Aklan State University - College of Fisheries and Marine Sciences

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

An emergency is a non-routine situation that necessitates prompt action,

primarily to mitigate a hazard or adverse consequences for human health and

environmental safety. Being the custodian of the radiation sources, handling of the

radiation emergency situation, mitigating the consequences and making preventive

measures to avoid any recurrence of such situation in future are the responsibilities of

the employer. Emergency response requires collaboration and a wide range of public

and private partners, including first responders, law enforcement units, incident

management, and local government agencies (WSDOT, 2022).

The public health emergency that the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 has re-

emphasized the critical need to have well-coordinated measures guided by a

comprehensive plan when responding to emergencies (NEDA, 2023). Then

Socioeconomic Planning Secretary Ernesto M. Pernia underscored how the public

health emergency highlighted the need for a ‘whole-of-government and whole-of-society

approach in addressing the challenges posed by both the pandemic and other types of

emergencies that first responders continue to face daily despite risks of spreading the

virus.

Moreover, a delay in emergency response would mean worsening injuries or

deaths—the established relationship between emergency medical service delay time to

mortality rate. Response time, a leading indicator of EMS, is a fundamental factor

for prehospital care to be successful. It must be controlled to increase the survival rate
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Aklan State University - College of Fisheries and Marine Sciences
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

(Cabral et al., 2018). Additionally, careful planning is a critical part of the program

because it helps identify the deficiencies such as lack of resources (equipment,

trained personnel, supplies) and other items that can be resolved proactively

(Borthwick, 2023)

In addition, there are different factors or challenges that may encountered in

dealing with different emergencies. It may have categorized in environmental, physical

or even mechanical factors that can cause the delay of the service that they provide.

And this are the other reasons why other responder have the difficulties in giving efficient

care and service on time especially to those victims in highland part or in the end part of

the municipality.

The researcher decided to conduct this study to know the factors affecting the

efficiency of the response team during emergencies this will beneficial to Barangay

Officials who are the first responder in case of emergencies in their area, the Municipal

Disaster Risk and Reduction team which they can use it to identify the possible

challenges they may encountered in providing urgent response, the Bureau of Fire

Protection and the Philippine National Police in reaching the community and providing

assistants in terms of any emergency may occur in their municipality.

This will focus in the interior barangay of the Municipality of New Washington to

ensure the safety and develop new strategies in any kind of incident and obstacles during in

any emergency situation.

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to determine the factors effecting efficiency of

response teams during emergencies?

Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:

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Aklan State University - College of Fisheries and Marine Sciences
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

1. What are the factors affecting the efficiency of the response teams during

emergencies?

2. What is the level of efficiency of the response teams during emergencies?

3. Is there a significant relationship in the factors affecting the efficiency of

the response teams to the level of the efficiency of the response teams

during emergencies teams during emergencies?

Hypothesis of the Study

There is a relationship in the factors affecting the efficiency of the response

teams to the level of the efficiency of the response teams during emergencies teams

during emergencies.

Theoretical Framework

The Theory of Rapid Response Systems by Jones CM and Petree B. Evolution

(2010) serves as the broad foundation for this investigation. This theory concentrates on

dealing with shortcomings in hospital patient monitoring, identification, and care.

Through the use of procedures and tools that promote early intervention and stop

unfavorable events, reaction Response Systems (RRS) seeks to increase the

effectiveness of reaction teams.

Furthermore, the idea of collective competence in emergency response

highlights how important it is for teams to collaborate well and make full use of their

complimentary skills. This idea emphasizes that in order to increase the effectiveness of

response teams, it is critical to establish clear roles, provide mentorship, and exercise

leadership. Conceptual Framework

The Conceptual Framework of this study is presented the paradigm below

showing the independent variable which is Factors affecting the efficiency of the
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Aklan State University - College of Fisheries and Marine Sciences
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

response teams during emergencies that might contribute to the variation of answers for

the dependent variable which is Level of efficiency of the response teams during

emergencies in Interior Barangay of the Municipality of New Washington.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Factors affecting the efficiency

Level of efficiency of the
of the response teams during
response teams during
emergencies
emergencies

Figure 1: Conceptual Paradigm Showing the Relationship between the two variables.

Significance of the Study

In this study will be beneficial to the following individuals, organizations, and

institutions:

Local Government Unit. The local government unit can benefit to this study in

terms of developing programs that can show their utmost support to their response

teams which for them to find new and efficient ways and equipment’s when it comes to

hindrances that response teams face during disaster and emergency response.

Barangay Council. This study will help them develop a program of action that

will lessen the factors affecting the efficiency of the response teams during emergencies.
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Aklan State University - College of Fisheries and Marine Sciences
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Community. The findings of this study will provide important information and for

the community to come up with a better understanding on the tasks performed of

response teams towards the vision of attaining fast and efficient response during

disaster.

Future Researchers. This study will serve as a resource for the present

researchers give dedication in doing this study. The future researchers can use it as

their reference in conducting similar studies to serve as comparison in results in order to

create stronger conclusions.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study will be conducted to the eight (8) interior barangay of Municipality of

New Washington. The respondents of this study were 64 barangay officials, purposively

given a questionnaire/survey to each official. This study will be conducted in the

academic year 2023-2024, questionnaire will be us instrument in gathering the needed

data and it will be composed of two parts. Descriptive research design will be adopted

this study. Frequency count, percentages will be used in Person’s R interpreting

collected data.

Definition of Terms

Disaster Management. The organization, planning and application of measures

preparing for, responding to and recovering from disasters. (Terminology Dictionary)

In this study this refers to the group of officials that is responsible in planning and

in applying safety measures and procedures in responding and recovering from any kind

of emergency response activity.

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Aklan State University - College of Fisheries and Marine Sciences
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Efficiency. It is avoiding a waste of time, effort, or resources. Many people have begun

to use compact fluorescent light bulbs because of their greater energy efficiency.

(Vocabulary Dictionary)

In this study this refers to how the programs and activities are effective.

Emergency. It is an unforeseen combination of circumstances or the resulting state that

calls for immediate action. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

In this study this refers to the incidents that is need to respond to conduct an

immediate action.

Equipment. It is the set of necessary tools, clothing, etc. for a particular purpose.

(Cambridge Dictionary)

In this study this refers to the tools or other things that are needed in responding

such emergencies.

Personnel. It is the people who are employed in a company, organization, or one of

the armed forces. (Cambridge Dictionary)

In this study this refers to the people who are professionals or men in uniformed.

Responder. It refers to someone who answers a question or who acts quickly in

response to some event. If there's only one responder to all of your teacher's questions,

he'll start calling on other students to answer as well. (Vocabulary Dictionary)

In this study this refer to a person that has the capabilities to respond during the

times of emergency to apply immediate.

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Aklan State University - College of Fisheries and Marine Sciences
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Response Team. It means a multidisciplinary team established under this subchapter to

strengthen the collaborative response and enhance health and judicial outcomes for

sexual assault survivors who are adults. (Lawinsider Dictionary )

In this study this refers to the group of trained persons that have the ability and

enough knowledge to respond in times of emergency.

Weather. It is the state of the atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, wetness or

dryness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)

In this study this refers to the state of the atmosphere either heat or cold,

clearness or cloudiness.