厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞 16.

1: 51-88, 2019

ᐉḁᩚᑛᅮᬙᆃᒯ᫓ᩚᛈᆄ⊹ᓗ⃊⛄ᛵ!

₫ᑛ⍆ᰂᶠᯇ+!

ᎊᚮ፹!
᫓ᐉ᪓Ṇ᥇≨ጙ⍆᫓፲⍆ᖗ!

⁸ᢢ!
㻊⫿ᷳ䷩暄暋⬠炻ᶵ㛔⚳⬠䪍デ⇘⚘暋炻⢾䯵⬠䓇㚜㗗㛃ᷳ⌣㬍炻⤪
ỽ㍸⋯㻊⫿⬠佺䘬㓰䌯烎⃤䃞⶚ㆸ䁢厗婆㔯㔁⬠⽭枰⃳㚵䘬暋溆ˤġ
㖶㛓俞䧴㚫⢓㗗㫸㳚㻊⬠䞼䨞䘬⃰槭炻ḇ㗗⢾䯵Ṣ⢓⬠佺㻊婆䘬℠䭬ˤ
⇑䐒䩯ĩMatteo Ricci, 1552-1610Ī㕤 1582 ⸜㉝忼㽛攨炻䞕䞕⋩检⸜攻炻ὧ傥冯
ᷕ⚳₺⢓㳩⇑⮵婯炻᷎ᶼ傥ẍ㻊⫿叿㚠䩳婒ˤ侫⮇⇑䐒䩯⬠佺㻊⫿䘬㕡㱽冯
䫾䔍炻䔞冯⎌ⶴ冀㳩⁛ᶳἮ䘬姀ㅞᷳ埻ĩmnemotechnicsĪ⭮ᶵ⎗↮ˤ㛔㔯㒔ẍ
⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫ἄ䁢䞼䨞㛸㕁炻啱≑娵䞍婆妨⬠䘬奨⾝冯㕡㱽炻ᶨ⇯ṳ
䳡˪大⚳姀㱽˫䘬姀ㅞ㱽⇯炻斉䘤姀ㅞ埻⤪ỽ㍸⋯㻊⫿⬠佺㓰䌯ᷳ⤏䦀烊ᶨ
⇯啱䓙⇑䐒䩯⮵㻊⫿㥳⼊䎮㒂䘬妋㥳冯慵䳬炻㍊䨞⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤䘬娵䞍㨇⇞炻
᷎⿅侫㬌䧖佺⫿㌟㱽⤪ỽ忳䓐⇘䎦ẋ厗婆㔯㔁⬠ᶲˤġ
ġ
⚆┺ᑛᅝ㻊⫿ġ 姀ㅞ埻ġ ⇑䐒䩯ġ ˪大⚳姀㱽˫ġ 㥳⼊䎮㒂ġ


1. ᝟ᖦ
䎦ẋ㻊⫿㗗㉥尉⊾䘬堐シ㔯⫿炻冯㫸伶⚳⭞ㄋⷠἧ䓐䘬㊤枛㔯⫿ᶵ⎴ˤ䎦ẋ
㻊⫿ᶵ㔠慷䛦⣂ˣ䫮䔓䷩墯炻ᶼ⫿䫎℟㚱ảシ⿏(arbitrary)炻暋ẍ⽆⫿⼊ᶲ䱦
㸾⼿↢⫿枛冯⫿佑炻⮵⇅⬠㻊⫿侭忈ㆸ䎮妋冯⬠佺ᶲ䘬⚘暋ˤ㻊⫿ᷳ䷩暄暋⬠炻


*
㛔㔯⇅䧧䘤堐㕤ˬ䫔ḅ⯮㻊⫿冯㻊⫿㔁做⚳晃䞼妶㚫˭ 炷2019 ⸜ 1 㚰 19-20 㖍炻崲⋿炽
傉⽿㖶ⶪ烉傉⽿㖶ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炸 炻デ嫅䘥㦪㟹(Joël Bellassen)㔁㌰㍸⓷妶婾炻ẍ⍲㛔㛇↲
ℑỵ⋧⎵⮑㞍Ṣよ岄⮞屜シ夳ˤ

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厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

