CULTURE AND NATIONALITY RELIGIOUS ASPECT – UG234922

PAPER ASSIGNMENT: HUMANS AND SPIRITUALITY

ARRANGED BY:
GROUP 1
GALLANG RIZKY GEMILANG NRP. 5031221032
IVONNSYA JOVANCA ANNDRIANO NRP. 5031221054
FADHILLA MEIRISNA NRP. 5013221037
MUHAMMAD SIDIQ PRAMONO NRP. 5013221039

LECTURER:
Dr. CHOIRUL MAHFUD, S.Pd.I., M.Pd.I.

DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FACULTY OF CREATIVE DESIGN AND DIGITAL BUSINESS
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2024
 FOREWORD
We always give thanks to God Almighty because with His abundance of grace, pleasure and grace,
The Humans and Spirituality Paper Assignment can be completed on time.

We have prepared this paper as a fulfillment of the assignment given by the Course Coordinator of
the Culture and Nationality Religious Aspect course and Dr. Choirul Mahfud, S.Pd.I., M.Pd.I.
which we hope can be used to increase the reader's understanding and knowledge regarding The
Humans and Spirituality.

In addition, we apologize for the imperfection in preparing this report. Even so, we, the team that
prepared this paper, hope that this paper will still provide benefits for readers. Therefore, we hope
for input in the form of constructive criticism or suggestions so that we can be even better in the
future.

We would also like to thank Dr. Choirul Mahfud, S.Pd.I., M.Pd.I. as our lecturer and supervisor in
the Culture and Nationalily Religious Aspect course that we learn. Apart from that, we would also
like to thank all parties who have participated in the preparation of this report, as well as all parties
concerned for the preparation of the Humans and Spirituality Paper Assignment.

Surabaya, 23 April 2024

Writers

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 ABSTRACT
This paper explores the intertwined concepts of humanity, spirituality, and religion across
various philosophical, religious, and cultural perspectives. It begins with definitions of
humanity from philosophical and religious standpoints, highlighting the inherent dignity and
purpose ascribed to humans by different belief systems. The discussion then delves into
spirituality, emphasizing its holistic nature and its significance in shaping human existence,
relationships, and societal values. Furthermore, it examines the belief in humans as divine
creatures across different religious traditions, underscoring the notion of spiritual growth and
moral integrity inherent in human nature. The paper also addresses the role of religion in
human civilization, acknowledging its contributions to culture, ethics, and social cohesion,
while also recognizing challenges such as conflicts and the need for religious moderation.
Lastly, it reflects on the contemporary urgency of religion in addressing moral values and
fostering peaceful coexistence in society. Overall, the paper underscores the complex
interplay between humanity, spirituality, and religion, highlighting their profound impact on
individual lives and societal development.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD 2
ABSTRACT 3
TABLE OF CONTENT 4
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 5
1.1 Definition of Human 5
1.2 Definition of Spirituality 5
CHAPTER 2 DISCUSSION 6
2.1 Spirituality as part of human existence 6
2.2 Humans as divine creatures 6
2.3 The urgency of religion for humans 7
CHAPTER 3 CLOSING 9
3.1 Conclusion 9
BIBLIOGRAPHY 10
LOGBOOK 11

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 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Definition of Human
According to Spinoza, Goethe, Hegel, and Marx, humans are living beings who must
be productive, mastering the world outside themselves through action, expressing their
unique human power, and exerting control over the world through this power. They argue that
unproductive humans are receptive and passive, lacking existence and vitality. This
perspective highlights the essential role of human activity and agency in defining humanity,
emphasizing that true life and vitality come from active engagement with the world. (Ghoni,
2017)
The Quran, the holy scripture of Islam, offers a multifaceted view of human beings. In
Surah At-Tin (95:4), it declares, "Surely We created man in the best make." This verse speaks
to the inherent dignity and excellence with which humanity was created. It emphasizes that
humans are not mere creatures of chance but are deliberately crafted by the Divine with
precision and care. This concept of being "the best of creation" underscores the noble status
accorded to humans in the Islamic tradition.
The Bible further elaborates on the purpose of humanity. In Isaiah 43:7, it states,
"Everyone who is called by my name, whom I created for my glory, whom I formed and
made." Here, the purpose of humanity is tied to glorifying God. Human existence finds its
ultimate meaning and fulfillment in acknowledging and honoring the Creator. This
recognition underscores that the essence of being human is intertwined with a relationship
with the divine, with the purpose of reflecting God's glory through our lives and actions.

