Modern Indian History

Resurgence in Revolutionary
Terrorism
CDM
Congress Ministries
Recap
Formation of Congress 1885
Moderates
Extremists 1900s

1905
Swadeshi Movement
1908
Surat Spilt

Revolutionary Activities- Phase I 1900s to 1912

Ghadar Movement 1912 to 1915

Home rule movement 1916 to 1918
Recap
Gandhian Era 1915 Moderates, Tilak out of
Jail, Starting of Home Rule
Champaran 1917
1918 Home Rule Movement
Ahmedabad
Kheda 1918
End of Home Rule
Mont-Ford Movement
1918
Reforms
Rowlatt Act 1919 Mont-Ford Reforms

Rowlatt
Satyagraha
Gandhiji in India
Aug, 1920 Contemporary World
Khilafat Events
Non Co-operation Feb, 1922
1917, Communist
Gandhi Arrested March, 1922 Revolution
Political Vacuum 1923 Spread of Communist
Ideology
Swarajists Nov , 1923

Weakening of 1924 Resurgence of

Swarajists Revolutionary Activities
1926
Gandhi Others

Rowlatt Act 1919 No Progress

Rowlatt Satyagraha
1920 No Progress
Khilafat Movement
Non-Cooperation 1920 No Progress

End of NCM 1922 Swarajists & No Changers

Gandhi in Jail 1922
Revolutionary Activities
Political Vaccum 1922-28
Phase -II
Revolutionary Phase 2 Background
It is easy to kill individuals
but you cannot kill the
Why sudden increase in revolutionary activities? ideas. Great empires
crumbled, while the ideas
1.Spread of Marxism and Socialist Ideas survived

Inspired by the soviet revolution (1917)

Upsurge of working class, trade unionism after

the War
Rise of Communist & Socialist groups

The rise of a left wing, within the congress Nehru and Shubash
Revolutionary Phase 2 Backgroundइं क़िलाब
क़िन्दाबाद...Long
Why sudden increase in revolutionary activities? Live Revolution
2. Sudden withdrawal of the non-cooperation movement
Questioned emphasis on non-violence

Not attracted to the parliamentary work of the

Swarajists & also of No- Changers

Journals , Novels, Books memoirs and articles extolling the self-

sacrifice of revolutionaries
Bandi Jiwan by Sachin Sanyal and by Sharatchandra
Chatterjee
Revolutionary Phase 2 Background
Q. What is the fundamental difference between Revolutionaries of
Phase I & Phase II ??

Both advocated radical solutions for economic, political and social ills of
the country
Down with
Imperialism...
Phase II Revolutionary इं क़िलाब क़िन्दाबाद
Nationalism + Anti-imperialism +Social Justice

Also raised the question of internal class

oppression by capitalists and landlords
Revolutionary Activities-Phase II
1. Formation of  Commmunist Party of India @ Tashkent (1920)
Leaders M.N. Roy, Abani Mukherji
Revolutionary Activities-Phase II
2.Kanpur Bolshevik conspiracy case
1924New communists were tried by the Government Why?

S.A. Dange "to deprive the King Emperor of his sovereignty

Muzaffar Ahmed of British India, by complete separation of India
Shaukat Usmani from imperialistic Britain by a violent
Nalini Gupta revolution."
Revolutionary Activities-Phase II
2.Meerut conspiracy case In 1929
31 labour leaders were arrested on the charge of conspiracy
3 Englishmen also included in 31

Government took to Public Safety bill to deport foreigners helping

Indian people

3.Revolutionary Terrorism

Punjab-UP-Bihar Bengal
Revolutionary Activities-Phase II
Punjab-UP-Bihar
1. Hindustan Republican Association
founded in October 1924 @ Kanpur
later renamed Hindustan Socialist Republican Association

Ramprasad Bismil Sachin Sanyal Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee

Revolutionary Activities-Phase II
Punjab-UP-Bihar Hindustan Republican Association
Q. Aim of HRA?
Aim to organise an armed revolution to overthrow the colonial
government and establish in its place a Federal Republic of United
States of India whose basic principle would be adult franchise

Kakori Robbery ( 9th August 1925) / Kakori Conspiracy

Revolutionary Activities-Phase II
Punjab-UP-Bihar Hindustan Republican Association
Kakori Robbery ( 9th August 1925)
Revolutionaries, led by Ram Prasad Bismil looted, the British treasure
from a train at Kakori near Lucknow
Bismil ka sandes hai ki lahore jane wali
train ko hum kakori ke pass lotenge aur
unhi paiso se hathiyar kharidenge
 UPSC Prelims-1997
Q. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer:
List-I List-II
A. Chittagaon 1. Lala Hardayal
B. Kakori Conspiracy
2. Jatin Das
C. Lahore Conspiracy 3. Surya Sen
4. Ram Prasad Bismil
D. Ghadar Party
5. Vasudeo Phadke
(Ramosi peasant revolt)
Codes:
A. A-3; B-4; C-1; D-5
B. A-4; B-3; C-2; D-5 Answer:C
C. A-3; B-4; C-2; D-1
D. A-2; B-4; C-3; D-1
Revolutionary Activities-Phase II
September 1928 @ Feroz Shah Kotla Punjab-UP-Bihar

Formation of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association

Work under a collective leadership and adopted socialism as its official
goal

Bhagat Singh,
Sukhdev,
Bhagwaticharan Vohra
Bejoy Kumar Sinha,
Shiv Verma
Jaidev Kapur
Revolutionary Activities
Formation of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
Lahore Conspiracy Case
Saunders' Murder
(Lahore, December 1928)

Why Lahore conspiracy case?

Ab jo tera khun na khaula
wo khun nahi wo pani
hai...jo desh ke kaam na aayi
bekar wo jawani hai
Revolutionary Activities-Phase II
Lahore Conspiracy Case

Bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly (April 1929)

The Philosophy of the Bomb written by Bhagwaticharan Vohra
 इं क़िलाब
Revolutionary Activities-Phase II क़िन्दाबाद...Long
Bhagat SinghIdeological Rethinking Live Revolution

Revolution could only be "by the

masses, for the masses"
Establish the Punjab Naujawan Bharat Sabha (1926)
Bhagat and Sukhdev also organised the Lahore
Students' Union for open, legal work among students
 इं क़िलाब
Revolutionary Activities-Phase II क़िन्दाबाद...Long
Bhagat SinghIdeological Rethinking Live Revolution

Q. Role of HRA/HSRA?
"HRA stood for abolition of all systems which made
exploitation of man by man possible"

HRA had also decided to start labour and peasant

organisations and work for an organised and armed
revolution

These revolutionaries had started moving away from individual heroic

action and terrorism towards mass politics & marxism
Revolutionary Activities-Phase II
Bengal
Revolutionary groups reorganised their underground activities
many continued working under the Congress
1. Assassination attempt on the notorious Calcutta Police Commissioner,
Charles Thegart by Gopinath Saha in 1924

Gopinath Saha
Revolutionary Activities-Phase II Bengal
2. Chittagong Armoury Raid (April 1930)

Surya Sen

large-scale participation of
young women
Surya Sen
women provided shelter, carried messages and fought with guns in hand
Surya Sen
Kalpana Dutt
Pritilata Waddedar
Santi Ghosh
Suniti Chandheri
Gandhi in Jail 1922 Swarajists & No Changers

Political Vaccum Revolutionary Activities

1924 Phase -II
Political Vaccum
1924 Establishment of HRA
Gandhi comes out
from Jail Kakori Conspiracy
Constructive Work 1925 Muslim leagueDelhi
Simon Commission 1928 Proposal (1927)
Establishment of HSRA
Lahore Conspiracy
Civil Disobedience 1930 Chittagong Armory Raid
Movement