ᶵ㛔⚳⬠䪍デ⇘⚘暋炻⢾䯵⬠䓇㚜㗗㛃ᷳ⌣㬍炻⤪ỽ㍸⋯㻊⫿⬠佺䘬㓰䌯烎⃤
䃞⶚ㆸ䁢厗婆㔯㔁⬠⽭枰⃳㚵䘬暋溆ˤ
㖶㛓俞䧴㚫⢓㗗㫸㳚㻊⬠䞼䨞䘬⃰槭炻ḇ㗗⢾䯵Ṣ⢓⬠佺㻊婆䘬℠䭬ˤ⇑䐒
䩯(Matteo Ricci, 1552-1610)㕤 1582 ⸜㉝忼㽛攨炻䁢忪埴ˬ䞍嬀⁛㔁˭ᷳả⊁炻
䧵㤝⬠佺㻊婆ˣ㻊⫿炻⛐ⷓ屯冯㔁㛸⛯㤝⹎⋙᷷䘬㡅ẞᶳ炻ᶵ忶䞕䞕⋩检⸜攻炻
⇑䐒䩯ὧ傥冯ᷕ⚳₺⢓㳩⇑⮵婯炻᷎ᶼ傥ẍ㻊⫿叿㚠䩳婒ˤ䁢ỽ⇑䐒䩯傥⣈⤪㬌
⾓忇⛘佺⼿㻊⫿␊烎゛⽭㚱℞ⶏ⥁ᷳ㌟⼹ˤ侫⮇⇑䐒䩯⬠佺㻊⫿䘬㕡㱽冯䫾䔍炻
䔞冯⎌ⶴ冀㳩⁛ᶳἮ䘬姀ㅞᷳ埻(mnemotechnics)⭮ᶵ⎗↮ˤ⇑䐒䩯⛐˪大⚳姀㱽炽
䩳尉䭯˫㍸⍲䩳尉姀⫿ᷳ始䩭炻ḹ烉

ᇂᆪύ୯ЎӷǴ઒‫ܭ‬Ϥਜ……ǶՠϞϐӷǴҗεጆԶλጆǴλጆԶᗧǴᗧ
ԶིǴЪᚇа߫ਜǴѐђཇᇻǴচ‫׎‬ሀᡂǴຎ‫ܯ‬ВԾฅϐЎǴϸаࣁ‫܁‬Ƕ
Զਔ߫‫ۘ܌‬Ǵӧђ‫܌‬ᒏᙤ䐮ค‫ޣڗ‬ǴࠍӼҔคᅪǶࡺ૟‫ڗݤ‬ຝǴ΋аਔۘ
ಞ‫ـ‬ϐӷࣁҁǴ੝ౣϷђਜԸǶΥӷჴԖ‫ޣ׎ځ‬Ǵ߾ຝаჴԖϐ‫ނ‬Ǵՠӷ
ϐჴԖ‫ࣗޣނځ‬ϿǴคჴ‫ޣނ‬ǴёॷຝǵёբຝǴҭа຀ຝ૶ჴӷǴᇂҔ
ຝଐշ૶Ǵ٬ܰԶό‫ב‬Ƕ……ӵ“ో”ӷǵ“ซ”ӷǴࣣചᛌϐӜǴϞΓӭό᛽
‫ރ׎ځ‬Ǵऩ૶“ో”а΋ଭ҅य़ӛѦԶҥǴ૶“ซ”аဥॗ౐ХǴ‫ځ‬Ꭹ‫׎‬ᡏϐ‫ނ‬
҂ම‫ޣـ‬Ǵፏӵࢂ௢ϐǶ
Ȑ 炷㛙䵕拂 2001:151-152炸
ȠճᅦᝠύЎ๱᝿໣ȡȑ

㛔㔯㒔ẍ⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫ἄ䁢䞼䨞㛸㕁炻啱≑娵䞍婆妨⬠䘬䎮婾冯㕡㱽炻
娎叿㍊䨞ẍᶳ⓷柴烉

1. ճᅦᝠࣁՖጓኗȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬ȡǻ૶ᏫೌவՖԶٰǻჹᅇӷᏢಞԖՖշ੻ǻ
2. ճᅦᝠӵՖஒ૶ᏫೌၮҔӧᅇӷᏢಞ΢‫ګ‬ǻ‫ڀ‬ᡏᏹբБԄࣁՖǻᡏ౜ব
٤ᇡ‫ޕ‬ᐒ‫ڋ‬ǻ
3. ճᅦᝠ‫ޑ‬ᅇӷᏢಞ฼ౣǴჹ‫ܭ‬ჹѦᅇӷ௲ᏢԖՖ௴วǻ