1.2 Definition of Spirituality

One definition of spirituality is an essential component of holistic nursing care. It
includes attending to patients' spiritual needs, which is made more difficult by imprecise
conceptual frameworks and concepts. It highlights the fact that spirituality is a broader
concept than religion and should not be confused with it. Rather, spirituality is viewed as a
multifaceted idea that encompasses the self, other others, and the person's ultimate ideal or
conception of "God." The self, others, and "God" are highlighted as essential components of a
definition of spirituality in this study. Emerging themes like significance, hope,
relatedness/connectedness, beliefs/belief systems, and spiritual expressions are also
identified. It implies that scholars and practitioners can use these themes as a foundation to
investigate and comprehend spirituality in relation to healthcare. (Dyson 1997).

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 CHAPTER 2 DISCUSSION
2.1 Spirituality as part of human existence

A life that is in line with particular ideals and beliefs, a sense of purpose, and a
connection to something bigger than oneself are all included in the wide and complex concept
of spirituality. It is a feature of the human experience that cuts beyond the boundaries of
culture and religion and gives people a framework for comprehending their place in the
universe, their relationships with other people, and their place in the cosmos. Religion,
meditation, art, and a profound love of nature are just a few ways that spirituality might
appear (Abdulloh, 2003). The search for meaning in life and introspection are frequently
linked to the spiritual aspect of human existence. It entails developing characteristics like
humility, forgiveness, charity, and compassion as well as acknowledging the non-material
components of life. In addition to being essential to each person's well-being, these virtues
also help to build a society that is more morally and harmonious (Hidayat, 2019). As many
spiritual traditions involve common rituals and opportunities for service and charitable work,
spirituality can also be expressed through social interactions and communal activities.
Spirituality's social component helps people feel supported and at home, which is especially
beneficial in times of individual or group turmoil (Syam, 2019). Furthermore, spirituality can
be extremely subjective and intensely personal, allowing for a wide range of activities and
beliefs. It is not limited to the domain of organized religion. It is a dynamic aspect of human
existence that evolves over time, adapting to individual experiences and relationships
(Imarah, 1999).

2.2 Humans as divine creatures

There is a deep-seated belief in many religions that people have a divine side that
gives them spiritual worth and moral potential. According to the Christian concept of "Imago
Dei" (Image of God), people are considered spiritually and morally important because they
were made in God's image. The Gnostic traditions talk about a "divine spark," a piece of
divine energy that lives inside every person and can be developed to bring about spiritual
freedom or enlightenment. Atman and Brahman are similar ideas in Hinduism. The individual
soul (Atman) is the same as the global soul (Brahman), which shows that God is one.

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 "Fitrah," which means "innate purity and recognition of Allah's oneness that every
human possesses from birth," is central to Islam's view of human divinity. This belief
emphasizes that everyone naturally wants to be good and link with God. Additionally,
Eastern Orthodox Christianity talks about theosis, a process by which people can become
more like God through God's kindness and dedication to living a holy life.

By putting these ideas together, it's clear that people of all religions and societies
recognize that people can grow spiritually and live ethically. These views confirm that
humans have a unique place in the universe. They encourage people to live a life focused on
spiritual excellence and moral integrity based on their divine-like essence or deep-link to the
divine. The idea is that people from different religions all agree on one thing: people can be
divine and good by nature because of their unique spiritual make-up and connection with
God.

