E TN CBD Aisc LRFD360 05 006

©COMPUTERS AND STRUCTURES, INC.
, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA JUNE 2009

COMPOSITE BEAM DESIGN AISC-LRFD 360-05
Technical Note
Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for
Positive Bending
This Technical Note describes how the program calculates the positive bend-
ing moment capacity for a composite section assuming a plastic stress distri-
bution.
Overview
Figure 1 illustrates a generic plastic stress distribution for positive bending.
Note that the concrete is stressed to 0.85 f'c and the steel is stressed to Fy.
The distance yp is measured from the bottom of the beam bottom flange (not
cover plate) to the plastic neutral axis (PNA). The distance zp is measured
from the top of the concrete slab to the PNA; it can be different on the two
sides of the beam, as described later. The illustrated plastic stress distribution
is the basic distribution of stress used by the program when considering a
plastic stress distribution for positive bending. Note that if the metal deck ribs
are parallel to the beam, the concrete in the ribs also is considered.
0.85f’c
CConc
a
zp
CSteel
Fy
Plastic neutral axis (PNA)
TSteel
yp
Fy
Beam Section Beam Elevation Plastic Stress

Distribution
Figure 1: Generic Plastic Stress Distribution for Positive Bending
Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Page 1 of 30

Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD 360-05 Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending
Figure 2 illustrates how the program idealizes a steel beam for calculating the
plastic stress distribution. Two different cases are shown, one for a rolled sec-
tion and the other for a user-defined section. The idealization for the rolled
section considers the fillets, whereas the idealization for the user-defined sec-
tion assumes there are no fillets because none are specified in the section
definition. Although not shown in those figures, the deck type and orientation
may be different on the left and right sides of the beam, as shown in Figure 2
of Composite Beam Design Technical Note Effective Width of the Concrete
Slab.
For a rolled steel section, the fillets are idealized as a rectangular block of
steel. The depth of this rectangular block, kdepth, is:
kdepth = k – tf Eqn. 1
The width of this rectangular block, kwidth, is:
kwidth = (As – 2bftf – (d – 2k)tw) / 2kdepth Eqn. 2
The basic steps in computing the positive plastic moment capacity are:
 Determine the location of the PNA using Equations 3a through 10.
 Calculate the plastic moment capacity of the composite section using Equa-
tion 11 together with the appropriate table chosen from Tables 2 through
11 depending on the location of the PNA. Note that for user-defined sec-
tions, the terms related to the top and bottom fillets are ignored.

tc
tf-top
hr
k
kwidth
kdepth
bf-top
tw
d
h
kdepth
tf-bot
kwidth
k
tcp
bcp
bf-bot
Idealization for Rolled Section
tc
tf-top
hr
bf-top
tw
h
d
tf-bot
tcp
bcp
bf-bot
Idealization for User-Defined Section
Figure 2: Idealization of a Rolled Section and a User-Defined Section used for

Calculating the Plastic Stress Distribution

Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis

The program determines the location of the PNA by comparing the maximum
possible compressive force that can be developed in the concrete, MPFconc,
with the maximum possible tensile force that can be developed in the steel
section (including the cover plate, if applicable), MPFsteel.
The maximum concrete force, MPFconc, is calculated from Equation 3a if there

is no metal deck, or if the metal deck ribs are oriented perpendicular to the
beam span. Equation 3b is used if the deck ribs are oriented parallel to the
beam span. Note that the maximum concrete force has contributions from the
left and right sides of the beam that are treated separately and may be dif-
ferent.
MPFconc = bcc [(0.85f'c beff tc)left + (0.85f'c beff tc)right] Eqn. 3a
 wr hr 
MPFconc = bcc [(0.85f'c beff  tc   )left +
 Sr 
 wr hr 
(0.85f'c beff  tc   )right Eqn. 3b
 Sr 
The maximum steel force, MPFsteel, is calculated from Equation 4a if the beam
is a rolled section or Equation 4b if it is a user-defined section.
MPFsteel = bcs (AsFy + bcp tcp Fycp) Eqn. 4a
MPFsteel = bcs (bf-toptf-topFyf-top + twh +
bf-bottf-botFyf-bot + bcp tcp Fycp) Eqn. 4b
Note that bcc and bcs are resistance factors defined by CSI, not CISC. They
are provided to give you more control over section capacity, if desired or
needed. They essentially allow you to have a different resistance factor for
steel and concrete. Note the bcc factor is applied to the reinforcing steel in the
concrete slab (if this steel is considered). By default, both of those resistance
factors are set equal to 1.0.