ℨ㛃啱䓙㛔㔯䞼䨞⎗忼ㆸℑ枭䚖㧁烉ᶨ㗗ṳ䳡˪大⚳姀㱽˫䘬姀ㅞ㱽⇯炻斉
䘤姀ㅞ埻⤪ỽ㍸⋯㻊⫿⬠佺㓰䌯ᷳ⤏䦀烊ᶨ㗗啱䓙⇑䐒䩯⮵㻊⫿㥳⼊䎮㒂䘬妋㥳
冯慵䳬炻㍊䨞⚾⁷䶐䡤䘬娵䞍㨇⇞炻᷎⿅侫㬌䧖佺⫿㌟㱽⤪ỽ忳䓐⇘䎦ẋ厗婆㔯
㔁⬠ᶲˤġ

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 䩳尉姀⫿ȹ⽆˪大⚳姀㱽˫婾⇑䐒䩯䘬㻊⫿⬠佺䫾䔍ġ

2. ᓗ⃊⛄ᛵ᧷ᘟᩚ⍏ᰰ!
⇑䐒䩯炻⋩ℕᶾ䲨㗪佑⣏⇑䯵䘬俞䧴㚫⢓炻冒㫸伭⶜怈㷉慵㲳侴Ἦ䘬䔘⚳䔠
Ṣ炻㚱叿䘥䙁兂刚冯⣯䈡⭡尴炻㓄ℍ冒沜揀ˣᶱ䧄掉ˣ⛘䎫₨ˣ㷦⣑₨䫱怈大䔘
䈑炻劎⽫⬠佺厗妨㻊⫿ˣ䅇嬨₺⭞℠䯵炻晾䃞ᶵḳ䓇䓊⌣傥堋梇䃉仢ǾǾ炻1忁
ṃẌṢ⋒⣟㇨⿅ˣ崭ⷠ᷶Ṣᷳ嗽炻㖊嬻⿅゛ᾅ⬰䘬佌䛦⽫⬀嬎ㆺˣᾅ㊩嶅暊炻Ữ
ḇ⺽Ἦ姙⣂㉙㊩䌝⣯⽫䎮䘬⬠侭䇕䚠㊄姒炻2⼊ㆸ㇨媪ˬ⇑䐒䩯䎦尉˭
ˤ⇑䐒䩯䁢
ỽ傥⣈倚⎵怈㑕␊烎䁢ỽ傥⣈⏠⺽ᷕ⚳⢓Ṣ䘬斄㲐烎⎗傥⚈䳈䓂⣂炻⇑㮷䱦忂㻊
婆㻊⫿ˣ⌂⬠⻟姀䃉䔹㗗℞ᷕ斄挝ˤ
⇑䐒䩯⛐厗⁛㔁⇵⼴ℙ 28 ⸜炷1583-1610炸炻℞⁛㔁㬟䦳᷎朆ᶨ嶗枮忪炻侴
㗗Ⲷ⴯⛶✟ˣ㺧Ự勲㢀ˤ1583 ⸜⇑䐒䩯ℍ厗⁛㔁炻⋩检⸜攻炷1583-1595炸炻ẍ
大Ἦ₏Ṣ䘬⼊尉冯ṢṌ㍍炻梥⍿婌妋冯㌺㒈炻℞嵛嶉Ὗ旸⛐⺋㜙倯ㄞˣ枞ⶆᶨ
ⷞ炻⁛㔁ㆸ㓰ᶵ⼘烊军 1595 ⸜炻䌚⼿⊿ᶲ⋿㖴䘬㨇㚫炻㕡ㇵ僓ᶳ₏堵侴呬檖䔁
櫂ˣ㓡㎃₺㚵炻嚣嬲ㆸ⼴Ṣ㇨䅇〱䘬大₺⼊尉炻攳⥳⯽曚↢ᾳṢ䌐䈡ㇵ⬠冯櫭≃炻
⽆侴⏠⺽ᷕ⚳⢓Ṣ斄㲐䘬䚖⃱ˤ⇑䐒䩯⛐⋿㖴⺢䩳⁛㔁㒂溆炻᷎⛐㬌⛘楸嵛ᶱ⸜
炷1595-1598炸
炻晐⼴㚦䞕㙓 䔁⋿Ṕ炷1599-1600炸
炻㚨䳪䌚Ⅾ句儛㕤ⷅ悥㇨⛐—
⊿Ṕ炷1600-1610炸
ˤ⚆栏⇑䐒䩯ℍ厗⁛㔁㬟䦳炻⇵㛇巯⚘䨺䣁炻⼴㛇⇯㻠ℍἛ⠫炻
℞ᷕ斄挝䘬␥忳廱㉀溆⯙⛐⋿㖴炻⛐㬌嗽⇑䐒䩯⬴ㆸᾳṢ⼊尉䘬侣廱—䓙ˬ䔘➇
䔒₏˭嚣嬲ㆸˬ大Ἦ₺侭˭
ˤ䁢ỽ傥⣈⤪㬌⾓忇嚣嬲⼊尉␊烎忁䔞冯⇑䐒䩯䱦忂
ˬ姀ㅞ埻˭㚱叿㤝⣏斄倗ˤ
姀ㅞ埻㚱ỽ䤆⣯㓰䓐烎⇑䐒䩯⍰㗗⤪ỽ㳣䓐姀ㅞ埻烎ᾳṢẍ䁢炻⇑䐒䩯䘬䤆
⣯姀ㅞ埻䘤㎖ℑ⣏㓰䓐烉ᶨ㗗㍸⋯⬠佺㻊⫿ˣ側婎䴻℠ᷳ㓰䌯烊ᶨ㗗⟹忈ˬ⌂⬠
⻟姀˭ᷳ㬋朊⼊尉ˤ

