Higher Nationals

Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)

INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS

Programme title

Assessor Internal Verifier

Unit 13: Computing Research Project
Unit(s)

Assignment title

Student’s name
List which assessment Pass Merit Distinction
criteria the Assessor has
awarded.

INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST

Do the assessment criteria awarded match

those shown in the assignment brief? Y/N

Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded

justified by the assessor’s comments on the
student work? Y/N

Has the work been assessed

accurately? Y/N

Is the feedback to the student:

Give details:

• Constructive? Y/N

Y/N
• Linked to relevant assessment
criteria?

• Identifying opportunities for

improved performance? Y/N

Y/N
• Agreeing actions?
 Confirm action completed

Remedial action taken

Give details:

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier
signature Date
Programme Leader
signature (if required) Date

Does the assessment decision need

amending? Y/N

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier signature Date

Programme Leader signature(if
required) Date
Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID
Unit Title
Assignment Number Assessor
Date Received 1st
Submission Date
submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date
submission
Assessor Feedback:

LO1 Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research process
Pass, Merit & Distinction P1 P2 M1 D1
Descripts
 Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:
Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken place and grades decisions have been agreed
at the assessment board.

Assignment Feedback
Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student

Action Plan

Summative feedback

Feedback: Student to Assessor

Assessor signature Date

Student signature Date

Pearson
Higher Nationals in
Computing
Unit 13: Computing Research Project
Project Proposal
General Guidelines

1. A Cover page or title page – You should always attach a title page to your assignment. Use previous page as your
cover sheet and be sure to fill the details correctly.
2. This entire brief should be attached in first before you start answering.
3. All the assignments should prepare using word processing software.
4. All the assignments should print in A4 sized paper, and make sure to only use one side printing.
5. Allow 1” margin on each side of the paper. But on the left side you will need to leave room for binging.

Word Processing Rules

1. Use a font type that will make easy for your examiner to read. The font size should be 12 point, and should be in
the style of Time New Roman.
2. Use 1.5 line word-processing. Left justify all paragraphs.
3. Ensure that all headings are consistent in terms of size and font style.
4. Use footer function on the word processor to insert Your Name, Subject, Assignment No, and Page Number on
each page. This is useful if individual sheets become detached for any reason.
5. Use word processing application spell check and grammar check function to help edit your assignment.

Important Points:

1. Check carefully the hand in date and the instructions given with the assignment. Late submissions will not be
accepted.
2. Ensure that you give yourself enough time to complete the assignment by the due date.
3. Don’t leave things such as printing to the last minute – excuses of this nature will not be accepted for failure to
hand in the work on time.
4. You must take responsibility for managing your own time effectively.
5. If you are unable to hand in your assignment on time and have valid reasons such as illness, you may apply (in
writing) for an extension.
6. Failure to achieve at least a PASS grade will result in a REFERRAL grade being given.
7. Non-submission of work without valid reasons will lead to an automatic REFERRAL. You will then be asked to
complete an alternative assignment.
8. Take great care that if you use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, you properly reference them,
using the HARVARD referencing system, in you text and any bibliography, otherwise you may be guilty of
plagiarism.
9. If you are caught plagiarising you could have your grade reduced to A REFERRAL or at worst you could be excluded
from the course.
Student Declaration

I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present it as my own without
attributing the sources in the correct way. I further understand what it means to copy another’s work.

1. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.

2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of the Edexcel UK.
3. I know what the consequences will be if I plagiaries or copy another’s work in any of the assignments for
this program.
4. I declare therefore that all work presented by me for every aspects of my program, will be my own, and
where I have made use of another’s work, I will attribute the source in the correct way.
5. I acknowledge that the attachment of this document signed or not, constitutes a binding agreement between
myself and Edexcel UK.
6. I understand that my assignment will not be considered as submitted if this document is not attached to the
attached.

Student’s Signature: Date:

(Provide E-mail ID) (Provide Submission Date)
Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number

Unit Number and Title Unit 13 – Computing Research Project

Academic Year

Unit Tutor

Assignment Title Final Research Project Proposal

Issue Date

Submission Date

IV Name & Date

Submission Format:

The submission is in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a concise,
formal business style using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings,
paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and
referenced using the Harvard referencing system. Please also provide a bibliography using the Harvard
referencing system.
Research Project Proposal - Please provide a referencing list using the Harvard referencing system.
The recommended word limit is minimum 2000 words.