When computing the location of the PNA, it is important to remember that the
concrete is assumed to take no tension. Also, the concrete in the metal deck
ribs is considered effective in compression only if the metal deck ribs are ori-
ented parallel to the beam span.
The maximum concrete and steel forces are compared to determine if the
PNA is within the concrete slab or the steel section. If MPFconc > MPFsteel, the
PNA is within the concrete slab. If MPFsteel > MPFconc, the PNA is within the
steel section. If MPFsteel = MPFconc, the PNA is at the top of the steel beam.
If the PNA is within the slab, the fact that the concrete slab can be different
on each side of the beam complicates locating the PNA. If the PNA is within
the steel section, there are several general locations for it. After the general
locations have been identified, it is a straightforward process to determine the
location of the PNA. The general locations are as follows:
 Within the beam top flange.
 Within the beam top fillet (applies to rolled shapes from the program's
section database only).
 Within the beam web.
 Within the beam bottom fillet (applies to rolled shapes from the program's
section database only).
 Within the beam bottom flange.
 Within the cover plate (if one is specified).
Note it is very unlikely that the PNA would be below the beam web but there
is nothing in the program to prevent it. This condition would require a very
large beam bottom flange and/or cover plate. Each of the PNA locations in the
steel section is described following the description of the PNA in the concrete
slab.
PNA in the Concrete Slab Above the Steel Beam

The program considers the condition where the slab on the left and right sides
of the beam are different. When the program determines that the PNA is
above the top of the steel section, that is, when MPFconc > MPFsteel, it puts the
following four items in order, from highest elevation to lowest:

 Top of concrete slab on the left side of the beam.
 Top of concrete slab on the right side of the beam.
 Top of metal on the left side of the beam.
 Top of metal on the right side of the beam.
Next the program sums the compressive forces of those four items, starting
with the item at the highest elevation and proceeding downward. As each
item is added into the sum, the sum of compressive forces is compared with
the maximum tension value, which is the sum of MPFsteel. As soon as the sum
of forces exceeds MPFsteel, the program recognizes that the last location con-
sidered is below the PNA, and the second to last location considered is above
the PNA. Using this information, the program can solve directly for the loca-
tion of the PNA.
Figures 3a and 3b show the internal forces for a rolled steel section and a
user-defined steel section, respectively, for the condition where the PNA is in
the concrete slab above the metal deck. zp
CC 1
TF T
TK T

yp
TWeb
TK B
TF B
TC P
Beam Section Beam Elevation Beam Internal Forces
Figure 3a: Rolled Steel Section with PNA in Concrete Slab Above Metal Deck,
Positive Bending

zp
CC 1
TF T
yp
TWeb
TF B
TC P
Figure 3b: User-Defined Steel Section with PNA in Concrete Slab Above Metal
Deck, Positive Bending
user-defined steel section, respectively, for the condition where the PNA is
within the height, hr, of the metal deck ribs.
p CC 1
z
CC 2
TF T

p
y
TWeb
TF B
TC P
Figure 4a: Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Height, hr, of Metal Deck, Positive
Bending

CC 1
zp
CC 2
TF T
yp
TWeb
TF B
TC P
Figure 4b: User-Defined Steel Section with PNA within Height, hr, of Metal Deck,
Positive Bending
Note that in Figures 3a through 4b the concrete compression forces (CC1 and
CC2) may have different magnitudes and locations (elevations) for the left and
right sides of the beam.
PNA within the Beam Top Flange

within the beam top flange. The term y2, which is the distance from the top of
the steel beam to the PNA, is shown in these figures and is defined by Equa-
tion 5.
MPFsteel  MPFconc
y2  Eqn. 5
2bcs bf top Fyf top

CC 1
CC 2
zp
y2
CF T
TF T
TK T

yp
TWeb
TK B
TF B
TC P
Figure 5a: Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Beam Top Flange, Positive
Bending
CC 1
CC 2
zp
y2
CF T
TF T

yp
TWeb
TF B
TC P
Figure 5b: User-Defined Steel Section with PNA within Beam Top Flange, Positive
Bending