1
⼸㗪忚炷1549-1632炸 ˪沑勚普炽㫸伭⶜⚳姀˫烉 ˬ℞Ṣ䚖ⶐ侴㶙炻刚役䡏炻俛㒜侴攳炻
㽫檕⊭柟炻别别侴䞕炻滣ᷕ㖪侴㸾ᶳ✪ˤᷕ⚳ᷳ尴炻怈Ṣ䁢ᷳ侭炻倾℞ᶱ⚃ˤ℞⛐慹
昝炻⣂姒夾侭炻㍍ᷳ⋹㖪⼿橼炻↢ℍ偑廧炻晐䪍⁽ˣⅈ∵䓂悥ˤ⍣⚳㖊ᷭ炻㧸ㅱ✪炻
⍰〕嫡䃉㕩ℍ炻䔹㚱湫䘥埻⍾⃭ˤ侴斆⭌ᷕ䃉䆸溶ˤἁ⓷ᷳ炻ḹ℞⚳Ṣ⣂忲ἃ恶㨇炻
ἃ㚿㨇㗪㚱⼨Ἦ䱝㜙侭炻⽆⼤⌣⭬ˤ˭ 炷⍫夳㸗攳⺢ 2017:12炸
烊栏崟⃫炷1565-1628炸
˪⭊⹏岭婆炽⇑䐒䩯˫⌟ℕ烉 ˬ朊䙁炻嘔櫂炻㶙䚖侴䜃湫⤪尻炻忂ᷕ⚳婆ˤ˭ 炷⍫夳㸗
攳⺢ 2017:22炸 ˤ
2
⇑䐒䩯弇≽㘂㖶⢓㜿炻忈姒侭䴉両ᶵ䳽炻䓂军㛅歖ℍṔ㛅届䘬ἧ冋Ṏ⇵Ἦ㊄姒ˤ㒂㜿
慹㯜˨⇑䐒䩯Ṍ忲Ṣ䈑堐˩侫嫱炻㚦冯⇑䐒䩯Ṍ忲ᷳᷕ⚳⭀⒉⍲⎬刚Ṣ䈑⣂忼 137 Ṣ
炷廱⺽冒漸ᷫ㖶 2008:99炸 ˤ姙⣂⢓Ṣ䌝⣯㏄䔘䘬⽫ン冯⇑㮷Ṍ⼨炻℞ᷣ天シ⚾㗗゛天
⬠佺ᶱ枭䞍嬀烉㔠⬠ˣ䃱慹埻冯姀ㅞ埻ˤ

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厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

