Physical Education

 Recreation – May be defined as those activities which an individual is not

bound to do. (Enjoyable, satisfying, appealing, capable of sustaining pleasure)
 Revitalizes physical body, mind and emotion
 Needs to participate in recreation
o Socializing Behavior – is a motive in recreation that includes
companionships. Main purpose is to relating to others in informal or
non-stereotypical ways.
o Associative Behavior – a motive in recreation that includes
togetherness because of common interests
o Exploratory Behavior – involves exploration in a certain degree; open
up new environments for the participant
 Values of Recreation
o Relaxation – releases the tension from whole day of work and revitalize
your senses.
o Reduce Stress – revitalizing your senses from loads of work in school,
at home, or work. Can be achieved through active participation in
recreational activities.
o Social Benefits – merging with other people with common interests is a
value that enables the individual to be more sociable and have a
satisfying relationship with others.
o Effective Time Utilization – it benefits not only your mind and body
but also manage the use of your time in an efficient and productive
matter
o Sharpen Skills – oftentimes hobbies performed in the form of sports
and arts, utilizing the skill in that certain field will surely sharpen it for
over a period of time
 Classification of Recreational Activities
o Arts and Crafts – Painting, sculpting, drawing, singing, dancing
o Outdoor Activities – Camping, hiking, mountaineering, cycling
o Technology Based – Internet surfing, playing musical instruments,
watching movies
o Fitness and Sports – Badminton, basketball, football, athletics,
gymnast
 Recreational Activity – pertains to those activities that people choose to do to
refresh their bodies and minds. (Enjoyment, amusement, pleasure, health
benefits)
 Recreational activities can be classified into two groups; Indoor and
outdoor
 o Indoor Recreational Activity – Indoor; activities that can be done
inside; does not require large spaces.
o Outdoor Recreational Activity – Are done outside in an open and
natural environment
 Land Outdoor Activity – Hiking, Rock Climbing, Backpacking,
Camping
 Water Outdoor Activity – Sailing, Surfing, Fishing
 Air Outdoor Activity – Skydiving, Parasailing, Paragliding
 Benefits of Recreational Activities
o Psycho-Emotional health
o Physical health
o Economics
o Spiritual health

EAPP
 Structure of Academic Writing
o Straightforward
o Business-like
 Rhetorical Patterns Used in Academic Writing
o Descriptive Writing – most basic type of all academic writing styles;
explains a topic or issue, by clarifying and giving info through
description
o Analytical Writing – involve not only just describing and defining the
topic, but also rearranging them in a logical sequence.
o Persuasive Writing – requires you to convince your readers of an
argument whose varied angles you have thoroughly analyzed and would
like to defend.
o Critical Writing – when using this mode, you need to identify the main
arguments in addition to summarizing important aspects of the topic.
 Language Used in Academic Writing
o Jargon – referred to as shoptalk or specialized language known only to
certain professions
o Free of jargon, colloquial expressions and politically incorrect terms
o Politically Correct Terms – aims to diminish the disparity among
people on the basis of physical ability, financial status and other social
constructs.
o Academic writing uses language that is concise, precise, logical and
inclusive.
 Topics, Themes, Ideas for Academic Writing
o Your choice of topic is an important factor in academic writing, for
it will determine the message that you will impart to your readers.
  Understanding Academic Text
 Determining the Author’s Purpose
o To inform
o To entertain
o To persuade
o To inspire
 Determining the Author’s Tone
o Formal
o Casual
o Sarcastic
 Determining the Relevance of the Text
o Analyzing Key Information
 SQRRR (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review)
 SQRRR – enables you to complete the cycle of reading from the
initial phase of browsing through it to evaluating what you’ve
learned
o Literal Meaning – what is stated directly by the text and writer
o Implied Meaning – when what is said is not directly what is meant
 Skimming and Scanning
 Thesis Statement – is the main idea of your paper that is usually conveyed in
one declarative sentence, serving as a summary for your text.
 Parts of a Thesis Statement
o Claim/ Conviction (What to prove)
o Objective (What to accomplish)
o Position (What you believe in)
o Issue (What your problem is)
 Functions of A Thesis Statement
o Thesis statement expounds on an answer to an issue or topic
o Thesis statement gives direction to the academic text
o Thesis statement defends a writer’s claim
 Guidelines in Formulating a Thesis Statement
o Expressed as a declarative sentence
o More than just a statement of fact about a topic
o Contain enough supporting details and should be more than just a title
o Specific enough to be defended
o Reflect your opinion, giving enough arguments that can be proven

