1

hf]zL -@)&!_ sf cg';f/ k|wfgfWofkssf] g]t[Tj lng] Ifdtfsf]

klxrfg ug{ / z}lIfs /0fgLltsf] klxrfg ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL Ps cWoog
ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . o; cWoogsf nflu s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf] ljleGg
gu/kflnsf ;d]t * j6f ljBfnoaf6 tYofÍ ;+sng ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
zf]wkqn] lgisif{df lzIff lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] gLlt lgod x]bf{ k|
wfgfWofkssf] sfd st{Josf] hl6ntf b]lvG5 eg]/ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
To:t} s]xL lglZrt ;dosf nflu lzIfsaf6 k|wfgfWofks kbdf
lgo'lQm x'g', Pp6} JolQmn] lzIfs / k|wfgfWofkssf] bf]xf]/f]
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ hl6n sfo{ xf] . o;/L k|wfgfWofkssf] 5gf}6 k|
lqmofn] ljBfno k|d'vsf] z}Ifl0fs g]t[Tjsf] sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt
ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . k|wfgfWofksn] cfkm"nfO{ kb cg's"n
of]Uo ;fljt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ / ;DalGwt lgsfon] klg pgLsf]
z}Ifl0fs g]t[Tj a9fpg Tolt hf]8 glbPsf] b]lvG5 . o; cWoogcg';f/
k|wfgfWofks Joj:yfkg tflnd / !) dlxg] lzIfs ;]jfsflng tflnd k|fKt
lzIfs klg z}Ifl0fs g]t[Tjjxg ug{ ;Ifd b]lvPsf] 5}g . o; cWoogn]
k|efjsf/L z}lIfs g]t[Tjaxg ug{ dfWoldssf k|wfgfWofkssf]
g]t[TjnfO{ lbuf] agfpg gLltut ?kdf yk clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg
ul/g'kg]{ ;'emfj ;d]t k]z u/]sf] 5 . o; cWoogdf lzIff lgodfjnLn]
tf]s]sf sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg], k|
wfgfWofksnfO{ hltntf b]lvPsf] eGg] s'/f pNn]v ePsf]n] To;
zf]w cWoognfO{ ;ldIff ul/Psf] 5 .

zfx -@)&#_ sf cg';f/ cfˆgf] n]vdf k|wfgfWofksn] vf]Ng'kg]

{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . k|wfgfWofks Ps ;Nnfxsf/sf] ?kdf kf7\oqmd
sfof{Gjogstf{sf] ?kdf kl/jt{gsf ;+jfxssf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf
k|fylds ljBfno txsf k|wfgfWofksn] s'g} ljz]iftf lnPsf ;xefuL
gePsf] of]Uotf klg P;=O=O= dfq ePsf] cGo lzIfssf] of]Uotf
a9L ePsf]]n] k|zf;lgs ?kdf sl7gfO{ ePsf] 5 . ljBfnodf dgf]dfgL
9+un] k|wfgfWofkssf] 5gf]6 ul/Psf] 5 . pgn] k|wfgfWofkssf]
Go"gtd of]Uotf la=P8= x'g'kg]{ ;'emfj ;d]t k]z u/]sf 5g\ . k|:t't
cWoogdf klg k|wfgfWofkssf] e"ldsf k|efjsf/L gx'g'df cfjZos
of]Uotf gePsf]n] cWoogsf] ;ldIffsf] ?kdf o;nfO{ lnOPsf] 5 .
 2