2.1 㚱≑㕤⬠佺㻊⫿ˣ䅇姀䴻℠
ᷕ⚳⎹Ἦẍ⣑㛅冒⯭炻♜㖶ˬ厗⣟ᷳ彐˭炻⮵㕤旴䓇䘬⢾Ἦ㔯㖶炻⣏⣂㉙㊩
叿惁⣟䘬ン⹎ˤ俞䧴㚫⢓怈㷉慵㲳ˣ⇅㉝ᷕ厗炻朊⮵⎌侩侴⮩攱䘬⣏㖶䘯㛅炻㶭
㤂シ嬀⇘劍゛忚ℍᷕ⚳ℏ⛘⁛㔁炻᷎䌚⼿ᷕ⚳⢓Ṣ昶Ⰼ䘬娵⎴炻椾天ᷳ⊁ὧ㗗傥
䱦忂㻊婆ˣ㚠⮓㻊⫿ˤ㗗ẍ炻⇑䐒䩯㕤 1582 ⸜㉝忼㽛攨⼴炻⛐怈㜙㔁⊁夾⮇⒉
劫䥖⬱(Alessandro Valignano, 1539-1606)䘬㊯䣢ᶳ炻䩳⌛䧵㤝㈽㲐⽫≃⛐㻊婆㻊
⫿䘬⬠佺ᶲˤ
晾婒俞䧴㚫⢓⛐忚ℍᷕ⚳ᷳ⇵炻ㆾ姙⶚攻㍍⛘⽆㖍婆ᷕ㍍妠⇘㻊婆冯㻊⫿炻
3
Ữ⌘㫸婆妨冯㻊婆䚠㭼炻ℑ侭ᷳ攻䔊䪇⬀⛐叿㖶栗䘬ˬ䣦㚫ⶖ嶅˭ (social
distance)4炻㓭䔞㖑㛇俞䧴㚫⢓䚜㍍朊⮵㻊婆ˣ㻊⫿㗪炻ṵ㘖念⮵⬠佺忁䧖朆㊤枛
㔯⫿䘬旴䓇婆㔯デ⇘⋩↮⚘暋ˤ⛐⇑䐒䩯䘬㚠ᾉᷕ炻㶭㤂䚳⇘㖑㛇俞䧴㚫⢓⇅⬠
㻊⫿㗪㇨怕忯⇘䘬䩀⠫烉

ύ୯ᇟЎߚதᜤᏢǴຬр‫ځ‬ѬҺՖ୯ৎ‫ޑ‬ЎӷǴӢࣁѬคӷ҆ǴӷΞӭள
όёीኧǴёаᇥШࣚ΢ԖӭϿӷǴѬΨԖӭϿӷǶӢԜࣁૈၲ‫ޑۺ཮ډ‬
ำࡋሡाࡐߏ‫ޑ‬ਔ໔ǴᏵᇥջ٬ύ୯ΓΨ໪᠐ਜΜϖԃࡕǴБૈ೯᠐ǵૈ
ቪЎകǴҗԜё‫ࢂޕ‬ӵՖӦᜤᏢಞΑǶӢԜ໒‫ۈ‬ਔ‫ؒך‬ԖߞЈૈ‫ע‬ѬᏢӳ…
Ȑᛥܴ୲ 1583 ԃ 2 Д 7 ВȤठഝᅟђٚ٥ᒍઓР(P. Mercuriano)ਜȥ
ǴȠճᅦ
ᝠਜߞ໣ȡ Ȑ⇑䐒䩯 1986:431ȑ
ȐΠȑȑ

