease   100
InitialValue

Percentage increase is known as growth rate and percentage decrease is known as decline rate.
Eg.6. A man salary is increased from Rs 18,000 to Rs 21,000. What is the percentage increase of the
salary?

Percentage Increase = %

If a value increases by X percentage then

If a value decreases by X percentage then

3
Eg.7. A earns Rs18000 per month. If the salary is increased by 25% what will be his salary?
Solution

Increment =

Final Salary = Current salary + Increment

= 18000+4500= Rs 22500
Alternative Shortcut Method

Final Salary =

Note: In the above case the value increases by 25 percent and hence the multiplying factor becomes
1.25.i.e. If X increases by 25 percentage then the final value = 1.25×X . As the case discussed if X
decreases by 10 percentage then the final value = 0.9×X.
More examples:
The total production after 10% increase in production from 10000 numbers = 1.1×10000=11000
The net consumption quantity of sugar after 5% decrease in the consumption from 20000 kg by a military
camp = 0.95×20000=19000
Successive Increases and Successive Decreases / Discounts
The final value of ‘P’ after ‘n’ number of ‘x%’ successive increases

The final value of ‘P’ after ‘n’ number of ‘x%’ successive decreases

Eg.8. The population of a village is 15000. If the population grows 8% per annum after two years what
will be the population of the village?
Solution

Population after two years =

= 17496

4
Eg.9. The value of a machine is Rs 120000. If the value of the machine depreciates at 10 % per annum
after three years what will be the value of the machine?
Solution

Value of machine after three years =

= Rs 97200

Eg.10.The sales turnover of a company is Rs 42 lakhs. The company forecasts 10 % and 15% increase in
the sales turn over in the next two years respectively. Find the projected sales turnover in the next two
years.
Solution
Projected sales turnover = 4200000×1.1×1.5= Rs 6930000

EXERCISE 05
1. 30% of 20% of 800 is
a) 48 b) 42 c) 54 d) 60

2. Find percentage equivalence of the fraction 4/5

a. 90% b. 66.67% c. 80% d. None

3. What per cent of 50 is 8?

a) 8 b) 16 c) 12.5 d) 25

4. Find the percentage of prime numbers existing form the natural numbers 41 to 60 (inclusive of both
the numbers)
a) 18% b) 16% c) 25% d) 40%

5. 1/4 of 2/7 of 5/9 of a number is 250 what is 75% of that number?

a) 3150 b) 6300 c) 4725 d) 2500

6. In a cricket match 120 runs were taken by a batsman in which 4 boundaries and 3 sixes were recorded.
What percentage of the total score was made by boundaries?

5
 a) 20% b) 25% c) 15% d) .

7. Which number is 60% less than 80?

a) 24 b) 28 c) 32 d) 36
8. If a number 90 is added to 90% of a number the result is the result is 120 percentage of the number.
Find the number
a. 200 b. 300 c. 250 d. 270

9. In a class 20% are boys and the remaining are girls. The difference between number of boys and the
girls in the class is 30. Find the number of boys in the class.
a. 50 b. 30 c. 60 d. 72

10. If 30% of a number is less than 40% of the number by 36, what is 120% of the number?
a.400 b. 384 c. 452 d. 432

11. By what % is 200 more than 50?

a. 100 b. 200 c. 300 d. None

12. In a fraction if numerator is increased by 40% and denominator is increased by 80% then what
fracture of the original is the new fraction?
a) 1/2 b) 7/9 c) 7/18 d) data inadequate
13. Raj has to get 50% marks to pass in an examination. He gets 30% marks and failed by 30 marks.
What would be the minimum pass mark in the examination?
a. 150 b. 75 c. 60 d. 120

14. In an election 4% votes casted were declared as invalid. Out of two candidates participated in the
election the winner succeeded the immediate runner by 768, which is 12%. How many votes are
declared as invalid?
a) 64 b) 128 c) 256 d) 324

15. Out of 600 samples measured, the measurement of 6 samples was wrong due to human error and the
measurement of 18 samples was wrong due to machine error. What is total error percentage?