PNA within the Beam Top Fillet

The PNA lies within the beam top fillet only if the beam section is a rolled sec-
tion. Figure 6 shows the internal forces for this condition. The term y3, which
is the distance from the bottom side of the beam top flange to the PNA, is
shown in Figure 6 and is defined by Equation 6.
MPFsteel  MPFconc  2bcs bf toptf top Fyf top

y3  Eqn. 6
2bcs kwidth Fyw
CC 1
CC 2
zp
CF T
y3
CK T
TK T

yp
TWeb
TK B
TF B
TC P
Figure 6: Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Beam Top Fillet, Positive Bending
PNA within the Beam Web

within the beam web. The term y4, which for a rolled steel beam is the dis-
tance from the web toe of the top fillet to the PNA and for a user-defined
beam is the distance from the bottom side of the beam top flange to the PNA,
is shown in Figures 7a and 7b and is defined by Equation 7.


y4  
2bcstw Fyw
Eqn. 7
2bcs kwidth kdepth Fyw
2bcstw Fyw
The last term in Equation 7 applies only to rolled steel beams; it reduces to
zero for user-defined beams.
CC 1
CC 2
zp
CF T
CK T
y4
CWeb
TWeb
yp
TK B
TF B
TC P
Figure 7a: Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Beam Web, Positive Bending
CC 1
CC 2
zp
CF T
CWeb
y4
TWeb
yp
TF B
TC P
Figure 7b: User-Defined Steel Section with PNA within Beam Web, Positive
Bending

PNA within the Beam Bottom Fillet

The PNA is within the beam bottom fillet only if the beam section is a rolled
section. Figure 8 shows the internal forces for this condition. The term y5,
which is the distance from the top side of the beam bottom fillet to the PNA,
is shown in Figure 8 and is defined by Equation 8.

y5  
2bcs kwidth Fyw
Eqn. 8
2bcs kwidth kdepth Fyw 2bcs htw Fyw

2bcs kwidth Fyw 2bcs kwidth Fyw
Note that it is unlikely that the PNA will be this low. It requires a very large
beam bottom flange and/or cover plate.
CC 1
CC 2
CF T
CK T
zp
CWeb
y5
CK B
TK B
yp
TF B
Plastic neutral axis (PNA) TC P
Figure 8: Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Beam Bottom Fillet, Positive Bend-
ing
PNA within the Beam Bottom Flange

user-defined steel section, respectively, for the condition where the PNA lies

within the beam bottom flange. The term y6, which is the distance from the
top of the beam bottom flange to the PNA, is shown in Figures 9a and 9b and
is defined by Equation 9.

y6  
2bcs bf -bot Fyf -bot
Eqn. 9

2bcs bf -bot Fyf -bot 2bcs bf -bot Fyf -bot
Note that it is unlikely that the PNA will be this low. It requires a very large
beam bottom flange and/or cover plate.
CC 1
CC 2
CF T
CK T
zp
CWeb
CK B
y6
CF B
TF B
yp
Figure 9a: Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Beam Bottom Flange, Positive
Bending

CC 1
CC 2
CF T
zp
CWeb
y6
CF B
TF B
yp
Figure 9b: User-Defined Steel Section with PNA within Beam Bottom Flange, Posi-
tive Bending
PNA within the Cover Plate

user-defined steel section, respectively, for the condition where the PNA lies
within the cover plate. The term y7, which is the distance from the top of the
cover plate to the PNA, is shown in Figures 10a and 10b and is defined by
Equation 10.

y7  
2bcs bcp Fycp
  Eqn. 10
2bcs bcp Fycp 2bcs bcp Fycp
2bcs bf  bot tf  bot Fyf  bot
2bcs bcp Fycp
Note that it is unlikely that the PNA will be this low. It requires an extremely
large cover plate. In the event that the PNA were in the cover plate, the dis-
tance yp would become negative.

