ii) iii) b) SECTION A [60 marks] Answer all question in this section. Diagram | shows the electron arrangement model proposed by Neils Bohr. Electron Elektron Nucleus of atom X Saas ‘Nukieus — ‘atom X DIAGRAM 1 State the name of Y SHELL [1 mark] State the name of the sub-atomic particles inside the nucleus of atom X. PROTON AND NEUTRON [I mark] State the electron arrangement of ion X. 2.8[1 mark] Atom Y is the isotope of atom X. What is meant by isotope? ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT THAT HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF PROTONS BUT DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS (1 mark] Madam Lisa was diagnosed with bone cancer. What isotope can'be used to treat Madam Lisa? COBALT-60[1 mark] Aspirin is used to reduce fever and relieve mild and moderate pain, Structural formula of aspirin is shown in Diagram 2.AT DIAGRAM 2 a) i) State the meaning of molecular formula FORMULA THAT SHOWS THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF ATOMS OF EACH ELEMENT IN MOLECULE/COMPOUND{} mark] ii) Write the molecular formula of aspirin (CoHsO.{1 mark] b) The following chemical equation represents the burning of aluminium with oxygen 4Al +302» 2A120s Give one information that can be interpreted from the chemical equation above PI, Identity reactants and product P2, Mole ratio//quantity ratio of reactant and product Sample answer: 4 mol of aluminium reacts with 3 mol of oxygen to produce 2 mol of aluminium oxide // 4 aluminium atoms react with 3 oxygen molecules to produce 2 units of aluminium oxide {1 mark] Diagram 3 shows part of Periodic Table of Elements PUR (ery TT Tei TTT I I DIAGRAM 3a) ») °) a) e) P, Q.R, S, T and U do not represent the actual symbols of the elements. Write the electron arrangement of ion T. 2.8.8 [I mark] State the position of element S in the Periodic Table of Elements. PERIOD 2, GROUP 16 [1 mark] Arrange the atomic size of the elements in descending order. QT.U,P,R,S[1 mark] Which element exists as monoatomic gas? U [1 mark} // A-gon Explain vour answer in (d)(i). ATOM U ACHIEVED STABLE OCTET ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT [1 mark] Elements P and Q located in the same group but have different reactivity when react with oxygen. Explain why there is a difference in reactivity between these elements. Pl: SIZE OF Q ATOMIS BIGGER THAN P ATOM // ATOMIC SIZE (7? P2:THE FORCES OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN NUCLEUS AND VALENCE ELECTRON OF Q AQ WEAKER THANP ATOM G < 7 P3:Q ATOM IS EASIBL "YQ DONATE VALENCE ELECTRON THAN P ATOM/EASIER TO LOSEELECTRON (7) CORRECTION MARKS[3 marks] Table 2 shows the electrical conductivity and melting point of substance R,S and T.a) i) ii) by Bahan | Kekonduksian elektrik dalam keadaan | Takat lebur °C Substance | Electrical conductivity in the states of___| Melting point °C Pepejal ‘Leburan Solid Molten R Ya Ya 660°C Yes Yes T Tidak Ya 192°C No. Yes s Tidak Tidak 80°C No No TABLE 2 State the types of bonds for substance R, S and T R:METALLICBOND TJONICBOND ~—_S:COVALENT BOND. [3 marks] State how the bonds is formed in substance $ SHARING OF ELECTRON [1 mark] Does substance T soluble in water? Explain your answer. Pl: YES P2: IONS CAN MOVE FREELY IN WATER. [2 marks] EXPLANATION (FROM TEXTBOOK) When dissolved in water, water molecules help to overcome electrostatic attraction force between ions and break down the lattice structure of the solid compound. Why