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in present asia africa and latin american country as well this is the point of this
question actually

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as you know the growth policy is becomes very popular and applied in many countries
not only

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in palestina but also many countries in the case of asia ireland korea and
singapore

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or not singapore malaysia and vietnam as well but we should doubt or we should
think about

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we think about this assumption of president this can be applied for all the
countries

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then again talking back to the national development we also have bottom-up
approaches

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for the national development for original video one of the famous case is one
village one product

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movement that was firstly introduced in 1979 at the time of the third national
comprehensive

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development introduced by the governor mr hiramatsu is under this project he
expects

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one product that is produced by the local group then this approach became very
popular all over

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rome for example as far as i know in indonesia as well in some regions he tried to
tries to

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introduce the one village and one one product movement for example government
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in jokester special vision also tried to introduce one village one product about 20
years ago

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not only jokester but also in many parts and many parts of the countries this

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this program approach has been implemented then what is the time issue for

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this national development in japan i'm sorry all is speaking in japanese so please
ask uh for translation because because

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the national development plan has a combination of top-down approach such as

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the big corridor, the creation of the big corridor, like this, or the big corridor
from Tokyo to Osaka,

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you would know, but we also have new U.S. train, new Shinkansen, linear motor car
from Tokyo, between Tokyo and Osaka.

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When we use direct train, when we use Shinkansen from Tokyo to Osaka, it takes
about 3.5 hours.

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Yet, when the new direct train starts to operate, the expected time is just one
hour.

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So it will change the structure of the national law. Just imagine, how many
minutes? How many minutes?

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Do you spend to come to this campus? If you spend one hour caught in a traffic jam?

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After the new direct train is completed in Japan, we can go from Tokyo to Osaka.

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That has about 500 kilometers. So 500 kilometers, yes. Here to Jakarta.
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Jakarta Surabaya. How far is it? 500 km to Surabaya. To Jakarta? 500?

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Anyhow, that 500 km is connected by one hour. Just one hour. It's almost a long
time to advance in the plane.

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Minami Shunji, Minami Shunji, those kind of doctor, those kind of approaches, they
need to have more focus on the bottom-last approach.

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I mean, the kind of living environment or a kind of kind of

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the low-town area should be more included. This is one-time approach. Because of
the population, some of the cities like the

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like the areas that we saw at the first picture are getting its liability. So that
those

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regional cities, regional areas should be more lively. Revitalized in a lively way.
This is also the idea by the botanists. Anyhow, in this way,

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the present National Development Fund has a lot of top-down approaches, bottom-up
approaches. Then, next thing I'd like to talk about

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the experience of regional development plans. But we especially talk about Tokyo
region. Actually, you may know,

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this is a picture of the central area of Tokyo. About, about 200 years ago.

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200 years ago. You can see the lower, lower, the two-story wooden-structured
buildings. And, buildings.

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And, you can see boundaries. Right. Even from the central area of Tokyo. Then, let
me skip to this point. Thinking about,

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then after, the, after the modernization, the modernization process, that was
started in the late 19th century,

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the city of Tokyo has been de-developed, or sometimes improved, for the
modernization. For example, by introducing trains. The first train was,

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started its operation in the late 19th century. And then after that, the, not only
the inter, inter-city train, but also,

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the inter-city train, particularly in the suburban area, the train network was
developed. That makes, the city expanded to the suburbs. Then,

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the regional development, or regional planning updates, were, were required. At, at
least, at the beginning of 20th century.

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Then, unfortunately, the city of Tokyo was much damaged by two events. The first,

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big event was the Great Kanto Earthquake that we had in 1923. At that time, for
example, this is a, a snapshot,

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from the newspaper. This is a situation just after the first quake, in Ginza
district. If you are familiar to the city of Tokyo,

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you may know Ginza. That is the central commercial district. This is, talking about
the damage of the earthquake. Unfortunately,

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the earthquake itself occurred, just before noon, when many households prepared
lunch, by using fire.

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And then, unfortunately, on that day, it was very hot, from west to east. So, once
the fire occurred, in some way,

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it was easily transformed, to spread, it easily spread, to another house. Just
imagine,

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even at this moment, most of the house, or buildings of Japan, was made from wood.
So, naturally, it spread out.

