11/26/2018 Matlab for Laplace Transform Inversion / Partial Fraction Expansion

Matlab for Laplace Transform Inversion / Partial Fraction Expansion

Contents
Background: Matlab and polynomials
First Example ­ Simplest case ­ distinct real roots
Second Example ­ Repeated roots at origin
Third Example ­ Complex Conjugate roots
Fourth Example ­ Order of numerator=order of denominator
The code that generated this page is available at: http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/LaplaceXform/InvLaplace/PFE1Matlab/PFE1.m

Background: Matlab and polynomials

Define the polynomial

F=[1 3 2]

F = 1 3 2

Display it

poly2str(F,'s')

ans = s^2 + 3 s + 2

Evaluate it as s=1

polyval(F,1)

ans = 6

Find roots, Note that since roots are at ­1 and ­2 the polynomial is (s+1)(s+2)

roots(F)

ans =
‐2
‐1

Define a second polynomial by its roots The polynomial is

G=poly([‐1+2j ‐1‐2j ‐1 0 0]);

poly2str(G,'s')

ans = s^5 + 3 s^4 + 7 s^3 + 5 s^2

Multiply polynomials H=FG (use convolution command)

H=conv(F,G)

H = 1 6 18 32 29 10 0 0

First Example ­ Simplest case ­ distinct real roots

To see this example worked out manually go to:
http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/LaplaceXform/InvLaplace/InvLaplaceXformPFE.html#Distinct_Real_Roots_

disp('Example 1: PFE with distinct real roots');

Example 1: PFE with distinct real roots

This case considers only distinct real roots.

Define numerator and denominator polynomial.

n=[1 1]; %n=s+1

d=conv([1 0],[1 2]); %Use "conv" to multiply polynomial
disp(['Numerator = ' poly2str(n,'s')]);
disp(['Denominator = ' poly2str(d,'s')]);

Numerator = s + 1
Denominator = s^2 + 2 s

Now use "residue" command to do inverse transform. r = magnitude of expansion term p = location of pole of each term k = constnat term (k=0
except when numerator and denominator are same order (m=n)).

http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/LaplaceXform/InvLaplace/PFE1Matlab/html/PFE1.html 1/4
11/26/2018 Matlab for Laplace Transform Inversion / Partial Fraction Expansion

[r,p,k]=residue(n,d)

r =
0.5000
0.5000
p =
‐2
0
k = []

Note that the function is implicitly defined only for t>=0. Some texts show the time domain function multiplied by the unit step. We will keep our
expressions simpler by making that relationship implicit.

Second Example ­ Repeated roots at origin

To see this example worked out manually go to:
http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/LaplaceXform/InvLaplace/InvLaplaceXformPFE.html#Repeated_Real_Roots_

disp('Example 2: PFE with repeated real roots (at origin in this case)');

Example 2: PFE with repeated real roots (at origin in this case)

Define numerator and denominator polynomial.

n=[1 0 1]; %n=s^2+1

d=[1 2 0 0]; %d=s^2(s+2)=s^3+2s^2
disp(['Numerator = ' poly2str(n,'s')]);
disp(['Denominator = ' poly2str(d,'s')]);

[r,p,k]=residue(n,d)

Numerator = s^2 + 1
Denominator = s^3 + 2 s^2

r =
1.2500
‐0.2500
0.5000
p =
‐2
0
0
k = []

Note, first order term (1/s) comes before the 2nd order term (1/s^2) in the Matlab results.

Third Example ­ Complex Conjugate roots

To see this example worked out manually go to: http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/LaplaceXform/InvLaplace/InvLaplaceXformPFE.html#ExampleRepeat

disp('Example 3: PFE with complex conjugate roots.');

Example 3: PFE with complex conjugate roots.

Define numerator and denominator polynomial.

n=[5 8 ‐5]; %n=s^2+1

d=[1 2 5 0 0]; %d=s^2(s^2+2s+5)=s^4+2s^3+5s^2
disp(['Numerator = ' poly2str(n,'s')]);
disp(['Denominator = ' poly2str(d,'s')]);

[r,p,k]=residue(n,d)

Numerator = 5 s^2 + 8 s ‐ 5

http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/LaplaceXform/InvLaplace/PFE1Matlab/html/PFE1.html 2/4
11/26/2018 Matlab for Laplace Transform Inversion / Partial Fraction Expansion
Denominator = s^4 + 2 s^3 + 5 s^2

r =
‐1.0000 ‐ 1.0000i
‐1.0000 + 1.0000i
2.0000 + 0.0000i
‐1.0000 + 0.0000i
p =
‐1.0000 + 2.0000i
‐1.0000 ‐ 2.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i
0.0000 + 0.0000i
k = []

Note, first two roots are complex conjugate roots.

Get magnitude and phase from magnitude and phase of pfe Refer to manual solution on web page listed above.

M=2*abs(r(1)) %Magnitude of cosine

phi=angle(r(1)) %Phase of cosine in radians

M = 2.8284
phi = ‐2.3562

Get frequency and decay rate from location of pole

omega=abs(imag(p(1))) % omega has to be positive

alpha=‐real(p(1))

omega = 2
alpha = 1

Plot the response

t=linspace(‐1,4,1000);
f=(M*exp(‐alpha*t).*cos(omega*t+phi) + r(3) + r(4)*t) .* heaviside(t);
plot(t,f,'Linewidth',2);
xlabel('Time'); ylabel('f(t)'); grid;

Fourth Example ­ Order of numerator=order of denominator

To see this example worked out manually go to:
http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/LaplaceXform/InvLaplace/InvLaplaceXformPFE.html#Order_of_numerator_polynomial_equals_order_of_denominator_

disp('Example 4: PFE: order of num=order of den');

Example 4: PFE: order of num=order of den

If the numerator and denominator have the same order, we get a constant as part of the partial fraction expansion.

http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/LaplaceXform/InvLaplace/PFE1Matlab/html/PFE1.html 3/4
11/26/2018 Matlab for Laplace Transform Inversion / Partial Fraction Expansion

Define numerator and denominator polynomial.

n=[3 2 3]; %n=3s^2+2s + 3

d=[1 3 2]; %d=s^2+3s+2=(s+1)(s+2)
disp(['Numerator = ' poly2str(n,'s')]);
disp(['Denominator = ' poly2str(d,'s')]);

[r,p,k]=residue(n,d)

Numerator = 3 s^2 + 2 s + 3
Denominator = s^2 + 3 s + 2

r =
‐11
4
p =
‐2
‐1
k = 3

Note this time that k is not empty, k=3.

Published with MATLAB® R2014b

http://lpsa.swarthmore.edu/LaplaceXform/InvLaplace/PFE1Matlab/html/PFE1.html 4/4