6
 a) 4 % b) 30 % c) 10 % d) 3 %

16. In a fruit shop 10% of apples were rotten. In a day 20% of apples were sold in which four apples
were rotten. Assuming equal chances for every apple to be sold, find the total number of apples in the
shop
a) 164 b) 200 c) 256 d) 324

17. In a company 16% of the employees get more than Rs 24000 as monthly salary.24% of the employees
get monthly salary in the range of Rs 10000 to Rs 24000. Remaining 480 employees get monthly salary
below Rs 10000. How many employees do get monthly salary above Rs 24000?
a.128 b. 140 c. 125 d. 160

18. Thirty liters of a solution contains 30% salt, If 3 liters of water is evaporated, what percentage salt
will be there in the solution?
a. 20% b. 33.33% c. 25% d. None

19. A curtain of length 2.5 m of is bought by a trader. If he accepts 2.5± 2% m

length of curtains, what will be the least length of curtains that can be accepted by
him?
a) 2.45 m b) 2.4 m c) 2.55 m d) 2.46 m

20. A invested 25% more than B in a Business. What percentage of A’s investment is B’s investment ?
a. 80% b. 120% c. 125% d. None

21. A bought a computer at 20% lesser price than B’s computer by what percentage B’s computer price
is more than A’s computer price?
a) 25% b) 20% c) 30% d) 35%

22. If the price of a DVD player is increased by 25%, then by what percentage the new price to be
reduced to grip down the cost to its original level?
a) 15% b) 20% c) 25% d) 30%

7
23. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 8. If the unit digit no is decreased by 50% and the tenth
digit no is increased by 100 %, then sum of the new number will be 7. What is the difference between the
numbers?
a) 17 b) 18 c) 26 d) 43

24. Out of 120 boys and 80 girls interviewed, 40 boys and 50 girls are selected for employing them in
different positions in an organization. Which one of the given statements is/are right?.
out of three boys one boy is selected
60% of the girls are selected
45% of the candidates are selected
50% of the candidates are negated
a) I &II b) I & III c) I, II and III d) all the above

25. A vendor mixed 2 liters of water with 5 liters milk and sold it to a restaurant. The cook in the
restaurant added one more liter of water with the milk and boiled it. While boiling 20% of the water
evaporated. Then the quantity of water in the milk would be
a) 2.4 lts b) 1.6 lts c) 2.7 lts d) data inadequate

26. Ramu spends 30% of his income for house hold expenses, 25% to his personal loan 15% to medical
expenses 5% to education and 10% to savings. With the remaining 1500 rupees he faces unexpected
expenses. What is his income?
a) Rs 12000 b) Rs 15000 c) Rs 8000 d) Rs. 10000

27. Mr. James spent 30 % of his income to saving, 30% of his income to house hold expenses and 20% to
medical expenses and 10% to entertainment. Mr. Jones spent 20% of his income to savings, 40% to
house hold expense and 20% to pay lones and 20% to medical expenses . If James and Jones incomes per
month, are respectively 48000 and 36000 find their savings ratio.
a) 3 : 2 b) 2 : 1 c) 3 : 1 d) 4 : 3

28. The total population of a village is 5000. The number of males and females increases by 10% and
15% respectively and consequently the population of the village becomes 5000. Find the men population
in the village

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a) 2000 b) 2500 c) 3000 d) 4000

29. In an examination 30 % of the students passed in mathematics, 45% of the students passed in English
and 20% of the students passed in both the subjects. If 720 candidates were appeared for the
examinations how many candidates were failed in both the subjects?
a) 396 b) 324 c) 504 d) 540

30. The total population of a village is 5000. If population of men increases by 10% and the population
of women increases 15% the population will become 5600, and then find the population of men in the
village
a) 2000 b) 2500 c) 3000 d) 4000