CC 1
CC 2
CF T
CK T
zp
CWeb
CK B
CF B
y7
CCP
TC P
yp

Figure 10a: Rolled Steel Section with PNA within Cover Plate, Positive Bending
CC 1
CC 2
CF T
zp
CWeb
CF B
y7
CCP
TC P
yp

Figure 10b: User-Defined Steel Section with PNA within Cover Plate, Positive
Bending

Calculating the PNA Location

To calculate the location of the PNA for positive bending, the program starts
by comparing the value of MPFconc to that of MPFsteel to determine if the PNA is
in the steel section or in the concrete slab above the steel section. As de-
scribed in an earlier section of this Technical Note, if MPFconc > MPFsteel, the
PNA is within the concrete slab. If MPFsteel > MPFconc, the PNA is within the
steel section. If MPFsteel = MPFconc, the PNA is at the top of the steel beam.
If the PNA is in the concrete slab above the steel section, the procedure de-
scribed in the previous subsection of this Technical Note entitled "PNA in the
Concrete Slab Above the Steel Beam" is followed.
If the PNA is within the steel section, the program assumes that the PNA oc-
curs in the top flange of the beam. The distance y2 is calculated using Equa-
tion 5. The calculated distance y2 is then checked to see if it actually is within
the beam top flange. If it is, the location of the PNA has been identified.
If the calculated distance y2 is not within the beam top flange, the program
continues by assuming that the PNA occurs in the beam top fillet. (Note that if
the beam is a user-defined beam, there is no top fillet and the program skips
directly to assuming that the PNA is in the beam web.) The distance y3 is cal-
culated using Equation 6. The calculated distance y3 is then checked to see if
it actually is within the beam top fillet. If it is, the location of the PNA has
been identified.
If the calculated distance y3 is not within the beam top fillet, the program
continues by assuming that the PNA occurs in the beam web. The distance y4
is calculated using Equation 7. The calculated distance y4 is then checked to
see if it actually is within the beam web. If it is, the location of the PNA has
been identified.
In any practical case, the PNA is not expected to be below the beam web.
However, in the event the PNA has not yet been located, the program contin-
ues down the beam section through the bottom fillet, the bottom flange and
finally the cover plate until the location of the PNA has been identified.
Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending

The plastic moment capacity for positive bending in a composite section is
calculated from Equation 11:

12
bcpp Mn  bcpp 
Piece  1
Tpiece xPNA piece 
Eqn. 11
12
bcpp 
Piece  1
C piece xPNA piece
where:
Cpiece = Compression force in a piece of the composite beam,

kips.
Mn = Plastic moment capacity for positive bending, kip-in.
Tpiece = Tension force in a piece of the composite beam, kips.
xPNA-piece = Distance from centroid of tension or compression force

in a piece of a composite beam to the PNA, in.
bcpp = Resistance factor for positive bending when plastic

stress distribution is assumed, unitless.
In Equation 11, the ten pieces are as follows:
 Concrete above the metal deck, not including rebar, on the left side
of the beam: The concrete can carry only a compression force; tension is
not allowed in the concrete.
 Concrete above the metal deck, not including rebar, on the right
side of the beam: The concrete can carry only a compression force; ten-
sion is not allowed in the concrete.
 Concrete within the height of the metal deck on the left side of the
beam: The concrete can carry only a compression force; tension is not al-
lowed in the concrete.
 Concrete within the height of the metal deck on the right side of the
beam: The concrete can carry only a compression force; tension is not al-
lowed in the concrete.
 Beam top flange: The force in the beam top flange can be tension, com-
pression, or compression in the upper portion of the flange and tension in
the lower portion.

 Beam top fillet: The force in the beam top fillet can be tension, compres-
sion, or compression in the upper portion of the fillet and tension in the
lower portion.
 Beam web: The force in the beam web can be tension, compression, or
compression in the upper portion of the web and tension in the lower por-
tion.
 Beam bottom fillet: The force in the beam bottom fillet can be tension,
compression, or compression in the upper portion of the fillet and tension in
the lower portion.
 Beam bottom flange: The force in the beam bottom flange can be ten-
sion, compression, or compression in the upper portion of the flange and
tension in the lower portion.
 Cover plate: The force in the cover plate can be tension, or compression in
the upper portion of the cover plate and tension in the lower portion.
In Equation 11 the values used for Tpiece, Cpiece and xPNA-piece depend on the lo-
cation of the PNA. The appropriate values for these items are given in Tables
2 through 11. Table 1 serves as a guide to which of those tables to use based
on the location of the PNA.
Note, because the metal deck and concrete slab can be in different locations
relative to the PNA on the two sides of the beam, you may need to use values
from two different tables listed in Table 1.

