Layer hen breeds, also known as laying hens, are a specific type of chicken bred and raised

primarily for egg production. These breeds are selected for their ability to consistently lay a
high number of eggs over an extended period. Layer hens are typically raised in specialized
facilities called layer houses, where they are provided with optimal conditions to maximize
egg production.

There are various layer hen breeds available, each with its own characteristics and suitability
for specific production systems. These breeds have been developed through selective
breeding programs that emphasize traits such as high egg production, egg size, shell quality,
and temperament.

Layer hens typically start laying eggs at around 18 to 20 weeks of age and continue to lay
eggs for a significant portion of their productive life, which can be up to 2 to 3 years or more.
During their peak production period, which usually occurs in the first year, layer hens can lay
eggs almost daily, with some breeds capable of producing more than 300 eggs per year.

Nowadays, poultry commercial farms in Ethiopia use the following breeds; the ability of each
breed type to produce fertile eggs at the time of our survey is shown for each breed type.

✓ Dual purpose breeds

Cochin chickens: This chicken breed can lay ranging between 160 to 200 eggs per year

✓ Broiler breeds

Cobb 500: can lay ranging between 160 to 200 eggs per year

✓ Layer hen breeds

Bovan Brown breeds can lay ranging between 250 to 300 eggs per year

Lohmann brown –classic can lay ranging between 290 to 305 eggs per year

• Layers housed in a colony typically produce more eggs than those in free-range.
It's important to note that individual variations can occur within a flock, and factors such as
genetics, nutrition, housing conditions, health management, and environmental factors.

• Genetics: Bovan Brown and Lohmann Brown are both hybrid breeds specifically
selected for their high egg-laying abilities. The genetics of these breeds play a
significant role in determining their egg production potential.
• Nutrition: Proper nutrition is crucial for optimal egg production. Hens require a
balanced diet that provides them with the necessary nutrients, including protein,
vitamins, minerals, and calcium. Any deficiencies or imbalances in their diet can
negatively impact egg production.
• Lighting: Lighting plays a vital role in stimulating egg production. Hens require a
specific photoperiod (light and dark cycle) to maintain their egg-laying rhythm.
Generally, hens need around 14-16 hours of light per day to maximize egg
production. Artificial lighting can be used to supplement natural daylight hours.
• Environmental conditions: The environment in which the hens are housed can affect
their egg production. Factors such as temperature, humidity, ventilation, and
cleanliness can impact the hens' comfort, health, and overall productivity.
• Health and disease management: Healthy hens are more likely to lay eggs
consistently. Effective disease prevention measures, vaccination programs, and
regular health checks are essential to minimize the impact of diseases on egg
production.
• Stress levels: High-stress levels can lead to reduced egg production. Factors such as
overcrowding, poor handling, predator threats, or sudden environmental changes can
cause stress in hens, affecting their egg-laying capacity.
• Age: Egg production typically increases as hens mature, reaching peak production
around 6 to 8 months of age. Afterward, egg production gradually declines over time.
• Seasonal variations: Egg production can vary seasonally, with hens often
experiencing higher production levels during longer daylight periods and milder
weather conditions.
Source
Bovans Brown Chicken Breed: Everything You Need to Know (thehappychickencoop.com)
https://www.thehappychickencoop.com
elfora agro industries plc
alema farms plc
kombolcha poultry farm plc
ethio chicken plc