31. The ratio between two numbers x and y is . By what percentage is x more than y?

a. 20% b. 33.33% c. 25% d. None

32. Ramu spent 20% of his Income Rs 24000 and Kumaran spent 30% of his income Rs 27000 towards
education of their children. Kumaran expenditure towards education is what percentage of Ramu’s
expenditure towards education?
a.168.75% b. 120.4% c. 125% d. 68.75%

33. A, B and C’s earning ratio is 5: 2: 3. A earns Rs 42000 per month. B’s saving is twice as that of C.
C saves 20% of his earnings. What is B’s percentage of saving to his earnings?
a) 60% b) 64% c) 32% d) 80%

34. In a competitive examination there were 75 questions divided into Arithmetic’s, reasoning and
general awareness as 30, 30 and 15 respectively. A answered correctly 20% of arithmetical questions
40% of reasoning questions and 40% of general awareness question each correct answer carries one mark
(no minus mark) and 28 was the pass mark. How many more mark A would have got to pass?.
a) 4 b) 6 c) 8 d) none

9
35. The value of a machine depreciates at the ratio of 10% per annum. It was purchased three years ago.
Its present value is Rs. 291600. Find the purchase price of the machine
a) Rs 487000 b) Rs 484000 c) Rs 440000 d) Rs 480000

36. If one’s salary is increased by 20% and then decreased by 20% what is the net result?
a) No change in the salary b) Salary increased by 4%
c) Salary decreased by 4% c) None

37. The price of tea increases by 20%. By what percentage the consumption should be reduced so that the
expenditure remains same?
a. 20% b. 33.33% c. 25% d. 16.67%

38. In a magic show due to reduction in price of ticket by 20% the audience for the show increased by
30 %. Find the net effect on the income (Assume unlimited number of seats)
a. 4% rise b. 7% fall c. 7% rise d. 4% fall

39. The breadth of a triangle is increased by 25%. Then by what percentage the height should be reduced

to have the same area?

a) 20% b) 25% c) 15% d) None

40. A man’s salary was increased by 25% percentage based on performance. Later it was reduced by
15% from the latest salary as it was found that the performance appraisal was wrong. What was the net
result of his salary?
a) 10% hike b) 6.25% hike
c) 20% hike d) data inadequate

41. If the radius of a right circular cylinder is increased by 20% and the height is
increased by 25% then by what percentage the volume of the cylinder will be
increased?
a) 80% b) 75% c) 50% d) 60%

10
42. In a rectangle due do the increase in the length and breadth the area was increased by 50%. If the
length had increased by 25 % by what percentage the breadth would have been increased?
a) 20% b) 25% c) 15% d) 45%

43. The one of the diagonals of a rhombus is increased by 40%. By what percentage the other diagonal
should be reduced so that the area of the rhombus remain same?
a) 33.33% b) 16.67% c) 13.33% d) 26.67%

44. A TV price was discounted 10% from its retail price and sold to Kumar for Rs. 16,200. Kumar
borrowed 70% of the discounted TV price from bank at 14% interest per annum and paid the amount in
two years with simple interest. What would be the interest amount that he paid to the bank?
a) Rs 3200 b) Rs 3315.20 c) Rs 2840 d) Rs 3175.20
45. The cost of rent and maintenance cost per month of a production unit is 4200. If the rent is increased
by 25% and the maintenance cost is same then the cost is 4920. What is cost of maintenance per month?.
a) Rs 720 b) Rs 640 c) Rs 600 d) None

46. A sample of 50 litres of petrol is found to be adulterated to the extent of 20 %.How much pure petrol
should be added with the sample so that the percentage of impurity to 10 percentage?
a) 150 lttres b) 120 liters c) 100 ltres d) 50 litres

47. If the price of petrol is increased by 20% and at the same time Mr.Ramesh wants to buy 10% more
petrol than his regular consumption then how much more percentage of expenditure he has to incur?
a) 32% b) 20% c) 30% d) 26.67%