䷙ἧ㻊⫿䚳Ụ䷩墯暋⬠炻Ữ⇑䐒䩯⌣⎒剙ℑˣᶱ⸜㗪攻炷⽆ 1582 ⸜军 1585

⸜炸劎⬠炻ὧ冒奢℞婒娙ˣ⮓⫿傥≃⣏㚱㍸⋯炻⶚忼ˬᷕ䫱䦳⹎˭炻ᶵ⽭ℵ德忶


3
俞䧴㚫⢓㚨⇅德忶㖍婆攻㍍⛘娵嬀㻊婆ˣ㻊⫿炻㇂⌘⸛炷2007:192炸㊯↢烉 ˬ伭㖶➭冯
⇑䐒䩯⇅㉝㽛攨㗪炻ṾᾹ⮵ᷕ⚳㔯⊾䘬娵嬀⍲℞婆妨㔯⫿䘬䞼䨞᷎朆⽆暞攳⥳炻侴㗗
⶚䴻㚱⼰⤥䘬➢䢶炻忁⯙㗗⛐㖍㛔䫱⛘䘬俞䧴㚫⢓⮵ᷕ⚳㔯⊾䘬䲣䴙䞼䨞ˤ˭⮎晃ᶲ炻
⇑䐒䩯⇅㉝㽛攨㗪炻⯂㛒傥㌴㎉㻊婆㻊⫿炻⛐⮓䴎⶜悥旧⽟炽⭴䇦䲵慴(P. Martino de
Fornari)䘬㚠ᾉᷕ炻✎妨烉ˬ`ἧ䤆䇞ぐ╄㬉Ṩ湤ᷕ⚳㚠䯵炻ㆹ㚫姕㱽䴎ぐ⭬Ἦ炻㚨⤥
㗗䓐㉱ᶩ㔯ㆾ佑⣏⇑㔯㊤枛炻⚈䁢ㆹ䚖⇵⯂ᶵ㚫⮓ᷕ⚳⫿炻⮵婒ᷕ⚳娙ḇⶖ䘬䚠䔞怈ˤ˭
炷⇑䐒䩯 1986:34炸
4
ⶫ㚿炷2002:240炸妋慳ˬ䣦㚫ⶖ嶅˭䘬㤪⾝炻㊯↢烉 ˬ䣦㚫ᷫ㗗ᾳ橼ℏ悐⛐忯⇘䫔Ḵ䧖
㔯⊾㗪㇨䓊䓇䘬娵䞍⍲ねデᶲ䘬㍍役デ(proximity)ˤ⼰栗䃞䘬炻 ˮⶖ嶅˯ᶨ娆㗗䓐Ἦ㍷
徘ℑ䧖㔯⊾ⶖ䔘⿏䘬ᶨ䧖㭼╣ˤ˭

54
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 䩳尉姀⫿ȹ⽆˪大⚳姀㱽˫婾⇑䐒䩯䘬㻊⫿⬠佺䫾䔍ġ

侣嬗炻ὧ⎗䚜㍍␴ảỽᷕ⚳ṢṌ婯炻⛐ᷕ㔯㚠⮓ˣ婎嬨ḇⶖ⻟Ṣシˤ5㬌⼴炻⇑
䐒䩯ㆾ⚈㔁⊁䷩慵冯䓇㳣⚘枻炻农ἧᷕ㔯⬠佺忚䦳ᶨ⹎星ℍ 㺗炻Ữ㚨㘂军 1595
⸜炻⇑䐒䩯⶚傥忳䓐㳩⇑ᷕ㔯忚埴⮓ἄ˪Ṍ⍳婾˫
炻䓂军冒◚䚖⇵ᷕ㔯傥≃㯜⸛
ˤ6娎゛烉⇑䐒䩯䁢ỽ傥⣈⤪㬌⾓㌟㚱㓰⛘⬠㚫㻊⫿烎
⶚怈⊅忶㕤㭵婆炷佑⣏⇑婆炸
䨞䪇㚱ỽ佺⫿⥁㱽␊烎斄挝⛐㕤烉⇑䐒䩯傥䲼䅇⛘忳䓐姀ㅞ埻ἄ䁢≑姀ⶍ℟炻忼
⇘忶䚖ᶵ⾀ˣḳ⋲≇᾵䘬㓰㝄ˤ

2.2 ⻟⊾ˬ⌂⬠⻟姀˭ᷳᾳṢ櫭≃
㘂㖶㗪Ṣ⮵㕤⇑䐒䩯℞Ṣ℞⬠ᷳᷣ奨姽₡ᶵᶨˣ墺属ℑ㤝炻7Ữ䃉婾㗗墺ˣ
㗗属炻ᶵ⭡⏎娵⇑䐒䩯㚱枭䤆᷶℞㈨ˣẌṢ⌘尉㶙⇣䘬䈡㬲㛔ḳ—崭⻟姀ㅞ≃炻
㬌䧖忶䚖ᶵ⾀ˣᾺ側⤪㳩䘬傥≃炻崭ⷠ᷶ンˣ役᷶⣯⸣炻ⷞ㚱ṃ姙䌬䦀刚⼑炻㖶
㛓拊ⶴ妨˪䌒⚺炽ẁ⸣˫ᷳˬ⇑䐒䩯˭㡅炻⮯⇑䐒䩯㬠ℍ忂㙱㱽埻ᷳ䔘Ṣ炻ḹ烉

ˬᅦᝠች‫๊܄‬উǴᗨኧ࿤ሹ‫ق‬Ǵ΋ំԶளǴΓᒏ‫ૅځ‬ԖԋਢǴࡺૈฅǶᏵ
ϓǺȬᏢ᛽ӷӵ೷ࡂฅȭǴᅪջրᏂȬа΋ೣ࿤ȭϐက‫خ‬Ƕ……۪ԉԃহǴ
ύࣝޮੰǴܺୖԶԝǴ‫ځޕۈ‬คдၰೌǴࢂѦӮύ΋౦ΓΨǶ˭
炷⍫夳㸗攳
⺢ 2017:27-28炸

⛐⋿㖴㛇攻炻㚦䔞䛦堐㺼姀ㅞ埻炻忶䚖ᶵ⾀䘬傥≃⌂⼿䛦Ṣ孂▮炻⇑䐒䩯⛐
ᾉᷕ姀㔀㬌ḳ炻ḹ烉

Ԗ΋ҹ٣٬‫ך‬७ቚᖂ៉Ǵ൩ࢂ‫זࡐૈך‬ङᇝύ୯ӷǶ‫ך‬ᆶдॺѺ።Ǵ߄Ң
‫ך‬ᇡ᛽ࡐӭύ୯ӷǹ೭ࢂࣁܺ٪΢ЬᆶӀᄪϺЬࢂࡐख़ा‫ޑ‬Ǵ‫֋ך‬ນдॺǴ
ҺཀቪӭϿύ୯ӷ‫ܭ‬΋஭ર΢Ǵ۶ԜόѸࡪ΋‫ޑۓ‬ำ‫ׇ‬Ǵѝा୦΋ԛǴ‫ך‬
൩ёङрѬॺٰǴ΋ӵ‫܌‬ቪ‫ޑ‬ำ‫ׇ‬΋ኬǶдॺ൩ӵԜྣᒤΑǴόࡪำ‫ׇ‬ቪ
Α೚ӭӷǴ‫ך‬୦ֹΑ΋ԛǴ൩ӵдॺ‫܌‬ቪ‫ޑ‬ӕኬΞङΑрٰǴдॺ‫ࢂܭ‬೿
ᡋ‫ڻ‬όЗǴႽࢂ΋ҹε٣ǴԶ‫ࣁך‬٬дॺ‫׳‬ᡋ‫ڻ‬Ǵ‫ך‬ΞஒѬॺॹ๱ङᇝр

5
⛐˨农伭楔䷥㚫攟旧㟪⥼䒎䤆䇞㚠˩ 炷1585 ⸜ 10 㚰 20 㖍炸
ˣ˨农⭴⇑⌉㍸䤆䇞㚠˩ 炷1585
⸜ 11 㚰 24 㖍炸ℑ⮩㚠ᾉᷕ炻⇑䐒䩯㍸⍲䔞ᶳ⬠佺㻊婆ˣ㻊⫿ᷳㆸ㝄炷⍫夳⇑䐒䩯
1986:69, 84炸 ˤ
6
⻝㴟劙炷2006炸⮯⇑䐒䩯⬠佺㻊婆㬟䦳↮ㆸ⚃ᾳ昶㭝烉1. 崟㬍昶㭝炷1582-1585炸 烊2.
㺗昶㭝炷1586-1592炸 烊3. 䨩䟜昶㭝炷1593-1594炸 烊4. 梃帵昶㭝炷1595 ẍ⼴炸ˤ
7
⻝ⱙ炷1597-1679炸 ˪䞛⋙㚠炽⇑䐒䩯↿⁛˫⌟ 204 ㇨ḹ烉 ˬ㚱墺ᷳ䁢⣑⬠炻㚱姦ᷳ䁢䔘
䪗炻墺ᷳˣ姦ᷳ炻℞⣙⛯ḇˤ˭炷夳㸗攳⺢ 2017:50炸