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1. Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research process.
Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial intelligence (AI), sometimes called machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by
machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans and other animals. Computer
science defines AI research as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment
and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals.
Artificial Intelligence covers computer systems which are able to perform tasks normally requiring
human intelligence. These tasks might include visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making,
and translation between languages and many more.
AI impacts on every aspect of society and has the potential to be fully integrated into daily work and
social lives in the very near future.

Learner requires to select a suitable area from the areas given below to conduct a research and
further, needs to develop appropriate Topic, Research Questions and Research Objectives.
 How does AI aid the in-depth exploration of an environment or system?
 What role may AI play in generating content for big brand products and services?
 How does AI and machine learning contribute to the innovative use of technology e.g. robotics,
automotive transportation?
 What impact will the future influences of AI have in our daily lives?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The Learner requires to produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research question or hypothesis,
supported by a literature review (Use the project proposal and ethical consideration form template formats)

Project Proposal should cover following areas;

1. Definition of research problem or question. (This can be stated as a research question,

objectives or hypothesis)
2. Provide a literature review giving the background and conceptualisation of the proposed area
of study. (This would provide existing knowledge and benchmarks by which the data can be
 judged)
3. Consider and define research methodology and research process. Demonstrate
understanding of the pitfalls and limitations of the methods chosen and ethical issues
that might arise.
4. Draw points (1–3, above) together into a research proposal by getting agreement with your tutor.
Grading Rubric

Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback

P1 Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research

question or hypothesis, supported by a literature review

P2 Examine appropriate research methods and conduct

primary and secondary research.

M1 Evaluate different research approaches and methodology,

and make justifications for the choice of methods selected
based on philosophical/ theoretical frameworks.
D1 Critically evaluate research methodologies and processes
in application to a computing research project to justify chosen
research methods and analysis.
Research Proposal Form
Student Name :: Maajid Nazar Student number : COL/A -
060739
Centre Name : Esoft Metro Campus
Tutor : Tharaka Date :
Unit : CRP
Proposed title :

Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities

Start the research proposal by the heading ‘Section One: Research Title’. Following the section heading,
include an introductory paragraph which describes the content under the current heading (for instance,
Section One). Some of the important concepts which should be included in this section are given below.

Title of the research project

Describe here either the research question, the main objective of the research, or if applicable the hypothesis.
This subsection answers the question, what you are going to do in this research? The question that you
answer should produce a very useful result. Furthermore, you must be able to find the data, resources, and
should be able to finish within the time allocated for a semester. This description should not be lengthy.

Research Objectives

Research objectives essentially describes how you are going to obtain the main objective of the research
(the sub objectives), how you are going to prove the hypothesis (if any) using the research methodology
which you are going to use. The research objectives can be described as a list of points. The research
objective can be quite abstract (such as the one given by the main objective), or less abstract (list of points
which describes how you are going to do the research).

Sample Research Objectives :

Research Title: Regular exposure to the tetris video game improves spatial intelligence of teenagers who
are between 16-18 years.

Research Objectives

 Critically review the available literature on impact of different video games on the
intelligence of teenagers, more specifically on spatial intelligence, and establish the
theoretical framework.
 Carefully develop the research design.

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 13

  Setup experiments to support collection of data for a representitive sample, which contains
young students.
 Obtain ethical clearence.
 Collect data by conducting the planned experiments.
 Analyze data statistically.
 Write the final report, and project closure.
Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project

Start this section in a new page and include the heading ‘Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research
project’. The content of this section should be strucutured as subsections.

During this section, you should justify the following points.

1) Why you have selected you topic

Justify why you are much capable of doing this research such as due to your competencies, high interest, in
order to improve some of your specific skills or types of knowledge. However, it is always important that
the topic you select must sustain your interest.

2) Why the topic you selected is important

Research should not be based on a preconceived idea, must not answer a question which is not useful or
which cannot be answered. In particular, you must justify why this topic is important to the world. In fact,
your research must do a contribution to existing body of knowledge.

Section Three: Literature sources searched

Include the heading ‘Section Three: Literature Review’ followed by an introductory paragraph, which
describes what this chapter is about.

Use of key literature sources to support your research question, objective or hypothesis. This section should
include citations. Use the harvard referencing format. Try to cite research papers.

The literature review is not a mere summary of the existing literature. It should give an accurate picture of
the general field, but rather than discuss every text in detail it should focus on works that are directly related
to your specific topic. It is usually best to focus on the most prominent and recent contributions to your
topic.