48. Applied to a bill of Rs. 12000, a retailer offered three successive discounts of 10%, 15% and 30% to a
customer. Find the discounted amount
a) Rs 7200 b) Rs 5574 c) Rs 6000 d) None

49. In which of successive discounts, a seller will get a maximum profit?

a) 10%, 20% b) 25%, 5% c) 20%, 12% d) 12%, 18%

11
50. A reduction in price of sugar by 20% enables a person to buy 5 kg more for Rs. 350 /-. Find the
reduced price per kg of sugar.
a. Rs 15/- b. Rs 14/- c. Rs 12/- d. None

KEY ANSWERS
1-A 2-C 3-B 4-C 5-B 6-D
7-C 8-B 9-A 10-D 11-B 12-B
13-B 14-C 15-A 16-B 17-A 18-B
19-A 20 -A 21-A 22-B 23-A 24-B
25- A 26-D 27-B 28-C 29-B 30-C
31-B 32-A 33-A 34-A 35-D 36-C
37-D 38-A 39-A 40-B 41-A 42-A
43-B 44-D 45-D 46-D 47-A 48-B
49-D 50-B

EXPLANATIONS
1. Option A
Solution

2. Option C
Solution

3. Option B
Solution

Required %

12
4. Option C
Solution
The prime numbers between 40 and 60 are 41, 43, 47, 53 and 59.
There are five prime numbers
The total numbers between 41 and 60 =20

Hence the required percentage =

5. Option B
Solution
Let the number be X

∴ X=

75% of X = [ ]

= 6300
6. Option D
Solution

Required Percentage =

7. Option C
Solution

The number =

8. Option B
Solution
Let the number be x
90%of x+90=120%of x
(120-90) % of x=90 30%of x=90

13
9. Option A
Solution
Let the number of students in the class = x
20% are boys and hence (100-20) i.e. 80% are girls
The difference between number of boys and girls = (80-20)% = 60%
60% of x =30

The number of students in the class= 50

10. Option D
Solution
40% - 30% of the number =36
10% of the number =36

the number =

120% of the number =

11. Option B
Solution
200 is more than 50 by 150

Required % =

Increase % =300-100=200%

12. Option B
Solution
Let the fraction be X/Y
40% increment of X= 1.4X
80% of increment in Y = 1.8 Y

As per the statement

14
13. Option B
Solution
Let the minimum marks to get pass= x
The difference in percentage to get pass = 50-30= 20%
Raj has to get 30 marks to get pass which is equal to 20% marks.
i.e 20% = 30 marks

Minimum mark to get pass 50% =

14. Option C
Solution
12 % of the votes = 768
1% of the votes = 768/12= 64
No of votes declared as invalid = 64×4= 256

15. Option A
Solution
The total number of errors = 18+6= 24

% Error =

16. Option B
Solution
Let the total number of apples = X
Among the 20% sold apples 10% apples were rotten
i.e 20% of 10% of X = 4

17. Option A
Solution
Consider the employees in the factory =100%
100% - (16+24) % of the employees = 480

15
 60% of the employees = 480

Number of employees in the factory =

Number of employees getting above Rs24000 monthly salary = 16% of 800

18. Option B

Solution

30% of salt = liters

After evaporation the net quantity of the solution = 30-3 =27 liters

The percentage of salt =

19. Option A
Solution

. 2% of 2.5 metre =

Least Length = 2.5-0.05 =2.45m

20. Option A
Solution
Let B invested Rs 100
A’s investment= 125

Required percentage = 80%

21. Option A
Solution
Let the price of B’s computer 100
∴ A’s computer price which is 20 % less = 80
X % of 80 =100

16
 X=
% hike = 125 -100 = 25 %

22. Option B
Solution
Let assume the price of the DVD player = 100
The price of the DVD player after 25% increment =125
X % of 125= 100
X = 80
The price of the DVD should be reduced to = 20 %
23. Option A
Solution
Let the unit digit be X
The tenth digit be = Y
Y+X=8 ----- Eqn 1