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Then, at that time, surprisingly, approximately, 43% of the central area of Tokyo,
was burnt down, as this map shows.

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The red part of this map, means the burnt down area, of the fire, by the fire.
Then, yeah,

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the reconstruction was completed. Then, at that time, who were burned, in the
central area, was moved,

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to the suburbs. At that time, the urbanized area of Tokyo, has expanded out. For
example, this map shows,

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the urbanized area of Tokyo. The blue area, this area. This area, is the Tokyo, of,

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of, of, to Tokyo before modernization process.

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So it was just several kilometers from south to east and north to east. It's a kind
of walk-up area.

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Then this area, this peak area, is the urbanized area before that big earthquake.

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Then this orange area is the urbanized area after the big earthquake.

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So clearly, we can see that the urbanized area was expanded a lot during this time.

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Actually, this graph shows the population of the city center. OK. The city center
of Tokyo.

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And this is the year of the Great Kantō Earthquake happened. Then this is the
population trend of the suburban municipalities.

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So it increased around the time of the Great Kantō Earthquake. At that time, the
challenge for the Tokyo region

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is how to control the suburban area. Now, actually, this is a factor. It's a
challenge for the Japanese cities. But also, European countries and North American
cities

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are suffering from the rapid urbanization as well. So at the time of IFHP
conference,

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the International Federation of Housing and Planning, initiated by the .. At that
time, it was a big event. It was a big event.

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At that time, the how to control the metropolitan region was discussed. Then the
idea was green beds.

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Japan also tried to introduce a green bed at the time of, just after the World War
II.

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The first National Capital Region Plan tried to designate the green beds.

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, but actually it was not really implemented. Partly because of the strong
opposition from the landowners.

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Others are because of the .. Other reasons are because of the or something,
something.

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Also, the green bed was successfully implemented in the city of . The city of from
Japan as well.

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Tokyo, unfortunately, they cannot, could not implement that. Then after that, the
city

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has expanded, expanded, and expanded the law. And at the same time, since 1960s,
redevelopment
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of the central area of Tokyo has become an issue for the urban planning. For
example,

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this is one of the famous case of the redevelopment, named Minato Mirai. Because of
the rapid growth

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of economic growth of Asian cities, Asian countries, the industries went out of
Japan to surrounding

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Asian countries, of course, including the Indians. So that the vacant land was
generated.

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So here the point is, how to utilize that vacant land. Then in the case of this
Minato

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Mirai area, the new international standard office area was developed. For example,
car

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production company Nissan has its headquarter in this Minato Mirai area, for
example. Then

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as I introduced, Prime Minister Koizumi, he presented a new policy named, for
example,

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the urban renaissance policy in the early 2000s. Then the public, no, private
redevelopment

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project was encouraged in those designated area all over the world. For example,
Sapporo,

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Sendai, Osaka, Nagoya, of course, including Tokyo. Then the public policy was
changed.

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So in the central area of Tokyo, there are special areas for the development was
designated.
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And then these redevelopment projects are being implemented. It goes like this.
Then

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for example, look at this diagram. This diagram, or this illustration shows the
skyscrapers

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in the central area of Tokyo by the period of completion. Then when we look at,
just

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look at the buildings in red, clearly we can see that those buildings are in red,
were

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completed from, completed after 2002. I mean, after Prime Minister Koizumi started
urban renaissance policy.

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I mean, the re-regulation policy. And so clearly we can say that increasing number

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of the skyscrapers has been built since those urban regeneration built. Then,
however, we

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are now, there is now increasing concern about the gentrification. Actually, this
is one of the re-development areas. I mean, the re-regulation policy.

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This is the area named Osaki. And actually, this is an under-graduated distance of
my student.

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And when we examine the re-development process of that area, graduating since the
1980s

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till present, the area has changed out. Then actually, actually the land price also
has

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of the development projects are being implemented.
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And also, so-called gentrifier, that is a kind of high-class people, are increasing
in this area as well.

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So it means that those people who used to live in the area could be driven out
because of this kind of series of the development project.

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This kind of gentrification is now increasing concern, particularly in the central
area of Tokyo.

