EXPERIMENT NO.

Aim of the Experiment

slgnals,
To study and demonstrate the process of pulse code modulatlon and demodulatlon
Apparatus required:

1. PCM trainer kit(VCT-07)

2, Dual Trace Oscilloscope (30MHz)
3. Patch chords

IECHNICAL SPECIFICATION:
Crystal Frequency :6.14MHz
Onboard Generator
Sine wave generator
Variable DC Source
Sampling Frequency :32MHz
LPF :Fourth order Butterworth flter

Theory:
pulse code
Pulse Code Modulation is known as digital pulse modulatlon technique. In fact, the
3
modulation technique that the message signals Is subjected to a great number of operatlons. It of
ln the transmltter
main part i.e., transmitter, transmission path and recelver. The essentlaloperatlons
Is the operatlon In whlch an analog
of a PCM system are sampling quantizing and encoding. Sampling
The quantlzing
signal is sampled according to the sampling theorem resulting In a discrete time slgnal.
Also, the essentlal In
and encoding operations are usually in the same circuit which Is known as an ADC.
the traln of quantized.
the receiver are regeneration of impaired signals, decoding and demodulatlon of
digital to analog
These operations are usually performed in the same circult whlch Is known as
converter.
recelver,
Further at intermediate points along the transmission route from the transmltter to the
pulses In order to
regenerative repeaters are used to reconstruct the transmitted sequence of coded
combat the accumulated effects of signal distortlon and nolse. The quantizatlon refers to the use of a
value of the
finite set of amplitude levels and the selection of a level nearest to apartlcular sample
quantized values
message signal as the representation the system at transmission in which sampled and
Modulatlon, Two
of an analog signal are transmitted via a sequence of code words is called Pulse Code
modulatlon.
most commonly used versions are the differential pulse code modulatlon and delta

The PCM communication system is shown in Fig 1. In the circult Is often called an analog to
dlgltal
converter. The functional block that performs the task of accepting binary digits and generating
appropriate sequences of levels is called a digital to analog converter. The bandwldth of PCM wll be
much greater than that of the message. PCM 0s used to convert analog signals to blnary form.

27
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 FSEODE

OEM0DULAT ION ( VeT07:

PULSE CODE MODULATION
(MD9ULATJCN
MORI4TION
GENERATOR MAS TER
OSCLLATIR
SNAAE SENEA YCR

LCM PASs
REDJ91L cMEAILAwiurtr
GENERATYORN

&
DENIORLA7ON
S r t y t Mu

SRE WANE DEN9DUSATLOS

PRER

PALLEL
LATEM
CONVEATEP

CHENNA[-96.
Vi Micrasystens Pvt, Ltd.,
V"T- 0?
PROCEDURE:

diagram.
1. Connection is made as per the
from low to high and high to low.
2 Set the start of conversation switch
the amplitude of sine wave (250 Hz) to the maximum level.
3. Set
the PCM output.
4. Observe the waveform at
output to PCM input.
5. Now connect the PCM
the modulated output and demodulated output.
waveform at
6. Observe the
modulation
demonstrate the process of pulse code
to study and
CONCLUSION:-The above experiment
studied and demonstrated successfully.
signals was
and demodulation
 POWER
ON

P1

MIN
MIN
SINE
WAVE GENERATOR
LEVEL DC
(250Hz) (0-5V) SIGNAL
GND

MAX MAX

PLSE
PCM IN DSCILLATOR
GENERATOR
Vi SPCLK TIMING
LOGIC
MASTER

ms CODE
CONVERTER
PARALLEL
SERIAL LCLK
TO

SPCLK MODULATION
S6 S5 s4 S3 S SO REGISTER
GENERATOR
SINEWAVE
SHIFT

Pvt.
g4 02N
PASS
LOW
td., FILTER
&
LATCH
DEMODULAT
ION MODULATION
O.cLK
DEMODULATION
96. D7 D6 DS D4 D3 D2 D! DO

EDC SOC CLK

INPUT

CONVERTER
ANALOGDIGITAL
TO
CONVERTERDIGITAL ANALOG
TO

VCT-07+ ()
(MSB)
06 05 02 (LSB)

PASS
LOW
FILTER

cONVERTER PARALLELPDUTCM
SERIAL
TO
REV 0
DEMODULATED
OUTPUT