Gen Phys
 Structure of The Atom
o Protons, neutrons, and electrons
o Proton and neutron in nucleus; electrons orbit nucleus
  Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

 Conductivity – is the measure of ease at which an electric charge moves

through a material
 Conductors – are materials that readily allow the flow of charges through
them.
 Insulators – are materials that resist the flow of charges
 Semiconductors – are intermediate between conductors and insulators
 Superconductors – offer practically no resistance to the flow of charges below
some critical temperatures.
 Charging by Friction – results when two different materials are rubbed
together.
 Electron Affinity – refers to the tendency of an atom to become negatively
charge.

Gen Chem
 Kinetic Theory of Matter
o All matter is made up of tiny particles
o All particles of one substance are the same
o Different pure substances are made of different particles
o Particles are always moving
o There are attractive forces between particles
 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gas
o The size of the particles is too small compared to the distances between
them
o Gas particles are constantly moving
o Gas particles do not attract nor repel each other
o The average kinetic energy of gas particles increases with temperature
 Kinetic Molecular Theory of Solids and Liquids
 o
o Liquids and solids have less internal energy to move molecules, making
them denser compared to gases
o The molecules in a liquid are close enough to slide past one another and
be slightly compressible, which gives the liquid the ability to assume the
shape of its container
o The molecules of a solid are held rigidly at fixed positions and have
little freedom to move. Thus, solid is generally incompressible and has a
definite volume and shape
 The state a substance is in a particular temperature and pressure depends
on 2 entities; kinetic energy of particles and strength of attraction between
them
 Intermolecular Force – attractive forces between molecules; responsible for
keeping matter in solid or liquid phases
 Intramolecular Force – force which keeps molecules together
 Types of Intermolecular Forces of Attraction
o Dispersion forces
o Dipole-dipole
o Hydrogen bond
o Ion-Dipole
o Dipole-Induced Dipole
o Ion-Induced Dipole
 Dipole-dipole Force – attractive forces between polar molecules; uneven
sharing of electrons between atoms sharing a covalent bond causes one to be
partially positive and the other partially negative
 Hydrogen Bond – strong type of dipole-dipole interaction; occurs when
molecules interact through dipole-dipole interactions between hydrogen atoms
in a polar bond and an electronegative atom.
 Hydrogen Bonding – arises in part from high electronegativity of nitrogen,
oxygen, and fluorine
 London Dispersion Forces – result from the formation of two temporary
dipoles
 Ion-Dipole Force – results in the interactions between a polar molecule and an
ion.
 Polarizability – tendency of an electron cloud to distort
 Dipole Induced Dipole – is a force between nonpolar and polar molecules
 Viscosity – resistance of a liquid to flow
 Adhesion – an attraction between unlike molecules
 Cohesion – intermolecular attraction between like molecules
 Vaporization – broader term that includes evaporation and also boiling
 Vapor – gaseous state of a substance which is normally a liquid or solid at
room temperature
 Volatile Substances – substances that evaporate readily
 Vapor Pressure – equilibrium pressure of a vapor above its liquid (or solid), or
the pressure of the vapor resulting from evaporation of a liquid above a sample
of the liquid in a closed container
 Boiling Point – temperature at which its vapor pressure equals atmospheric
pressure. (760 Torr)
 Lewis Dot Structure – a simplified representation of valence electron in an
element or in a molecule
 Octet Rule – refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in
the valence shell


