ECOSYSTEM

DIYA JAIN 07914788823

NAVYA SAHNI 07014788823
 ECOSYSTEM
DIYA JAIN 07914788823
NAVYA SAHNI 07014788823
 WHAT IS ECOSYSTEM?
“An ecosystem is defined as a community of lifeforms in concurrence with
non-living components, interacting with each other.”

An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape,
work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotic or living, parts, as well as abiotic factors, or
nonliving parts. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and other organisms. Abiotic factors include rocks,
temperature, and humidity.

Every factor in an ecosystem depends on every other factor, either directly or indirectly. A change in the
temperature of an ecosystem will often affect what plants will grow there, for instance. Animals that depend on
plants for food and shelter will have to adapt to the changes, move to another ecosystem, or perish.
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE OF
OF
STRUCTURE
ECOSYSTEM OF
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM
The structure of an ecosystem is characterised by the
organisation of both biotic and abiotic components. This
includes the distribution of energy in our environment.
It also includes the climatic conditions prevailing in that
particular environment.
STRUCTURE OF
STRUCTURE
ECOSYSTEM OF
STRUCTURE
ECOSYSTEM OF
ECOSYSTEM
The structure of an ecosystem is characterised by the
organisation of both biotic and abiotic components. This
includes the distribution of energy in our environment.
It also includes the climatic conditions prevailing in that
particular environment.
 STRUCTURE OF
ECOSYSTEM
ABIOTIC BIOTIC
FACTORS FACTORS

Producers Consumers Decomposer

s

Primary Secondary Tertiary

 ABIOTIC
FACTORS
❑ Climate: The prevailing weather conditions, including temperature,
humidity, precipitation, and wind patterns, significantly influence the
ecosystem.
❑ Soil: The nutrient content, pH level, and structure of the soil influence
plant growth and contribute to the overall health of the ecosystem.
❑ Water: Availability, quality, and distribution of water bodies, such as
rivers, lakes, and oceans, impact the types of organisms that can
thrive in an ecosystem.
❑ Sunlight: Solar energy is a key abiotic factor, driving photosynthesis in
plants and influencing the overall energy flow within the ecosystem.
 WATER
SOIL

ATMOSPHER
TEMPERATUR
E
SUNLIGH
T
WIND
 WATER
SOIL

ATMOSPHER
TEMPERATUR
E
SUNLIGH
T
WIND
 WATER
SOIL

ATMOSPHER
TEMPERATUR
E
SUNLIGH
T
WIND
 WATER
SOIL

ATMOSPHER
TEMPERATUR
E
SUNLIGH
T
WIND
 WATER
SOIL

ATMOSPHER
TEMPERATUR
E
SUNLIGH
T
WIND
 WATER
SOIL

ATMOSPHER
TEMPERATUR
E
SUNLIGH
T
WIND
 BIOTIC
FACTORS
❑ Primary consumers: All herbivores that directly depend on plants, such
as cows, goats, rabbits, and sheep, are considered primary
consumers.

❑ Secondary consumers: All that depend on primary consumers for food

are considered secondary consumers. The secondary consumer can
be omnivores or carnivores.

❑ Tertiary consumers: All animals that depend on secondary-level

organisms for their food are known as tertiary consumers.
 PLANT

BACTERI
A
HUMAN

ANIMA
L
PROTISTS
BACTERI
A
HUMAN

ANIMA
L
PROTISTS
HUMAN

ANIMA
L
PROTISTS
ANIMA
L
PROTISTS
PROTISTS
FUNCTIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
It regulates the essential ecological processes, supports
life systems and renders stability.
It is also responsible for the cycling of nutrients between
biotic and abiotic components.
It maintains a balance among the various trophic levels
in the ecosystem.
It cycles the minerals through the biosphere.
The abiotic components help in the synthesis of organic
components that involve the exchange of energy.
 TYPES OF
ECOSYSTEM
An ecosystem can be as small as an oasis in a desert, or as big as an
ocean, spanning thousands of miles. There are two types of
ecosystem:

AQUATI TERRESTRI
 AQUATIC
ECOSYSTEM
Freshwater Ecosystem
The freshwater ecosystem
is an aquatic ecosystem
that includes lakes, ponds,
rivers, streams and
wetlands. These have no
salt content in contrast
with the marine ecosystem.
Marine Ecosystem
The marine ecosystem
includes seas and oceans.
These have a more
substantial salt content and
greater biodiversity in
comparison to the freshwater
ecosystem.
 TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEM
GRASSLA
FOREST TUNDRA DESERT
ND
ECOSYST ECOSYST ECOSYST
ECOSYST
EM EM EM
EM
 FOREST ECOSYSTEM
A forest ecosystem consists of several
plants, particularly trees, animals and
microorganisms that live in coordination
with the abiotic factors of the environment.
Forests help in maintaining the
temperature of the earth and are the major
carbon sink.
TUNDRA ECOSYSTEM
Tundra ecosystems are devoid of trees
and are found in cold climates or where
rainfall is scarce. These are covered with
snow for most of the year. Tundra type of
ecosystem is found in the Arctic or
mountain tops.
GRASSLAND
ECOSYSTEM
In a grassland ecosystem, the vegetation
is dominated by grasses and herbs.
Temperate grasslands and tropical or
savanna grasslands are examples of
grassland ecosystems.
DESERT ECOSYSTEM
Deserts are found throughout the world.
These are regions with little rainfall and
scarce vegetation. The days are hot, and
the nights are cold.
 FOOD CHAIN IMPORTANT
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
ECOLOGICA
L CONCEPTS
FOOD WEB
 FOOD CHAIN
The food chain represents the
flow of energy and nutrients in
an ecosystem, where
organisms are grouped based
on their feeding relationships.
It typically starts with primary
producers, like plants,
followed by herbivores, then
carnivores, and finally,
decomposers. Each level
depends on the one below for
sustenance, forming a chain
of energy transfer.
ECOLOGICAL
PYRAMIDS
Ecological pyramids visually
depict the trophic structure in
ecosystems. The Pyramid of
Energy showcases the energy
flow, illustrating a decrease as
you move up trophic levels.
The Pyramid of Biomass
represents total biomass at
each level, typically narrowing
upward. Pyramid of Numbers
displays the quantity of
organisms. These pyramids
offer insights into ecosystem
dynamics, emphasizing
energy transfer efficiency and
the interdependence of
species within ecological
systems.
FOOD WEB
A food web is a complex
network of interconnected
food chains within an
ecosystem, illustrating the
various feeding relationships
among organisms. Unlike a
linear food chain, a food web
accounts for the multiple ways
different species interact by
consuming and being
consumed. It provides a more
realistic representation of the
intricate connections in
nature, showcasing the
diversity of trophic interactions
and highlighting the
interdependence of species
within an ecosystem.
THANK YOU