2Y + =7 4Y + X =14
From Eqn 1 & Eqn 2
3Y = 6 Y =2
On substitution in Eqn 1
X = 8- 2 = 6
The difference between the numbers = 43 -26 =17

24. Option B
Solution
Probability of boys selection = Total boys selected/ Total number of boys

Out of 3 boys 1 boy is selected. ∴ Statement I is correct

% of girls selected =

∴ Statement II is not correct

17
 % of students selected = (Total number of students selected/ total number of students) ×100

∴ Statement III is correct

Since statement I & II is right option B is the right answer.
25. Option A
Solution
Total quantity of water in the milk = 2+1 = 3 litres
The quantity of water after evaporation = 80 % of 3 liters

= liters

26. Option D
Solution
The percentage of income left for meeting out the un expected expenses
= 100 - ( 30+25+15+5+10 ) = 15 %
Remaining 15 % =1500

∴100% = = Rs 10000

27. Option B
Solution

. James savings =

Jones earnings =

James to Jones savings ratio = 14400 : 7200

=2:1
28. Option C
Solution
Let the no.of males be x.
 5000  x 
Then, no. of female

10% of x + 15% of
5000  x   5600  5000 
10 15
x 5000  x   600
100 100

18
 10x  75000  15x  60000
5x  15000 x  3000

29.Option B
Solution

No of students passed in Mathematics =

No of students passed in English =

Students passed in both the subjects =

Total number of students passed atleast in one subject = 216+324-144

= 396
∴Number of students failed in both the subjects = 720-396 = 324
30. Option C
Solution
Let the number of men = x.
 5000  x 
Then, number of women

10% of x + 15% of
5000  x   5600  5000 
10 15
x 5000  x   600
100 100
10x  75000  15x  60000
5x  15000 x  3000

31. Option B
Solution

Let x=4k and y= 3k

X is more than y by 1k

Hence the required percentage =

32. Option A

19
 Solution
Ramu’s education expenditure = 0.2×24000= Rs 4800
Kumaran’s education expenditure = 0.3×27000= 8100

Kumarans expenditure on education =

33. Option A
Solution
. Let the earnings of A, B and C be 5X, 2X and 3X respectively
5X=42000 ∴ X= 8400

C’s Savings = = 5040

B’s Savings = 5040 2= 10080

B’s earnings = 2 8400 = 16800

% savings of B=

34. Option A
Solution

Marks obtained in arithmetic = 6

Marks obtained in reasoning =

Marks obtained in General awareness

Total marks obtained by A = 6+12+6=24

Marks required to get pass = 26-24 = 4

35. Option D
Solution
Present value of the machine = 291600
Before three years the value of the machine at 10 % depreciation rate

Purchase price =

20
 =

Purchase price of the machine = Rs 4,00,000

36. Option C
Solution
Let the salary =100
Net salary = 1.2×0.8×100= 96
Out of hundred (100-96) i.e. 4 is decreased.
i.e 4% decreased

37. Option D
Solution
Let price of tea be P and consumption quantity be Q and Expenditure be E
Expenditure = Price of commodity Consumption Quantity
i.e.
Price of tea after price increased by 20% = 1.2 P
Since expenditure remains same after increased price
( = Consumption quantity after price is increased)

= 0.8333Q

Current consumption quantity = 83.33 % of initial consumption

Decreased consumption quantity =(100-83.33)%=16.67%

38. Option A
Solution
Let price per ticket = p number of audience = n and the income = I
Income = Price per ticket×Number pf audience

I=pn

21
 Income after the changes = 0.8 p × 1.3 n = 1.04 pn
Increase in income = 1.04 pn - pn = 0.04 pn
Percentage increase in the income = 0.04×100= 4%

