MATHEMATICS

!Óû˛yàÈÙÙÙÙÈÚܲÛ
1– !ö¡¨!°!áï˛ ≤ß¿à%!°Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ É S!Óܲ“ ≤ß¿à%!° °«˛î#Î˚V 1 × 10 = 10
(a) ex ~Ó˚ !Óhfl,Ï!ï˛Ó˚ ¢ï≈˛ •°
[i] x>0 [ ii ] 2 < x < 3 [ iii ] – 1 < x < 1 [iv] – ∝ < x < ∝
§!ë˛Ü˛ í˛z_Ó˚!ê˛ !öÓ≈yã˛ö ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
í˛z_Ó˚– (a) exÈÙÈ~Ó˚ !Óhfl,Ï!ï˛Ó˚ ¢ï≈˛ •° – ∝ < x < ∝ — [iv]
LM 1 3 0 OP
(b) !ÓÓ,!ï˛!ê˛ §ï˛ƒ xÌÓy !ü̃y Ó°– M 4 0 −2
PP üƒy!ê˛∆:!ê˛ !§Aà%°yÓ˚ üƒy!ê˛∆:–
MN 2 6 0 Q
LM 1 3 0 OP
í˛z_Ó˚– ô!Ó˚ñ A = M 4 0 −2 P
MN 2 6 0 PQ
A = 0 (0 – 24) + 2 (6 – 6) + 0 (0 – 12) = 0
∴ A !§Aà%°yÓ˚ üƒy!ê˛∆:
∴ !ÓÓ,!ï˛!ê˛ §ï˛ƒ–
2
(c) 3y – 6y – 2x + 9 = 0 x!ôÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ !öÎ˚yüˆÏܲÓ˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î
[i] 3x – 4 = 0 [ii] 6x – 17 = 0 [iii] x – 3 = 0 [iv] y – 1 = 0
§!ë˛Ü˛ í˛z_Ó˚!ê˛ !öÓ≈yã˛ö ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
í˛z_Ó˚– 3y2 – 6y – 2x + 9 = 0
or, 3 (y2 – 2y + 1) = 2x – 6
or, 3 (y – 1)2 = 2 (x – 3)
1
or, (y – 1)2 = 4. . ( x − 3)
6
!öÎ˚yüˆÏܲÓ˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î x – 3 = − 16
or, 6x – 18 = – 1
or, 6x – 17 = 0...........[ii]
xÌÓyñ 3x2 + 2y2 = 6 í˛z˛õÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ ¢#£Ï≈!Ó®%à%!°Ó˚ fiÌyöyAܲ
xÌÓy –
í˛z_Ó˚– 3x2 + 2y2 = 6
2 y2
or, x + =1
2 3
2 y
or, x + =1
d i d i
√2
2
√3
2

d
∴ í˛z˛õÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ ¢#£Ï≈!Ó®%à%!°Ó˚ fiÌyöyAܲ 0, ± 3 – i
2
(d) Î!ò f (x) = 2 3x •Î˚ñ ï˛ˆÏÓ f ′ ( x ) = –
2
í˛z_Ó˚– f (x) = 2 3x
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
2
f ′( x ) = 2 3x ⋅ log2e ⋅ 6 x
2
= 6 x log 2e ⋅ 2 3 x
xÌÓyñ §!ë˛Ü˛ í˛z_Ó˚!ê˛ !öÓ≈yã˛ö ܲˆÏÓ˚y É
Î!ò f (x) = log (3x + 1), ï˛ˆÏÓ f = (1)ÙÈ~Ó˚ üyö
9 9 9 9
[i] [ii] – [iii] [iv] –
16 16 4 4
í˛z_Ó˚– f (x) = log (3x + 1)
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
3
f ′( x ) = 3 x + 1

xyÓyÓ˚ñ í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ

9
f ′′( x ) = −
a3x + 1 2 f
˛

af
∴ f ′′ 1 = −
9
a f
3+1
−
9
2 = 16 ..............[iv]

dy
(e) §!ë˛Ü˛ í˛z_Ó˚!ê˛ !öÓ≈yã˛ö ܲˆÏÓ˚y É Î!ò x = a cos θ ñ y = a sin θ ï˛ˆÏÓ ~Ó˚ üyö
dx
[i] tan θ [ii] – tan θ [iii] – cot θ [iv] cot θ
í˛z_Ó˚– x = a cos θ
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ θÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
dx
= − a sin θ
dθ
y = a sin θ
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ θÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
dy
= a cos θ
dθ
∴ dy = dy . dθ =
a cos θ = – cot θ...........[iii]
dx dθ dx − a sin θ

(f) z − 1
e x ⋅ 12 dx
x
~Ó˚ üyö
1 1 1 1
1 1 x − −
[i] x e x + c [ii] − x e +c [iii] e x + c [iv] − e x + c

í˛z_Ó˚– z −
1
1
e x . 2 dx

z
x
= e z ⋅ dz ô!Ó˚ñ − 1x = z
= ez + c ∴ 1 dx = dz
x2
1
−x
= e + c .............[iii]

xÌÓyñ Î!ò z a 2 − x 2 dx =
x
2
x
a 2 − x 2 + k sin −1 a + c •Î˚ñ kÈÙÈ~Ó˚ üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–

í˛z_Ó˚– xyüÓ˚y çy!öñ

a2
z a 2 − x 2 dx =
x a2 − x 2 a2
2
+
2
x
sin −1 a + c

∴ k= 2
 (g) !ÓÓ,!ï˛!ê˛ §ï˛ƒ xÌÓy !ü̃y Ó° É z 0
π
f (sin x ) dx = 2 z 0
π
2 f (sin x ) dx

í˛z_Ó˚– ô!Ó˚ñ φ (x) = f (sin x)

∴ φ (π – x) = f {sin (π – x)}
= f (sin x) = φ (x)

∴ z π
0
a f z
f sin x dx = 2 2 f sin x dx
0
π
a f 3 z 0
2a
af
f x dx = 2 z0
a
af a f af
f x dx , Îáö f 2 a − x = f x

∴ !ÓÓ,!ï˛!ê˛ §ï˛ƒ–
xÌÓy
xÌÓyñ !ÓÓ,!ï˛!ê˛ §ï˛ƒ xÌÓy !ü̃y Ó° É
Î!ò f (a + x) = f (x) •Î˚ñ ï˛ˆÏÓ z na
0
f ( x ) dx = n z 0
a
f ( x )dx

í˛z_Ó˚– !ÓÓ,!ï˛!ê˛ §ï˛ƒ–

(h) ¢)öƒfiÌyö ˛õ)î≈ ܲˆÏÓ˚y É z e 5 log x dx =

í˛z_Ó˚– z e 5 log x dx = z e log x dx

5

= z
(i) !ÓÓ,!ï˛!ê˛ §ï˛ƒ xÌÓy !ü̃y Ó° É
6
6
x 5 dx = x + c ñ ˆÎáyˆÏö c §üyܲ°ö ô%Óܲ–

§ücÓ˚ˆÏî §Ó˚°ˆÏÓ˚áyÎ˚ à!ï˛¢#° ~ܲ!ê˛ Ü˛îy– t §üˆÏÎ˚ AB ò)Ó˚c x!ï˛Ü˛ü ܲˆÏÓ˚– ܲîy!ê˛Ó˚ A !Ó®%ˆÏï˛ Ä B !Ó®%ˆÏï˛
ˆÓˆÏàÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚üyî ÎÌyܲˆÏü u ~ÓÇ v •ˆÏ°ñ 2t §üˆÏÎ˚ ܲîy!ê˛Ó˚ à!ï˛ˆÏÓà u +2 v •ˆÏÓ–
í˛z_Ó˚– !ÓÓ,!ï˛!ê˛ §ï˛ƒ–
b g
(j) §hsˇï˛ xˆÏ˛õ«˛Ü˛ y = f (x) ÓˆÏܲÓ˚ x1 , y1 !Ó®%ˆÏï˛ flõ¢≈ˆÏܲÓ˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î ˆ°ˆÏáy–
í˛z_Ó˚– §¡õˆÏÜ≈˛Ó˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î É y − y1 = f ′ x1 x − x1 b gb g
!Óû˛yàÈÙÙÙÙÈÚáÛ
2. !öˆÏò≈¢ xö%ÎyÎ˚# !ö¡¨!°!áï˛ ≤ß¿à%!°Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ É
(a) ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ò%!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ É 2×2=4

F 2x + 1 2 I 2 -~Ó˚ x Ó!ç≈ï˛ ˛õò!ê˛ !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–

[i]
H 3x K
1 w w2
[ii] !Óhfl,Ï!ï˛ öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ w w2 1 !öî≈yÎ˚ܲ!ê˛Ó˚ üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
w2 1 w

[iii] ò%!ê˛ âê˛öy A ~ÓÇ B ≤Ãò_ xyˆÏåÈ ÙÈ

af
P A =
1
3
af 1
4
1
a f
, P B = , P A ∪ B = •ˆÏ° P B ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ üyö ܲï˛⁄
2 A
FH IK
í˛z_Ó˚– [i] üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ !Óhfl,Ï!ï˛ˆÏï˛ x Ó!ç≈ï˛ ˛õò!ê˛ (r + 1) ï˛ü ˛õò–

a f F 12 I r
H 3x K
9−r
r ⋅ 2x ⋅
9c
∴ tr + 1 =

1 1
= ⋅ 2 9 − r ⋅ x 9 − r ⋅ r ⋅ 2r
9c
r 3 x
9 − r ⋅ 1 ⋅ x 9 − 3r
= cr ⋅ 2
9
3r
9 − 3 r
∴x = xº
∴ 9 – 3r = 0 or, 3r = 9 or, r = 3
∴ x Ó!ç≈ï˛ ˛õò!ê˛ •° ã˛ï%˛Ì≈ ˛õò
1
~ÓÇ ˛õò!ê˛Ó˚ üyö = 9 c3 ⋅ 2 9 − 3 ⋅ 3
3
9! 1
= ⋅ 26 ⋅ 3
3! 6 ! 3
4
9/ ⋅ 8/⋅ 7 2 6 1792
= × =
/
3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 27/ / 9
3
[ii] 1 w w2
w w2 1
w2 1 w

= 1+ w + w
2 w w2 c1′ = c1 + c2 + c3
1 + w + w2 w2 1
1 + w + w2 1 w

= 0 w w2
0 w2 1
0 1 w [ 3 w, 1ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ xÓyhflÏÓ âöü)°–
∴ 1 + w + w2 = 0 ]È
=0 [ 3 c1ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §ühflÏ ˛õˆÏòÓ˚ üyö 0 ]
[iii] xyüÓ˚y çy!öñ P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) – P (A ∩ B)
∴ P (A ∩ B) = P (A) + P (B) – P (A ∪ B)
1 1 1
= + −
3 4 2
4+3− 6 1
= 12 =
12

P a A ∩ Bf
∴ P FH IK = P (A)
1
B 12 1 1
= = ×3=
A 1 12 4
3

∴ PF I = .
H AK 4
B 1
 (b) ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ~ܲ!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ É 2×1=2
2 2
[i] x – y = 25 ܲ# ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ܲ!îܲ⁄ ~Ó˚ í˛z͈Ïܲwï˛y !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
[ii] ~ܲ!ê˛ x!ôÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ öy!û˛Ó˚ fiÌyöyAܲ (4, 0) ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚ !öÎ˚yüˆÏܲÓ˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î x = y, x!ôÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
í˛z_Ó˚– [i] x2 – y2 = 25
ÈÙÙÙÙÈܲ!îܲ!ê˛ §ü˛õÓ˚yÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î– Y
∴ í˛z͈Ïܲwï˛y = 2 .
x=y
[ii] ô!Ó˚ñ P (x, y) x!ôÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy !Ó®%–

SP = a x − 4 f2 + a y − 0 f2 M
P (x, y)
x −y x−y X′ X
PM = ± = ± O
12 + −1a f 2 √2

x!ôÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏeñ SP = PM
∴ a x − 4f2 + ay − 0f2 = ± x√−2y Y′

2
or, (x – 4) + y =
a x − yf 2
2
2
x 2 − 2 xy + y 2
or, x2 – 8x + 16 + y2 = 2
or, 2x – 16x + 32 + 2y = x – 2xy + y2
2 2 2

or, x2 + y2 + 2xy – 16x + 32 = 0

∴ x!ôÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î É x2 + y2 + 2xy – 16x + 32 = 0.
(c) ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ~ܲ!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ É 2 × 1= 2
[i] Î!ò f (x) = log x •Î˚ñ f (log x)ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ xhsˇÓ˚ܲ°ç !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
d2 y
[ii] Î!ò y = sin2x •Î˚ñ !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
dx 2
í˛z_Ó˚– [i] f (x) = log x
∴ f (log x) = log (log x)

∴ k
d
dx
p
f (log x ) =
d
dx m a
log log x fr
1 1
= ⋅
log x x
1
=
x log x
1
∴ f (log x)ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ xhsˇÓ˚ܲ°ç .
x log x
2
[ii] y = sin x
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
dy
dx = 2 sin x cos x = sin 2x
xyÓyÓ˚ñ í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙ~ÈÓ˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
d2y
= 2 cos 2 x
dx 2
 (d) ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ~ܲ!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ É 2×1=2

[i] üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı z x2

2 + x3
dx [ii] üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı z
−1

0
1− x
1+ x
dx

í˛z_Ó˚– [i] z x2
2 + x3
dx

=
3 z
1
z
1 dz
ô!Ó˚ñ 2 + x3 = z
∴ 3x2dx = dz
= log z + c
3
1
= log 2 + x 3 + c , ˆÎáyˆÏö c §üyܲ°ö ô%Óܲ–

z
3
1 1− x
[ii] dx
0 1+ x

= z
2 − 1+ x
1
1+ x
dx
a f
z z
0
1 2 1
= 1 + x dx − dx
0 0
1
= 2 log 1 + x − x 0
= 2 log 2 – 1 – 0 + 0
4
= log4 – log e = log e FH IK
(e) ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ~ܲ!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ ı 2×1=2
[i] px + qy + r = 0ÙÈÓ˚ xÓܲ° §ü#ܲÓ˚î !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
d2y dy
[ii] = 1+ ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ܲü Ä âyï˛ !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
dx 2 dx
í˛z_Ó˚– [i] px + qy + r = 0
or, qy = – px – r
p r
or, y = − q x − q
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
dy p
=− q
dx
xyÓyÓ˚ñ í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ« xÈÙ˛~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
d2y
= 0 È ÙÙÙÙÈ•z•y•z !öˆÏî≈Î˚ xÓܲ° §ü#ܲÓ˚î–
dx 2
d2y dy
[ii] 2
= 1+
dx dx