 Electron Configuration
o Energy Level – represents electron shells that are located around the
nucleus
o Orbitals – shows the most probable pathway of an electron that is in
motion around the nucleus
 Orbital Diagram – a style of notation that depicts the electron distribution and
electron spin within orbitals of an atom
o Aufbau Principle – states that electrons fill lower energy atomic
orbitals before filling higher-energy ones
o Pauli’s Principle – states that two electrons in the same orbital must
have opposite spin
o Hund’s Principle – states that every orbital in a sub level is singly
occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied
CPAR
 Art – the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination,
producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional
power.
 Visual Art – any art work, such as drawing, painting, ceramics, or
photography, that appears primarily to the visual sense.
o Drawing – is a representation of any form or object by hand through
pencil, pen, charcoal, etc.
 The Petroglyphs of Angono or the drawings on the stones –
the first ever drawing of the forefathers of the Filipino, and
depicts how the people were living in the past, and drawings like
this is considered as one of the countries treasure and can still be
found in Rizal.
o Painting – is the process or art of using colors, in a picture, as a
protective coating, or as decoration.
 Spoliarium by Juan Luna – the stunning and attractive product
of the paintings that’s been done by a Filipino; depicts the
basement of the Roman Colosseum where fallen gladiators are
dump; shows how the Filipinos struggle in life during Spaniard
colonization.
 Making of the Filipino Flag by Fernando Amorsolo – in the
time of the American colonization where Filipino artists searched
for their identity.
 Tiange (Market Scene) by Vicente Manansala – depicts the
market scene in the Philippines that been done by famous cubic
painter.
o Sculpture – can be defined as a 3 dimensional art form that uses
materials like clay, stone, or wood for its execution.
 Bul-Ul or Tinagtaggu – is a sculpture made by Filipino’s
forefathers, as “Anito” or their gods in the region of Cordillera.
o Calligraphy – art of writing letter in a manner that looks visually
appealing
 Alibata or Baybayin – 1st alphabet recorded in Philippine history
and first system of writing in the Philippines
o Photography – the art of producing an image of an object on a
photographic film
 Execution of Rizal by Firing Squad – By Manuel Arias
Rodriguez
 1952 Tia Loleng – by LVN Pictures, Palma Hall, UP Diliman
 Applied Art – is a form of art that has practical application as well as
functionality. Also the product of imagination can be used in our daily lives.
 o Architecture – is the art or practice of designing and constructing
buildings
 Bahay Kubo – a type of stilt house indigenous to the cultures of
the Philippines. Also known as payag or kamalig in other
languages
 Bahay na Bato – balay na bato or balay nga bato; a type of
building originating during the Philippines’ Spanish colonial
period.
o Fashion Design – art of designing apparel that is aesthetically pleasing
as well as functional.
 Pre-Colonial Philippines Fashion – focuses on the culture of
the Philippines.
 Colonial Philippines Fashion – focuses on culture being passed
down from the colonizers
o Jewelry Design – A different form of art that involves the design of
intricate pieces of jewelry from metals, wood, and plastic. Ex. is Paineta
o Pottery – one of the oldest and most widespread of the decorative arts
where objects made are commonly useful ones, such vessels for holding
liquid, plates, bowls from which food can be served.
 Manunggul Jar (Palawan) – Burial jar excavated from a
Neolithic burial site in the Manunggul cave of the Tabon Caves at
Lipuun Point in Palawan, Philippines.
 Performance Art – forms of creative activity that are performed in front of an
audience such as drama, music, and dance. Considered most entertaining
o Dance – is a performing art form consisting of a purposefully selected
sequence of human movements. (Pre-colonial, Colonial, Post-colonial)
 Ifugao/ Kaloob Dance – dance at weddings, planning and
harvest rituals, funerals, and rites of passage. Full of symbolism,
their dances reflect their values and aspirations, civility and
spiritually.
 Singkil – originated from the Maranao people who inhabit the
shores of Lake Lana.
 Sayaw sa Obando o Sayaw kay Santa Clara – a catholic
festival celebrated every May in Obando, Bulacan Philippines, to
honor and ask for a baby to some couple who can’t have any.
o Music – is a form of art that combines vocal or instrumental sounds to
create a composition.
 Harana at Kundiman – popular lyrical songs dating back to the
Spanish period and are customarily used in courtship rituals and
the colorful era of the Filipino not just in art but also in
expressing their love.
 Literary Art/ Literature – is the art form of language, and words are its tools.
(Noli Me Tangerie and El Filibusterismo)
 Artists – a person who practices any of the various creative arts; one who
professes and practices an imaginative art
o Fernando Amorsolo – was the Philippines’ first National Artist and is
officially recognized as the “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art”; He
romanticizes life and reminding us the beauty of the people and nature
especially in the rural areas; societal issues
 Types of Artists
o Personal – artist expresses what he/she feels in his/her heart and mind;
this explains how modern art focuses more on the beauty and scenes,
and how contemporary art gives attention to the artist’s feelings that can
either be positive or negative emotion
o Physical – the artist finds a need to create something not only pleasing
to look at but something useful as well; arts that is made for the benefit
of the artist or made beneficial for everybody.
o Immaterial – artist gives form to the immaterial, the hidden truth of the
universe, and the spiritual force that inhabits the world;
o Immaterial/Social – main focus of the Filipino artists today which is
Social Realism, giving the true form to awaken our minds to the truths
of our world through their meaningful and mind blowing artworks.
 Order of the National Artist – is the highest award conferred by the President
of the Philippines to national artists.
o Qualifications
 Living artist who is a Filipino citizen for last ten years
 Artist who built a Filipino sense of Nationhood through their art
 Artist who have distinguished themselves by pioneering in a
mode of creative expression or style, making an impact
 Benefits
o Rank and Title of National Artist
o INSIGNA of a National Artist and a Citation
o Cash award of 100,000 PHP net of taxes for living
o Monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization benefits
o Life insurance coverage for awardees who are still insurable
o A state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani
 Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayad (GAMABA) or National Living Treasure
Award – awarded to artists engaged in folk or traditional arts and who have
reached a high level of technical skill and artistic excellence. (1992 RA. 7355,
NCCA in-charge)
 Ginaw Bilog (Jan. 3 1953 – June 3, 2003) – a Filipino poet recognized as a
national living treasure, known for his efforts in preserving the Mangyan poetry
tradition of ambahan.
 Masino Intaray (April 10 1943 – Nov. 30, 2013) – a Filipino poet, bard artist,
and musician who is a Palawan native known for his performance of the local
traditions of bascal, kulilal and bagit; used instrument of Kudyapi.
 Lang Dulay – Filipino traditional weaver credited with preserving her people’s
tradition of weaving T’nalak, a dyed fabric made from refined abaca fiber.
 Alonzo Saclag (Aug. 4, 1942) – instrumental in establishing the practice of
children wearing traditional Kalinga clothing for important school events as
well as the teaching of Kalinga folk songs in schools.