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 14

 Section Four: Activities and timescales

Give this section the heading Section Four: Activities and Time Scales. Include How long this will take:
an introductory paragraph for this section (as in the general case).

Include,
Activities to be carried out during the research project (e.g. research,
development, analysis of ideas, writing, data collection, numerical analysis,
tutor meetings, production of final outcome, evaluation, writing the report)
Milestone one: .........................................................................................

Target date (set by tutor): .........................................................................................

Milestone two: .........................................................................................

Target date (set by tutor): .........................................................................................

Section Four: Research approach and methodologies

Provide the heading for this section as ‘Section Four: Research approach’.

In this section of your proposal you will need to answer questions such as the following.

1. What kind of data or sources will you use?

2. How will you collect and manage this material?
3. Which theoretical and methodological techniques will you use to interpret and analyze these
data/sources?
It is important that the above research questions are answered in a logical manner with a clear flow between
the answers. This section should be very detailed having many pages. The research proposal should be
developed in way that it could be scrutinized rapidly.

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 15

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 16
Research Ethics Approval Form
All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of data
collected from human participants are required to gain ethical approval before commencing their
research. Please answer all relevant questions and note that your form may be returned if
incomplete.

Section 1: Basic Details

Project title: What impact will the future influences of AI have in our daily lives?

Student name: Maajid Nazar

Student ID number: COL/A - 060739

Programme: HND in Network Engineering

School: Esoft Metro Campus

Intended research start date: 2019-04-09
Intended research end date: 2019-09-02
Section 2: Project Summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as part of your project:

• Interviews:

• Questionnaires:

• Observations:

• Use of
Personal

Records:

• Data Analysis:

• Action
Research:

• Focus Groups:

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 17

 • Other (please

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 18

 Section 3: Participants
Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants? Yes

Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:

Ages 12-16: Young People aged 17–18: Adults:

How will participants be recruited (identified and approached)?

Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are doing:

Studies involving questionnaires: Will participants be given the option of omitting questions they do not
wish to answer?

Yes: No:
If No please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues arising from this.

Studies involving observation: Confirm whether participants will be asked for their informed consent to
be observed.

Yes: No:
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e. give them a brief explanation of the study)?

Yes : No:
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study? (This could be a brief summary of
your findings in general)

Yes: No:

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 19

 Section 4: Data Storage and Security
Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with the Data Protection Act
(1998)
Yes: No:
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
Only Me
During the research:
Where will the data be stored? My Lap top

Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used?

Yes: No:
If yes, please provide further details:

Aer the research:

Where will the data be stored? My Laptop

How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format? Document format as long as its required

Will data be kept for use by other researchers?

Yes: No:
If yes, please provide further details:

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 20

 Section 5: Ethical Issues
Are there any particular features of your proposed work which may raise ethical concerns? If so, please
outline how you will deal with these:
Ethical issues, have constantly been a part of thinking about new technology, which includes of
computer science. According to the researchers’ opinion, the incapability to value or a number on
human feelings and painlessness.
Many machine learning models are trained using a cost function.
Another moral issue presented by artificial intelligence reasoning is the question of obligation. If a
machine learning model makes an errant prediction, who is held to be accountable? Would it be
advisable for it to be the doctor who managed the patient? Or on the other hand would it be advisable
for it to be the group of information researchers that made the model?

Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research and Ethics Policy:
Yes: No:
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit Tutor:
Yes: No:
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct and that this is a full description of the ethics issues that may arise in
the course of my research.

Name : Maajid Nazar

Date: 02-09-2019

Please submit your completed form to : Mr.Tyrell wood

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 21

 Esoft Metro Campus
HND IN
NETWORK ENGINEERING

Project Proposal

Name: <Maajid Nazar>

Registration Number: COL/A – 060739

Project Title: How does AI and machine learning contribute

to the innovative use of technology in health sector?

Supervisor: Mr. Tyrell Wood

Date: 02/09/2019

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 22

Abstract
AI and machine learning have certainly enriched our future thereby making the need for intelligent
and sophisticated systems more important than ever. More related to this document, the researcher
has mentioned which methodologies are selected with possible cause. This document investigates
the issues of building up the research methodology and development of research design within
field of artificial intelligence. The document analyzes systemic approach for developing a research
methodology for building up a research philosophy.

Based on the research onion model analysis, the research onion six layers was mentioned, in which
layer would be required for this research. This document portrays the steps for selection of research
methodology and implementation of artificial intelligence and machine learning contribute to the
innovative use of technology in health sector.