F
or, G
d2 yI
J
2
dy
H dx K
2
=1+
dx
ܲü = 2, È âyï˛ = 2
 (f) ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy !ï˛ö!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ É 2×3=6
3 2
[i] ˆòáyÄ ˆÎ x – 3x + 9x – 5 xˆÏ˛õ«˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ã˛Ó˚ü Óy xÓü üyö ˆö•z–
[ii] ˆÎyàú˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ §#üyÓ˚)ˆÏ˛õ !ö!ò≈T˛ §üyܲˆÏ°Ó˚ §ÇK˛y òyÄ–
[iii] xy = c2 ˛õÓ˚yÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ IJõÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yö‰ !Ó®%ˆÏï˛ ï˛yÓ˚ x!û˛°¡∫ x + t2y = 2c §Ó˚°ˆÏÓ˚áyÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ °¡∫ •ˆÏÓ⁄
t
[iv] s = •ˆÏ° sÈÙÈ~Ó˚ tÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏöÓ˚ •yÓ˚ !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y Îáö t = 3.
t +1
[v] §Ó˚°ˆÏÓ˚áyÓ˚ ã˛°üyö ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ӛܲîyÓ˚ à!ï˛Ó˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î x = 16x + 5t2 •ˆÏ° ˆòáyÄ ˆÎ ܲîy!ê˛ §Ó≈òy §ücÓ˚ˆÏî
ã˛°üyö •ˆÏÓ–
í˛z_Ó˚– [i] ô!Ó˚ñ y = x3 – 3x2 + 9x – 5
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
dy
3x2È – 6x + 9
dx =
= 3 (x2 – 2x + 3)
= 3 (x2 – 2x + 1 + 2)
= 3 {(x – 1)2 + 2}
dy
xÈÙ~Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ÓyhflÏÓ üyˆÏöÓ˚ çöƒ = 0 S¢)öƒV •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öy–
dx
∴ ≤Ãò_ xˆÏ˛õ«˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ã˛Ó˚ü Óy xÓü üyö ˆö•z–
[ii] üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ a ≤ x ≤ b §§#ü !ÓhflÏyˆÏÓ˚ f (x) ~ܲ!ê˛ §ÇK˛yï˛ñ
~ܲüyö !Ó!¢T˛ Ä §#üyÓÂô xˆÏ˛õ«˛Ü˛– ~áöñ a, a + h, a + 2h, ...., a + (n – 1) h, a + nh !Ó®%à%!° myÓ˚y a ≤ xÈ ≤ b
!ÓhflÏyÓ˚ˆÏܲ ≤ÈÏï˛ƒÜ˛!ê˛ h ˜òˆÏâ≈ƒÓ˚ nÈÙȧÇáƒÜ˛ í˛z˛õ!ÓhflÏyˆÏÓ˚ !Óû˛=˛ ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏ°ñ a + nh = b Óyñ nh = b – a •ˆÏÓ–

ï˛y•ˆÏ°ñ lim h
h→ 0
n −1
∑ f aa + rhf =
r=0
za
b
af
f x dx

ˆÎáyˆÏöñ b-ˆÜ˛ §üyܲˆÏ°Ó˚ |ôù≈§#üy Ä

a-ˆÜ˛ §üyܲˆÏ°Ó˚ !ö¡¨§#üy ӈϰ–
[iii] üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ !öˆÏî≈Î˚ !Ó®% (x1, y1)
xy = c2
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
dy
y + x⋅=0
dx

Óyñ dy
dx
y
=− x

LM dy OP = − xy
∴
N dx Qc x , y h
1
1
1 1

∴ L
− dy O x
NM dx QPc x , y h y
= 1

1
1 1

x
∴ (x1, y1) !Ó®%ˆÏï˛ x!û˛°ˆÏ¡∫Ó˚ ≤ÃÓîï˛y = y1
1

1
x + t2y = 2c §Ó˚°ˆÏÓ˚áyÓ˚ ≤ÃÓîï˛y = − 2 .
t
 FH IK
∴ x1 − 12 = − 1
y1 t
or, x1 = y1t2
xyÓyÓ˚ñ x1y1 = c2
or, y12t2 = c2
or, y1t = ± c
c
or, y1 = ± t
c
y1 = t •ˆÏ°ñ x1 = ct
c
y1 = − •ˆÏ°ñ x1 = – ct
t
FH
c
∴ !öˆÏî≈Î˚ !Ó®%Ó˚ fiÌyöyAܲ ct, t IK Óyñ FH − ct, − ct IK
t
[iv] s =
t +1
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ tÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
1
t +1 .1 − t ⋅
ds 2 t +1
dt = t +1
a f
2 t +1 − t t+2
=
a f
2 t +1 t +1
=
2 t +1 t +1 a f
LM dsdt OP = 3+2
N Qt = 3
5
∴ 2.4.2 = 16
5
∴ Îáö t = 3, ~áö tÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ sÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏöÓ˚ •yÓ˚ 16 .
[v] x = 16t + 5t2
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ tÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ° ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
dx
v= = 16 + 10t
dt
xyÓyÓ˚ñ í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ tÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•ñz
d2x
f = 2 = 10 = ô%Óܲ–
dt
∴ ܲîy!ê˛ §Ó≈òy §ücÓ˚ˆÏî ã˛°üyö •ˆÏÓ–
!Óû˛yàÈÙÙÙÙÈÚàÛ
3. !öˆÏò≈¢ xö%ÎyÎ˚# !ö¡¨!°!áï˛ ≤ß¿à%!°Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ É
(a) ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ò%!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ ı 4×2=8
[i] 4 çö ü!•°y ~ÓÇ 7 çö ˛õ%Ó˚%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ 6 çˆÏöÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ Ü˛yÎ≈!öÓ≈y•Ü˛ ܲ!ü!ê˛ àë˛ö ܲÓ˚y •Î˚– ܲ!ü!ê˛ˆÏï˛ [i] !ë˛Ü˛ ò%•z
çö ü!•°y §ò§ƒ ÌyܲyÓ˚ [ii] ܲü˛õˆÏ«˛ ò%•z çö ü!•°y §ò§ƒ ÌyܲyÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓöy !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
1 1 1 1 n
[ii] ày!î!ï˛Ü˛ xyˆÏÓ˚y• ï˛ˆÏ_¥Ó˚ §y•yˆÏ΃ ≤Ãüyî ܲˆÏÓ˚y ˆÎ + +
2.5 5.8 8.11
+ ...... +
a fa
3 n − 1 3n + 2 f
=
6n + 4
ˆÎáyˆÏö n ~ܲ!ê˛ ˛õ)î≈ §Çáƒy ~ÓÇ n ≥ 1.
[iii] ܲüyˆÏAܲÓ˚ ˛õÂô!ï˛ˆÏï˛ §üyôyö ܲˆÏÓ˚y É
3x + y + z = 10
x+y–z=0
5x – 9y = 1
í˛z_Ó˚– [i] 4 çö ü!•°y Ä 7 çö ˛õ%Ó˚%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ 6 çö !öÓ≈yã˛ö ܲÓ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ 11 C 6 í˛z˛õyˆÏÎ˚–
ܲ!ü!ê˛ˆÏï˛ !ë˛Ü˛ 2 çö ü!•°y ÌyܲˆÏ° ˛õ%Ó˚%£Ï ÌyܲˆÏÓ !ë˛Ü˛ 4 çö–
∴ 4 çö ü!•°y ˆÌˆÏܲ 2 çö ~ÓÇ 7 çö ˛õ%Ó˚%£Ï ˆÌˆÏܲ 4 çö !öÓ≈yã˛ö ܲÓ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ 4 C 2 × 7C 4 í˛z˛õyˆÏÎ˚–
∴ !ë˛Ü˛ 2 çö ü!•°y §ò§ƒ ÌyܲyÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓöy

2×
4C 7C
4
= 11 C
6
4! 7! 6! 5!
= × ×
2 !2 ! 4 !3! 11!
1 7/ !/ 6/ ⋅ 4/ ⋅ 5 ⋅ 3/ !/ × 5/ ⋅ 4/ ⋅ 3/ ⋅ 2/
= / × // × / /⋅ 9/⋅ 8/ ⋅ 7/ !/
4 3! 11 ⋅ 10
2/ 3/
5
= 11 .

3 çö ü!•°y Ä 3 çö ˛õ%Ó˚%£Ï !öÓ≈yã˛ö ܲÓ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ 4 C 3 × 7C

3 í˛z˛õyˆÏÎ˚
4 ññ ññ Ä 2 ññ ññ ññ ññ ññ 4 C 4 × 7C
2 í˛z˛õyˆÏÎ˚
∴ 6 çˆÏöÓ˚ ܲ!ü!ê˛ˆÏï˛ Ü˛ü˛õˆÏ«˛ 2 çö ü!•°y §ò§ƒ ÌyܲˆÏÓ
~áö ܲ!ü!ê˛Ó˚ §Çáƒy = 4 C 2 × 7C 4 + 4 C 3 × 7C 3 + 4 C 4 × 7C 2
4/ !/ 7! 4/ !/ 7! 4/ !/ 7!
= 2 !2 ! × 4/ !/ 3! + 3!1! × 4/ !/ 3! + 0 ! 4/ !/ × 5!2 !
7 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 4/ 7 ⋅ 6/ ⋅ 5 ⋅ 4 7 ⋅ 6
= + +
4/ 3/ ⋅ 2/ ⋅ 1 2
= 210 + 140 + 21
= 371
∴ 6 çˆÏöÓ˚ ܲ!ü!ê˛ˆÏï˛ Ü˛ü˛õˆÏ«˛ 2 çö ü!•°y §ò§ƒ ÌyܲyÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓöy
371 371
= 11 = 11!
C6
6! × 5!
53
/ / / × 5/ ⋅ 4/ ⋅ 3/ ⋅ 2/ ⋅ 1 53
371
= / /⋅ 9/⋅ 8/ ⋅ 7/ = 66 .
11 ⋅ 10
2 3

[ii] üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ P (n) : 1 + 1 + 1 + ...... +

a3n − 1fa3n + 2f = 6n + 4
1 n
2.5 5.8 811
.
n = 1 •ˆÏ°ñ
1 1
Óyü˛õ«˛ = 2 ⋅ 5 = 10
1 1
í˛yö˛õ«˛ = 6 ⋅1 + 4 = 10
∴ n = 1 •ˆÏ°ñ P (n) §ï˛ƒ
ô!Ó˚ñ n = m •ˆÏ°ñ P (n) §ï˛ƒ
1 1 1 1 m
∴ P (m) : + +
2 ⋅ 5 5 ⋅ 8 8 ⋅ 11
+ .... +
a
3m − 1 3m + 2
=
6 mfa
+4 f
 ~áöñ n = m + 1 •ˆÏ°
1 1 1 1 1
P (m + 1) : + +
2 ⋅ 5 5 ⋅ 8 8 ⋅ 11
+ .... +
a fa
3m − 1 3m + 2
+
f a
3m + 2 3m + 5 fa f
m 1
= 6m + 4 +
a fa f
3m + 2 3m + 5
3m 2 + 5m + 2
2 a3m + 2fa3m + 5f
=

3m 2 + 3m + 2 m + 2
2 a3m + 2fa3m + 5f
=

3m am + 1f + 2 a m + 1f
2 a3m + 2fa3m + 5f
=

am + 1fa3m + 2f
2 a3m + 2fa3m + 5f
=

m +1 m +1
= 6 m + 10 =
a
6 m +1 + 4 f
∴ n = m + 1 •ˆÏ° P (m + 1) §ï˛ƒ–

∴ ày!î!ï˛Ü˛ xyˆÏÓ˚y•î ï˛_¥ xö%§yˆÏÓ˚ñ P (n) §ï˛ƒ ˆÎáyˆÏö n ~ܲ!ê˛ ˛õ)î≈§Çáƒy ~ÓÇ n ≥ 1.
[iii] CramerÈÙÈ~Ó˚ !öÎ˚ˆÏüÓ˚ §y•yˆÏ΃ xyüÓ˚y çy!öñ
∆ ∆ ∆
x = 1, y= 2 , z = 3
∆ ∆ ∆
ˆÎáyˆÏöñ ∆ = 3 1 1 = 3 (0 – 9) – 1 (0 + 5) + 1 (–9 – 5)
1 1 −1 = – 27 – 5 – 14
5 −9 0 = – 46

` ∆1 = 10 1 1 = 10 (0 – 9) – 1 (0 + 1) + 1 (0 – 1)
0 1 −1 = – 90 – 1 – 1
1 −9 0 = – 92

` ∆2 = 3 10 1 = 3 (0 + 1) – 10 (0 + 5) + 1 (1 – 0)
1 0 −1 = 3 – 50 + 1
5 1 0 = – 46

` ~ÓÇ ∆3 = 3 1 10 = 3 (1 + 0) – 1 (1 – 0) + 10 (– 9 – 5)
1 1 0 = 3 – 1 – 140
5 −9 1 = – 138

− 92 − 46 −138
∴ x= = 2 , y = − 46 = 1, z = − 46 = 3
− 46
∴ !öˆÏî≈Î˚ §üyôyö É x = 2
y=1
z=3
}
 (b) ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ò%!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ ı 4×2=8
[i] y2 = 4ax x!ôÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ xÓ!fiÌï˛ d at12 , 2 at1 i ~ÓÇ d at 22 , 2 at 2 i !Ó®% ò%!ê˛Ó˚ §ÇˆÏÎyçܲ çƒyÈÙÈÓ˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î !öî≈Î˚
ܲˆÏÓ˚y– Î!ò çƒyÈÙÈ!ê˛ x!ôÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ öy!û˛ !òˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚ñ ï˛ˆÏÓ ˆòáyÄ ˆÎñ t1t2 = – 1.
[ii]
x 2 y2
a 2 b
d i
+ 2 = 1 a 2 > b 2 í˛z˛õÓ,ˆÏ_Ók˚ öy!û˛àyü# ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy çƒyÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ò%!ê˛ !Ó®%Ó˚ í˛z͈Ïܲ!wܲ ˆÜ˛yî ÎÌyܲˆÏü θ ~ÓÇ φ
φ
•ˆÏ° ≤Ãüyî ܲˆÏÓ˚y 11 −+ ee + tan θ2 tan 2 = 0 .
5
[iii] ~ܲ!ê˛ ˛õÓ˚yÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ öy!û˛mˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ fiÌyöyAܲ ÎÌyܲˆÏü (2, – 3) ~ÓÇ (2, 5) ó í˛z͈Ïܲwï˛y –
4
˛õÓ˚yÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
d i d i
í˛z_Ó˚– [i] at12 , 2 at1 Ä at22 , 2 at2 !Ó®% ò%!ê˛Ó˚ §ÇˆÏÎyçܲ çƒyÈÙÈÓ˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î •°ÈÙÙÙÙÈ
y − 2 at1 x − at 2
= 2 12
2 at1 − 2 at2 at − at
1 2

y − 2 at1 x − at12
or,
b
2 a t1 − t2
=
g b
a t1 + t2 t1 − t2 gb g
y − 2 at1 x − at12
or, = ........[i]
2 t1 + t2
y2 = 4ax x!ôÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ öy!û˛Ó˚ fiÌyöyAܲ (a, 0).
[i] öÇ §ü#ܲÓ˚î!ê˛ (a, 0) !Ó®%àyü#
0 − 2 at1 a − at12
∴ =
2 t1 + t2

or, − at
a/ 1 − t12
/ 1= t +t
d i
1 2
or, − t12 − t1t2 = 1 − t12
or, − t1t2 = + 1 or, t1t 2 = − 1 S≤Ãüy!îï˛V

[ii]
x 2 y2
+
a2 b2
d
= 1 a2 > b 2 i í˛z˛õÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ öy!û˛àyü# ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy çƒyÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ò%!ê˛ !Ó®%Ó˚ í˛z͈Ïܲ!wܲ ˆÜ˛yî θ ~ÓÇ φ.
ò%!ê˛ !Ó®%Ó˚ í˛z͈Ïܲ!wܲ ˆÜ˛yî θ ~ÓÇ φ
∴ !Ó®% ò%!ê˛Ó˚ fiÌyöyAܲ ÎÌyܲˆÏü (a cos θ, b sin θ) ~ÓÇ (a cos φ, b sin φ)
y − b sin θ x − a cos θ
∴ çƒy!ê˛Ó˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î b sin θ − b sin φ = a cos θ − a cos φ ...........[i]

x 2 y2
+ = 1 í˛z˛õÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ öy!û˛Ó˚ fiÌyöyAܲ (ae, 0)ñ ˆÎáyˆÏö e •° í˛z˛õÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ í˛z͈Ïܲwï˛y
a2 b2
[i] öÇ §ü#ܲÓ˚î (ae, 0) !Ó®%àyü#ñ
0 − b sin θ ae − a cos θ
∴
a
b sin θ − sin φ
=
f a
a cos θ − cos φ f
−/ sin θ e − cos θ
or, =
θ+φ θ−φ θ+φ θ−φ
2/ cos sin −/ 2/ sin sin
2 2 2 2
 θ+φ θ+φ θ+φ
or, e cos − cos θ cos = sin θ sin
2 2 2
θ+φ θ+φ θ+φ
or, e cos = cos θ cos + sin θ sin
2 2 2
θ+φ F
θ+φ I
θ−φ F I
or, e cos 2
= cos θ −
H
2
= cos
K2 H K
θ−φ
cos
or, e = 2
θ+φ
cos
2
θ+φ θ−φ
1 − e cos 2 − cos 2
or, =
1+ e θ+φ θ−φ
cos + cos
2 2
θ φ
1 − e − 2 sin sin
or, = 2 2
1+ e θ φ
2 cos cos
2 2
1− e θ φ
or, = − tan tan
1+ e 2 2
φ
or, 1 − e + tan θ tan = 0 S≤Ãüy!îï˛V
1+ e 2 2
[iii]
Y

(2, 5)

(2, 1)
X′ X
(2, –3)

Y′

ˆÎˆÏ•ï%˛ñ öy!û˛mˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ fiÌyöyAܲ (2, – 3) Ä (2, 5) ó xï˛~Óñ ˛õÓ˚yÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ !ï˛Î≈ܲ x«˛ yÙxˆÏ«˛Ó˚ §üyhsˇÓ˚y°–
öy!û˛mˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ò)Ó˚c = 2ae =a2 − 2f2 + a5 + 3f2 = 8
or, ae = 4 Se = í˛z͈Ïܲwï˛yV
5
or, a ⋅ = 4
FH3e = 54 IK
4
16
or, a =
5
2
xyüÓ˚y çy!öñ e2 = 1 + b 2
a
b 2
or, = e −1
2
a2
 d i
or, b 2 = a 2 e 2 − 1
16 × 16 F 25 I
5 × 5 H 16 K
= ⋅ −1
// 9
16 × 16 144
= 5 5 × 16
/ / = 25
×
FH
˛õÓ˚yÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ ˆÜ˛ˆÏwÓ˚ fiÌyöyAܲ 2 +2 2 , 5 −2 3 = 2, 1 IK a f
∴ ˛õÓ˚yÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î É
ay − 1f2 − a x − 2f2 = 1
256 144
25 25

Óyñ
a f
25 y − 1 2 25 x − 2 2
− = 1.
a f
256 144
(c) ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ò%!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ ı 4×2=8
LM n + 1 + n + 2 + ... + 2n OP
MN PQ
[i] üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı nlim
→α
n3

[ii] ≤Ãüyî ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı z π

2 dx 1
= log 2
4 + 5 cos x 3

za
0

[iii] üyö ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı 2x + 1 f 12 + 12 x − 9 x 2 dx

LM n + 1 + n + 2 + ..... + 2 n OP
MN PQ
í˛z_Ó˚– [i] lim
n→∝
n3

= lim
1
LM n +1 n+2 n+n OP
N + + ..... +
Q
n
n→∝
n n n

1 n
n+r
∑
lim
= n→∝n
n
r=1

1 n
∑ r
lim
= n→∝n 1+ n
r=1

z
n
= n→∝
lim h
∑ 1 + rh a3nh = 1f =
1
0
1 + x dx
r=1

LM 1 1O
1

= M a1 + xf1 + 2 PP
MN1 + 2
1
PQ0
2F I 2
= G 2 2 − 1J = 3 d2 i
3
2 −1 .
3H K
 [ii] z
0
π
2 dx
4 + 5 cos x

= z
0
π
2

4+5⋅
x
2
dx
1 − tan 2
x
1 + tan 2
2

FH1 + tan 2 2x IK dx
z zπ x
π dxsec 2
2 2 2
= = x
0 x x 0
9 − tan 2
4 + 4 tan 2 + 5 − 5 tan 2 2
2 2

= z
09−z
1
2 dz
2 = 2
1 dz
0 32 − z 2 z ô!Ó˚ñ tan 2x = z
1 x
∴ sec 2 dx = dz
2 3+ zLM OP1 2 2
=
2 ⋅3
log
3− z N Q0 x 0 π2
1 1 z 0 1
= 3 log 2 − 3 log 1

1
= 3 log 2 S≤Ãüy!îï˛V

[iii] za 2x + 1 f 12 + 12 x − 9 x 2 dx

= −
1
za f
−18 x − 9 12 + 12 x − 9 x 2 dx

za
9
= −
1
f
12 − 18 x − 21 12 + 12 x − 9 x 2 dx

za z
9

= −
1
9
f
12 − 18 x 12 + 12 x − 9 x 2 dx +
21
9
12 + 12 x − 9 x 2 dx

z z
7
= −
1
9
12 + 12 x − 9 x 2 d
d 12 + 12 x − 9x2 i +
//
21
9/
× 3/
4 4x
3
+
3
− x 2 dx
3/

= −1
9 1+
1 d12 + 12 x − 9 x 2 i 2 + 7
1

2
1+
1
F 4I 2 F
− x − I dx + c1
H 3K H 3K
2 2
z
LMe x − 23 j 4 + 4x − x2
x−2
OP
e
3

=
− 2 12 + 12 x − 9 x
27
2 2
+7 j MM 3
2
3 16
+ sin
18
−1
4
3 +c
PP
N 3 Q
LM F x − 2 I OP
MM H 3 K
4 4x
+ − x2
2
a 3
= − 27 12 + 12 x − 9 x 2 + 7 f 3 3
2
8
+ sin −1
9
3x − 2
4 PP
+ c SˆÎáyˆÏö c §üyܲ°ö ô%ÓܲV
MN PQ
 (d) ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ò%!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ É 4×2=8
d2y dy
[i] §üyôyö ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı 2
= log x + 2 , ≤Ãò_ xyˆÏåÈ y = 0, =0 Îáö x = 1
dx dx
[ii] §üyôyö ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı (ey + 1) x dx = (x + 1) ey dy.
[iii] ç#Óyî% !öˆÏÎ˚ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ~ܲ àˆÏÓ£ÏîyÎ˚ ˆòáy ÎyÎ˚ ˆÎ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy §üˆÏÎ˚ ç#Óyî%Ó˚ §Çáƒy ˆÎ •yˆÏÓ˚ Ó,!Âô ˛õyÎ˚ ï˛y ˙ §üˆÏÎ˚
ç#Óyî%Ó˚ §ÇáƒyÓ˚ âöü)ˆÏ°Ó˚ §üyö%˛õy!ï˛Ü˛– Î!ò !ï˛ö â^ˇê˛yÎ˚ ç#Óyî%Ó˚ §Çáƒy xyê˛à%î •Î˚ñ ï˛ˆÏÓ Ü˛ï˛ §üˆÏÎ˚ ˙ §Çáƒy
64 à%î •ˆÏÓ⁄
2
í˛z_Ó˚– [i] d 2y = log x + 2
dx
F dy I = alog x + 2f dx
or, d
H dx K
∴ z H dx K
dy
z z
d F I = log x dx + 2 dx

∴
dy
dx z z z
= log x dx − dx + 2 dx
dy
or, = x log x − x + 2 x + c1
dx
dy
or, = x log x + x + c1
dx
dy
≤Ãò_ = 0 Îáö x = 1
dx
∴ 0 = log 1 + 1 + c1 or, c1 = –1
dy
∴ = x log x + x − 1
dx

z z z z
or, dy = x log x dx + x dx – dx
∴ dy = x log x dx + x dx − dx

x2 x2 x2
∴ y= log x − + − x + c2
2 4 2
x2 x2
or, y = 2 log x + 4 − x + c2
≤Ãò_ y = 0, Îáö x = 1
∴ 0=
1 log1+ 1 −1+c
2 4 2
1 3
∴ c2 = 1 − =
4 4
x2 x2 3
∴ y= log x + −x+
2 4 4

d i a f
[ii] e y + 1 xdx = x + 1 e y dy
xdx e y dy
or, = y
x +1 e +1
 or, z z
xdx
x +1
=
e y dy
ey + 1

or, z z z
dx −
dx
x +1
e y dy
= y
e +1
or, x − log x + 1 = log e y + 1 + log c

FG e x IJ = log c de y + 1i
or, log
H x + 1K
= c de y + 1i
ex
∴
x +1

∴ e 2 x = c 2 de y + 1i a x + 1f
2 2

[iii] üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ ç#Óyî%Ó˚ §Çáƒy = G ~ÓÇ §üÎ˚ t

~ÓÇ ô!Ó˚ ≤Ã̈Ïü ç#Óyî%Ó˚ §Çáƒy = g
1
≤ß¿yö%ÎyÎ˚#ñ ddtG α G 3
1
dG
∴ = kG 3
dt
dG
∴ 1 = K dt
G3

z z
8g
dG 3
∴ = kdt
1 0
g G3

3 2 3 8g
or, G = kt 30
2 g

or,
3
2 {a f
2 2
8g 3 − g 3 = 3k }
or,
3
2
2
{ 2
4 g 3 − g 3 = 3k } or,
3 23
2
g =k