REED
 NOTE WALA TI GI DISCCUSSAN OR GI INGNAN UNSAY
CATHOLIC SOCIAL TEACHINGS SO GI PANG SEARCH RA NAKO
NI. GUD LUCK…
o Life and Dignity of a Human Person – Catholic church proclaims that
life is sacred and that the dignity of the human person is the foundation
of a moral vision for society; every person is precious and more
important than things
o Call to Family, Community, and Participation – The person is not
only sacred but also social. Marriage and the family are the central
social institutions that must be supported and strengthened, not
undermined.
o Rights and Responsibilities – Health community can be achieved only
if human rights are protected and responsibilities are met.
o Preferential Option for the Poor – Our tradition instructs us to put the
needs of the poor and vulnerable people first.
o Dignity of Work and the Rights of Workers – The economy must
serve the people, not the other way around.
o Solidarity – We are one human family whatever our national, racial,
ethnic, economic and ideological differences.
o Care for God’s Creation – We are called to protect people and the
planet, living our faith in relationship with all of God’s creation.
 Respect for human life
o Intentional Homicide
 Commandments forbid direct and intentional killing
 Infanticide, fratricide, parricide, and the murder of a spouse are
especially grave for reason of natural bonds
 Acceptance of murderous famines is a scandalous injustice and
grave offense
 Unintentional killing is not morally imputable.
o Abortion – human life must be respected and protected from the
moment of conception.
o Euthanasia – Those whose lives are diminished or weakened deserve
special respect. Sick or handicapped persons should be helped to lead
lives as normal as possible.
 o Suicide – Everyone is responsible for his/her life before God who has
given it to them; contradicts the natural inclination of the human being
to preserve and perpetuate their life.
 Respect for dignity of a person
o Respect for the Soul of Others: Scandal
 Scandal – an attitude or behavior which leads another to do evil.
 Scandal – takes on a particular gravity by reason of the authority
of those who cause it or the weakness of those who are
scandalized.
o Respect for Health
 Life and physical health are precious gifts entrusted to us by God
 Concern for the health of its citizens requires that society help in
the attainment of living-conditions of that allow them to live
 Virtue of temperance disposes us to avoid every kind of excess
 Use of drugs inflicts grave damage
o Respect for the Person and Scientific Research – research or
experimentation on the human being cannot legitimate acts that are in
themselves contrary to the dignity of persons and to the moral law, even
with their consent.
o Respect for Bodily Integrity
 Kidnapping and hostage taking bring on a reign of terror, by
means of threats.
 Terrorism threatens, wounds, and kills indiscriminately
 Torture is contrary to respect for the person and for human
dignity.
 Amputations, mutilations, and sterilizations, when not for
medical reasons, are against the moral law
o Respect for the dead
 The dying should be given attention and care to help them in their
last moments in dignity and peace.
 Bodies of the dead must be treated with respect and charity, in
faith and hope of the resurrection.
 Church permits cremation
 Safeguarding Peace
o Peace
 Anger – is a desire for revenge
 Deliberate hatred is contrary to charity
 Respect for and development of human life requires peace.
 Peace is not merely the absence of war. Peace cannot be attained
without safeguarding the goods of persons, free communication,
respect for dignity, and assiduous practice of fraternity.
 Peace is tranquility of order
o Avoiding War
  5th commandment forbids the intentional destruction of human
life.
 All citizens and governments are obliged to work for the
avoidance of war.
 Countries can act in lawful self-defense