Table 1:
Table to determine which table to use in conjunction with Equation 11 to determine
the plastic moment capacity of composite section for positive bending.
Location of PNA Table
Above rebar in concrete above metal deck 2
In concrete within metal deck 3
In beam top flange 4
In beam top fillet 5
In beam web 6
In beam bottom fillet 7
In beam bottom flange 8
In cover plate 9
Table 2:
When the PNA is above the centroid of the rebar in the concrete above the metal deck,
use the equations specified in this table together with Equation 11 to determine the plas-
tic moment capacity of composite section for positive bending.
Piece T xPNA C xPNA
Concrete above metal deck (left) N. A. N. A. 12a 21a
Concrete above metal deck (right) N. A. N. A. 12a 21a
Concrete in metal deck (left) N. A. N. A. 0 N. A.
Concrete in metal deck (right) N. A. N. A. 0 N. A.
Beam top flange 15a 23a 0 N. A.
Beam top fillet 16a 24a 0 N. A.
Beam web 17a 25a 0 N. A.
Beam bottom fillet 18a 26a 0 N. A.
Beam bottom flange 19a 27a 0 N. A.
Cover plate 20a 28a 0 N. A.

Table 3:
When the PNA is in the concrete within the metal deck, use the equations specified in
this table together with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of com-
posite section for positive bending.
Piece T xPNA C xPNA
Concrete above metal deck (left) N. A. N. A. 12b 21b
Concrete above metal deck (right) N. A. N. A. 12b 21b
Concrete in metal deck (left) N. A. N. A. 14a 22a
Concrete in metal deck (right) N. A. N. A. 14a 22a
Beam top flange 15a 23a 0 N. A.
Table 4:
When the PNA is in the beam top flange, use the equations specified in this table to-
gether with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite section
for positive bending.
Piece T xPNA C xPNA
Concrete in metal deck (left) N. A. N. A. 14b 22b
Beam top flange 15b 23b 15c 23c

Table 5:
When the PNA is in the beam top fillet, use the equations specified in this table together
with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite section for
positive bending.
Piece T xPNA C xPNA
Concrete in metal deck (right) N. A. N. A. 14b 22b
Beam top flange 0 N. A. 15d 23d
Beam top fillet 16b 24b 16c 24c
Table 6:
When the PNA is in the beam web, use the equations specified in this table together
positive bending.
Piece T xPNA C xPNA
Beam top fillet 0 N. A. 16d 24d
Beam web 17b 25b 17c 25c

Table 7:
When the PNA is in the beam bottom fillet, use the equations specified in this table to-
gether with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite section
for positive bending.
Piece T xPNA C xPNA
Beam web 0 N. A. 17d 25d
Beam bottom fillet 18b 27b 18c 26c
Table 8:
When the PNA is in the beam bottom flange, use the equations specified in this table
together with Equation 11 to determine the plastic moment capacity of composite sec-
tion for positive bending.
Piece T xPNA C xPNA
Beam bottom fillet 0 N. A. 18d 26d
Beam bottom flange 19b 27b 19c 27c

Table 9:
When the PNA is in the cover plate, use the equations specified in this table together
positive bending.
Piece T xPNA C xPNA

Beam bottom fillet 0 N. A. 18d 26d
Beam bottom flange 0 N. A. 19d 27d
Cover plate 20b 28b 20c 28c
Equations 12a and 12b are used for the compression force in the concrete
above the metal deck. Note that these equations are applied to each side of
the beam separately.
CC1 = 0.85bcc f'c beff zp Eqn. 12a
CC1 = 0.85bcc f'c beff tc Eqn. 12b
Note: For partial composite connection, Equation 12b is replaced with Equa-
tion 3 of Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD 360-05 Technical Note Partial
Composite Connection with a Plastic Stress Distribution.
Equations 13a and 13b are used for the tension and compression forces in the
rebar in the concrete slab above the metal deck. Note that these equations
are applied to each side of the beam separately.
TR = bcc ArFyr Eqn. 13a
CR = bcc ArFyr Eqn. 13b