∴
dG = 3 g 2 3 dt
G3 2
1

z z
64g
∴ dG 3 2 3 t
= g dt
G
1
3 2 0
g

or,
3 2 3 64 g 3 2 3
2
G
g
= g t
2
or,
3
2e 2 2
j 3 2
16 g 3 − g 3 = g 3 t
2
3 2 3 2
or, . 15g 3 = g 3t or, t = 15
2 2
∴ 15 â^ˇê˛yÎ˚ ç#Óyî%Ó˚ §Çáƒy 64 à%î •ˆÏÓ–
 (e) ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ã˛yÓ˚!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ É 4 × 4 = 16
[i] í˛z°¡∫ x«˛Î%=˛ ç°˛õ)î≈ ~ܲ!ê˛ ¢AÜ%˛ xyÜ,˛!ï˛Ó˚ ˛õye ˆÌˆÏܲ ≤Ã!ï˛ !ü!öˆÏê˛ 88 âö!üê˛yÓ˚ !ö!ò≈T˛ •yˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy¡õ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ç° ÓyÓ˚
ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏFåÈ– ¢AÜ%˛Ó˚ xô≈¢#£Ï≈ ˆÜ˛yî 45º •ˆÏ° Îáö ç°hflψÏΩ˛Ó˚ àû˛#Ó˚ï˛y 2 !üê˛yÓ˚ ï˛áö ç°hflψÏΩ˛Ó˚ xÓöüˆÏöÓ˚ •yÓ˚ !öî≈Î˚
ܲˆÏÓy˚ –
x2 y2
[ii] Î!ò x cos α + y sin α = p §Ó˚°ˆÏÓ˚áy!ê˛ + = 1 í˛z˛õÓ,_!ê˛Ó˚ flõ¢≈ ܲˆÏÓ˚ñ ≤Ãüyî ܲˆÏÓ˚y
a2 b2
a2 cos2 α + b2 sin2 α = p2–
[iii] ≤Ãüyî ܲˆÏÓ˚y ˆÎñ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ≤Ãò_ Ó,ˆÏ_Ó˚ !û˛ï˛Ó˚ §Ó≈Ó,•Í ˆÎ xyÎ˚ï˛ˆÏ«˛e xhsˇ!°≈!áï˛ Ü˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ ï˛y ~ܲ!ê˛ Óà≈ˆÏ«˛e–
[iv] ~ܲ!ê˛ á§í˛¸y !ã˛ˆÏe y2 = 4ax ~ÓÇ x2 = 4ay x!ôÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ xhsˇà≈ï˛ ˆ«˛e!ê˛ !ã˛!•´ï˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚y ~ÓÇ §üyܲ°ˆÏöÓ˚ §y•yˆÏ΃
ï˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛eú˛° !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
[v] §Ó˚°Ó˚ˆÏáyÎ˚ à!ï˛¢#° ~ܲ!ê˛ Ó›Ü˛îyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe v2 = u2 + 2fs §)e!ê˛ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚y– S!ã˛•´à%ˆÏ°y ≤Ãã˛!°ï˛ xÌ≈ Ó•ö ܲˆÏÓ˚V–
[vi] §Ó˚°ˆÏÓ˚áyÓ˚ §ücÓ˚ˆÏî ã˛°üyö ~ܲ!ê˛ Ü˛îyÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚˛õÓ˚ !ï˛ö!ê˛ xÓܲy¢ t1, t2 ~ÓÇ t3ÙÈ~Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ˆÓà v1, v2 ~ÓÇ v3 •ˆÏ°
v −v t +t
≤Ãüyî ܲˆÏÓ˚y ˆÎ v2 − v1 = t1 + t2 –
3 2 2 3
[vii] ~ܲ!ê˛ hflψÏΩ˛Ó˚ ¢#£Ï≈ˆÏò¢ ˆÌˆÏܲ xÓyˆÏô ˛õï˛ö¢#° ~ܲ!ê˛ ˛õyÌÓ˚á[˛ Îáö x !üê˛yÓ˚ ˆöˆÏüˆÏåÈñ ï˛áö hflψÏΩ˛Ó˚ ¢#£Ï≈ˆÏò¢ ˆÌˆÏܲ
y !üê˛yÓ˚ ö#ˆÏã˛Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ fiÌyö ˆÌˆÏܲ x˛õÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ ˛õyÌÓ˚á[˛ xÓyˆÏô ö#ˆÏã˛Ó˚ !òˆÏܲ ˆåȈÏí˛¸ ˆòÄÎ˚y •Î˚– Î!ò ˆ§à%!° !fiÌÓ˚yÓfiÌy

ˆÌˆÏܲ ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ~ÓÇ í˛zû˛ˆÏÎ˚ ~ܲ•z §ˆÏAà üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õÔÑåÈyÎ˚ñ ï˛ˆÏÓ ˆòáyÄ ˆÎ hflψÏΩ˛Ó˚ í˛zFã˛ï˛y
ax + yf2 !üê˛yÓ˚–
4x
í˛z_Ó˚– [i] üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ ¢AÜ%˛ xyÜ,˛!ï˛Ó˚ ˛õyˆÏeÓ˚ Óƒy§yô≈ r !üê˛yÓ˚
~ÓÇ í˛zFã˛ï˛y h !üê˛yÓ˚
h
∴ r = cot 45º = 1
∴ r=h
1 1
a
¢AÜ%˛Ó˚ xyÎ˚ï˛ö = 3 πr 2 h = 3 πh 3 3r = h f h 45º

1
v = 3 πh 3
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ t ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
dv 1 dh
= π.3/ h 2 .
dt 3/ dt
22 dh LM3 dvdt = 88 ~ÓÇ h = 2 OP
or, 88 =
7
× 22 ×
dt N Q
dh 88 × 7
or,=
dt 22 × 2 2 = 7
∴ Îáö çˆÏ°Ó˚ àû˛#Ó˚ï˛y 2 !üê˛yÓ˚ ï˛áö ç°hflψÏΩ˛Ó˚ xÓöüˆÏöÓ˚ •yÓ˚ 7 !üê˛yÓ˚‡!ü!öê˛–
2 y2
[ii] x + =1
a2 b2
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
2 x 2 y dy
+ ⋅ =0
a 2 b 2 dx
dy 2 x b 2 − b2 x
or, =− 2 × =
dx a 2y a2 y
 LM dy OP = − b22 x1
∴
N dx Qb x , y g a y1
1 1
[ (x1, y1) í˛z˛õÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy !Ó®% ]

∴ (x1, y1) !Ó®%ˆÏï˛ í˛z˛õÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ flõ¢≈ˆÏܲÓ˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î

b2 x
y − y1 = − 2 1 x − x1
a y1
b g
or, a y y1 – a y1 = – b2x x1 + b2x12
2 2 2

or, b2x x1 + a2y y1 = a2y12 + b2x12

LM3 x12 + y12 = 1OP
or, b2x x1 + a2y y1 = a2b2........... [i] MN a2 b2 PQ
xyÓyÓ˚ñ x cos α + y sin α = p §Ó˚°ˆÏÓ˚áy!ê˛ í˛z˛õÓ,_ˆÏܲ flõ¢≈ ܲˆÏÓ˚–
b 2 x1 a 2 y1 a 2 b 2
∴ = =
cos α sin α p
a 2 cos α b 2 sin α
∴ x1 = p ~ÓÇ y1 = p
3 (x1, y1) í˛z˛õÓ,ˆÏ_Ó˚ í˛z˛õ!Ó˚!fiÌï˛ !Ó®%

∴ a cos α + b sin α = 1
4 2 4 2

p2 a 2 p2b2
or, a2cos2α + b2sin2α = p2 S≤Ãüy!îï˛V
Y
[iii] üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ Ó,ˆÏ_Ó˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î x2 + y2 = a2 ñ
ˆÎáyˆÏö a Ó,ˆÏ_Ó˚ Óƒy§yô≈
üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ (x, y) Ó,ˆÏ_Ó˚ í˛z˛õ!Ó˚!fiÌï˛ ˆÜ˛yö !Ó®%– (x, y)
∴ Ó,ˆÏ_Ó˚ !û˛ï˛Ó˚ xyÎ˚ï˛ˆÏ«˛ˆÏeÓ˚ ˜òâ≈ƒ = 2x
Ä ≤ÃfiÌ = 2y X′ o X
xyÎ˚ï˛ˆÏ«˛ˆÏeÓ˚ ˆ«˛eú˛° = A = 2x.2y = 4xy
∴ A2 = 4x2y2
P = 4x2 (a2 – x2) Sô!Ó˚ñ A2 = PV
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•z
Y′
dP
= 8x (a2 – x2) – 4x2.2x
dx
= 8xa2 – 16x3
xyÓyÓ˚ñ í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ x ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
d2P
= 8a2 – 48x2
dx 2
~áöñ P ~Ó˚ ã˛Ó˚ü Óy xÓü üyˆÏöÓ˚ çöƒñ
dP
=0
dx
or, 8xa2 – 16x3 = 0
or, 8x (a2 – 2x2) = 0
or, a2 = 2x2 [ x ≠ 0, 3 xyÎ˚ï˛ˆÏ«˛ˆÏeÓ˚ ˜òâ≈ƒ 2x ]
a
or, x= [ x }îydܲ •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öy ]
√2
 LM OP = 8a2 − 48 × a2
2
~áöñ d 2P
N dx Q x = √a2 2

= – 16a2 < 0
a
∴ x= •ˆÏ° PÙÈ~Ó˚ ã˛Ó˚ü üyö xyˆÏåÈ–
√2
a
∴ x= •ˆÏ° A2ÙÈ~Ó˚ ã˛Ó˚ü üyö xyˆÏåÈ–
√2
a
∴ x= •ˆÏ° AÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ã˛Ó˚ü üyö xyˆÏåÈ–
√2
2 2
~áö x = a •ˆÏ°ñ y2 = a 2 − a2 = a2
√2
a
∴y=
√2
∴ AÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ã˛Ó˚ü üyö xyˆÏåÈ Îáö x = y
∴ xyÎ˚ï˛ˆÏ«˛ˆÏeÓ˚ ˆ«˛eú˛° §Ó≈Ó,•Í •ˆÏ° ˆ§!ê˛ ~ܲ!ê˛ Óà≈ˆÏ«˛e •ˆÏÓ–
[iv] x2 = 4ay
x2 Y
or, y = 4 a
x2 = 4ay
y2 = 4ax
y2 = 4ax
x4 C
∴ = 4a x
16 a 2
or, x3 = 64a3 or, x = 0
X′ X
or, x = 4a O (4a, 0)
x = 0, y = 0
x = 4a, y = 4a
∴ OABCO xLjϢÓ˚ ˆ«˛eú˛° Y′

= z 4a
y dx [ ˆÎáyˆÏö y2 = 4ax ] – z 4a
y dx [ ˆÎáyˆÏö x2 = 4ay ]

z z
0 0
4a 4a x 2
= 2 a x dx − dx
0 0 4a
2 32 4a 1 1 3 4a
= 2 a. x − . x
3 0 4a 3 0

4 a 1 1
= . 8a a − . . 64 a 3
3 4a 3
32 16
= 3 a2 − 3 a2

16 a 2
= 3
16 a 2
∴ !öˆÏî≈Î˚ ˆ«˛eú˛° = 3 Óà≈~ܲܲ–
 [v] ←s→
X
O P
→
üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ OX §Ó˚°ˆÏÓ˚áyÎ˚ f §ücÓ˚ˆÏî à!ï˛¢#° ~ܲ!ê˛ Ü˛îy u ≤ÃyÓ˚!Ω˛Ü˛ ˆÓˆÏà O !Ó®% ˆÌˆÏܲ Îyey ܲˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ t §üˆÏÎ˚
ܲîy!ê˛ P !Ó®%ˆÏï˛ xyˆÏ§ñ ˆÎáyˆÏö OP = s.
ˆÎˆÏ•ï%˛ñ ܲîy!ê˛ f §ücÓ˚ˆÏî à!ï˛¢#°ñ §%ï˛Ó˚yÇ P !Ó®%ˆÏï˛ Ü˛îyÓ˚ ˆÓà v •ˆÏ°ñ ܲîyÓ˚ à!ï˛Ó˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î •Î˚
dv
dt
= f Óyñ dv ds
⋅ = f
ds dt
ds OP
Óyñ v ⋅ dv
ds
= f 3 P !Ó®%ˆÏï˛ Ü˛îyÓ˚ ˆÓà = v = dt
Q
z z
Óyñ vdv = fds
∴ v dv = f ds
2
Óyñ v2 = fs + 2c
Óyñ v2 = 2fs + c [ c = §üyܲ°ˆÏöÓ˚ ô%Óܲ ]
≤ß¿yö%ÎyÎ˚#ñ v = u Îáö s = 0
∴ u2 = c
∴ v2 = u2 + 2fs S≤Ãüy!îï˛V
[vi] üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ ܲîyÓ˚ ≤ÃyÓ˚!Ω˛Ü˛ ˆÓà u ~ÓÇ ˆ§!ê˛ f §ücÓ˚ˆÏî à!ï˛¢#°– Î!ò t1, t2 Ä t3 §üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ xÓܲy¢ ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ï ܲîyÓ˚ ˆÓà
ÎÌyܲˆÏü x, y Ä z •Î˚ñ ï˛ˆÏÓ
∴ x = u + ft1.........(1)
y = u + f (t1 + t2)......(2)
z = u + f (t1 + t2 + t3)......(3)
u+ x x+y y+z
≤ß¿yö%ÎyÎ˚#ñ v1 = 2 , v2 = 2 , v3 = 2
x+ y u+ x
v2 − v1 −
∴ = 2 2 = y −u
v3 − v2 y+z x+ y z− x
−
c h
2 2
u + f t1 + t2 − u
=
c h c
u + f t1 + t2 + t3 − u + ft1 h
f c t1 + t2 h
t ct1 + t2 + t3 − t1 h
=

t +t
= 1 2 3f ≠0 S≤Ãüy!îï˛V
t2 + t3
[vii] üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ AB hflψÏΩ˛Ó˚ ¢#£Ï≈ˆÏò¢ A ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚ í˛zFã˛ï˛y h !üê˛yÓ˚–
A ¢#£Ï≈ˆÏò¢ ˆÌˆÏܲ xÓyˆÏô ˆåȈÏí˛¸ ˆòÄÎ˚y ≤ÃÌü ˛õyÌÓ˚á[˛ Îáö C !Ó®%ˆÏï˛ xyˆÏ§ñ ï˛áö D !Ó®% ˆÌˆÏܲ !mï˛#Î˚ ˛õyÌÓ˚á[˛
xÓyˆÏô ˆåȈÏí˛¸ ˆòÄÎ˚y •Î˚–
≤ß¿yö%ÎyÎ˚#ñ AC = x, AD = y.
üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ C !Ó®%ˆÏï˛ ≤ÃÌü ˛õyÌÓ˚áˆÏ[˛Ó˚ ˆÓà u.
∴ u2 = 2gx [ 3 ˛õyÌÓ˚á[˛!ê˛ˆÏܲ A !Ó®% ˆÌˆÏܲ !fiÌÓ˚yÓfiÌyÎ˚ åÈyí˛¸y •Î˚ ]
 xyÓyÓ˚ñ ≤ß¿yö%ÎyÎ˚#ñ C !Ó®% ˆÌˆÏܲ ≤ÃÌü Ä D !Ó®% ˆÌˆÏܲ !fiÌÓ˚yÓfiÌyÎ˚ ˆåȈÏí˛¸ ˆòÄÎ˚y !mï˛#Î˚ ˛õyÌÓ˚á[˛ ~ܲ•z §ˆÏAà üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛
˛õˆÏí˛¸– í˛z=˛ xÓfiÌyö ò%!ê˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ t ˆ§ˆÏܲ[˛ §üÎ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚ ˆ§à%!° üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õÔÑåȈϰñ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ à!ï˛Ó˚ §ü#ܲÓ˚î ˆÌˆÏܲ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ñ
1 2 1
CB = ut + DB = 2 gt 2
U|
gt ~ÓÇ A
R| |UV 2
2
1 1
∴ h – x = ut + 2 gt 2 ..........[i] ∴ h − y = gt 2 ..........[2]
2 yS |WC ||
[1] ˆÌˆÏܲ [2] !ÓˆÏÎ˚yà ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•z
ut = (h – x) – (h – y) = y – x
|T D
V| h
y− x ||
W
or, t = u
t ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ üyö (2)ÈÙÈ~ Ó!§ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õy•zñ
1
h − y = ⋅g
y−x 2 1
= /
g ⋅
ay−x
2
f a f 3u 2 = 2 gx
B