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At the same time, in the southern area, the control of the spruing is also active.

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This is one of the suburban areas of Tokyo. But actually, the situation is very
similar with the city of Sōken, Indonesia.

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The photo on the top was the suburban area of Sōro.

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I took this photo from Gramex, from Jyōkusha to Sōro, actually. In the suburban
area, in the Sōro area,

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you can find this kind of issues in Japan, too. Then, so here the point is,

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here the point is, why the heavy fields are located in this area. That's because
the water is easily used in those areas.

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So it means that those areas, let me, those areas are rich in water.

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So it means that once a heavy rain comes, this area is easily flooded.

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So those housing projects are strictly prohibited. But unfortunately, if we look at
the number of the development commission,

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unfortunately, in those areas, development permission has been, I will skip the
details.
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Of course, the central government is now trying to prohibit the residential
development of those areas.

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Sorry, I have too much slides. And also, we have to think about the age of Sōsen.

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I told that the population of Tokyo, the metropolitan area of Tokyo, is still
increasing.

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But this is the situation for this decade only. When we think about the population
of 2050, even in the metropolitan Tokyo,

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the population is decreased. This map shows the population forecast of 2050 in
Tokyo metropolitan areas.

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This is the central area of Tokyo. But just 5km or 10km areas of Tokyo

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also started to decrease its population. And at the same time, in those areas that
will have decreasing population,

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will become aged areas. So at this moment, we have, we have,

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we have a countermeasure for the, for this aging society, particularly from a
viewpoint of urban planning. But gradually,

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after the enactment of YFD law in 2021, the aging,

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the countermeasure for the aging society is being implemented. For example, at
present, for example, in the urban,

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in the urban area around the station, so-called barrier-free area will be
considered in the master plan. But this is also just consideration.

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And also finally, the biggest challenge for metropolitan areas of Tokyo is densely
built areas. So this map shows

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the densely populated area and the disaster risks. Those areas circled in line is
densely populated areas.

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And those kind of areas are higher disaster risk. So clearly we can say that the
densely populated areas are higher disasters.

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And of course, there is no improvement project for the, for the densely populated
area. But it takes very long time

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for improved densely populated areas. Like, like Kampen, yes, has a very long time
to be improved. Japan, Tokyo's densely populated area

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also needs very long time to be improved. Then, sorry, I have a lot of topics. But
finally,

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I'd like to send a very important message for this lecture. Again, let's go back to
this one. This is the suburban scene of city of Solo and city of Tokyo.

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Look at this picture. The picture on the left is the Kampen area of central area of
Jakarta.

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Then the picture on the left is densely populated area, densely populated area of
Tokyo. Just think about, just remember again,

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the urban planning, or urban and regional planning is a kind of tool to intervene
to the physical environment of the cities and regions. Then,

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look up or compare the physical environment of those two districts. We can find a
lot of similarities in the physical environment.

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Of course, the socio-economic condition is much different. For example, from this
photo, this lady may be Muslim, maybe,

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but we have not so many Muslim people in Japan. In this way, socio-economic
condition is different. But, when we look at the physical condition, for example,

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how is the building density, how is the structure, or how is the durability of the
building, we can find a lot of similarities. Then, this is not limited to

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the city of Solo, Jakarta, and Tokyo. Then, these are the densely populated area of
the cities that I think you can visit. Now, not only Jakarta and Tokyo,

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but also, for example, when we look at the densely populated area of city of Accra
in sub-Saharan African region, and city of Medizin in Latin American region,

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we can find a lot of similarity in the physical condition of those cities. So, here
the point is, you would think that challenge

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that I am talking about today is the challenge only for Tokyo, but actually not
true. The challenge that I am talking about today is common to

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Indonesian cities as well as all Asian African and Latin American cities as well.
And at the same time, the point is, the challenge is that Indonesian cities

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and Asian African and Latin American cities are faced with are not the full
challenge of yours. But, our challenge, the Tokyo also, faced with

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the same kind of challenge that you have. So, here the point is, we are sharing our
experience that is the most patient for the better future,

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for sustainable future of the cities and regions of Asia, of course, including
Japan, Africa, and Latin America, or any other part