j:g]t, -@)&#_ sf cg';f/ jf:tjd} x/]s If]qdf k'?ifx?;/x nfUg le8\

g ;Sg] gf/Lsf] dgl:yltdfly xfd|f] d'n'sdf cBfjlws ljBdfg k'?ifk|
wfg ;fdflhs ;f]rsf] c8fgdf k'?if g} st} afws t alg/x]sf] 5}g <
eGg] k|Zg klg oxfF hNbf]aNbf] ?kdf b]vfkb{5 . cGoyf k'?ifs}
sf/0f4f/f sltko gf/Ldf cfTdljZjf;sf] b}nf]af6 efu]/ lg/fwf/
eO{ a]lrg], af}nfpg] of cfTdxTof ug{'kg{] l:yltsf] l;h{gf
gx'g'kg{] . ljsf;sf ;+j]bgzLn dxTjk"0f{ kIfx?l;t r'gf}ltk"0f{
tl/sfn] cxd\ e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] :jf:gL dflg;k|lt ;xh}l;t xLgtfef; k|s6
ug{]df (( k|ltzt hg;+Vof k'?if g} kb{5 . hlt;'s} dfof / ddtfsf]
n]kdf lbbLalxgLsf] cfGt/Ls / afXo ljsf; dfOtLdf ePtfklg
lbbLalxgLnfO{ k}t[s ;DklQdf ;dfg xs lbg'k5{ eg]/ bfh'efOn]
v'n:t 9+un] cfˆgf] xssf] ;DklQ 6'qmfpg rfxG5g\ <
ljjfxk"j{ dfOlttkm{ 5f]/f;/x 5f]/Lsf] ;DklQ pkef]usf xsdf t
hGdl;4 clwsf/sf ;fy} d'n'sL P]gcg';f/ #% jif{;Dd ljjfx gu/L dfOt
a;]sL 5f]/Ln] 5f]/f;/x c+z kfpg] / To;kl5 p;n] ljjfx u/]sf of p
kf]On uPdf p;sf] ljjfx vr{ 5'6\ofP/ c? afFsL xsjfnfn] g} kfpg]
cfdfsf Ps sf]vsf ;Gtfg 5f]/Lk|ltsf] cf}krfl/stfk"0f{ aRrfsf]
rsn]6L k|nf]egh:tf] k"jL{ P]gn] klg dlxnfnfO{ …ljjfxÚ s}
k|;Ëdf k'¥ofP/ k5f/]sf] lyof] .

jfUn] -@)&#_ sfcg';f/ bIf / of]Uo lzIfssf] cefjdf Joj:yfkgsf]

pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;lsb}g eGb} Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;a}eGbf a9L
sd{rf/L;DaGwL ;d:of /x]sf] s'/f pgn] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . s]lGb|s[t
k|zf;lgs ;+/rgf, Joj:yfks / clwg:yaLrsf] cfk;L ;DaGwdf x'g]
sdL, Joj:yfks a9L k|zf;lgs sfo{df Jo:t /xg', sd{rf/Lsf] cJojl:yt
clen]v, ;xeflutfd"ns lg0f{o k|s[of gx'g' tyf k]zfut cfsif{0fsf]
cefjh:tf sd{rf/L ;DalGw ;d:ofx?n] ubf{ xfd|f] dfWolds
ljBfnox?sf] k|efjsf/L Jo:yfkg x'g ;ls/x]sf] kfOb}g eGg] pNn]v
5 . ;/sf/n] u/]sf] nufgLsf] plrt ;b'kof]u gx'g', ;/sf/L lgoGq0f,
cg'bfg, lg/LIf0fsf sf/0f hg;|f]tsf] cefj x'g', sIff 5f]8\g] a9L x'g',
lghL ljBfnodf lnOg] clwstd z'Nssf sf/0f ;d]t cfly{s ;d:ofsf ?kdf
8f=dgk|;fb jfUn]n] cfkm\gf] n]vdf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .
/fHo, ;d'bfo / lghL If]qdf ljBdfg ;|f]tx?sf] pRrtd k|of]u u/L
lzIffsf] a9\bf] dfu k"/f ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf cg'?k cfjZos ljBfno,
lzIfs / lzIfs tflnd, kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts, z}lIfs ;fdu|L,
ef}lts ;'ljwf, ljBfyL{ cflbh:tf ;|f]tx?sf] kl/rfng ;xL 9Fun]
 3

ug{ g;s]df klg ;d:of pTkGg x'g ;Sg] s'/f n]vsn] cfkm\gf]
n]vdfkm{t JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .

l3ld/] -@)&^_ sf cg';f/ zf]wstf{n] o; zf]wdf # j6f d'Vo

p2]Zo /fv]/ z}lIfs ;q @)%#÷%$ sf7df8f}+ lhNnf lzIff ;ldltsf]
ultljlw / p;n] u/]sf] sfo{nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ cWoog ug'{ ePsf]
lyof] . o; zf]wdf lzIff P]glgodsf] ls6fg ePcg';f/ ;Gtf]ifhgs sfd
gePsf] ;fj{hlgs ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;DklQ h'6fpg z}lIfs ;fdu|L
lgdf0f{, cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] w]/} sfd
ug{ g;s]sf] s'/f zf]wdf cf}NofOPsf] 5 . k|ult ;Gtf]ifhgs x'gdf
Joj:yfkg kIfsf] pbfl;gtf g} sf/s tTj dflgPsf] 5 . oL sdhf]/L x6fpg
k/LIff k4ltdf ;'wf/, of]hgf lgdf{0f tflnd, uf]i7L ;]dLgf/sf]
cfof]hgf, ljleGg z}lIfs lgsfo aLr ;dGjo sfod ug{ ;s]
z}lIfs ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] ;'emfj k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . k|:t't cWoogdf k|
wfgfWofkssf] Joj:yfkg;DalGw e"ldsfdf ef}lts tyf cfly{s, ;|
f]tsf] dtTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] / ef}lts cj:yf sdhf]/ /x]sf]n]
o;nfO{ ;ldIff ul/Psf] 5 .