2 u2 2 /
2 gx

or, h = y +
a y − xf2 = 4 xy + a y − xf2 = a x + yf2 .
4x 4x 4x

∴ hflψÏΩ˛Ó˚ í˛zFã˛ï˛y
a x + yf 2
!üê˛yÓ˚ S≤Ãüy!îï˛V–
4x

!Óû˛yàÈÙÙÙÙÈÚâÛ
4. !öˆÏò≈¢ xö%ÎyÎ˚# !ö¡¨!°!áï˛ ≤ß¿à%!°Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ É 6 × 4 = 24
{ (a) Ä (b)ÙÈ~Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ~ܲ!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ }
{ (c) Ä (d)Ù~Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ~ܲ!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ }
{ (e), (f) Ä (g)Ù~Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ò%!ê˛ ≤Èϟ¿Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ òyÄ }
(a) [i] (1 + x)32Ù~Ó˚ !Óhfl,Ï!ï˛ˆÏï˛ (3r + l) ï˛ü ˛õˆÏòÓ˚ §•à (x + 5) ï˛ü ˛õˆÏòÓ˚ §•ˆÏàÓ˚ §üyö •ˆÏ°ñ rÈÙÈ~Ó˚ üyö
!öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
[ii] n ( > 1) ôöydܲ ˛õ)î≈§Çáƒy •ˆÏ° ˆòáyÄ ˆÎ (42n + 2 – 15n – 16) §Ó≈òy•z 225 myÓ˚y !Óû˛y烖 3+3
(b) [i] ΈÏÌFåÈû˛yˆÏÓ !öÓ≈y!ã˛ï˛ ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy x!ôӈϣÏ≈ 53!ê˛ Ó˚!ÓÓyÓ˚ ÌyܲyÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓöy !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
x2 x3 2 3 1
[ii] y = 1 + x +
2!
−
3!
+ ... ... ∞ ~ÓÇ z = − y − y − y − ..... ∞ •ˆÏ° ˆòáyÄ ˆÎ x = log e 1 − e z
2 3
3+3
−1 −1 dy
(c) [i] y = e sin x ~ÓÇ z = ecos x •ˆÏ° ≤Ãüyî ܲˆÏÓ˚y ˆÎ Ù~Ó˚ üyö xÙ~Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ !öû≈˛Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ öy– 3+3
dz
[ii] xy + 1 = cos (xy) •ˆÏ°
dy
~Ó˚ üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y Îáö x = π2 , y = 0
dx
F I a f
H K
cos x dy
(d) [i] y = tan −1 1 + sin x + sin log x •ˆÏ° -~Ó˚ üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
dx

d i
3
1 + y12 2
2 2 2
[ii] x + y = a •ˆÏ° ˆòáyÄ ˆÎ = − a. 3+3
y2

(e) [i] üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı z tan x

cos 4 x
dx . [ii] üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı z 2 x dx
4 x − 2 x+ 2 + 5
. 3+3
 (f) [i] üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı z tan −1 x dx

[ii] üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı z b2 cos 2

dx
x + a 2 sin 2 x
3+3

za
π
2
sin x dx
(g) [i] üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı
0
2 − cos x 3 + cos xfa f
[ii] üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı za x dx
fd
x − 1 x2 + 4 i 3+3

z
b
(h) [i] !ö!ò≈T˛ §üyܲˆÏ°Ó˚ §ÇK˛yÓ˚ §y•yˆÏ΃ x 2 dx -~Ó˚ üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y–
a

z
π
2
sin x dx
[ii] üyö !öî≈Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚y ı 3+3
sin x + cos x
0
32
í˛z_Ó˚– (a) [i] (1 + x) !Óhfl,Ï!ï˛ˆÏï˛ (3r + 1) ï˛ü ˛õò
= t 3r + 1 = 32 C3r . x 3r
~ÓÇ (r + 5) ï˛ü ˛õò = tr + 5
r+4
a f
= t r + 4 + 1 = Cr + 4 ⋅ x
32

≤ß¿yö%ÎyÎ˚#ñ 32 C3r = 32 Cr + 4
∴ •Î˚ñ 3r = r + 4 xÌÓyñ 3r + r + 4 = 32
Óyñ 2r = 4 Óyñ 4r = 28
Óyñ r = 2 Óyñ r = 7
∴ rÈÙÈ~Ó˚ üyö 2 Óy 7.
[ii] 4 2 n + 2 − 15 n − 16
= 16 n + 1 − 15n − 16
a f
= 1 + 15 n + 1 − 15n − 16
= 1+ n + 1C 15 + n + 1C 152 + n + 1C3 153 + ...... + 15 n + 1 − 15n − 16
1 2

a f
= 1 + 15 n + 1 + 152 n + 1 C2 + n + 1C3 15 + ...... + 15n − 1 − 15n − 16

= 15 2 n + 1 C2 + n + 1C3 ⋅ 15 + ..... 15 n − 1
n +1
= 225 C2 + n + 1C3 ⋅ 15 + ..... + 15 n − 1
∴ x > 1 ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yˆÏöy ôöydܲ ˛õ)î≈§Çáƒy •ˆÏ° ≤Ãò_ Ó˚y!¢!ê˛ §Ó≈òy 225 myÓ˚y !Óû˛yçƒ •ˆÏÓ–
(b) [i] ˆÎˆÏ•ï%˛ñ x!ôӈϣÏ≈ 366 !òö ÌyˆÏܲ ~ÓÇ 366 !òˆÏö 52!ê˛ ˛õ)î≈ §Æy• Ä 2 !òö x!ï˛!Ó˚=˛ ÌyˆÏܲ–
flõT˛ï˛•zñ 52 §Æy• ˆÌˆÏܲ 52!ê˛ Ó˚!ÓÓyÓ˚ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ ÎˆÏÌFåÈû˛yˆÏÓ !öÓ≈y!ã˛ï˛ x!ôӈϣÏ≈ 53!ê˛ Ó˚!ÓÓyÓ˚ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ •ˆÏ°
x!ï˛!Ó˚=˛ ò%!ê˛ !òˆÏöÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ~ܲ!ê˛ Ó˚!ÓÓyÓ˚ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
~áöñ §ÆyˆÏ•Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚˛õÓ˚ ò%!ê˛ !òö !ö¡¨!°!áï˛ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ≤ÃܲyÓ˚ •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÙÈ
[i] Ó˚!ÓÓyÓ˚ñ ˆ§yüÓyÓ˚ [ii] ˆ§yüÓyÓ˚ñ üAà°ÓyÓ˚ [iii] üAà°ÓyÓ˚ñ Ó%ôÓyÓ˚ [iv] Ó%ôÓyÓ˚ñ Ó,•flõ!ï˛ÓyÓ˚
[v] Ó,•flõ!ï˛ÓyÓ˚ñ ¢%ܲÓyÓ˚ [vi] ¢%ܲÓyÓ˚ñ ¢!öÓyÓ˚ [vii] ¢!öÓyÓ˚ñ Ó˚!ÓÓyÓ˚
 §%ï˛Ó˚yÇñ ÚÚ§ÆyˆÏ•Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚˛õÓ˚ ò%!ê˛ !òöÛÛ öü%öy ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ xhsˇà≈ï˛ §üû˛yˆÏÓ §Ω˛yÓƒ öü%öy !Ó®%Ó˚ §Çáƒy = 7
üˆÏöܲ!Ó˚ñ A = !öÓ≈y!ã˛ï˛ x!ôӈϣÏ≈ 53!ê˛ Ó˚!ÓÓyÓ˚ ÌyܲyÓ˚ âê˛öy–
ï˛y•ˆÏ°ñ A âê˛öyÓ˚ xhsˇà≈ï˛ öü%öy !Ó®%Ó˚ §Çáƒy = 2
∴ A âê˛öy âê˛yÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓöy = P A = af 2
7
.
2 3
[ii] y = 1 − x + x − x + ........ ∞
2 ! 3!
e −x
=
y2 y3
z= −y− − − ...... ∞
2 3`
a f
= log e 1 − y
or, eZ = 1 – y
or, ez = 1 – e–x
or, e − x = 1 − e z
1
or, e x =
1 − ez
1
∴ x = loge S≤Ãüy!îï˛V
1 − ez
−1 −1
(c) [i] y = esin x z = e − cos x
−1
y e sin x sin −1 x + cos −1 x
∴ = =e
z e − cos −1 x
π
LM3sin −1 x + cos −1 x = π2 OP
π
= e2
N Q
∴ y= ze 2
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ zÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•z
π
dy
= e2
dz
dy
∴ ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ üyö xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ !öû≈˛Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ öy–
dx
[ii] xy + 1 = cos (xy)
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
y+x
dy
dx
a f FH
= − sin xy y + x I
K
dy
dx
F I a f
H K
dy
or, y + x 1 + sin xy = 0
dx
∴ y+x
dy
dx
a f
= 0 1 + sin xy ≠ 0
dy y
or, =−
dx x
π dy
Îáö x = 2 , y = 0, ï˛áö dx = 0 .
 F I a f
H K
cos x
(d) [i] y = tan −1 1 + sin x + sin log x

F x x I
= tan
− 1 G
GH cos2 2x + sin 2 2x + 2 cos 2x sin 2x JJK + sin alog xf
cos2 − sin 2
2 2

R|F cos x + sin x I F cos x − sin x I U|

= tan −1 S
H 2 2 K H 2 2 K V + sin alog xf
|| FH cos 2x + sin 2x IK 2 ||
T W
F cos 2x − sin 2x I
= tan G
GH cos 2x + sin 2x JJK + sin alog xf
− 1

F 1 − tan 2x I
= tan G
GH 1 + tan 2x JJK + sin alog xf
− 1

F tan π4 − tan 2x I
= tan G
GH 1 + tan π4 tan 2x JJK + sin alog xf
− 1

R π xU
= tan −1 Stan FH 4 − 2 IK V + sin a log x f
T W
= 4 − 2 + sin alog x f
π x

í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ

dy
=0− +
1 cos log x a f
dx 2 x
∴
dy
=
cos a log xf −
1
dx x 2
[ii] x2 + y2 = a2
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
dy
2x + 2y =0
dx
dy x
Óyñ dx = − xy Óyñ y1 = − y
xyÓyÓ˚ñ í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ xÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §yˆÏ˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓܲ°ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
dy x2
y−x y+
d2y dx = − y
y2 = = − 2 2
dx 2 y y
x 2 + y2 a2
= − =−
y3 y3
 FG1 + x 2 IJ 2
3

d1 + y12 i 2 H y2 K
3

∴ =
y2 a2
− 3
y

d x 2 + y 2 i 2 y3
3

= − ×
y3 a2
a3 y3
= − 3× 2
y a
= – a S≤Ãüy!îï˛V

(e) [i] z tan x

cos 4 x
dx

= z tan x . sec 4 x dx

= z d i
tan x 1 + tan 2 x sec 2 x dx

= zd i
z 1 + z 4 . 2 zdz ô!Ó˚ñ tan x = z2
= 2
2
zd 2
z 2 + z 6 dz i ∴ sec 2 x dx = 2 zdz

= 3 z3 + 7 z 7 + c
3 7
2 2
= 3 tan 2 x + 7 tan 2 x + c , c = §üyܲ°ˆÏöÓ˚ ô%Óܲ–

[ii] z 2 x dx
4x − 2x + 2 + 5

=
1
log 2e z dz

za
z2 − 4z + 5
1 dz ô!Ó˚ñ 2x = z
f af
=
log 2e z−2 2 + 1 2 ∴ 2 x .log e2 dx = dz

1
= log e z − 2 + z 2 − 4 z + 5 + c
log 2e
1
= 2
log e 2 x − 2 + 4 x − 2 x + 2 + 5 + c , c = §üyܲ°ˆÏöÓ˚ ô%Óܲ–
log e

(f) [i] z tan −1 x dx

= tan −1 x dx − z z{
d
tan −1 x d z
i dx} dx
z
dx
1 1
= x tan −1 x − ⋅ ⋅ x dx
1+ x 2 x
 = x tan −1 x −
1
2 1+ x
x
z
dx
1 z.2 zdz
= x tan −1 x − 2
1 + z2 z ô!Ó˚ñ x = z2
−
= x tan 1 x −
1 + z2z
1 + z2 − 1
dz
dx = 2zdz

= x tan −1 x − dz + z z
dz
1 + z2
= x tan −1 x − z + tan −1 z + c
= x tan −1 x − x + tan −1 x + c
= ax + 1f tan −1 x − x + c , c = §üyܲ°ˆÏöÓ˚ ô%Óܲ–

[ii] z b 2 cos 2
dx
x + a 2 sin 2 x

= z sec 2 x dx
b 2 + a 2 tan 2 x

z
ô!Ó˚ñ tan x = z
dz ∴ sec2x dx = dz
=
b2 + a 2 z 2

= 2
a
1
z
dz
z2 + a FH IK
b 2

1 1
F I
−1 G z J + c
= ⋅
a2 b
a
⋅ tan
GH ba JK
tan −1 F I + c
HbK
1 az
= ab

tan −1 F
a tan x I
H b K + c,
1
= c = §üyܲ°ˆÏöÓ˚ ô%Óܲ–
ab

z a fa f
π
(g) [i] 2 sin x dx
0 2 − cos x 3 + cos x

= − z a fa f
0 dz
1 2 − z 3+ z
ô!Ó˚ñ cos x = z
∴ – sin x dx = dz

= z a fa f LMN z
1 dz
0 2− z 3+ z
3
b
a
af
f x dx = − z
b
a
a f OPQ
f x dx
x
z
0 π2
1 0

