2013

Answer
7. (a) (i) Hooke’s law

(ii) F = kx
mg = kx
(1)(9.81) = k (0.02)
K = 490.5 Nm-1
(b) (i) Use stiffer spring.
Higher spring constant and can with stand heavier load.

(ii) Use thicker wire spring.

Higher spring constant and can with stand heavier load.

(iii) Use steel spring.

Higher spring constant and can with stand heavier load.

(c) The springs are arranged in parallel.

2008
Answer
9. (a) (i) Elasticity is the ability of an object to return to its original shape and size when forces acting on it is removed.

(ii) - Spring N in diagram 9.2(b) is thicker than spring M in diagram 9.2(a).

- Maximum height reached by the ball in diagram 9.2(b) is higher than maximum height reached by the ball diagram 9,2(a).
- The thicker the wire, the higher the maximum height.
- The thicker the wire, the larger the elastic potential energy.

(b) (i) F2 is higher than F1+

Larger force is needed to compress a thicker spring.

(ii) Mechanical energy  elastic potential energy  kinetic energy  gravitational potential energy.

(c)
Aspect Reason
1. Use lighter and tighter attire. 1. Light and reduce air resistance.
2. The athlete should run faster. 2. Larger kinetic energy to transform into higher
gravitational potential energy so that the athlete
can jump higher.
3. Use elastic pole. 3. Can easily bend and store large elastic potential
energy.
4. Use lighter pole. 4. Light and easily handle.
5. The pole is made of high strength material. 5. Not easily break.
6. Use thicker and soft material for the mattress. 6. To reduce the impulsive force during the landing
of athlete on the mattress.
2011

L

D

L

D

9.2
Answer:
9. (a) To freeze the motion of a moving object.

(b) (i) – Distance between two consecutive images in diagram 9.2 is further than distance between two consecutive
images in diagram 9.1.
- The depth of nail penetrates into the wooden block in diagram 9.2 is deeper than the depth of nail
penetrates into the wooden block in diagram 9.1.
(ii) The further the distance between two consecutives images, the higher the velocity.
(iii) The larger the force, the deeper the nail penetrates into the wooden block.
(iv) The higher the velocity, the larger the force.

(c) - The hand of the taekwondo exponent moves in high speed.

- When his hand hits the wooden block, the time of impact on wooden block is very short.
- Due to a very short time of impact, this produces a very large impulsive force acts on the wooden block.
- This large impulsive force breaks the wooden block.

(d)
Aspect Reason
1. Small mass of arrow. 1. Light weight, the arrow can moves in high
speed.
2. Sharp point with aerodynamic shape. 2. Reduce air resistance and the arrow can
moves in high speed.
3. High elasticity of bowstring. 3. Can be stretched and stored large elastic
potential energy.
4. High strength bow. 4. Not easily break under large stretching
force.
5. Arrow aiming above the centre target board. 5. To counter the gravitational force that will
pull the arrow downward.

2012
Answer:
11. (a) Impulse is the product of force and the time duration / change of momentum.

(b) -When follow through is applied, the time of contact between the club and the ball increases.
- As time increases, the impulse increases, this will increase the change of momentum on the ball.
- When change of momentum increases, the speed of the ball increases and the ball moves in high speed.

(c)
Characteristic Reason
1. Low density pole. 1. Light weight and easily handle.
2. High flexibility pole. 2. Easily bend and not easily break.
3. High maximum tension of string. 3. Can withstand large force and not easily
break.
4. String tied at higher position. 4. The pole will be in a more stable position.
Pole Q is the most suitable because it has low density, high flexibility, high maximum tension of string and String
tied at higher position.

(d) (i) Gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy.

(ii) PE = mgh = (60)(9.81)(9) = 5297.4J

(iii) KE = ½ (m)v2

5297.4 = ½ (60)v2

 v = 13.29ms-1