39. Option A
Solution
Let the area of the triangle be A

A= -------- Eqn 1

New height after reduction in the height = X

A -----Eqn 2

Eqn 2 / Eqn 1

1.25 X =1 ∴ X =0.80
% Decrease in height = (1-0.80) × 100 = 20%

40. Option B
Solution
Let assume the salary =100
After 25 % increment the salary = 125

Salary after 15% of reduction = = 106.25

∴ The percentage hike in salary = 6.25 %

41. Option A
Solution
Let the radius, height and volume of the cylinder be r, h and v respectively.
The volume of the cylinder initially v = πr2h
Current radius ( 20% increased) = 1.2r
Current height(25% increased) = 1.25h
Volume of cylinder after increase in radius and height=π×1.2r×1.2r×1.25h

22
 = 1.8 πr2h=1.8v
Increased volume = 1.8v-v= 0.8v
Percentage increase in volume of the cylinder = 0.8×100= 80%

42. Option A
Solution
Let the length be L and breadth be B area be A and X be the breadth percentage after increase
Initial area A = LB
The area after 50% increase = 1.5 A
The length of the rectangle after 25% increase = 1.25 L

=1.2×100= 120%
Increase in breadth = 20 %

43. Option B
Solution
Let d1 and d2 are the diagonals of the rhombus and the area = ½ d1 × d2
Let d1 is increased by 40% and d2 is decreased by x%
1/2 ×1.4 d1×(1-x) d2= 1/2×d1 × d2

1-

x=

x% =

44. Option D
Solution

The cost price of the TV =

23
 Bank Loan =

Interest =

45. Option D
Solution
Let the cost of rent and maintenance cost be X and Y respectively
X+Y = 4200
1.25X + Y = 4920 ( 1.25 = 5/4)
0.25 X = 4920-4200= 720
∴ X = 720/0.25= 720×4 = 2880
Maintenance cost = 4200-X= 4200- 2880= Rs 1320

46. Option D
Solution
The % of impurity presence in the petrol = 20% of 50 = 10 litres
Availability of petrol initially = 40 liters
The presence of impurity should be brought out to 10%
i.e. 10% = 10 litres ∴ 100% = 100 litres
The quantity of petrol in the 100 litres with impurity = 100-10 = 90 litres
The quantity of petrol to be added further to bring in the presence of impurity to 10 %
= 90 -40 =50 litres

47. Option A
Solution
Let price of petrol be P and consumption quantity be Q
and the Expenditure be E
Expenditure = Price of commodity Consumption Quantity
Initial Expenditure = PQ
Expenditure after increment in consumption and price = 1.2P× 1.1Q
=1.32 PQ=1.32 E

24
 Additional expenditure = 1.32E-E= 0.32 E
% of additional expenditure= 0.32 100= 32%

48. Option B
Solution
The price paid by the customer after three successive discounts
= 12000 (1- 0.1) (1- 0.15) (1- 0.3)= 12000 0.9 0.85 0.7=Rs 6426
the discounted amount = 2000 – 6426 = Rs 5574

49.Option D
Solution
Let the price be x
Selling price for option a = 0.9×0.8×x= 0.72x
Selling price for option b = 0.75×0.95×x= 0.7125x
Selling price for option c = 0.8×0.88×x= 0.704x
Selling price for option a = 0.88×0.82×x= 0.7216x
For option d the selling price is maximum hence the seller will get a maximum profit form, option
d.
50. Option B
Solution
Total amount = Rs. 350.
Reduction in price = 20% of 350 = Rs 70/-
With Rs 70/- a person could buy 5 kg sugar
5 Kg of Sugar = Rs 70/-

Price of sugar per kg =

Alternate Method

Let the initial price of sugar per kg = x

Initial consumption =

Consumption of sugar after price reduction

25
=

Consumption after price reduction – initial consumption = 5 Kg

Consumption after price reduction – initial consumption =

Price of sugar per kg after reduction = 0.8x= 0.8×17.5 = Rs 14/-

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