does a wet finger help to turn the pages of a book? Explain your answer. wrt PI:IN CELLULOSE MOLECULES, H ATOM FORM COVALENT BOND OnGEN. ATOM WITH HIGH ELECTRONEGATIVITY P2:CELLULOSE MOLECULE IN PAPER FORM HYDROGEN BOND WITH WATER ON WET FINGER TIPa) ii) i) P3:HENCE, PAPER WILL STICK TO THE FINGER. [3 marks] Table 3 shows the pH value of two monoprotic acids which are nitric acid and ethanoic acid, ‘Asia ‘Kepekatan (mol dm) Nilai pH ‘Acid Concentration (mol dm) pH value | ‘Asia nitrike 0.1 1 | Nitric acid ats: i | sid etanoik or 5 Ethanoic acid | ! TABLE 3 Based on information in Table 3 State the meaning of monoprotic acid Howe ACID THAT IONISES IN WATER TO PRODUCE | MOL OF HYDROGEN ION. PER MOLECULE [1 mark] Explain why the pH value of ethanoic acid is greater than nitric acid PI:ETHANOIC ACID IONISES PARTIALLY IN WATER WHILE NITRIC ACID IONISES COMPLETELY IN WATER// ETHANOIC ACID IS WEAK ACID WHILE NITRIC ACID IS STRONG ACID P2:ETHANOIC ACID PRODUCE LOWER CONCENTRATION OF H* ION THAN NITRIC ACID [2 marks} Diagram 4 shows an apparatus set up to determine the end point of titration between hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide solution by using phenolphthalein as an indicator. 0.5 mol dm? hydrochloricacid 25 cm? of 0.5 mol dm potassium hydroxide solution + phenolphthlein DIAGRAM 4 State the meaning of acid CHEMICAL SUBSANCE THAT IONISES IN WATER TO PRODUCE H’ ION. [1 mark] Write the chemical equation for the reactionHCI+KOH. —»KC1+H.0 (CORRECT FORMULA OF REACTANTS AND PRODUCTS-1 M)] (BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION -IM) [2 marks] iii) Calculate the volume of acid needed to neutralise the potassium hydroxide solution Ist padu asid / Volume of acid so _ ______- [2 marks} iv) The experiment is repeated by replacing hydrochloric acid with Acid P. It was found that the volume of Acid P needed to neutralise potassium hydroxide solution is half of the volume of the hydrochloric acid used. Identify Acid P. SULPHURIC ACID[I mark] ©) Diagram 5 shows the apparatus set-up used in experiment to study the acidic properties of oxalic acid Susunanradas_______] Pemerhatian] [Experiment _| Apparatus set-up T | Air litmus birw | Water bertukar | merah | Blue titmus | paper tums | | Ovalicacid ] Pap | hr ropa Tiadl | Pees Prvbanen | Blue itmus nereeange Tt] | paper | Os | A] oralicacia DIAGRAM 5 Explain the difference in the observation between Experiment I and Experiment IT. «PERIMENT | : OXALIC ACIDS SHOWS ITS ACIDIC PROPERTY //OXALIC ACID IONISES IN WATER// HYDROGEN IONS IS PRODUCED EXPERIMENT 2 : OXALIC ACIDS DOES NOT SHOWS ITS ACIDIC PROPERTY//OXALIC ACID DOES NOT IONISES IN WATER// NO HYDROGEN IONS IS PRODUCED [2 marks}Diagram 6 shows the set up for heating of salt P. Gann PF sa | Heat ena ‘Lime water DIAGRAM 6 a) The colour of lime water does not change when salt P is heated at room temperature. CORRECTION (NO MARK FOR THIS PART. i) State the possible name for salt P. Ammonium carbonate sodium carbonate “potassiun carbonate (1 mark] ii) Write a chemical formula for salt P NH,COs/ NazCOs/ K2COs [1 mark] iii) Why does the colour of lime water not change when P carbonate is heated? The carbonate salt cannot be decomposed when heated. {1 mark] b) Salt P was replaced with salt Q. The observations obtained are as a follows '* Colourless gas turns the limewater chalky ‘The residue is yellow when hot and white when cool. |) Adentidy salt Q Zine carbonate [1 matk} ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction above. ZnCO3—+ ZnO + CO2 {1 mark] iii) How you confirm the cation in salt Q? helor 1.Add any-acid into test tube containing Q salt. Nao: z0p Mc MYr05) A 2. The product in the test tube was added with excess ammonia solution // tess Cue" 3. The white precipitate dissolve in excess ammonia solution. [3 mark] iv) Referring to the equation in 8(b)(ii), calculate the volume of gas released when 2.5 g of salt Q was heated. -a) d) ° [Relative atomic mass: Zn = 65 ;C = 12 0 = 16; Molar volume at room condition = 24 dm? mol” 1, NO. OF MOLE SALTQ 2.5.g/ 125 gmol"// 0.02 mol 2. VOLUME OF GAS =0.02 mol « 24 dm’ mol" // 0.48 dm’. [2 marks] Diagram 7 shows a graph of temperature against time for the cooling of naphthalene Based on Diagram 7, What is the meaning of freezing point? CONSTANT TEMPERATURE WHEN SUBTANCE CHANGES FROM LIQUID STATE TO SOLID AT CERTAIN PRESSURE[1 mark] What is the freezing point of naphthalene? Y2{1 mark] from L toM changed? oy ie Sines as Ce ee “ One poe "TO tri SURROUNDINGS 1¢ BALANCED BY LIBERATED WHEN THE PARTICLES ncn ONE ANO” Er RELEASED TO THE SURROUNDINGS IS BALANCED BY HEAT LOSS AS THE PARTICLES ARE ATTRACTED TOGETHER TO FORM SOLID[1 mark] The state of particles at M to N is solid. Draw the arrangement of particles. Be State the type of particles of naphthalene. 1 mark] MOLECULE[I mark] Many substances such as alcohol, acetone, ether and ester are used as solvents in the cosmetic and medical field because these substances are good solvents with high volatility. The diagram 8 below shows the electron arrangements of atoms of elements P,Q, and R. Some of these atoms can form organic solvents.a) i) ii) b) i) ii) DIAGRAM 8 State the atoms that can react to form the same type of compound used as solvents in the cosmetic and medical ficld based on the diagram. QAND Rj mark] Write the chemical formula of the compound formed in the compound 8(a){i) QR.[1 mark] State the type of bond formed in the compound in 8(a)(ii) COVALENT BOND [1 mark] Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed in 8(a}(ii) Q=a4 R=d.8-4° [2 marks] ‘What is the meaning of a dative bond? ‘TYPE OF COVALENT BOND BETWEEN TWO ATOMS IN WHIC!Y £WO ELECTRON, yee ae. ARE FROM ONE ATOM ONLY [1 mark} Explain the formation of ammonium ion through the formation of dative bond between hydrogen ion , H’ and nitrogen atom, N in ammonia, NHs P1:IN NH; MOLECULE, NITROGEN ATOM HAS ACHIEVD STABLE OCTET ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT AND HYDROGEN ATOM HAS ACHIEVE STABLE DUPLET ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT P2:HYDROGEN ION DOES NOT HAVE ANY ELECTRON IN VHEASHEL P3-THE LONE PAIR OF ELECTRONS THAT ARE NOT IN COVALENT BOND IN AMMONIA WILL SHARED WITH :OUGH FORMATION OF DATIVE BOND [3 marks} 10Section B [20 marks} Answer any ONE question from this section Jawab mana-mana satu soalan dalam bahagian ini Sarawak Modul Kinvia Kenyalang, 9.Diagtamn 9 shows the symbol of oxygen atom, 16, 30 Diagram 9 Element X reacts with oxygen to form a compound with the formula X02, The compound formed does not conduct electricity in all conditions. (a) State the name of element X and the type of bond formed in the compound. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. [4 marks) Jawapan “Answer 4 1. Karbon 7/ Sulfur / Silikon // Nitrogen Tt Carbon // Sulphur // Silicone (/ Nitrogen | | 2. halan kovalen/ Covalen Bond ha 5. Formula iia bagi thon dan hasil indo alas betul / | 1 | Correct chemical formula of reactants and products t 4, Potsamaan seimbang bel / Correct balance eparion | i ©+ 02400: | §+0:>80; Si+ Oz > SiOx Ns +202 2NO> I (b) By using the named element in 9 {a}, explain how the compound is formed between element X and oxvgen. Draw the electron arrangement for the compound. [8 marks} [yey ———— P1. Susunon elektron bagi atom X ialah 2.4 Electron arrangement of atom X is 24 ‘2. Susunan clektron bagi atom oksigen ialah 2.6 ti } | ie) tof Electron arrangement of oxygen atom is 2.6 | | 1 | 1 13. Unsakinoncape Sustnsn eke clekavon yang sabi Toachlove stable acts cicero arrangement 4, Aron tonembanghan 4 ciekion dar sm oksigen ‘Actvuringha 2 cekaron una dient Tian cantatas ciectons ond onrses atom contribule (2 electrons for sharing. | ps.‘suts sto X berkonps electron dongan 2oksigen atom | 1 Shui membentae rebaian kovaon | Gnetaiom Rohare elect wih? oxigen atom to form Saison | 6 Sebatian Kovslen XO: serbentuk Sovatan’ compound XOcis formed 7. Mulia dan Cheng stection bee Nucleus and numberof clesttons torect PP. Bilan peta beta ‘Mmber dfahelle currect | X= 24 072-6 a | | | | c 13(c) Element ¥ can also reacts with oxygen to form a compound with the formula ¥20. The compound formed can conduct electricity in molten and aqueous solution conditions. ‘* State the name of element Y * Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. ‘+ Compare the melting point between compound X02 and ¥20. éxplain your answer + [8 marks} YE Cnsur ¥— waren’ Katia | Element ¥~ sodium/lithtum/porassium | 2. Formula kimia bahar dan asl tind balas bel | Carract chemical formala of reactants and products || 3. Persumaan seimbang betal || Comet eston | | \ | ANa + 02+ 2Nax0 1 4Li + O2 > 2Lin0 4K + Os + 2K20 | | | f XO: YO. Takat lebur? | Cebit rendah” | Lebih tinge 7 || Melting point | Lower Higher || ens zarah / Type | Molekul-molekul | Ton-ion / Jans ofpartcles 1 Molecules | | [Daye trikan 7 | Van dee Waals/ | Elekirostatk } oo) tl Force of | Vander Waals | kunt! Strong | | || traction | electrostatic | ab dipern Kurang as Lebih/ More | untuk mengatasi | | jdayatarkan’ | | |Heatneededto | over the for force Pahang trial 2021 10.Diagram 10 shows the apparatus set-up of two sets of experiment to study the property of an alkali by using red litmus paper and Table 10 shows the observations that occur. eu commen Eipreeee TABLED ‘iad per'baan warna tgs ert Tit mera, [No change in the colour of the red litmus paper. ii ‘Rereas itmus merah bertukar kepada biru, ed Huniss paper turned blue (2) Based on Table 10, explain the differences in the observations for both sets of experi ‘Question Number 10 a) | -Set 1, hydroxide lon in sodium | je pellets, cannot | 1 move freely NO hydioxidt ions formed. -sodium hydroxide pellets did not show alkaline 1 properties Set 11, In the presence of water, hydroxide ion in sodium | 1 hydroxide pellets can move freely. 1 sodium hydroxide solution can show alkaline properties 4[4 marks} (c) Diagram 10.2 shows the pH value of two alkalis. rons suor| Taira Tenar Brahe A Boater 8 Explain. why the ptl values of the two alkalis are different. [4 marks} ‘Question ‘Mark Scheme DIAGRAM 10.2 Number 10 ') | Sodium hydroxide is strong alkali, ammonia ts weak alkall 1 Sodium hydroxide can fonise completely In water to produce higher 1 ‘concentration of hydroxide tons. ammonia can fonise partially in water to produce lower concentration of 1 hydroxide