DRR
 Hazard – anything imposed to humanity; natural event
 Vulnerability – factors such as physical, social, economic and environmental
increase susceptibility of a hazard
 Disaster – happens when hazard hits a vulnerable populated area
 Natural Event – hazards that hit uninhabited areas and not called a disaster
 Natural Event – becomes a disaster when it hits a
population/properties/victims
 Types of Hazards/ Disasters
o Geologic
o Hydrologic
o Atmospheric
o Hydrometeorological
o Biological
o Man-made
 Occurrence of disaster depends on the interplay between the hazard and
the vulnerability of the population. (exposure and vulnerability)
 Disaster risk = function (Hazard, exposure, vulnerability)
 Displacement risk = Hazard * Exposure * Vulnerabilities
 Characteristics of A Disaster
o Knows no political boundaries
o Requires restructure and new responding organizations
o Creates new tasks and requires more people as disaster responders
o Renders inutile routine emergency response equipment and facilities.
o Worsens confusion in understanding the roles of people and
organizations
o Exposes lack of disaster planning, respond and coordination.
Inexperience disaster organization often fail to see what their proper role
are
 Impacts of Disaster
o Medical effects
o Damage to critical facilities
o Disruption of transportation
o Economic impact
o Global environmental change
 o Social and political impact
 Dimensions of Exposure
o Physical
 Industrial and high potential loss facilities and facilities contain
hazardous materials
 Essential facilities
 Industrial lifelines
 Transport lifelines
 Utility lifelines
o Social
o Economic
o Environmental
 UNISDRS – United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
Secretariat
 Factors of Vulnerability
o Physical – determined by population, density level, remoteness, the site,
design and materials used for infrastructure.
o Social
 PWD
 Seniors
 Women Single
 Children
 Medication dependent
 Unemployed
 Ethnic Minorities
 Homeless
 Incarcerated individuals
 Marginalized groups
o Economic – susceptibility of individuals, communities, business and
government to absorb the effects of hazard
o Environmental – Rapid urbanization in hazard areas more vulnerable to
disaster risk