A transistor is a fundamental component of modern electronics.

It is a
semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical
power. Essentially, transistors control the flow of electrical current by acting
as a switch or an amplifier.

There are two main types of transistors: bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and
field-effect transistors (FETs).

Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs): BJTs are made of three semiconductor

layers: the emitter, the base, and the collector. They operate by controlling
the flow of current between the collector and emitter terminals, depending on
the current applied to the base terminal. BJTs can amplify signals and are
commonly used in analog circuits.
Field-Effect Transistors (FETs): FETs are made of three terminals: the source,
the gate, and the drain. They work by controlling the flow of current between
the source and drain terminals through the voltage applied to the gate terminal.
FETs are commonly used in digital circuits and integrated circuits (ICs).
Transistors revolutionized the field of electronics because they are smaller,
more reliable, and more energy-efficient than earlier vacuum tube technology.
They are the building blocks of modern electronic devices such as computers,
smartphones, televisions, and many more.