2.3 The urgency of religion for humans

As a foundation for culture, education, health care, and the formation of fundamental
human rights, religion has been instrumental in the development of human civilizations. It
has aided in the advancement of science and technology as well as the moral and ethical
growth of societies (Wahid, 2001). In the face of life's uncertainties, religious beliefs and
practices give people a sense of control and understanding, offering solutions to existential
issues and aiding in the normalization of experiences of loss and transition. Additionally,
religion can provide consolation and direction by providing examples of how to handle
hardship and misfortune (Prababari, 2018).Religion's social component is just as significant
since it promotes prosocial actions like compassion, generosity, and the development of
strong social networks. Religion can improve social cohesion and contribute to the general
well-being of individuals and societies by encouraging virtues and ethical conduct (Dirjen
Pendais, 2021).But religion is not without its difficulties. their leaders should reexamine and
modify their doctrines to put more emphasis on their civilizing functions rather than on
elements that can impede human development because it has been linked to conflict and
division (Majid, 211). In response to these difficulties, the idea of religious moderation, or
moderation in religion, has arisen, calling for a well-rounded strategy that values variety and
encourages peaceful coexistence (Dirjen Pendais, 2021).The urgency of religion in

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contemporary society is also shown in the philosophical debates concerning morality and
religion's role in resolving moral values' dispersal and the perceived barriers to advancement
that religion may present. There is a cry for a determined effort to uphold the moral and
divine essence of humanity and to bring life back in line with the precepts found in religious
teachings (Hidayat, 2019).

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 CHAPTER 3 CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
In conclusion, the exploration of humanity and spirituality across various
philosophical and religious perspectives reveals a common thread: the recognition of
humans as beings with inherent dignity, divine potential, and a profound connection to
something greater than themselves. From Spinoza to the Quran to the Bible, diverse
sources underscore the significance of human agency, spiritual fulfillment, and the
pursuit of moral excellence. Spirituality, as an integral aspect of human existence,
encompasses the search for meaning, introspection, and the cultivation of virtues that
contribute to personal well-being and societal harmony. Moreover, religion plays a
pivotal role in shaping cultures, fostering ethical development, and providing solace
amid life's uncertainties. However, challenges such as doctrinal rigidity and conflict
underscore the need for religious moderation and a renewed focus on the civilizing
aspects of faith. Overall, the discourse on humanity and spirituality underscores the
timeless quest for understanding, fulfillment, and the realization of our divine
potential.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Imarah, Muhammad. Agama dan Pluralitas: Perbedaan dan Kemajemukan dalam
Bingkai Persatuan, Jakarta, Gema Insani, 1999
Geetz, Clifford, diterjemahkan Hardiman, Budi. Kebudayaan dan Agama,
Yogyakarta, Kanisius, 1992
Prababari, Musafir. Agama dan Integrasi Kebangsaan, Jakarta, Ombak Pustaka Kita,
2018
Wahid, Abdurrahman. Pergulatan Negara, Agama da Kebudayaan, Jakarta,
Desantara,2001
Dirjen Pendais, Kementerian Agama RI, Moderasi beragama, e-book, Jakarta,2021
Syam, Nur. Demi Agama, Nusa dan Bangsa, Jakarta, Prenada Media, 2019
Abdulloh, Amin. Agama dan Pluralitas Budaya Lokal, Yoyakarta, UMS Press, 2003
Majid, Nur Cholis. Agama dan Dialog antar Peradaban,Jakarta, Dian Rakyat, 211
Hidayat, Komaruddin. Agama untuk Peradaban, Membumikan Etos Agama dalam
Kehidupan, Jakarta,Alfabet, 2019.
Dyson, J., Cobb, M., & Forman, D. (1997). The meaning of spirituality: A literature
review. Journal of advanced nursing, 26(6), 1183-1188.
Ghoni, A. (2016). Konsep Manusia Menurut Plato [Bachelor dissertation, Universitas
Islam Negeri Walisongo]. Walisongo Institutional Repository.
https://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/id/eprint/5826/

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 LOGBOOK

NRP Name Activities

- Abstract
5031221032 Gallang Rizky Gemilang - Conclusion

- Foreword
- Spirituality as part of human
existence
- The urgency of religion for
5031221054 Ivonnsya Jovanca Anndriano humans

- Definition of Human
5013221037 Fadhilla Meirisna - Table of Contents

- Definition of spirituality
5013221039 Muhammad Sidiq Pramono - Humans as divine creatures

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