sf]O/fnf -@)&^_ n] ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgfnfO{ ;'wf/fTds xf]Og

u'0ffTds agfpg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 . o; n]vdf
ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgfnfO{ gf/df eGbf klg 7f]; of]hgfsf] ?kdf k|:t't
u/L sfof{Gjog kIfdf lng'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 o; n]vdf lbOPsf] 5 .
lzIfs ;]jf cfo]fun] sfd kf/bzL{ ?kdf ul/g'kg]{, ;xh ?kdf sfd ug]
{ jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ug'{kg]{ of]hgf lgdf{0f ubf{ ;a} /fhg}lts
bnsf] ;xeflutf sfod u/L klxnfsf] of]hgfsf] lg/Gt/tf / ;dfhsf] rfxgf
/ cfjZostfcg';f/ gjLgtd of]hgf ;dfj]z ub{} n}hfg' kg]{ wf/0ff
JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . o; cWoogdf ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgfnfO{ gf/feGbf
klg 7f]; of]hgfsf] ?kdf k|:t't ul/ sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8
lbPsf]n] o; n]vnfO{ ;ldIff ul/Psf] 5 .

zfSo -@)&&_ sf cg';f/ k|wfgfWofkssf] 5gf]6 k|foM lhNnf

lzIff sfof{non] ljleGg ljBfnosf lzIfssf] dfemaf6 Ps
hgfnfO{ ub{5 . ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] k|wfgfWofksnfO{ ToxL
 4

ljBfnosf] lzIfs;/x 36'jf u/fpg ;Sb5g\ . ljBfno Joj:yfkgdf k|

wfgfWofkssf] g]t[Tj;DaGwL sdhf]/ e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 .
lzIfsnfO{ c;Gt'li6 x'gaf6 arfpg k|wfgfWofksdf cToGt} Go"g ;|
f]t ;fwg x'G5 . sltko ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofksn] cfˆgf] Ifdtfn]
lzIf0f ;LknfO{ sfod /fv]sf] kfOG5 t/ cGo Joj:yfksLo sfo{df
eg] sdhf]/ /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;fj{hlgs ljBfno k|0ffnLdf k|
wfgfWofkssf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 eg]/ ;/sf/L :t/af6 g}
klxrfg x'g'kb{5 . cGo lzIfssf] t'ngfdf k|wfgfWofkssf] :t/ Ps tx
dflyNnf] sfod ul/g'kb{5 . Ps k6s k|wfgfWofksdf lgo'lQmkl5
k'gM klxn]s} bhf{df ;f]xL ljBfnodf 36'jf ug'{x'Fb}g . o;
cWoogdf ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofkssf] g]t[Tjz}nL sdhf]/ /
Joj:yfklso sfo{df sdhf]/ /x]sf] eGg] ePsf]n] sld o;
cWoognfO{ ;ldIff ul/Psf] 5 .

lji6 -@)&&_ sf cg';f/ ;kmn z}lIfs ;'kl/j]If0fsf]

bIftf;Fu ;DalGwt cWoogdf ;DalGwt cWoogdf k]zfut bIftf
clej[l4sf] nflu z}lIfs ;'kl/j]If0f clt cfjZosLo tTjsf] ?kdf /x]sf]
5 . lzIffdf c;Ifd s]lGb|s[t k|zf;gn] ;kmn ;'kl/j]If0f k|
0ffnLnfO{ pT;fx k|bfg ug{ ;Sb}g . z}lIfs ;+Vofn] tflnd
tyf ;'kl/j]If0f k|bfg ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng' kb{5 . k|
wfgfWofks / lzIfsn] z}lIfs ;'kl/j]If0fsf] jf:tljs p2]Zo
a'emfpg ;Sg' kb{5 . ;'kl/j]Ifs cfkm} k|lt:kwf{ k|oTgzLn x'g'kg]
{ h:tf lgisif{ lgsfn]sf 5g\ . o; cWoogdf c;Ifd s]lGb|ts[t k|
zf;gn] ;kmn ;'kl/j]If0f k|0ffnLdf pT;fx k|bfg ug{ ;Sb}g eGg]
s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] x'bf o; cWoognfO{ ;ldIff ul/Psf] 5 .

