POST GRADUADE GOVT GIRLS

COLLEGE QUETTA CANT.

SUBMITTED BY KALSOOM BIBI, BIBI

MARIA
SEMISTER 3RD BOTANY
TOPIC PRESENTATION REPTILES AND ITS
CHARACTERSTICS

SUBMITTED TO
MISS SONAM
REPTILES
INTRODUCTION
REPTILES

▪ furst truly terrestrial

vertrebrate
▪~7000 species
worldwide
▪~300 species inU.S.A
and Canada
REPTILES

▪Probably best
remembered for what
they once were,rather
then what thry are now
▪Mesozoic era age of
reptiles
▪Dominant group
for>150 million years
REPTILES
▪12 or so principal
group of reptiles
evolved
▪Only 4 groups remain
today
■ORDER SQUAMATA:
▪Snakes and lizards
▪>5800 species
▪Most successful
groups
■ORDER CROCODILIA:
▪Crocodiles,Alligators,
Caiman
▪~25 spicies
Have survived for 200
million years
▪Today:concerns that
humans may drive
them to extinction
■ORDER
CHELONIA(testudines):
▪Turtles
▪~330 species
▪Ancient group
that survived,
remained
mostly
unchanged
from early
ancestors
 ■ORDER RHYNCOCEPHALIA:
▪Snout head or tuatara
▪Only one species
▪From NewZealand‐sole
surviving species of
ancestral stock
CHARACTERSTICS
■ REPTALIAN
CHARACTERSTICS:
▪Tough,dry scaly
skin
▪Protection
against dessication,
physical injury
▪Thin epidermis
shed periodically
▪Much thicker
dermis with
chromotophores
■REPTILIAN
CHARACTERSTICS:
▪Dermis
converted into
snakeskin,
Alligators,
leathers in shoes,
purses,abd so on
▪Scales of
keratin(epidermal)
▪Not homologous
to bony,dermal
fish scales
■ SHEDDING:
▪ Snakes turn
old skin(scales,
epidermis)
inside out
when
shedding
■ SHEDDING:

▪Lizards spilt
skin and leave it
right side out,or
slough it off in
pieces
■ AMNIOTIC EGG:
■ AMNIOTIC EGG:
▪Reptiles are able to
lay their eggs in
sheltered location on
land
▪ Young hatch as lung
breathing juveniles,not
aquatic larvae
■ AMNIOTIC EGG:
▪Amniotic egg
widened division
between
amphibiansand
reptiles
▪Probably greatly
contributed to
decline of
amphibians and rise
of reptiles
■REPTILE JAWS:
▪Reptile jaws designed
for crushing prey
▪Fish and amphibians
jaws designed for
quick closure,but little
force after
▪Reptile jaw muscles
larger,longer,arranged
for better mechanical
advantage
■ REPTILE CIRCULATION:
▪more efficient
circulatory system,
higher blood pressure
▪All reptiles have
atleast an incomplete
separationof the
ventricles
▪Flow patterns prevent
mixing
■ REPTILE LUNGS:
▪Improved lungs
▪Depend almost
exclusively on lungs
for gas exchange
▪Supplemented by
pharygneal membrane
respiration in some
equatic turtles
■ REPTILES KIDNEY:
▪Kidneys more
advanced(metanephric)
▪Very efficient at
conserving water
▪Excretes uric acid
(rather then urea
ammonia)
▪A semisolid paste
BETTER BODY SUPPORT

▪Limbs better design for walking on land

▪More ventral less letral
▪Many dinosaurs walked on only hindlimbs
😊THANKS😊