= z aa ffaa ff
1 1 2−z + 3+z
5 0 2−z 3+z
dz

= z FH
1 1 1
+
1 I
K
5 0 3+ z 2 − z
dz
 1 1
= 5 log e 3 + z − log e 2 − z 0

=
1
5 d
loge4 − log1e − loge3 + log e2 i
=
1
5
log e
8
3
FH IK
[ii]
za x dx
fd
x − 1 x2 + 4 i
Bx + C A d x + 4i + a x − 1faBx + Cf
2
x A
ô!Ó˚ñ
a x − 1f d x 2 + 4i x − 1 x 2 + 4 =
= +
a x − 1f d x 2 + 4i
∴ x = A (x2 + 4) + (x – 1) (Bx + C)
1
x = 1 •ˆÏ°ñ 1 = 5A + 0 ⇒ A =
5
í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ x2ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ §•à §üyö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
1
0=A+B ⇒B= −A=−
5
xyÓyÓ˚ñ í˛zû˛Î˚˛õˆÏ«˛ ô%Óܲ˛ õò §üyö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õy•zñ
4
O = 4A – C ⇒ C = 4A =
5

∴ za x dx
fd
x − 1 x2 + 4 i
F I
z GGH
1 4
=
1 1
⋅ +
− x+
5 5 dx JJ
5 x −1 x +4
K
2

=
1 dx
z −
5 x −1 5
1
z x2
xdx
+
+4 5
4
z dx
x2+4
1
= 5 z dx
−
1
2 xdx
x − 1 10
x +4
2
+
4
5 zdx
x + 22
2 z
1 1 2 x
= log x − 1 − log x 2 + 4 + tan −1 + c c = §üyܲ°ˆÏöÓ˚ ô%Óܲ–
5 10 5 2

(h) [i] za
b
x 2 dx = lim
h→ 0
h
∑ aa + rhf2
n

r =1
; f (x) = x2
f (a + rh) = (a + rh)2
nh = b – a

∑ da 2 + 2 arh + r 2 h 2 i
n
= hlim
→0
h

n= 1
n n h
=
lim h
h→ 0 ∑ a2 + lim
h→ 0 2 ah 2 ∑r + lim h 3
h→ 0 ∑ r2
r =1 r =1 r =1

= hlim
→0
h 2
a nh +dh→
2
i
lim 2 ah n n + 1 + lim h n n + 1 2 n + 1
h→ 0
3 a f a fa f
2 6
 c h m a
= lim a nh + lim anh nh + h + lim nh nh + h 2nh + h
2
fr a fa f
h→ 0 h→ 0 h→ 0 6

= lim {a ( b − a )} + lim {a ( b − a ) ( b − a + h )}+ lim

2 ab − afab − a + hf m2 ab − af + hr a3nh = b − af
h→ 0 h→ 0 h →0 6
2
= a (b – a) + a (b – a) +
2 b−a 2
a f3
6
R a b − af U
ab − af S|a + a ab − af + 3 |V|
| 2
2

T W
=

=
ab − af ⋅ d3a 2 + 3ab − 3a2 + b2 − 2ab + a2 i
3

=
ab − af db2 + ba + a2 i
3
b3 − a3
= .
3

[ii] I= z
0
π
2 sin x
sin x + cos x
dx

FH π2 − xIK
z z z
LM3 a f a xf dx = a f aa − xf dxOP
π sin

N 0 Q
2

FH π2 − xIK + FH π2 − xIK
= dx
0 0
sin cos

= z
0
π
2 cos x
cos x + sin x
dx

∴ 2I = z
0
π
2 sin x
sin x + cos x
dx +
π

0
2
z
cos x
sin x + cos x
dx

= z
0
π
2 sin x + cos x
sin x + cos x
dx

= z
0
π
2

π
dx

2 π
= x 0 = 2
π
∴I=
4

∴ z
0
π
2 sin x
sin x + cos x
π
dx = .
4
 Õ‚Â ò÷Åò± Û¶
ŸÂóS -- 3
¿úÂß Ð-- ÷ùûþ ßÅÂ÷±õþ Îâ±ø¸
õ±¿ùá? áöÇÂòË÷Ké ý±ý× ¦Å¨ù

¿õö±á - ß 1. ¿ò¥§¿ù¿àî Û¶
Ÿ&¿ùõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý •¿õߊ Û¶
Ÿ&¿ù ùÂíÏûþ— Ð

(a) úÓòɦš±ò óÓõþí ßÂËõþ± Ð
4 2
A =   ýËù A−2I Ûõþ ÷±ò ýËõ -----.
−1 1 

4 2 4 2  2 0
Ans. A =   ∴ A - 2I =  − 
− 1 1 − 1 1 0 2

2 2
= .
− 1 − 1

(b) ü¿êÂß ëÂ×Mõþ¿é Îùà Ð

1+ log 3e +
(log ) + (log )
3 2
e
3 3
e
+ ........... Î|¿íõþ Îû±áôÂù ýËõ --
2 3
1
(i) log 3e (ii) (iii) 3 (iv) e3
3

Ans. 1+ log 3e +
(log ) + (log )
3 2
e
3 3
e
+ .........
2 3
log3e
= e = 3.
Ans. (iii).

(c) 9x2 + 5y2 = 30y ëÂ×ÂóõÔËMõþ Âóõþ±ËÂõþ ÆðâÇÉ ýù ---

(i) 6 (ii) 2 5 (iii) 6 (iv) 5
2 2
Ans. 9x + 5y = 30y
or, 9x2 + 5(y2 − 6y + 9) = 45
or, 9x2 + 5(y − 3)2 = 45

1
 x2 ( y − 3) 2
or, + =1
( 5) 2
(3 ) 2

∴ Length of major axis = 2 x 3 = 6 units.

Ans. (a)

Õïõ±, x = ay2 + by + c Âóõþ±õÔËMõþ ò±¿öÂùË¥¤õþ ÆðâÇÉ ýù --

a b 1 1
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
4 3 a 4a
Ans. x = ay2 + by + c
b c x
∴ y2 + y+ =
a a a
1 1
⇒ (y + β)2 = ( x − α ) form. ∴ Length of Latus rectum = units
a a
Ans. (iii).

(d) òÏËäÂõþ ëÂ×Mõþ¿é üîÂÉ ò± ¿÷ïɱ ëÂ×Ë{¡à ßÂËõþ± Ð

dy
y = sin−1 (3x − 4x3) + cos−1 (4x3 − 3x) ýËù =0 ýËõ¼
dx
Ans. y = sin−1 (3x − 4x3) + cos−1 (4x3 − 3x)
∴ y = 3 sin−1x + 3 cos−1 x = 3π/2
dy
or, = 0.
dx
∴ Statement is true.
2x dy
Õïõ±, y = sin −1 2
ýËù Ûõþ ÷±ò ýËõ --
1+ x dx

2 2x 1 x
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) −
1+ x2 1+ x2 1+ x2 1+ x2
2x dy 2
Ans. y = sin−1 2
= 2 tan−1x ∴ = Ans. (i).
1+ x dx 1 + x 2

(e) úÓòɦš±ò ÂóÓõþí ßÂËõþ± Ð

 d2 y 
y = cos2x − sin2x ýËù  2 = ……….
 dx  x =0

2
 Ans. y = cos2x − sin2x = cos 2x

dy d2 y d2 y
∴ = 2 sin 2x or, = −4 cos 2x ∴ = −4.
ds dx 2 dx 2 x =0

sin(log x )
(f) ∫ x
dx Ûõþ ÷±ò òÏËäÂõþ ÂÎß±ò¿é ·

(i) −cos log|x| + c (ii) cos log|x| + c (iii) sin log|x| + c (iv) −sin log|x| + c
sin(log x) 1
Ans. ∫ x
dx = ∫ sin z dz [Where log x = z ∴ dx = dz ]
x
= −cos z + c − cos (log (x)) + c
Ans. (i)

∫e
x
Õïõ±, úÓòɦš±ò ÂóÓõþí ßÂõþ Ð sin(e x )dx Ûõþ ÷±ò ýËõ ------
Ans. ∫ ex sin (ex)dx = ∫ sin z dz [ ex = z ∴ex dx = dz ]
= − cos(z) + c = − cos (ex) + c.

π
2
(g) ¿òËäõþ ëÂ×Mõþ¿é üîÂÉ ò± ¿÷ïɱ ëÂ×Ë{¡à ßÂËõþ± Ð ∫0
sin 2x log(tan x)dx = π

π/2
Ans. I= ∫ 0
sin 2x log (tan x) dx

π/2
∴I= ∫0
sin 2 (π/2 − x) log (tan (π/2 − x) dx

π/2
= ∫0
sin 2x log cot x dx

π/2 π/2
∴ 2I = ∫0
sin 2x [log tan x cot x]dx = ∫0
sin 2x × 0 = 0

∴ Answer is not true.

π
4
Õïõ±, òÏËäÂõþ ëÂ×Mõþ¿é üîÂÉ ò± ¿÷ïɱ ëÂ×Ë{¡à ßÂËõþ± Ð ∫ π
x 3 sin 4 xdx = 0
−
4

π/4
Ans. ∫
−π / 4
x3 sin4x dx

3
 Let f(x) = x3 sin4x ∴ f(−x) = −x3 sin4x
π/4
∴ f(x) is odd function ∴ ∫
−π / 4
f(x) dx = 0.

100 π
(h) úÓòɦš±ò ÂóÓõþí ßÂËõþ± Ð ∫
0
1 + cos 2xdx Ûõþ ÷±ò ýËõ ---------

100 π 100 π
Ans. ∫0
1 + cos 2x dx = ∫ 0
2 (cos x)dx

π
= 100√2 ∫ 0
cos x dx = 100 √2 [sin x] 0π = 0.

(i) úÓòɦš±ò ÂóÓõþí ßÂËõþ± Ð

Ûß¿é á¿îÂúÏù ßÂí± üõþùËõþà± õõþ±õõþ t ÎüËßÂË` (5t2 − 2t) Îü¿÷ ðÓõþQ û±ûþ¼ t=3

ÎüËßÂ` ÂóËõþ ßÂí±¿éÂõþ Îõá ýËõ -----

Ans. S = 5t2 − 2t

ds ds
or, = 10 t - 2 . ∴ = 10 × 3 − 2 = 28 cm/sec.
dt dt t =3

∴ Velocity after 3 sec is 28 cm/sec.

(j) úÓòɦš±ò ÂóÓõþí ßÂËõþ± Ð y = (1 − x) (2 + 3x) Ûõþ äÂõþ÷ ÷±ò ýËõ -----------¼
Ans. y = (1 − x) (2 + 3x)
= 2 + 3x − 2x − 3x2
= 2 + x − 3x2
dy
= 1 − 6x = 0 [for maximum]
dx
∴ x = 1/6.

d2 y
= −6 < 0 ∴ y has max. value
dx 2
 1  1  5 5 25
ymax = 1 −  2 +  = × = .
 6  2  6 2 12

4
¿õö±á - à 2. ¿òËðÇ ú ÕòÅû±ûþÏ ¿ò¥§ ¿Âù¿àî Û¶
Ÿ&¿ùõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð 2x2=4

(a) Îû Îß±Ëò± ðÅ¿é Û¶Ë
Ÿõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð

(i) Ûß¿é î±Ëüõþ ÂóɱËßÂËé տõòÉ™¦¸ö±Ëõ öÂõþ± 52 ¿é ¿õ¿öÂi§ î±ü ÎïËß ûËïBåö±Ëõ
Ûß¿é î±ü é±ò± ýù¼ î±ü¿é ý×üß±õò •Spades— õ± ü±Ëýõ ýÝûþ±õþ üy±õò± ßÂî ·
Ans. A be the event of getting king

B be the event of getting spades.

∴x(A) = 13, x(B) = 4.
Now, x(S) = 52. n (A ∩ B) = 1
∴P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P (A ∩ B)
13 4 1 16 4
= + − = = .
52 52 52 52 13
x2 x3 x4
(ii) y = x− + − + .........α( −1 < x ≤ 1) ýËù Îðà±Ý Îû,
2 3 4

y2 y3
x=y+ + + ........α
2! 3!
x2 x3 x4
Ans. y= x− + − + ....∞
2 3 4
or, y = loge(1+x) ⇒ 1 + x = ey

 y y2 y3 
or, x = ey − 1 = 1 + + + + ......∞  − 1
 1! 2! 3!
 

y2 y3
=y+ + + .....∞
2! 3!
− 7 7  11 9 
(iii) A − 2B =   ÛõÑ A − 3B =   ýËù A Ý
 4 − 8  4 − 13 

B ÷ɱ¿éª' ðÅ¿é ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼

− 7 7  11 9 
Ans: A − 2B =  ; A - 3B =  
 4 − 8 4 - 13 

 − 18 − 2
∴ (A − 2B) − (A − 3B) =  
 0 5 

 − 18 − 2
∴ B =  
 0 5 

5
 Putting B in 1st case you get A. (Do yourself)

(b) Ëû Îß±Ëò± Ûß¿é ÂÛ¶Ë
Ÿõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð 2x1=2

(i) 9x2 − 16y2 + 18x + 32y − 119 = 0 Âóõþ±õÔËMõþ ò±¿öÂùË¥¤õþ ÆðâÇÉ ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼
Ans. 9x2 − 16y2 + 18x + 32y − 119 = 0
or, 9(x2 + 2x + 1) − 16(y2 − 2y + 1) − 9 + 16 − 119 = 0
or, 9(x + 1)2 − 16(y − 1)2 = 112

( x + 1) 2 ( y − 1) 2
− =1
112 112
9 16
b2
∴ Length of Latus rectum = 2
a
112
= 2. 16 units
112
9

112 x 3
= units
8
(ii) y2 − 6y − 8x + 25 = 0 Õ¿ñõÔËMõþ ò±¿ö¦š±ò±‚ ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼
Ans. y2 − 6y − 8x + 25 = 0
or, y2 − 6y + 9 = 8x − 25 + 9
or, (y − 3)2 = 8x − 16
or, (y − 3)2 = 8(x − 4) ∴ a = 2
Focus (α + a, β) = (4 + 2, 3) = (6, 3)

(c) Ëû Îß±Ëò± Ûß¿é Û¶Ë
Ÿõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð 2x1=2

dy y
(i) xp, yq = (x+y)p+q ýËù Îðà±Ý Îû =
dx x
Ans. xp. yq = (x + y)p+q
⇒ p log x + q log y = (p + q) log (x + y)
= Differential with respect to x,
p q dy p + q  dy 
+ = 1 + 
x y dx x + y  dx 

6
  q p + q  dy  p + q p 
or,  −  =  − 
 y x + y  dx  x + y x 
dy y
or, = [x + y ≠ 0]
dx x
d2 y
(ii) y = x2. log x ýËù x = 1 ¿õjÅËî Ûõþ ÷±ò ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼
dx 2
Ans. y = x2 log x

dy x 2
∴ = + 2x log x = x + 2x log x = x(1 + 2 log x)
dx x
d2 y 2
= x  + (1 + 2 log x)
2
dx x

dy 2
∴ = 2 + 1 + 2 log 1 = 3.
dx 2 x =1

Ans. 3.