So as to help doctors make better decisions, manage patient data information effectively, create
personalized medicine plans from complex data sets and discover new drugs. This research will
also explore how AI and machine learning gives a perspective on a future helping individual
patients.

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 23

Table of Contents
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 23
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 27
1.1 Purpose of this research.................................................................................................. 28
1.2 Problem in brief .............................................................................................................. 28
2. Aim & Objectives .................................................................................................................. 29
2.1 Aims .................................................................................................................................... 29
2.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 29
3. Literature Review...................................................................................................................... 30
3.1 How does Artificial intelligence and machine learning contribute to the innovative use of
technology in health sector ........................................................................................................ 30
3.1.1 What is Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare? ...................................................................... 30
3.1.2 Innovative applications of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare .................................. 30
3.1.2.1 Medical records ......................................................................................................... 31
3.1.2.2 Clinical decision making ........................................................................................... 31
3.1.2.3 AI powered health assistants ..................................................................................... 31
3.1.2.4 Precision medicine ..................................................................................................... 31
3.2 Future Applications of Artificial intelligence in healthcare ................................................ 32
3.3 How does artificial intelligence (AI) interact with robotics? .............................................. 33
4. Methodology.......................................................................................................................... 34
4.1 Research Onion .............................................................................................................. 34
4.1.1 Pragmatism Research ................................................................................................... 35
4.1.2 Deductive Research ...................................................................................................... 35
4.1.3 Mixed methodologies research ..................................................................................... 35
4.1.4 Case study and Survey .................................................................................................. 35
4.1.5 Cross Sectional research ............................................................................................... 35
4.1.6 Data collection method ................................................................................................. 35
4.2 Data Collection Method ...................................................................................................... 36
4.2.1. Primary data collection ................................................................................................ 36
4.2.2 Secondary data collection ............................................................................................. 36
4.3 Qualitative Research ........................................................................................................... 37

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 24

 4.4 Quantitative Research ......................................................................................................... 37
4.4.1 Selection for Qualitative research................................................................................. 37
4.5 Sample Design..................................................................................................................... 38
5. Ethical Issues ......................................................................................................................... 39
6. Work Plan .............................................................................................................................. 40
6.1 Project Timeline .................................................................................................................. 40
7. Milestone ............................................................................................................................... 41
8. References ............................................................................................................................. 42
9. Glossary of Terms ................................................................................................................. 43

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 25

Table of Figures
Figure 1 Six layers of the research onion...................................................................................... 34

List of Tables
Table 1 Project Timeline ............................................................................................................... 40
Table 2 Milestone ......................................................................................................................... 41

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 26

1. Introduction
Artificial Intelligence can simply be defined as a part of computer science that creates
intellectual machines, which execute various activities such as speech recognition, learning,
planning and problem solving. Similarly, to the computer systems, AI is the imitation of human
intelligence processes by machines. Learning (the collection of information and rules for using
the information), reasoning and self-correction are some of these processes.
Basically, AI is a software that demonstrates abilities like analytical, learning and decision
making similar to those of humans. It also studies intelligent entities, from an engineering
perspective as well as from a philosophical and psychological perspective. A philosophical
view is significant especially when looking at the threats of a society where artificial and
human intelligence seems to co-exist.
In the security and defense expanse, the AI-powered software will intensely change the digital
security threat landscape. Cyber risks could be reduced by enhanced detecting attacks, but on
the other hand it could increase if hackers gain control. Even more serious incidents could
occur by reducing the cost of creating cyber-attacks and enabling more targeted occurrences.
The hacker attack or the same programming error could be simulated on numerous machines.
Or a single machine would be able to repeat the same erroneous activity various times, leading
to an unanticipated addition of losses.

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been in the news again as it has been greatly
developed in machine learning, speech processing, natural language generation, robotics, and
agent technology, not to mention due to big investments. Google Translate, Microsoft’s Skype
Translator, Google’s Rank Brain, IBM’s Watson, Apple’s Siri, Honda’s ASIMO and new
startups mix with movies, healthcare, social and political simulation and energy management
are some such examples. Even in education, medicine, cognitive and complexity sciences AI
has achieved some success due to better interfaces, algorithms and mechanisms, and also
because of interdisciplinary research in techniques that mirror biological behavior. Moreover,
to consider intelligence at large this is a strong signal of more democracy and respect for
approaches, thus also indicating a more mature field.