ion, -the higher the concentration of hydroxide ion, the higher the pH value 1 (@] You are required to prepare a standard solution of sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.02 moldm” using 250 cm’ volumetric flask and the sodium hydroxide solution from beaker A in Diagram 10.2 i} Name the method used and determine the volume of sodium hydroxide solution needed. [Bmarks} ii)Predict the pH value of the sodium hydroxide solution in the volumetric flask, Explain your answer. [3 marks} sii) 25 cm? of sulphuric acid is needed to react completely with 25 cm: of the sodium hydroxide solution prepared in 10(c) . State the type of the reaction occurs and write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Calculate the concentration of the sulphuric acid used. _{6 marks] ‘Question Mark Scheme ‘Number 10(c} 1 | Dilution method 1 ~| 9.Nva=0.02%250 Vi=50cm3 W | 1. pl valueless than 13.0 2.concentration of hydroxide fon decrease 3.Mare lower the concentration of hydroxide ion, more lower the pH value W | 2. Neutralisation reaction 2. Reactant and product-correct , B.balance chemical equation H2S04-+ 2NaOH -> NazS04+2H20 Pengiraan; MaVa=2 MbYb b MaX25=1 0.02X252 det Ma =0.01 mold’? 45Section C [20 marks} Answer all question in this section ul a)Allicin , one of the sulphur compounds of garlic that possesses antioxidant activity and has a high potential to be used for human health. Diagram 11.1 shows the percentage of mass of the elements in allicin. | 2X Alisin Allicin ot ye C 8 =3952% O= 9.365% ; Ci H= 621% HEM! 219 é i as (oo Raja 11. YDiagram 11.1 Determine the empirical formula and molecular formula of allicin. The relative molecular mass for allicin is 162. Then, state one advantage of allicin in garlic to humans. [7 marks] ELEMENT e H s ° PERCENTAGE | 44.41 6.21 39.52 9.86 NUMBER OF. 444a/12 6.21 39.52/32 9.86/16 1M MOLES 37 6.2 =12 0.6 ‘MOLE RATIO 377006 62/06 12/06 0.6/0.6 IM =6 =10 =2 #1 ‘SIMPLEST MOLE | 6 10 2 1 IM RATIO EMPIRICAL FORMULA = CeHsoS20 (1M) MOLECULAR FORMULA = (CeHz0520)n=162 =[(12x6)+(1x10)+(32x2}+16) n =162. (1M) net MOLECULAR FORMULA== CsH10520(1M) ADVANTAGE OF ALLICIN IN GARLIC TO HUMAN : ANTIOXIDANT/ANTIBACTERIAL. (1M) b) Diagram 11.2 shows that calcium carbonate supplements are good bone builders. 15Plan an experiment to study the decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide when heated strongly In your planning include the precaution, observation, chemical equation involved and you can use common laboratory apparatus and calcium carbonate powder as a material for your planning. [13marks} Materials + Calcium carbonate powder and lime water 1M Apparatus : Boiling tube with delivery tube, boiling tube, retort stand, Bunsen burner 1M Diagram sedi se Procedure 1.Place two spatulas of solid sodium carbonate, NazCOs into a dry bolling tube. | 1M /2.Observe the colour of salt and record the observation. 1M 3.Connect the rubber stopper with the delivery tube to the mouth of the boiling | 1M tube. Ensure that the other end of the delivery tube is placed into the fimewater . ‘4.Heat the carbonate salt with high heat. 1M ‘5.Observe the changes that occur in the limewater and the colour of the 1M residue in the boiling tube when it is hot and when it is coo! 6.Record the observation. 1M Precaution : Heat the calcium carbonate strongly until it glows 1M ‘The lime water turns chalky 1M (2.A white solid is produced 1M Chemical CaCO; —» Ca0+C02 141M equation e 15,