Database Systems and Approaches

Assessment on Database System and Approaches

Name: Sangam Adhikari

Student Id: 77205862

Msc.IT

The British College

Submitted to: Dr. Aman Shakya

Table of Contents
Introduction: ........................................................................................................................................... 1
Implementation and Testing .................................................................................................................... 1
Report: .................................................................................................................................................... 8
References ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Database Part 2:

Introduction:
For the implementation part I have chosen the data analytics aspect. In data analytics data is
taken so that we can make decisions from the given data. Nowadays there are many methods and
processes for the data analytics that are being used by human beings (Investopedia, 2019). There
are several steps for the data analysis process. For the data analytics process data requirement
should be identified or determine how the data is placed. It can be divided according to the category
like income, products, age, date, and so on. Then after the data can be collected through several of
source like online, through personnel and so on. Data should be organized properly before having
cleaning process. To perform analytics data should be properly organized. There should not be error
or any duplication of the data while analyzing. It is the main factor for increasing the performance of
any business. It helps the companies to build a better decision for their benefit. It helps in to analyze
the customer trends and their pleasure by increasing the effective products and service as per the
requirement of the people. There are different types of analytics like descriptive, diagnostic, and
predictive (Scnsoft.com, 2019).

Now, in this report data of various entities has been used for the analysis process. There are various
entities like product, agent, customer, region, order and payment. Giving example of one of the
entity, the data of the product has been analyzed and has been visualized according to the stock
that has been left. Similarly, using the data of the payment method it has been analyzed and
visualized the method of the payment done by the customer whether it is by credit card, cheque or
by cash.

Implementation and Testing

For the process of the implementation and testing six entities has been taken from the previous
assignment one. The list of entities that has been taken are listed below:
 Product
 Agent
 Customer
 Region
 Order
 Payment

Tables for all the entities were created in the oracle apex which are given below:

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 Fig: query for the creation of the table customer

Fig: Screen shot of the table CUSTOMER table created

Similarly tables were created for all the entities as shown above and data was inserted in all the tables.

Now, showing the data insertion process in customer table:

Fig: Inserting the fields in customer table

Fig: Screenshot of data inserted in customer table

Similarly, ten more rows were inserted in the table.

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Application was built with multiple forms like Product, Agent, Customer, Region and Order. Screen shot
for the application built is given below:

Fig: Application Dashboard

The above application consists home page with multiple forms.

Creating LOV

Fig: Creating LOV

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Now creating master detail form for customer order form.

Screen shots for the master table is given below:

Now showing the process of insert/update/edit:

Inserting the data from the master table to order and customer forms:

Inserting:

Fig: Customer order

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 Fig: Inserting of customer form master table

Now for Edit:

Fig: Editing data

The above figure shows the editing of data as it was 01-JAN-19. It was edited to 01-JAN-18

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Now for Updating

Here the customer having id 41 had last name Budha but after using update command it is updated in to
Adhikari. Screen shot for the proof is given below:

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The Charts for the Stock Chart and the Payment method.

Fig: Stock Chart

Fig: Payment Method

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Report:
Describing about SQL and NoSQL database approaches SQL it is a very big determination so know that
which of the relational data structure should be used. As both of the databases are workable but they
differ in certain key factors which should be kept in mind while choosing them. Talking about the
differences about the of these data structures, SQL databases are the databases which are especially
called as Relational Databases whereas NoSQL databases are non-relational or distributed databases.
There is language difference between these two databases as SQL uses or explains and operates data
based structured query language that SQL (GeeksforGeeks, 2019). It is very powerful language. It is
mainly used to deal with complex queries and is known as mostly used and adaptable language. There is
one disadvantage of this language as it have some restrictions. It has schemas that already defined and
we cannot use except that defined schemas. This is one of the negative side this query language. But
talking about the NoSQL database it consists of schema which is dynamic for the data that is not
structured. It has wide variety of data storing ways. It can store documented oriented or that may be
column oriented, graph or it can be ordered as KeyValue (Cattell, 2011). NoSQL provides the pliability of
creating the documents that need not to have defined structure at the beginning. All the documents
that are created using NoSQL has its own structure. Different database may have different type of
syntax in NoSQL where we can append different fields as we need (Li and Manoharan, 2013).