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 27

 1.1 Purpose of this research
The purpose of this research is that artificial intelligence plays an increasingly larger role
in day to day life as the future unfolds. The more artificial intelligence impacts on
healthcare, the more people will realize about their own health. Artificial intelligence (AI)
and machine learning (ML) have a rapidly growing presence in today’s world, with
applications ranging from heavy industry to education.

Artificial intelligence in the medical sector depends on the investigation and understanding
of immense measures of informational collections so as to help doctors make better
decisions, manage patient data information effectively, create personalized medicine plans
from complex data sets and discover new drugs.

1.2 Problem in brief

In this section, the researcher has mentioned the problems faced by the health sector which
is led by human errors. Human errors are one of the leading reasons of patient’s death.
Such errors can be related and prevented by Artificial intelligence. Almost 400,000 people
die each year due to medical errors operated by human physicians.
In the healthcare industry, nearly 86 percent of the mistakes are preventable. All of these
errors can be prevented with implementing artificial intelligence in health care. There are
dozens of health and pharma companies currently leveraging Artificial Intelligence to help
with drug discovery and improve the lengthy timelines and processes tied to discovering
and taking drugs all the way to market.

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2. Aim & Objectives
2.1 Aims
 The aim of my research project is to have a brief understanding about how artificial
intelligence and machine learning contribute to the innovative use of technology in health
sector. To which extent, artificial intelligence makes improvement in the field of health
sector enabling active communications with patients.
 To have additional support of overcoming the basic limitation of human perception to
reduce errors like, to have an accurate diagnosis in the screening process, enabling them
to expand the availability and to have a scope of these programs.
 As a learning and researcher, I wish to have more disruptive technologies get adopted in
order to challenge us and keep us resourceful.

2.2 Objectives
 In this research, the researcher has got a basic understanding of some advanced topics of
artificial intelligence, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and
robotics, expert systems, and planning.
 The researcher has addressed the purpose of this research, identified aims and objectives
of the research in to why this research was done.
 Then the researcher has gone through literature review, to be taken a step towards the
past through a bibliographic study, which has enabled us to review the work of our
academic predecessors who have addressed topics similar to ours.
 To have a brief understanding about different approaches while implementing artificial
intelligence in health care. In selection of data collection research methods with regards
of data analysis.
 Finally having a work plan in how the research has been done in a sequence which
resembles as the project timeline of the research. (Project Timeline & Milestone)

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 29

3. Literature Review
3.1 How does Artificial intelligence and machine learning contribute to the
innovative use of technology in health sector
3.1.1 What is Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare?
Artificial intelligence in healthcare refers to the use of complex algorithms designed to
perform certain tasks in an automated fashion. When researchers, doctors and scientists
input data into computers, the newly built algorithms can review, interpret and even suggest
solutions to complex medical problems.
Artificial intelligence designs particular individual care plans, and offers perceptions for
greater effective use of care management resources. It also being used to aim of improving
patient experience. Applications of artificial intelligence in healthcare are endless. Artificial
intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize any piece of work that can be operated
via binary commands and has a finite set of possibilities (N. Murali, 2018).

3.1.2 Innovative applications of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

The idea of artificial intelligence is at present being outfit irately, and the eternity thriving
field of healthcare sector is utilizing it to achieve more prominent products for humanity.
Presently, artificial intelligence consciousness is contacting pretty much every field of
concern, for example, business, interpretation, promoting, photography, and some more.
Artificial intelligence consciousness is additionally altogether being utilized in the medicinal
services segment.
Currently, medical artificial intelligence brainpower has been adopting various computer
aided technologies to perform clinical diagnoses and suggest treatments. Artificial
intelligence has the capability of detecting meaningful relationships in a data set and has been
widely used in many clinical situations to diagnose, treat, and foresee results (Jiang F, 14
June 2017). Some of the innovative applications in healthcare is mentioned below:

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 30

 3.1.2.1 Medical records
Medical professionals need high quality administrative organization to understand mass
datasets. DeepMind Health, for instance, is working together with Moorfields Eye Hospital
to improve eye treatment by mining information. By 2050, the number of individuals
experiencing sight loss in the UK is expected to double. In its partnership with Moorfields,
DeepMind Health has connected AI to one million eye scans, looking for conditions that
human may miss (Cox, 3 OCT 2018).
3.1.2.2 Clinical decision making
IBM has launched Medical Sieve, an algorithm with diagnostic thinking abilities. Medical
Sieve assists with decision making in radiology and cardiology, decreasing the survey heap
of the clinicians that analyze conditions. Clinicians regularly experience the ill effects of
eye weakness subsequent to review several pictures, which can influence their capacity to
distinguish issues. Medical Sieve's picture guided informatics framework works close by
them to give extra clinical learning while holding precise diagnoses (Cox, 3 OCT 2018).
3.1.2.3 AI powered health assistants
In artificial intelligence, assistants like Mabu Catalia, a personal healthcare assistant which
is built on a HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) compliant system
located in the cloud. Mabu utilizes the stage to give constant information about the patients
it collaborates with. This can incorporate drug dosages, application, nourishment, and
exercises. Gathering individual data permits Mabu to participate in custom fitted
discussions, and thus give all-encompassing counsel to improve care. Collaborators like
Mabu could be utilized in emergency clinics, clinical preliminaries, care homes or for
outpatients (Cox, 3 OCT 2018).
3.1.2.4 Precision medicine
These software models could become an artificially intelligent, prescient simple for
healthcare improvement. This will be a piece of the genomics insurgency, a move that has
just started. With combination of artificial intelligence, Deep genomics can possibly totally
revamp how we handle health. Deep Genomics has built up an AI fueled disclosure stage
that supports the distinguishing proof and formation of hereditary drugs. It scans for
potential drug candidates and predicts the changes they could cause in genetic diseases
(Cox, 3 OCT 2018).

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3.2 Future Applications of Artificial intelligence in healthcare
Artificial intelligence in the medical field relies at the analysis and interpretation of large
amounts of information units as a way to help medical doctors make better decisions, manage
patient information statistics effectively, create personalized medical plans from complicated
data units and discover new drugs. Growth opportunities may be difficult to come back with
the aid of without significant investment from companies, but a major opportunity exists in
the self-running engine for growth within the artificial intelligence region of healthcare
(Wang, 2017).
Artificial intelligence applications within the health care industry can possibly make $150
billion in investment funds every year for the United States, an ongoing Accenture study
gauge, by 2026. With AI in healthcare subsidizing perusing notable highs of $600m in value
financing. There are immense anticipated value subsidizing arrangements and equity deals as
the years continue (Fei Jiang, 2018).
Saliently, AI speaks to a significant opportunity for primary concern development with the
establishment of artificial intelligence into the healthcare sector, with a joined expected 2026
estimation of $150bn. Some of them are referenced below:
 Robot-Assisted Surgery
 Virtual Nursing Assistants
 Administrative Workflow Assistance
 Fraud Detection
 Dosage Error Reduction
 Automated Image Diagnosis

The development, in any case, isn't startling and with the necessities of the healthcare industry
of which AI fits the gap. With the anticipated 2026 estimation of robot assisted medical
procedure, virtual nursing partners and regulatory work process help are required to be
esteemed at $40bn, $20bn and $18bn individually, the numbers accompany claims that are
the most impressive.

Maajid Nazar CRP Proposal 32

3.3 How does artificial intelligence (AI) interact with robotics?
Artificial intelligence and machine learning involves software programs classifying
information and settling on choices about things in reality. Apply autonomy includes
controlling items in reality. This makes the capacity to control this present reality utilizing a
mix of AI and mechanical technology. Simultaneously, artificial intelligence consciousness
projects can utilize information from this present reality gained through mechanical
technology to improve their exhibition. Artificial intelligence have a harmonious relationship.
One evident utilization of AI to mechanical autonomy is in computer vision. Computer vision
enables robots and automatons to explore this present reality all the more precisely (Chetan
Sakharam Tirgul, 06 June 2017).
This has different applications for individuals: One trial robot could remind individuals about
standard things, for example, leaving milk outside of the icebox. Robots are now utilized in
assembling, however for the most part in prearranged undertakings. Robots could learn
assignments with AI by being appeared by people or through solo AI. That implies they could
be moved to new openings without an individual having to reinvent them. Another real
utilization of AI to mechanical autonomy that has gotten consideration as of late is self-
sufficient or self-driving autos. This sort of utilization is appealing in light of the fact that
human driver mistake is the most widely recognized reason for mishaps (Indranil Mitra,
March 2017).
An automated vehicle won't get worn out, hindered, or heedless the manner in which a human
driver can. While there have been a couple of prominent mishaps including independent
vehicles, they have a great deal of potential to be more secure than human-driven vehicles.
A noteworthy research zone including robots and AI is in restorative advances. Robots later
on could perform medical procedure without mediation from a human specialist. Similarly,
as with self-ruling vehicles, mechanical specialists could perform fragile tasks for longer than
human doctors can, without getting tired or making mistakes (Murphy, 1957).

