In the exponential function 𝑦 = 3𝑥 , we have three pieces:

𝑦 = 3𝑥
9 = 32

What is we want to ask what exponent gives us a specific answer?

9 = 3?

We are going to define a new function called:_____________________________

9 = 3? ⇔_________

Logarithm base b:

_______________________⇔________________________

Ex: Rewrite in exponential form:

1) log 6 216 = 3

1
2) log 6 (216) = −3

Ex: Rewrite in logarithmic form:

1) 72 = 49

1
2) 2−3 = 8
Ex: Evaluate

1) 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 1 6 =
1
2) 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 =
9
3) 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 6 43.1 =
4) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑒 2.1 =

Problems with logs:

1) Find b such that

a. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 1 6 = 1

b. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑏 = 4

c. 𝑙𝑛 𝑏 = 3

2) Find x such that 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 ( 6𝑥 − 2) = 2

https://www.desmos.com/calculator/hq65yiy4dn
Rules:

If b__________ and b_______,then

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 1 =

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑏 =

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑏 𝑥 =

=
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑦
𝑏

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 ( 𝑥𝑦) = ___________

𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 ( ) =
𝑦

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 (𝑦 𝑡 ) =

Special b’s:

log10 x = ________ , which is called the ______________________________

log e x = ________ , which is called the _____________________________

Change of base formula:

a, b, y______________ and a_____ , b_______

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑦 =

YOU can pick ANY ________ !!!

Ex: Evaluate:

1) 𝑙𝑜𝑔25 1 25

2) 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 7

Expand and simplify:

1) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (2𝑥𝑦)
 10
2) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
2𝑥

3) 𝑙𝑛(𝑒 2 𝑥𝑦 5 )

2𝑥
4) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑦10 𝑧6 )

Simplify into as few logs as possible:

1) 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 6 + 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 2

2) − 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 + 3 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 − 2 𝑙𝑛 𝑧

3) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (2𝑥) − 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔( 4𝑦 2 ) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔( 5𝑥 3 ) − 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 ( 3𝑦 4 )

If 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥 = 7, 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑦 = 1.2, 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑢 = 3.1, and 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑣 = 2.7, evaluate:

1) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (4𝑥𝑦)

2𝑢
2) 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 ( 𝑣 )

3) 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 (𝑥)

Solve for x:

1) 𝑙𝑜𝑔6 (2𝑥) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔6 ( 𝑥 + 3) = 2