Equations 14a and 14b are used for the compression force in the concrete
within the metal deck. Note that these equations are applied to each side of
the beam separately. Also note that these equations apply only if the span of
the metal deck ribs is oriented parallel to the beam span. If the metal deck
ribs are oriented perpendicular to the beam span, no compression force is al-
lowed on the concrete within the metal deck ribs.
wr  z p  t c 
CC 2  0.85bcc fc' beff Eqn. 14a
Sr
wr hr
CC 2  0.85bcc fc' beff Eqn. 14b
Sr
Note: For partial composite connection Equation 14b is replaced with Equation
4 in Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD 360-05 Technical Note Partial Com-
posite Connection with a Plastic Stress Distribution.
Equations 15a through 15d are used for the tension and compression forces
in the beam top flange.
TFT = bcs bf-top tf-top Fyf-top Eqn. 15a
TFT = bcs bf-top (tf-top  y2) Fyf-top Eqn. 15b
CFT = bcs bf-top y2 Fyf-top Eqn. 15c
CFT = bcs bf-top tf-top Fyf-top Eqn. 15d
in the beam top fillet. Note that these equations do not apply to user-defined
sections.
TKT = bcs kwidth kdepth Fyw Eqn. 16a
TKT = bcs kwidth (kdepth  y3) Fyw Eqn. 16b
CKT = bcs kwidth y3 Fyw Eqn. 16c
CKT = bcs kwidth kdepth Fyw Eqn. 16d

in the beam web.
TWeb = bcs tw h Fyw Eqn. 17a
TWeb = bcs tw (h  y4) Fyw Eqn. 17b
CWeb = bcs tw y4 Fyw Eqn. 17c
CWeb = bcs tw h Fyw Eqn. 17d
in the beam bottom fillet. Note that these equations do not apply to user-
defined sections.
TKB = bcs kwidth kdepth Fyw Eqn. 18a
TKB = bcs kwidth (kdepth  y5) Fyw Eqn. 18b
CKB = bcs kwidth y5 Fyw Eqn. 18c
CKB = bcs kwidth kdepth Fyw Eqn. 18d
in the beam bottom flange.
TFB = bcs bf-bot tf-bot Fyf-bot Eqn. 19a
TFB = bcs bf-bot (tf-bot  y6) Fyf-bot Eqn. 19b
CFB = bcs bf-bot y6 Fyf-bot Eqn. 19c
CFB = bcs bf-bot tf-bot Fyf-bot Eqn. 19d
Equations 20a through 20c are used for the tension and compression forces in
the cover plate.
TCP = bcs bcp tcp Fycp Eqn. 20a
TCP = bcs bcp (tcp  y7) Fycp Eqn. 20b
CCP = bcs bcp y7 Fycp Eqn. 20c

Equations 21a and 21b are used for the distance from the center of the force
in the concrete above the metal deck to the PNA. Note that these equations
are applied to each side of the beam separately.
zp
xPNA = Eqn. 21a
2
tc
xPNA = z p  Eqn. 21b
2
Note: For partial composite connection Equation 21b is replaced with Equation
5 in Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD 360-05 Technical Note Partial Com-
posite Connection with a Plastic Stress Distribution.
Equations 22a and 22b are used for the distance from the center of the force
in the concrete within the metal deck ribs to the PNA. Note that these equa-
tions are applied to each side of the beam separately.
z p  tc
xPNA = Eqn. 22a
2
hr
xPNA = z p  tc  Eqn. 22b
2
Note: For partial composite connection, Equation 22b is replaced with Equa-
tion 6 in Composite Beam Design AISC-LRFD 360-05 Technical Note Partial
Composite Connection with a Plastic Stress Distribution.
Equations 23a through 23d are used for the distance from the center of the
force(s) in the beam top flange to the PNA.
tf -top
xPNA = y p  d  Eqn. 23a
2
tf -top  y2
xPNA = Eqn. 23b
2
y2
xPNA = Eqn. 23c
2