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 4. Methodology
4.1 Research Onion
The research onion is utilized in clarifying the research philosophy for the investigation
with the research onion system. This methodology taken in utilizing the research onion
framework is to go from the external layer to the inner layer of the research onion.
Be that as it may, the research onion model was fundamentally intended for business thinks
about, in this way it is off base to adjust this model as for researching of about what's to
come. The investigation of writing on prospects contemplates procedure revealed that
futures studies is a specific research field as it deals with phenomena which are not
actualized yet, along these lines it supports explicit ontological and epistemological
suspicions which lead to pick of systems, strategies and techniques not quite the same as
ones utilized in business thinks about.
There are various layers to the research onion, the reason being that you start from the
outside and peel each layer away until you reach the core. These layers are broken up into
six main areas: Pragmatism Research, Deductive Research, Case study and survey, Mixed
method research, Cross- sectional research, Data collection method (Melnikovas, 2003).
The six layers of the research onion is presented in figure 3.1

Figure 1 Six layers of the research onion

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4.1.1 Pragmatism Research
This research forms a basis of the research by depiction of philosophy, nature of the real
world, nature, wellsprings of learning or actualities and axiology values, beliefs and ethics
of the research.
This research could yield better research results with the opportunity to use a mix of various
methods on this research. The alternative to the pragmatist studies philosophy is the use of
the interpretation research philosophy which can be used inside the behavior of research,
but those did not in fit the requirement of the research.
4.1.2 Deductive Research
This research can be implied by the research philosophy on previous level and commonly
include: deduction, the research starts with an existing theory, then rising a question or
speculation and data collection with a purpose to affirm or reject the hypothesis. The
research begins with observation and data collection, moving to description and analysis in
order to form a theory. The observation of an empirical phenomena is observed by the
research which comes up with a fine bet or conclusion primarily based on available
evidence.

4.1.3 Mixed methodologies research

Mixed methodologies research determines the use of quantitative and qualitative methods
together, or have both methods combined.

4.1.4 Case study and Survey

This research is focused to collect and analyze data: experiment, survey, archival research,
case study, ethnography, action research, grounded theory, narrative inquiry.
4.1.5 Cross Sectional research
Cross-sectional research involves in collection of data at a specific point of time;
longitudinal – collection of data repeatedly over a long period of time in order to compare
data.
4.1.6 Data collection method
The use of primary, secondary data, choosing sample groups, developing questionnaire
content, preparing interviews, etc.

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 4.2 Data Collection Method
Data collection is a process of collecting information from all the relevant sources to find
answers to the research problem, test the hypothesis and evaluate the outcomes.

4.2.1. Primary data collection

Primary data is data that began simply because with the aid of the specialist via direct
endeavors and experience, in particular for the motive of addressing the research problem.
In other words, also known as the direct or crude information. Primary data collection
method is quite high-priced, because the research is directed by using the organization itself,
which requires property like investment and labor. The data facts collection is beneath direct
control and supervision of the expert.
How data is collected:
Surveys, observations, testing physically, forwarded questionnaires, personal interviews,
telephonic interviews, focus groups and case studies etc.

4.2.2 Secondary data collection

The secondary data collection method is data collection method, where the data is already
collected from someone else. It is the conveniently availability of data researched and
accumulated from various different sources authority publications, research records of an
organization, journals, books, web sites and articles of a venture.

With regards to both of this data collection method, the researcher has selected the primary
research method. In the qualitative research, the relation for collection of data methods is to
have an open-ended questionnaire in the form of an interview to be conducted to collect the
responses by targeting a set of individual working towards the field of artificial intelligence.
These type of research data are based on the quality, so that they are descriptive rather than
numerical in the real form. The interview would be organized for 5 members and it would
take 2 hours to conduct.

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4.3 Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is primarily fact-finding research. The research is done for gaining an
understanding of underlying reasons, opinions and motivations.
Qualitative research allocates insights to any problem, helps to develop thoughts and
discussions for potential quantitative research.
The research is mainly based on individuals, societies, languages and communications.
Although there are many methods of inquiry in qualitative research, the common
assumptions are that knowledge is subjective rather than objective and that the researcher
learns from the participants in order to understand the meaning of their lives.