(d) Ëû Îß±Ëò± Ûß¿é à ›¶Ë
Ÿõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð 2x1=2

dx
(i) ∫ ( x − 2) x−3
Ûõþ ÷±ò ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼

dx
Ans. ∫ ( x − 2) x−3
x − 3 = z2 ∴x − 2 = z2 + 1

dx = 2zdz
2zdz dz
= ∫ (z 2
+ 1) z 2
= 2 ∫z 2
+12
= 2 tan −1z + c

= 2 tan −1 x − 3 + c
2 1
x 2 − 1 x+ x
(ii) ∫
1
x2
.e .dx Ûõþ ÷±ò ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼

2 1
x 2 − 1 x+ n 1
Ans. ∫
1
x2
e dx x+
x
=z

 1 
1 − 2 dx = dz
 x 

7
 5/2
x2 −1
= ∫
2
e z dz ∴
x2
dx = dz

= ez[ ] 5/2
2 = e5 / 2 − e2 x 1 2
z 2 5/2

(e) Ëû Îß±Ëò± Ûß¿é Û¶Ë
Ÿõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð 2x1=2

(i) aÝ b ñènõßÂZûþËß ÕÂóòûþò ßÂËõþ y = alogx + b ÎïËß ÕõßÂù

ü÷ÏßÂõþí áêÂò ßÂËõþ±¼
Ans. y = a log x + b
dy a dy
= or, x =a
dx x dx
d2 y dy
or, x 2
+ = 0 which is the differential equation
dx dx
(ii) ü÷±ñ±ò ßÂËõþ± Ð ydx − xdy = xy dx.

Ans. ydx − xdy = xydx

ydx − xdy xy
or, 2
= dx
y y2

x
d 
 y  = dx d( x / y )
or,
x
∴ ∫ (x / y)
= x+c
 
y

x
or, ln = x + c.
y

(f) Ëû Îß±Ëò± ¿îÂò¿é Û¶Ë
Ÿõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð 2x3=6

(i) x- Ûõþ Îß±òÄ ÷±Ëòõþ æòÉ f(x) = ex ÛõÑ g(x) = 2x + 2 ÕËÂóÂßÂZËûþõþ x -Ûõþ
ü±ËÂóË Âó¿õþõîÇÂËòõþ ý±õþ ü÷±ò ·
Ans. f(x) = ex, y(x) = 2x + 2
f/(x) = ex, g/(x) = 2

∴ ex = 2 ⇒ x = log 2e .

8
(ii) x-Ûõþ üßÂù ñò±Rß ÷±Ëòõþ æòÉ f(x) = (x−1)ex + 1 ÕËÂóÂß ñò±Rß¼
Ans. f(x) = (x − 1) ex + 1
f/(x) = (x − 1) en + ex = xex > 0 for x > 0.
∴f(x) > f(0) Now, f(0) = 0.
∴f(x) > 0. (Proved)

(iii) y = 2x2 − 6x − 4 õËSõþ Îß±ò ¿õjÅËî ¦óúÇß x-ÕËÂõþ ü÷±™LÃõþ±ù ·

Ans. y = 2x2 − 6x − 4
dy
= 4x − 6
dx
Since tangent at (x, y) is parallel to x−axis
dy 6 3
∴ =0 ⇒ x= =
dx 4 2
3 3 9
∴y = 2( ) 2 − 6( ) − 4 = 2 × −9−4
2 2 4
9 17
= − 13 = −
2 2
 3 − 17 
∴ Req. point  , .
2 2 

(iv) y2 = 4x Õ¿ñõÔM, x = 1 Ý x=2 üõþùËõþà±Zûþ Ý x −Õ Z±õþ± üÏ÷±õXÂ

Õ=ÁËùõþ ÎÂSôÂù ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼
y
Ans. y2 = 4x, x = 1, x = 2

2
∴Req. Area = ∫
1
4 x dx
0 1 2
x

2
 x3/2 
= 2
2 3/2
 = 2× 2
4
[
− 1 = (2 3 / 2 − 1) ]
 3 / 2 1 3 3

=
3
(
4 3/2
2 −1 . )
(v) Ûß¿é ßÂí± üõþùËõþà± õõþ±õõþ á¿îÂúÏù¼ Îß±Ëò± ¿ò¿ð©† ¿õjÅ ÎïËß t ü÷Ëûþ Õ¿îÂS±™LÃ
ðÓõþQ x = 3 cos2t + 4 sin2t. ðÓõþËQõþ ÷±ñÉË÷ t ü÷Ëûþ ßÂí±¿éÂõþ Qõþí ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼
Ans. x = 3 cos 2t + 4 sin 2t
dx
= − 6 sin 2t + 8 cos 2t
dt

9
 d2 x
= −12 cos 2t − 16 sin 2t
dt 2
= −4 (3 cos 2t + 4 sin 2t) = −4x.
∴ Accn = −4x

¿õö±á - á 3. ¿òËðÇ ú ÕòÅû±ûþÏ ¿ò¥§ ¿ù¿àî Û¶
Ÿ&¿ùõþ ëÂ×M õþ ð±Ý Ð

(a) Ëû Îß±Ëò± ðÅ¿é Û¶Ë
Ÿõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð 4x2=8

(i) ËS÷±Ëõþõþ ÂóX¿îÂËî ü÷±ñ±ò ßÂËõþ± Ð

3x + y + z = 10, x + y − z = 0, 5x − 9y = 1.
Ans. 3x + y + z = 10
x + y − z = 10
5x − 9y = 1

3 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 −1 = 4 2 − 1 = - 36 - 10 = - 46 ≠ 0.
5 −9 0 5 −9 0

x y z 1
∴ = = =
10 1 1 3 10 1 3 1 10 − 46
0 1 −1 1 0 −1 1 1 0
1 −9 0 5 1 0 5 −9 1
Solving you get x, y, z (Do yourself)

(ii) ä±õþ æò õÉ¿Mõþ æiœ¿ðò õÈüËõþ ¿õ¿öÂi§ õþËà ýÝûþ±õþ üy±õò± ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼
•365 ¿ðËò õÈüõþ ñËõþ ¿òËî Âó±Ëõþ±—¼
365
C1× 364 C1× 363 C1× 362 C1
Ans. P( A ) = 365
C4

(iii) n ñò±Rß ÂóÓíÇüÑàɱ (n > 1) ýËù ᱿í¿îÂß ձËõþ±ýí ÂóX¿îÂõþ ü±ý±ËûÉ Ã›¶÷±í ßÂËõþ± Îû,
4n − 3n − 1 õþ±¿ú¿é üõÇð± 9 Z±õþ± ¿õö±æɼ
Ans. P(n) : 4n − 3n − 1 = 22n − 3n − 1
P(1) = 4 − 3 − 1 = 0
P(2) = 42 − 3 × 2 − 1 = 16 − 6 − 1 = 9

10
 ∴ P(1), P(2) is true.
Let, P(m) = 4m − 3m − 1
P(m+1) = 4m+1 − 3(m+1) − 1 = 4.4m − 3m − 4
= 4.4m − 12m − 4 + 9m = 4(4m − 3m − 1) + 9m
∴ P(m+1) is divisible by 9.

(b) Ëû Îß±Ëò± ðÅ¿é Û¶Ë
Ÿõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð 4x2=8

(i) y2 = 4ax Õ¿ñõÔËMõþ (at 2

1 ,2at 1 ) Ý (at 2
2 ,2at 2 ) ¿õjÅZËûþõþ üÑËû±æß æɱ-Ûõþ
ü÷ÏßÂõþí ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼ Ü æɱ ò±¿öÂá±÷Ï ýËù Îðà±Ý Îû, t1 . t2 = −1

Ans. Equation of the Chorel is

y − 2at 1 x − at 12
= 2
2at 1 − 2at 2 at 1 − at 22
If it passes through (a, 0) then

0 − 2at 1 a − at 12
= 2
t1 − t 2 at 1 − at 22

− 2t 1 1 − t 12
or, = (t1 ≠ t2).
1 t1 + t 2
⇒ t1t2 = −1.
4
(ii) Ëû ëÂ×ÂóõÔËMõþ úÏø¸ÇZûþ (−1, 2) Ý (9, 2) Hhw ëÂ×ÈËßÂfî± a¡l ü÷ÏßÂõþí ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼
5
Ans. Vertices are (−1, 2) & (9, 2)
ie., y−coordinates are equal

 − 1+ 9 2 + 2 
∴ Centre  ,  = ( 4, 2)
 2 2 
Major axis is parallel to x−axis.

( x − 4) 2 ( y − 2) 2
∴ Eqn. + =1
a2 b2

2a = (9 + 1) 2 + b 2 = 10 . ∴ a = 5

 16  9
b2 = a2(1 − e2) ⇒ b2 = 5 1 −  = 5×
 25  25

11
 3
⇒b= .
5

∴ Req. equation
(x − 4 )2 +
( y − 2) 2
= 1.
16 9/5
(iii) 16x2 − 9y2 = 144 Âóõþ±õÔËMõþ ò±¿ö Zûþ, ëÂ×ÈËßÂfî± Ý ¿òûþ±÷ßÂZËûþõþ
ü÷ÏßÂõþí ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼
Ans. 16x2 − 9y2 = 144.

x2 y2
Or, − = 1.
9 16

16 5
a2 = 9, b2 = 16. ∴ e = 1+ = .
9 3
 5 
Focii = (+ ae, 0) =  ± 3 × ,0  = (± 5, 0 ) .
 3 
Equation of directions : x = + a/e
3 9
x= ± =±
5 5
3
or, 5x + 9 = 0.

(c) Ëû Îß±Ëò± ðÅ¿é ›¶Ë
Ÿõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð 4x2=8

( )
2
sin 2 xdx 1
Ã(i) ›¶÷±í ßÂËõþ± Ð ∫
0
sin x + cos x
=
2
log 2 + 1

π/2
sin 2 xdx
Ans. I = ∫
0
sin x + cos x
π/2
cos 2 x a a

∴I = ∫
0
cos x + sin x
dx
 0
∫
 f ( x )dx = ∫
0
f (a − x )dx 

π/2
dx
∴ 2I = ∫
0
sin x + cos x
π/2
1 dx
=
2
∫  π
0 sin x + 
 4

12
 π/2
1 π π
=
2
∫
0
cos ec( x +
4
)d( x + )
4
π
 π 2
x+
1  4

= log tan  +c
2 2 
  0

1
= log( 2 + 1).
2

(d) Ëû Îß±Ëò± ðÅ¿é Û¶Ë
Ÿõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð 4x2=8

dy  dy 
(i) ü÷±ñ±ò ßÂËõþ± Ð y−x = 21 + x 2  ÎðÝûþ± Õ±Ëå y = 1 ûàò x = 1.
dx  dx 

dy  dy 
Ans. y − x = 21 + x 2 
dx  dx 

(
y − 2 = x + 2x 2 ) dy
dx
dx dy
or, =
2x + x y − 2
2

1 dx
or,
2 ∫ 2 1 1 1
= ln | y - 2 | + c.
x + x+ −
2 4 4
1 dx
or,
2 ∫  1
2
 1
2
= ln | y - 2 | + c.
x +  −  
 2 2
1 1
x+ −
1 1 2 2 = ln | y - 2 | + c
or, ln
2 1 1 1
2. x+ +
2 2 2
Putting x = 1, y = 1, we get the particular solution. (Do Yourself).

 dy 
(ii) ü÷±ñ±ò ßÂËõþ± Ð log  = 4 x − 2y − 2 ÎðÝûþ± Õ±Ëå y = 1 ûàò x = 1.
 dx 

 dy 
Ans. log  = 4 x − 2y − 2
 dx 

13
 dy
Or, = e 4 x .e −2 y .e −2
dx
e2ydy = e4x. e−2 dx.

e 2 y e 4 x −2
Or, = +c
2 4
Putting x = 1, y = 1 we get the particular solution (Rest Do Yourself).

d2 y dy
(iii) ü÷±ñ±ò ßÂËõþ± Ð 2
= x − cos x ÎðÝûþ± Õ±Ëå y = 1, =0 ûàò x = 0
dx dx

d2 y
Ans. = x − cos x
dx 2
dy x 2
Or, = − sin x + c
dx 2
Or, 0 = 0 − sin 0 + c ∴ c = 0.

dy x 2
= − sin x
dx 2
 x2 
dy =  − sin x dx
 2 
x3
y= + cos x + c
6
1 = 0 + cos 0 + c ∴c=0

x3
y= + cos x
6

(e) Ëû Îß±Ëò± ä±õþ¿é ÂÛ¶Ë
Ÿõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð 4 x 4 = 16

(i) lx + my + n = 0 üõþùËõþà± y2 = 4ax Õ¿ñõÔMËß ¦óúÇ ßÂõþËù Îðà±Ý Îû, am2 = n1.
Ans. y2 = 4ax
dy 2a
=
dx y

dy 2a
or =
dx ( x1,y1 ) y1

∴ Equation of the tangent at (x1, y1) is

14
 2a
y − y1 = (x − x1 )
y1
or, yy1 = 2ax + 2ax1 …(1)
lx + my + n = 0 …(2)
Comparing (1) and (2)
2a y 2ax 1
=− 1 =
l m n
2am
∴ x 1 = n / l, y1 = −
l
2
 − 2am  n
∴ y 12 = 4ax 1 ⇒   = 4a.
 l  l

4a 2 m 2 4an
or, 2
= ∴ am2 = nl. Proved.
l l

(ii) x−ÕËÂõþ ëÂ×ÂóËõþ y2 = 4x Õ¿ñõÔM x−4 − 4cosθ, y = 4sinθ õÔM Z±õþ± üÏ÷±õX Õ=ÁËùõþ
ËÂSôÂù ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼
Ans. (x − 4) = 4 cos θ, y = 4 sin θ
⇒ (x − 4)2 + y2 = 42 …(1)
∴ Circle of centre (4, 0) and radius = 4 units
y2 = 4x ...(2)
2
Solving : (x − 4) + 4x = 16
Or, x2 − 8x + 16 + 4x = 16
Or, x (x − 4) = 0 ∴ x = 0, 4.
4
Req. area = ∫
0
16 − ( x − 4)2 dx

4
− ∫
0
4 x dx

Calculating you get the result (Do yourself).

