CSURV223P Inclined Stadia Sights

HIGHER SURVEYING | PRELIMS

PROBLEM SOLVING FORMULAS Sample Problem:

Determining Stadia Interval Factors

Sample Problem:

Step 1: Determine the K of each individual points using

the formula:
𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝐾𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 =
𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
wherein: s = upper – lower
a. in solving for HD (Horizontal Distance)
Step 2: Determine the average K using the formula:
Use the formula:
Σ𝐾 𝑯𝑫 = 𝐾𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 + 𝐶𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
Ave. K =
𝑛
b. in solving for VD (Vertical Distance)
Horizontal Stadia Sights
(Length of the Line between Two Points) 𝑯𝑫 = 𝐾𝑠(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼)(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼) + 𝐶𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

c. in solving for ID (Inclined Distance)

Sample Problem:
𝑰𝑫 = 𝐾𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝐶
Solution Check:
𝑰𝑫 = √(𝐻𝐷)2 + (𝑉𝐷)2

d. in solving for DE (Difference in Elevation)

Use the formula:

𝑫𝑬 = 𝐻𝐼 + 𝑉𝐷 − 𝑅𝑅
Step 1: Determine s of the points using the formula:
Use of Stadia Reduction Table
𝒔 = 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Sample Problem:
Step 2: Determine d of the points using the formula:

𝒅𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 = 𝐾𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 𝐶

Step 3: Determine L using the formula:

𝑳 = 𝑑1 + 𝑑2
 Step 3: Determine HD and VD using the formulas:
𝐾
𝑯𝑫 = 𝐻𝑂𝑅 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇 ( ) 𝑠 + 𝐶𝐻𝐷
100
𝐾
𝑽𝑫 = 𝐷𝐼𝐹𝐹 𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉 ( ) 𝑠 + 𝐶𝐷𝐸
100
b. in solving for DE

Use the formula:

𝑫𝑬 = 𝑅𝑅 + 𝑉𝐷 − 𝐻𝐼

b. in solving for Required Elev

𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒗 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑃 + 𝐷𝐸

Indirect Leveling by Stadia

a. in solving for HD (Horizontal Distance) and VD (
Vertical Distance)
Sample Problem:
Step 1: Determine s using the formula:
𝒔 = 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Step 2: Determine HOR DIST, DIFF ELEV, CHD , CDE
using the Stadia Reduction Table.

INTERPOLATION FORMULA:
For HOR DIST:

𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

=
𝑥 − 𝐻𝑂𝑅 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐻𝑂𝑅 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝐻𝑂𝑅 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

For DIFF ELEV:

𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
=
𝑥 − 𝐷𝐼𝐹𝐹 𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝐼𝐹𝐹 𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝐷𝐼𝐹𝐹 𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

Example:

Find the HOR DIST and DIFF ELEV given the

a. in solving for VD (Vertical Distance)
observed angle 15˚23’.
Use the formula:
Since there is no 23 minutes in Stadia Reduction Table,
𝑽𝑫 = 𝐾𝑠(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼)
we’re going to use interpolation to determine its
corresponding HOR DIST and DIFF ELEV.
NOTE: When computing for the Vertical Distance of a
Backsight, if the α is negative, the VD is positive and vice
For HOR DIST:
versa.
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
=
𝑥 − 𝐻𝑂𝑅 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐻𝑂𝑅 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝐻𝑂𝑅 𝐷𝐼𝑆𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
b. in solving for CE/DE (Change in
23 − 22 24 − 22 Elevation/Difference in Elevation)
=
𝑥 − 92.98 92.95 − 92.98
Use the formula:
HOR DIST = 92.965 𝑪𝑬 = 𝑅𝑅𝑏𝑠 ± 𝑉𝐷𝑏𝑠 ± 𝑉𝐷𝑓𝑠 − 𝑅𝑅𝑓𝑠
For DIFF ELEV:

𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑥 − 𝐷𝐼𝐹𝐹 𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
=
𝐷𝐼𝐹𝐹 𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − 𝐷𝐼𝐹𝐹 𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
c. in solving for ELEV

23 − 22 24 − 22 Use the formula:

= 𝑬𝑳𝑬𝑽𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 = 𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 ± 𝐶𝐸𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑥 − 25.55 25.60 − 25.55

DIFF ELEV = 25.575

 Step 1: Determine the distance of each point from the
theodolite using the formula:
Stadia Traverse
1
𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 =
Sample Problem: 𝜃𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
tan ( 2 )
Step 2: Determine the length of the line using the formula:

𝑫 = 𝑑1 + 𝑑2

Locating Contour Lines by Interpolation

Sample Problem:

a. in solving for HD and Mean HD in each line:

Use the formulas:

𝑯𝑫 = 𝐾𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼
(𝐻𝐷𝐵𝑆 + 𝐻𝐷𝐹𝑆 )
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑯𝑫 =
2

Example:
Refer to the table above, find HD of Line AB a. in determining the difference in elevation
𝑯𝑫𝒂𝒃 = 𝐾𝑠𝑎𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼𝑎𝑏
𝑯𝑫𝒂𝒃 = (100)(2.341)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (5°49′ ) Use the formulas:
𝑯𝑫𝒂𝒃 = 𝟐𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝟗𝟔𝒎
𝑫𝑬 = 𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑏 − 𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑎
𝑯𝑫𝒃𝒂 = 𝐾𝑠𝑏𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼𝑏𝑎 (difference in elevation between A and B)
𝑯𝑫𝒃𝒂 = (100)(2.335)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (5°49′ )
𝑯𝑫𝒃𝒂 = 𝟐𝟑𝟏. 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝒎 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 = 𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 − 𝐸𝐿𝐸𝑉𝑎
(difference in elevation between contour point and A)
(𝐻𝐷𝐵𝑆 + 𝐻𝐷𝐹𝑆 )
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑯𝑫 =
2 a. in determining the horizontal distance of contours
(231.696 + 231.102) from A
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑯𝑫 =
2
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑯𝑫 = 𝟐𝟑𝟏. 𝟑𝟗𝟗 Use the formula:
𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝒉𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 = (𝐻 )
𝐷𝐸
wherein: H = map distance

Subtense Bar Method

Sample Problem: