FULL NAME : PARDON MHIZHA

STUDENT ID : R129577

COURSE TITTLE : QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 1 (ONLINE)

COURSE CODE : NMMS202

LECTURER : MR P. TARAMBAWAMWE

FINAL EXAMINATION : EXAMINATION NOVEMEMBER/ DECEMBER 2021

DUE DATE : 17 NOVEMBER 2021

 Question One

a.

i. marital status : Norminal

ii. Number of students who drop this statistics course: Interval

iii. Time student spends studying for their first statistics test : Interval

iv. The weight loss over the first week of a “fad” diet : Ratio

v. The part on a new computer that breaks during the first year of ownership :

Norminal

b.
Number of classes:
2^k>n
Where n=75 Therefore k=7
2^7>75
=128>75
i. Class Width:
i≥(H-L)/k
i≥(109-29)/7
i≥80/7
i≥11.42
i≥12
 CLASS
LIMITS

18-29
30-41
42-53
54-65
66-77
78-89
90-109

c. cross tables also known as two-way tables are used in to summarize the relationship

between several variable categories in statistics. It is a special type of frequency

distribution table with which two variables are shown simultaneously. For example, a

researcher might be investigating the relationship between AIDS and sexual preference.

The two variables would be AIDS and SEXUAL PREFERENCE. The question is “Is

there a significant relationship between AIDS and sexual preference?” A chi squre test

could then be run on the table to determine if there is a relationship between the two

variables.
Uses of cross tables

 Cross tabulation allows you to summarize the data in categorical variables and

examine it to determine if there are any associations present.

 o examine the relationship between two categorical variables, such as gender and

income level, or location and homeownership.

Data in multiple bar charts is set of numerical and non numerical information that can

be analyzed in so many ways. Multiple bar charts outlines the relationship that exists

between different values of data with each data value being represented by a column.

Multiple data points of each data set or category are also shown with the additional

columns. The of different types of data are listed on the x-axis and the quantity of data on

the y-axis. Then each data set is also represented on a key provided depicted by a

different color on each category.

Uses of multiple bar chart

 Multiple bar charts are extremely useful if you want to present a large amount of

information in a small amount of space. Instead of having only one bar at each

division on the horizontal axis there are two or more bars.

 Multi-set Bar Charts is usually to compare grouped variables or categories to

other groups with those same variables or category types. Multiple Bar Charts can

also be used to compare mini Histograms to each other and each bar in the group

would represent the significant intervals of a variable.

.
Composite bar charts

These are bar charts which displays multiple data points stacked in a single row or

column This for example may take the form of uniform height bars charting a time

series with stacked internal colors representing the percentage boundary of each set of

data and there could also be a time series displaying total numbers with stacked internal

colors showing participation in the total by data sets. Composite Bar Charts are great for

displaying a lot of comparative information together in a simple way.

Composite Bar Charts allow you to add whiskers and they has no 3D, percent, or vertical

options.

Uses Composite bar charts

 Useful when the two sets of data are connected and also as the frequencies are

combined. For instance, when recording the takings from two branches of a

company, a composite bar chart will show the total takings from both branches

but also show the breakdown of sales from each company.

Question Three

a. The significance level defines the distance the sample mean must be from

the null hypothesis to be considered statistically significant or the

maximum risk or probability of committing the type 1 error and it is

 denoted by alpha while the confidence level defines the distance for how

close the confidence limits are to sample mean.

For example when significance level=0.01 or 1% confidence interval 0.99

or 99%. Thus 100%-1%=99%

b. Statistical tests are of various types, depending upon the nature of the

study. Statistical tests provide a method for making quantitative decisions

about a particular sample. Statistical tests mainly test the hypothesis that is

made about the significance of an observed sample.

They provide us with a mechanism or a way of making quantitative and

justified decisions about a process, finding or a study.

This is to find and see if there is enough evidence for example in

hypothesis whether to reject or accept the findings hence giving a sound

and a true conclusion. This also gives us a clear picture on our processes

whether we had enough information or data that led to the result we have.

Absence of data or information may result in the poor or disappointing

results. We may end up accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis and

accepting alternative hypothesis in fact when the findings maybe correct.

 Null and alternative hypotheses can also be one-sided. For instance, to

ensure that a lot of light bulbs has a mean lifetime of at least 1000 hours, a

testing program should take place. The null hypothesis here should show

that the mean lifetime is greater than or equal to 1000 hours. The

complement or alternative hypothesis that is being guarded against is that

the mean lifetime is less than 1000 hours. The test statistic is compared

with a lower critical value, and if the value is less than this limit, the null

hypothesis is rejected.

And also with some results derived fro the mean it is not easy to say

grades or salaries are distributed evenly without performing some

statistical tests to prove that. Some values may be bigger or smaller than

the other but by merely looking at the mean we may think that the are

equal.

If the data is supposed to be drawn from a specific distribution with

known parameters, then it can be tested whether or not it is a random

sample for the specific distribution by using chi-square tests.

Practical
 a. MEAN: ⴟ=∑fx/n
=63+83+54+63+71+45+68+68+62+52

10

=629/10

=62.9

Var=(63-62.9)^2+(83-62.9) ^2+(54-62.9) ^2+(63-62.9) ^2+(71-62.9) ^2+(45-62.9) ^2+(68-62.9)

^2+(68-62.9) ^2+(62-62.9) ^2+(52-62.9) ^2

10

=1040.9/10

=104.08

std dev=√variance

=√104.08

=10.2

ⴟ±ZϬ/√n

=62.9±1.96(10.2/√10)

=62.9±6.32

=56.58 or 69.22
 Theory

a. MEAN: ⴟ=∑fx/n
=50+75+60+56+63+32+55+69+67+43

10

=570/10

=57

Var=(50-57)^2+(75-57) ^2+(60-57) ^2+(56-57) ^2+(63-57) ^2+(32-57) ^2+(55-57) ^2+(69-57)

^2+(67-57) ^2+(43-57) ^2

10

=1648/10

=164.8

std dev=√variance

=√164.8

=12.84
 .

ⴟ±ZϬ/√n

=57±1.96(12.84/√10)

=57±4.06

= 52.94or 61.06

These two intervals shows that practical and theory results are closely related to the mean

with a confidence interval of 95%. Theory has values from 52.94 to 61.06 which contains a

mean of 57. Practical has values from 56.58 to 69.22 which contains a mean of 62.9.