7s'/L -@)&&_ sf] cg';f/ sflnsf]6 lhNnf b]zs} ljs6 lhNnfdWo]

Ps dflgPtf klg To; If]qsf] #(^ ljBfnodWo] b/aGbLdf /x]sf k|
wfgfWofkssf] sfo{ lhNnfsf c? k'?ifeGbf cuf8L /x]sf] o; n]vdf
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfno ;'wf/sf nflu dfq geO{ lhNnfd} cfkm\
gf] 5lj sfod /fVg ;kmn ePsf] b]lvG5 . cfkm}n] rGbf lbP/ ljBfno
 5

;'wf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg lzIfs, cleefjs / ;dfh;]jfnfO{ ;d]t

k|]l/t u/]sf] kfO{G5 . cfly{s, ef}lts, g}lts ;dy{g h'6fpg ;kmn
x'g'sf ;fy} ljleGg bft[ lgsfo;“u ljZj vfB sfo{qmd, /]8qm;sf]
cfly{s ;xof]udf ef}lts kIfdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] kfO{G5 . ljBfyL{x?;“u
afnd}qL Jojxf/ ug{], ljBfno kf]zfsnfO{ lgoldt agfpg] h:tf s'/fdf
dlxnf k|wfgfWofks cufl8 /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

>]i7 -@)&(_ sf cg';f/ dfWoflds ljBfnodf ;'kl/j]Ifsaf6 k|

wfgfWofks lzIfssf] ck]Iff zLif{sdf u/]sf] cWoogsf] lgisif{n] s]
b]vfpF5 eg] k|wfgfWofks lzIfs jt{dfg ;'kl/j]If0f k|
0ffnLaf6 ;Gt'i6 5}gg\ . ;'kl/j]If0f kZrft\ jf:tjdf s] pknlAw xfFl;n
eof], o; aLrdf klg 7"nf] leGgtf kfOG5 . ljBfnosf]
cj:yf ;'wf{gsf] lgldQ ;'kl/j]Ifs ;Ifd / pko'Qm x'g'k5{ . o;
cWoogn] ;'emfj :j?k lzIfs tyf k|wfgfWofkssf] cg'ej / k|
lt:kwL{ IfdtfnfO{ cfwf/dfgL ;'kl/j]If0f ul/g' kb{5 . ljBfno
;'kl/j]If0f k|0ffnLnfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;'wf/ ub}{ cufl8 a9fpg'
kb{5 .

sdrfo{, ljZjgfy -@)&@_, g]kfnsf] k|fylds ljBfnodf k|

wfgfWofkssf] z}lIfs g]t[Tj / lzIfs lzIff jif{ #, c+s ! z}lIfs
hgzlQm ljsf; s]Gb| sf7df08f}+M ;fgf]l7dL eQmk'/ .
vgfn, eujtL s'df/L -@)&(_, ljBfno txdf dlxnf k|
wfgfWofkssf] ;xefuLtf, ck|sflzt zf]w kq, sf7df8f} M lqe'jg
ljZjljBfno sLlt{k'/ .
l3ld/], lbg]z -@)&^_, sf7df08f} lhNnfsf] lzlIfs ljifodf lhNnf
lzIff ;ldltsf] of]ubfg, ck|sflzt zf]w kq, sf7df8f} M lqe'jg
ljZjljBfno sLlt{k'/ .
 6

hf]zL, dbgs'df/ -@)&!_, k|fylds ljBfnodf k|wfgfWofkssf]

z}lIfs g]t[Tj Ps cWoog, ck|sflzt zf]w kq sf7df8f} M lqe'jg
ljZjljBfno sLlt{k'/ .
/fO{, wgs'df/L -@)&$_, dfWoflds ljBfno Joj:yfkgdf k|
wfgfWofkssf] e'ldsf, ck|sflzt zf]w kq sf7df8f} M lqe'jg
ljZjljBfno sLlt{k'/ .
zdf{, eflu/y -@)&&_, ljBfno Joj:yfkgdf ufpF lzIff ;ldltsf]
e'ldsf, ck|sflzt zf]w kq sf7df8f} M lqe'jg ljZjljBfno sLlt{k'/ .
zfx, k|df]b s'df/ -@)&#_, k|fylds txdf k|wfgfwofkssf] e'ldsf,
z}lIfs ;"rgf ;+ufnf], sf7df08f}+M g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff tyf v]ns'b
dGqfno .
lai6 -@)&)_ k|=c= k|wfgfWofkssf] ;zlQms/0fM ljBfno
;'wf/sf] af6f] pRr lzIff,
lzIff ljefu, ;fgf] 7Lld eQmk'/ .