LESSON THREE

INFORMATION LITERACY
By: John Carlo C. Baltar
INFORMATION
• Data that has been collected, processed, and
interpreted in order to be presented in a useable
form.
• A broad term that can cover processed data,
knowledge derived from study, experience,
instruction, signals or symbols. In the media world,
information is often used to describe knowledge of
specific events or situations that has been gathered
or received by communication, intelligence, or news
reports.
INFORMATION
• Why do you need information?
• Where do you search for information?
• How do you acquire and store information?
• How will you determine the quality and accuracy of
the information that you have?
• How do you use the information that you have?
• How will you communicate information?
STAGES OF INFORMATION
• Identifying/recognizing information needs
• Determining sources of information
• Citing or searching for information
• Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
• Organizing, storing or archiving information
• Using information in an ethical, efficient and
effective way
• Creating and communicating new knowledge
INFORMATION LITERACY
• a set of individual competencies needed to identify,
evaluate and use information in the most ethical,
efficient and effective way across all domains,
occupations and professions. It refers to the ability
to recognize when information is needed and to
locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate
information in its various formats.
INFORMATION LITERACY
• a set of individual competencies needed to identify,
evaluate and use information in the most ethical,
efficient and effective way across all domains,
occupations and professions. It refers to the ability
to recognize when information is needed and to
locate, evaluate, effectively use and communicate
information in its various formats.
ETHICAL USE OF
INFORMATION
There are times when you need to share information
that you have acquired from various sources written
by different authors. It is inevitable to directly quote
their words in order to preserve their meaning.
However, quoting someone else's words without
giving credit to the author essentially gives an
impression that you are claiming ownership of the
words they have said. This is called plagiarism.
CONCEPTS IN
INFORMATION LITERACY
• Common Knowledge: Facts that can be found in
numerous places and are likely to be widely known.
Example: John F. Kennedy was elected President of
the United States in 1960.

This is generally known information. You do not need

to document this fact.
CONCEPTS IN
INFORMATION LITERACY
• Interpretation: You must document facts that are
not generally known, or ideas that interpret facts.
Example: Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball
player ever to have played the game.

This idea is not a fact but an interpretation or an

opinion. You need to cite the source.
CONCEPTS IN
INFORMATION LITERACY
• Quotation: Using someone’s words directly. When
you use a direct quote, place the passage between
quotation marks, and document the source
according to a standard documenting style.
Example: According to John Smith in The New York
Times, “37% of all children under the age of 10 live
below the poverty line”.

You need to cite the source.

CONCEPTS IN
INFORMATION LITERACY
• Paraphrase: Using someone’s ideas, but
rephrasing them in your own words. Although you
will use your own words to paraphrase, you must
still acknowledge and cite the source of the
information
CONCEPTS IN
INFORMATION LITERACY
• Plagiarism has legal implications. While ideas themselves
are not copyrightable, the artistic expression of an idea
automatically falls under copyright when it is created.
Under fair use, small parts may be copied without
permission from the copyright holder.
• However, even under fair use - in which you can use some
parts of the material for academic or non-profit purposes -
you must attribute the original source. What is considered
fair use is rather subjective and can vary from country to
country.
STRATEGIES TO AVOID
PLAGIARISM
• Submit your own work for publication. You need to cite
even your own work.
• Put quotation marks around everything that comes directly
from the text and cite the source.
• Paraphrase, but be sure that you are not simply
rearranging or replacing a few words and cite the source.
• Keep a source journal, a notepad, or note cards-
annotated bibliographies can be especially beneficial
• Use the style manual in properly citing sources
• Get help from the writing center or library
PT 1
• “According to the weather forecast, there is
no typhoon. However, your locality is
experiencing heavy rainfall, while some parts
in your province /region are already flooded.
There are reported incidents of landslide,
evacuation, stranded vehicles and drowning.
As a student, what are you going to do?”
PT 1