4.4 Quantitative Research

Quantitative research is a research which is structured in a way of collecting and analyzing
data and information obtained from different sources.
The research involves the use of computational and statistical tools to derive outputs. The
research has a wide scope and it is used to explore the causes of potential problems that may
exist. The results of the qualitative research can differ according to the skills of the
researcher, but the results of the quantitative research are interpreted in an almost similar
manner by the experts.

4.4.1 Selection for Qualitative research

According to this research, the researcher has selected qualitative research because with
analysis to look deeper into problems, the qualitative approach helps to discover new
thoughts and individual views. It helps in interaction among respondents, as they depend on
perceptions, views, opinions and ideas of people. By observation, recording and
interpretation of non-verbal communication, it plays an integral role during interviews.
The interview responses will explore the opinion of the respondents. Some respondents may
not give appropriate information. The results of the qualitative research can differ according
to the skills of the researcher.

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4.5 Sample Design
Samples are collected to obtain an understanding of a population due to the fact it is typically
not feasible to look at all individuals of the population. The purpose is to accumulate samples
that offer an correct illustration of the population. Constraints on money and time dictate that
the sampling attempt should be efficient. More samples are had to symbolize the character of
incredibly variable populations than much fewer variable populations.

 With regards to this research, the sample design is done for the population of individuals
working within the field of artificial intelligence.

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 5. Ethical Issues
Ethical issues, have constantly been a part of thinking about new technology, which
includes of computer science. According to the researchers’ opinion, the incapability to
value or a number on human feelings and painlessness. Many machine learning models are
trained using a cost function.
Another moral issue presented by artificial intelligence reasoning is the question of
obligation. If a machine learning model makes an errant prediction, who is held to be
accountable? Would it be advisable for it to be the doctor who managed the patient? Or on
the other hand would it be advisable for it to be the group of information researchers that
made the model?

The third issue lies in the domain of patient security. Is it appropriate to utilize persistent
information to prepare models? Would it be advisable for it to require assent or not? Which
information focuses ought to be permitted to be utilized?

Finally, there is this problem of bias. There is a worry that anticipating results on patients
may rely upon things, for example, race, sexual orientation, and age. This may prompt
patient separation.

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 6. Work Plan
6.1 Project Timeline
Table 1 Project Timeline

Task APR MAY MAY JUNE JULY AUG AUG SEPT OCT
01 - 31 01 - 15 16 - 31 01 - 31 01 - 31 01 - 15 16 - 31 01 - 31 16 - 31
Literature Review

Confirm research
question

Develop proposal
Develop research
methodology
Select sample
population
Allocation of data
collection
Contact pilot
interview

Contact interview

Analyse data
collection method

Draw conclusion

Draft research
results
Review draft
research result
with Supervisor
Final document

Submit and
research document

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 7. Milestone

Table 2 Milestone

Process Definition Start Date End Date Duration

Confirm research question 29/04/2019 31/04/2019 03 Days

Develop research methodology 16/05/2019 10/05/2019 25 Days

Allocation of data collection 02/06/2019 18/06/2019 17 Days

Contact interview 29/09/2019 02/10/2019 05 Days

Analyse data collection method 04/09/2019 21/09/2019 18 Days

Review the draft research result with

03/10/2019 16/10/2019 14 Days
supervisor

Submit and research document 17/10/2019 25/10/2019 09 Days

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 8. References
Chetan Sakharam Tirgul, M. R. (6 June 2017). Artificial Intelligence and Robotics .

Cox, L. (3 OCT 2018). 5 Applications Of Artificial Intelligence In Healthcare.

Fei Jiang, Y. J. (2018). Future applications in healthcare.

Indranil Mitra, S. G. (March 2017). Artificial intelligence and robotics.

Jiang F, J. Z. (14 June 2017). Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future.

Melnikovas, A. (2003). Adapting Research onion model.

Murphy, R. (1957). Introduction to AI robotics.

N. Murali, N. S. (2018). Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare .

Wang, Y. (2017). Artificial intelligence in healthcare: future applications.

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 9. Glossary of Terms
AI is a set of mathematical approaches to program machines behave consciously.

Machine learning is a class of algorithms which optimize mathematical expectation

without improving the algorithm by learning from data.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Natural Language Processing focuses on the interactions between computers and human
language in both the spoken and written form, in particular through the processing,
analysis, and comprehension of large amounts of natural language data.

Robotics
The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and
application of robots. Most robots today are used to do repetitive actions or jobs considered
too dangerous for humans.

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