(iii) Ûß¿é Îéªò ý±Ýh± ÎïËß ÎåËh àhÂáÂóÅõþ ¿áËûþ ï±Ë÷¼ Û¶ïË÷ î±õþ Îõá ÎõËh üËõDZBäÂ
Îõá v ýûþ¼ î±õþÂóõþ Îõá ßÂ÷Ëî ï±Ëß¼ ý±Ýh± ÎïËß àhÂáÂóÅõþ ÎûËî Îéªò¿éÂõþ t ü÷ûþ
1
ù±áËù Û¶÷±í ßÂËõþ± Ü ðÅý× ÎˆÂúËòõþ ÷ËñÉ ðÓõþQ vt.
2

15
 dv
Ans. = f ⇒ dv = fdt
dt
v t1

∫
0
dv = f ∫
0
dt ⇒ v = ft 1

ds
Again, = v = ft
dt
s1 t
1 2 1
∫
0
ds = f ∫
0
tdt ⇒ s1 =
2
f t 1 = vt 1
2

Again, Again, 0 = V − ft2 ⇒ V = ft2

1 2 1
S2 = Vt2 − ft 2 = Vt2 − Vt2 = 1/2 Vt2
2 2
1
S1 + S2 = V( t 1 + t 2 )
2
1
∴S= Vt (Proved).
2
(iv) Ûß¿é Âó±ïËõþõþ éÅÂßÂËõþ±Ëß Îß±Ëò± ëÂ×BäÂî±ûþ ¿¦šõþ±õ¦š± ÎïËß öÓÂÂóÔˇÂõþ ëÂ×Âóõþ ÎôÂù±
ýù¼ Îúø¸ h Îü¿÷ ÎûËî Âó±ïõþ¿éÂõþ t ÎüËßÂ` ü÷ûþ ù±áËù Û¶÷±í ßÂËõþ± Îû, Âó±ïõþ¿éÂõþ
t h
öÓÂÂóÔˇ ձüËî Î÷±é  +  ÎüËßÂ` ü÷ûþ ù±Ëá¼
 2 gt 
Ans. Do yourself.

x2 y2
(v) 4ax + 3by = 12c üõþùËõþà± + =1 ëÂ×ÂóõÔËMõþ Õ¿öÂù¥¤ ýËù Îðà±Ý Îû,
a2 b2

5c = a2e2

x2 y2
Ans. + =1
a2 b2
2x 2y dy
2
+ = 0.
a b 2 dx
dy b2x
=− 2
dx a y

dy b 2 x1
=−
dx ( x1,y1 ) a 2 y1

16
 Equation of Normal

a2 y
y − y1 = (x − x1 )
b2x

⇒ (b2x1)y − b2x1y1 = (a2y1)x − a2x1y1

( ) ( ) (
or, a 2 y 1 x − b 2 x 1 y = a 2 − b 2 x 1y 1 …(1) )
4ax + 3by = 12 …(2)
2 2
Comparing we get 5c = a e .

¿õö±á - â 4. ¿òËðÇú ÕòÅû±ûþÏ ¿ò¥§¿ù¿àî Û¶
Ÿ&¿ùõþ ëÂ×Mõþ ð±Ý Ð 6 x 4 = 24

2n
 1 
(a) (i) Û¶÷±í ßÂËõþ± Îû, x +  ......... ¿õ™¦¸Ô¿îÂõþ ÷ñÉ÷ÂóËðõþ ÷±ò
 2x 

1.3.5...........( 2n − 1)
3+3
n!
2n
 1 
Ans.  x +  ∴ tn+1 term is middle term.
 2x 
n
1  n 1
t n+1 = C n x   = 2n C n . n
2n

 2x  2
2n(2n − 1)(2n − 2) − 2.1 1
= . n
(n! ) 2 2

=
{2n(2n − 2)(2n − 4).....4.2}{(2n − 1)(2n − 3).....1.3} × 1
n! 2n
2 n.n! {1.3.5.......( 2n − 1)} 1
= . n
(n! ) 2 2
1.3.5.........( 2n − 1)
= (Proved)
n!
à (ii) ›¶÷±í ßÂËõþ± Ð
1 1 1 + 2 1 1 + 2 + 22 1 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 3
+ . 2 + . 3
+ . 4
+ ..........α = log e
4 2 4 3 4 4 4 2

1 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + ..... + 2 n−1 1 2 n − 1
Ans. t n = × = ×
n 4n n 4n

17
 1 1 1 
=  n − n
n2 4 

t  1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 
t 1 =  − , t2 =  2 − 2 , t3 =  3 − 3
1 2 4  22 4  32 4 

 1   1 2  1 3 
      
  2 2  3
∴ Exp. + + + .......
 1 2 3 
 
 
 1   1 2  1 3 
      
  4 4  4
− + + + .......
 1 2 3 
 
 

 1  1 3 1
= − log1 −  + log1 −  = log  − log
 2  4 4 2

3 
  3
= log 4  = log .
1  2
 2
2 − 3
(b) (i) A=  ÃýËù Û¶÷±í ßÂËõþ± Îû, A2−6A+171 = 0 Ûà±ò ÎïËß A1 Ûõþ
3 4

÷±ò ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼ 3+3

Ans. A 2 − 6 A + 17I = 0
Or, A(A − 6I) = −17 I
Or, A−1A (A − 6I) = −17A−1I.

 6I − A 
A − 6i = −17A−1 ∴ A −1 =  
 17 
DO YOURSELF.
2 4 6 8 1
(ii) Û¶÷±í ßÂËõþ± Ð + + + + ........ ∝ = 3+3
3! 5! 7! 9! e
2 4 6 8
= + + + + ........∞
3! 5! 7! 9!
3 −1 5 −1 7 −1 9 −1
= + + + + .......
3! 5! 7! 9!

18
 1 1 1 1 1 1
= − + − + − + ..........
2! 3! 4! 5! 6! 7!
1 1 1 1 1
= 1− + − + − + .........
1! 2! 3! 4! 5!
1
= e −1 = .
e

dy
(c) (i) loge(xy) = ex+y + 2 ýËù Ûõþ ÷±ò ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ±¼ 3+3
dx
Ans. log(xy) = ex+y + 2
1  dy   dy 
x × + y  = e x + y 1 + 
xy  dx   dx 

 1 dy 1  dy
 +  = e x + y + e x + y
 y dx x  dx

1  dy 1
 − e x + y  = e x+y −
y  dx x

1
e x+y
dy x
=
dx 1 x+y
−e
y

dy 1− y2
(ii) 1 − x 2 + 1 − y 2 = k( x − y ) ýËù Ëðà±Ý Îû, =
dx 1− x2

Ans. Let, x = sin α, y = sin β

cos α + cos β = K (sin α − sin β)
α+β α −β
2 cos . cos
cos α + cos β 2 2
∴K= =
sin α − sin β α+β α −β
2 cos . sin
2 2
α −β
= cot
2
α − β = 2 Cot−1 K.
or, sin−1x − sin−1y = cot−1 K

19
 1 1 dy dy 1− y2
− =0 ∴ =
1− x2 1− y2 dx dx 1− x2

π dy 2
(d) (i) y = 2cost − cos2t, x = sin t − sin 2t ýËù t= Îî ÷±ò ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ± ¼ 3+3
2 dx 2
Ans. y = 2cost − cos2t, x = sin t − sin 2t
dy dx
= −2 sin t + 2 cos 2t, = cos t - 2 cos 2t
dx dt
dy − 2 sin t + 2 cos 2t
=
dx cos t - 2 cos 2t
dy − 2 + 2 cos π − 2 − 2
= = = −2
dx t =π / 2 0 - 2 cos π +2
1 1
(x ) d y + x dy
− 2
2
(ii) 2x = y 9 + y 9 ýËù Îðà±Ý Îû, −1 81y 3+3
dx 2 dx
1 1
−
Ans. 2x = y 9
+y 9

 1 − 
1
 y 9 − y 9  = (2x ) 2 − 4 = 4(x2 − 1)
 
 
1 1
−
∴ y 9 −y 9 = ±2 n 2 − 1
1 1
−
y +y
9 9 = 2x
1
∴ 2y 9 = 2 ( x + n 2 − 1 
 
9
y =  x ± n 2 − 1 
 
8  
dy 2x
= 9 x ± n 2 − 1  .1 ± 
dx    2 
2 n −1

9
 x ± n 2 − 1 
  = ± 9y
= ±9
2
n −1 n2 − 1
 n 2 − 1  y = ±9 y
  1

20
 or, (x2 − 1) y 12 = 81y 2

or, (x2 − 1) 2y1y2 + 2xy12 = 2 x 81 yy1

or, (x2 − 1) y2 + xy1 = 81y (Proved).

dx
(e) (i) ÂÛ¶÷±í ßÂËõþ± Ð ∫ 5 + 4 cos x 3+3

dx
Ans. ∫ 5 + 4 cos x
dx sec 2 x/2
= ∫ 1 − tan 2 x/2
= ∫ 9 + tan 2
x/2
dn
5+4
1 + tan 2 x/2
d((tan x / 2)) 1  tan x/2 
= 2 ∫ (3 ) 2 2
+ tan x / 2
= 2. tan −1 
3  3 
+c.

1
1− x
(ii) ÷±ò ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ± Ð ∫
0
1+ x
dx 3+3

1 1− x
Ans. I = ∫
0 1+ x
dx x = cos θ

dx = −sinθ dθ
0
1 − cos θ
= ∫
π/2
1 + cos θ
× − sin θdθ

π/2
= ∫
0
tan θ / 2.2sinθsi cosθ / 2 dθ

π/2 π/2
= ∫
0
2 sin 2 θ / 2 dθ = ∫ (1 − cos θ)dθ
0

π 
= [θ − sin θ]0
π/2
=  − 1.
2 

log x
(f) (i) ÷±ò ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ± Ð ∫ (1 + log x) 2
dx 3+3

log x
Ans. ∫ (1 + log x) 2
dx log ex = z

21
 ∴ x = ez
dx = ezdz

z ez
= ∫ (1 + z) 2
dz

z z + 1 − 1
= ∫e  
 (1 + z ) 2 dz
 
 1 1 
∫e
z
=  z + 1 − z + 1 dz
 

ez x
= +c = +c
z +1 log x + 1
β
dx
(ii) ÷±ò ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ± Ð ∫α ( x − α )(β − x )
3+3

β
dx
Ans. ∫
α ( x − α )(β − x )
Let, x − α = z2 then integrate (Do yourself)

( )
π
xdx π
(g) (i)à ›¶÷±í ßÂËõþ± Ð ∫
0
2 =
sin x + cos x 2 2
log 2 +1 3+3

π/2 xdx
Ans. I = ∫
0 sinx + cosx
π/2− x
π/2
∴I = ∫
cos x + sin x
0
dx
π/2 dx
∴ 2I = π
0 ∫
sinx + cosx
See the Ans. Sec−3 Q(c) (iii).
dx
(ii) ÷±ò ¿òíÇûþ ßÂËõþ± Ð ∫ 3 + 2sinx + cosx 3+3

dx
Ans. I = ∫ 3 + 2 sin x + cos x
dx
= ∫ 2 tan x / 2 1 − tan 2 x / 2
3+2 +
1 + tan 2 x / 2 1 + tan 2 x / 2

22
 sec 2 x / 2 dx
= ∫ 3 + 3tan 2
x/2 + 4tan x/2 + 1 - tan 2 x/2
sec 2 x/2 dx
= ∫ 4 + 4 tan x/2 + 2tan 2 x/2
2dz
= ∫ 2z 2
[Q tan x/2 = z]
+ 4z + 4
dz dz
= ∫z 2
+ 2z + 1 + 1
= ∫
( z + 1) 2 + (1) 2

= tan −1 ( z + 1) + c = tan −1 (tan x/2 + 1) + c

π
π
(h) (i) Û¶÷±í ßÂËõþ± Ð ∫
0
4 log(1 + tan θ)dθ =
8
log 2

π/2
Ans. I = ∫ 0
log(1 + tan θ)dθ

π/2 π 
∴I = ∫
0
log1 + tan − θ dθ
4 

π/4  1 − tan θ 
= ∫
0
log1 + dθ
 1 + tan θ 

π/4  2 
= ∫
0
log
 1 + tan θ
 dθ

π/4
= log 2 ∫0
dθ − I

π π
2I = log 2 ∴ log 2
4 8
π
sin x + cos x 1
(ii) Û¶÷±í ßÂËõþ± Ð ∫
0
4
9 + 16 sin 2x
dx =
20
log 3 3+3

π/4 sin x + cos x

Ans. I = ∫ 0 9 + 16 sin 2x
π/4 sin x + cos x
= ∫ 0 25 − 16(sin x − cos x ) 2
dx

0 dz
= ∫ −1 25 − 16 z 2
sin x − cos x = z

(cos x + sin x)dx = dz

23
 0
1 dz
=
16 ∫
-1 5
2
2
  −z
4
0
 5 
+z
1 1  4
= × ln 
16 5 5
2.  −z
4  4  −1

 5 
−1
1  5/4 4
= x ln − ln 
40  5 / 4 5
+1
 4 

1  1
= 0 − ln 
40  9

1
= log 3 (Proved).
20

24