tf top
xPNA = z p  tc  hr  rd  Eqn. 23d
2
Note the terms zp, tc, hr and rd in Equation 23d must all be for the left side of
the beam or all for the right side of the beam. It does not matter which side
of the beam is used, but all of the terms must be consistent.
force(s) in the beam top fillet to the PNA.
kdepth
xPNA = y p  d  tf top  Eqn. 24a
2
kdepth  y3
xPNA = Eqn. 24b
2
y3
xPNA = Eqn. 24c
2
kdepth
xPNA = z p  tc  hr  rd  tf top  Eqn. 24d
2
force(s) in the beam web to the PNA.
h
xPNA = y p  d  t f top  kdepth  Eqn. 25a
2
h  y4
xPNA = Eqn. 25b
2
y4
xPNA = Eqn. 25c
2
h
xPNA = z p  tc  hr  rd  tf top  kdepth  Eqn. 25d
2

force(s) in the beam bottom fillet to the PNA.
3kdepth
xPNA = y p  d  tf top  h Eqn. 26a
2
kdepth  y5
xPNA = Eqn. 26b
2
y5
xPNA = Eqn. 26c
2
3kdepth
xPNA = z p  tc  hr  rd  tf top  h Eqn. 26d
2
force(s) in the beam bottom flange to the PNA.
tf -bot
xPNA = y p  d  tf top  2kdepth  h  Eqn. 27a
2
tf -bot  y6
xPNA = Eqn. 27b
2
y6
xPNA = Eqn. 27c
2
tf -bot
xPNA  z p  tc  hr  rd  tf top  2kdepth  h  Eqn. 27d
2

Equations 28a through 28c are used for the distance from the center of the
force(s) in the cover plate to the PNA.
tcp
xPNA  y p  d  tf top  2kdepth  h  tf -bot  Eqn. 28a
2
tcp  y7
xPNA = Eqn. 28b
2
y7
xPNA = Eqn. 28c
2

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©COMPUTERS AND STRUCTURES, INC.

, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA JUNE 2009

Beam Section Beam Elevation Plastic Stress

Figure 1: Generic Plastic Stress Distribution for Positive Bending

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Page 1 of 30

The width of this rectangular block, kwidth, is:

kwidth = (As – 2bftf – (d – 2k)tw) / 2kdepth Eqn. 2

 Determine the location of the PNA using Equations 3a through 10.

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Page 2 of 30

Idealization for Rolled Section

Idealization for User-Defined Section

Figure 2: Idealization of a Rolled Section and a User-Defined Section used for

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Page 3 of 30

Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis

The maximum concrete force, MPFconc, is calculated from Equation 3a if there

MPFconc = bcc [(0.85f'c beff tc)left + (0.85f'c beff tc)right] Eqn. 3a

MPFsteel = bcs (AsFy + bcp tcp Fycp) Eqn. 4a

MPFsteel = bcs (bf-toptf-topFyf-top + twh +

bf-bottf-botFyf-bot + bcp tcp Fycp) Eqn. 4b

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Page 4 of 30

 Within the beam top flange.

 Within the beam web.

 Within the beam bottom flange.

 Within the cover plate (if one is specified).

PNA in the Concrete Slab Above the Steel Beam

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Page 5 of 30

 Top of concrete slab on the left side of the beam.

 Top of concrete slab on the right side of the beam.

 Top of metal on the left side of the beam.

 Top of metal on the right side of the beam.

Plastic neutral axis (PNA)

Beam Section Beam Elevation Beam Internal Forces

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Page 6 of 30

Plastic neutral axis (PNA)

Beam Section Beam Elevation Beam Internal Forces

Plastic neutral axis (PNA)

Beam Section Beam Elevation Beam Internal Forces

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Page 7 of 30

Plastic neutral axis (PNA)

Beam Section Beam Elevation Beam Internal Forces

PNA within the Beam Top Flange

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Page 8 of 30

Plastic neutral axis (PNA)

Beam Section Beam Elevation Beam Internal Forces

Plastic neutral axis (PNA)

Beam Section Beam Elevation Beam Internal Forces

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Page 9 of 30

PNA within the Beam Top Fillet

MPFsteel  MPFconc  2bcs bf toptf top Fyf top

Plastic neutral axis (PNA)

Beam Section Beam Elevation Beam Internal Forces

PNA within the Beam Web

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Page 10 of 30

MPFsteel  MPFconc  2bcs bf toptf top Fyf top

Beam Section Beam Elevation Beam Internal Forces

Plastic neutral axis (PNA)

Beam Section Beam Elevation Beam Internal Forces

Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Page 11 of 30