Scalability is another function that this two approaches have. SQL databases are vertically adaptable in
nearly circumstances. In SQL databases the stack into a single server can be expanded by increasing CPU,
RAM etc. But the databases which are adaptable horizontally are NoSQL databases. We can add servers
or use sharding while using this type of databases which helps to control high traffic. In this context
NoSQL become more powerful. Those database which are table-based that are known as Sql database
whereas database having key value pairs, graph database etc are known as NoSql databases (Jing Han et
al., 2011). The property followed by these two databases are ACID and Brewers CAP theorem where
ACID means (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability) and Brewers CAP theorem means
(Consistency, Availability and Partition tolerance) (Ivan Voroshilin's Blog, 2019).

Describing about the current relational database management system, the schema of the database is
already defined or in other word we can say that they are static or fixed. In case of data that are kept in
a rank or order it not appropriate choice. If people want to do any difficult or complex type of queries
then this is better suited. But in case of scalability it vertically scalable. In case of our application
generation SQL was used.

In the application created above tables are created of six entities that were taken from the assignment
first. All the required data was inserted in the tables. Master detail was also created in the application.
All the necessary activities like insert, update, edit and so on were done. Graphs were created for the
tables in order to perform analysis and visualization part. Data with minimum 10 row was inserted into
the tables.

Talking about the emerging technologies in order to handle that may influence the organization in
coming days first increasing complexity is one of the main reason as the data contains the lots of things
which may be either in single file or multiple file. It should be managed properly by making proper table,
record and correct key filed. Data should be shorted and edited properly and also queried properly. As
SQL helps in the query execution that is said to be done to the database. Then after it helps in the data
retrieving process. CRUD operations can be performed with the help this language. Views can also be

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created with the help of this language. It also allows to set the authorization along with creation of new
databases. But concerning about this language it not scalable as compare to other technologies. Latency
of this technologies is less. It is less consistent that NoSQL database.

One of the analytics idea for the organization is data quality management. It is one of the rapidly
growing trend in current years. This idea helps in the analyzing and the extraction of the required data
which is in huge from that has many errors and is not in high quality. It helps in the increment of the
business intelligence. By the management of the data it helps in increasing future business intelligence
(Hazen et al., 2014). So, for the case study of our organization it is very important to maintain the
quality of the data.

Now similarly, another idea is to maintain security that means privacy and digital ethics. It is also one of
the most used idea for organization. Their come a database security problems along with heavy amount
of loss of data. So, it should be made more secure in order prevent such type of loss (Okman et al.,
2011). Security is one of the most important part of the organization that need to me maintained
properly so that there will be good growing of the organization up to future.

Another idea for the analytics is data recovery which is also known as the most important factor in an
organization. It helps in identifying business values. It is based on the visualization of the data that helps
in identifying the major trends and spot outliers. It helps in making the sustainable decisions with the
help of visualization (Crus, 1984). Similarly, data recovery can be used in our organization to make it
better in future.

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References
Investopedia. (2019). How Data Analytics Work. [online] Available at:
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/data-analytics.asp [Accessed 18 May 2019].
Scnsoft.com. (2019). 4 types of data analytics to improve decision-making. [online] Available at:
https://www.scnsoft.com/blog/4-types-of-data-analytics [Accessed 18 May 2019].
GeeksforGeeks. (2019). GATE CS Topic wise preparation Notes | GeeksforGeeks. [online] Available at:
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/gate-cs-notes-gq/ [Accessed 19 May 2019].

Cattell, R. (2011). Scalable SQL and NoSQL data stores. ACM SIGMOD Record, 39(4), p.12.

Li, Y. and Manoharan, S. (2013). A performance comparison of SQL and NoSQL databases. 2013 IEEE
Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM).
Jing Han, Haihong E, Guan Le and Jian Du (2011). Survey on NoSQL database. 2011 6th International
Conference on Pervasive Computing and Applications.
Ivan Voroshilin's Blog. (2019). Brewer’s CAP theorem explained: BASE versus ACID. [online] Available
at: https://ivoroshilin.wordpress.com/2012/12/13/brewers-cap-theorem-explained-base-versus-acid/
[Accessed 25 May 2019].

Hazen, B., Boone, C., Ezell, J. and Jones-Farmer, L. (2014). Data quality for data science, predictive
analytics, and big data in supply chain management: An introduction to the problem and suggestions for
research and applications. International Journal of Production Economics, 154, pp.72-80.

Okman, L., Gal-Oz, N., Gonen, Y., Gudes, E. and Abramov, J. (2011). Security Issues in NoSQL
Databases. 2011IEEE 10th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and
Communications.

Crus, R. (1984). Data recovery in IBM Database 2. IBM Systems Journal, 23(2), pp.178-188.

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