55
55
厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

ٰǴག᝺డค֚ᜤǴவനࡕ΋ঁӣ‫ډ‬ಃ΋ঁӷǴ΋ӷόᅅǶ೭ኬ‫׳‬٬౲Γ
εᡋѨՅǶࡕٰǴдॺ൩ा‫ך‬௲дॺ೭ᅿઓ‫૶ڻ‬Ꮻ‫ޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬ǶȐճᅦᝠ 1595
ԃ 8 Д 29 ВȤठᐞߐ‫ۏ‬ΟቺઓРਜȥǴȠճᅦᝠਜߞ໣ȡ
Ȑ΢ȑȑ炷⇑䐒䩯
1986:163炸

䷥䳸ᶲ徘炻⛐ᷕ⚳⁛䴙⢓⣏⣓䘬₡ῤ奨ᷕ炻ⓗ㚱ℤ⁁ˬ⌂⬠⻟姀˭
炷⬠⓷炸ˣ
ˬṢ⑩檀㻼˭
炷忻⽟炸ℑ枭䈡岒炻㕡傥ㆸ䁢⬴伶㔯Ṣ䘬℠✳炻ㇵ傥⍿⇘㘖念䘬⮲
㔔冯㍐ⲯˤ⇑䐒䩯゛天岷⼿ᷕ⚳⢓Ṣ䘬孂嬥炻忚侴⏠⺽⎬刚Ṣ䈑冯ᷳṌ忲炻⽭枰
㒢僓埣⣟ᷳ屈朊⌘姀炻䧵㤝䆇忈䫎⎰㔯Ṣ℠✳ᷳ㬋朊⼊尉ˤ姀ㅞ埻ᷳ䤆⣯㓰䓐炻
昌Ḯ㚱㓰㍸⋯⬠佺㻊婆㻊⫿䘬㓰䌯⢾炻⎴㗪ḇ℟㚱⟹忈ᾳṢ㬋朊⼊尉ᷳ旬≈㓰
㝄ˤ

3.ᆃᒯ᫓ᩚᛈᆄᛵ⍹Ꮒự␴ℚᑯᦀ῜ᶗ
⛐⋿㖴㛇攻炻⇑䐒䩯ㅱ㰇大ⶉ㑓映叔✻8ᷳ婳妿炻䁢⁛㌰大㕡姀ㅞ埻ᷳ➢㛔
天始炻⇅㬍㑘ㆸ˪大⚳姀㱽˫ᶨ㚠ˤ㬌㚠㗗ẍ㻊㔯ṳ䳡大㕡姀ㅞ埻䘬椾悐叿ἄ炻
㚠ᷕ㍸⍲姀ㅞ埻䘬㬟⎚㸸㳩炻᷎娛䳘妋婒姀ㅞ埻ᷳ㑵ἄ⍇⇯冯℟橼㬍樇ˤ

3.1 姀ㅞ埻ᷳ䘤⯽㸸㳩
姀ㅞ埻⍇㗗⎌ⶴ冀ᾖ录⬠(rhetoric)ᷕ䘬ᶨ䑘炻㚨⇅≇䓐⛐㕤⸓≑㺼婒⭞傥⣈
䅇姀攟䭯嫃娆ˤ䚠⁛姀ㅞ埻䘬䘤㖶侭䁢⎌ⶴ冀娑Ṣ大㛓㲍⽟(Simonides of Ceos)炻
Ữ⎌ⶴ冀姀ㅞ埻䘬⇅⥳㧋尴䁢ỽ炻⤪Ṳ⶚暋ẍ䞍㙱ˤ㒂叱勚(Frances A. Yates)˪姀
ㅞᷳ埻˫炷2007炸ᶨ㚠䘬侫嫱炻Ṳ㖍㇨夳ᷳ⎌℠姀ㅞ埻炻ᷣ天ᾅ⬀㕤伭楔㗪㛇ᶱ
䧖㉱ᶩ㔯叿ἄ—大⠆伭(Cicero)˪婾晬彗⭞˫(De oratore)烊㖮橼列(Quintilian)˪ᾖ
录㔁做˫(Institutio oratoria)ˣ䃉⎵㮷䘬˪䌣䴎崓ΐ⯤˫(Ad Herennium)炻℞ᷕ⯌
ẍ˪䌣䴎崓ΐ⯤˫㚨䁢娛䳘ˣ⬴㔜炻叱勚炷2007:18炸娵䁢娚㚠⎗婒㗗⋩ℕᶾ䲨
姀ㅞ埻䘬䷥㸸柕炻㊯↢烉 ˪崓ΐ⯤˫叿ㇳˤ……
ˬ゛天㍐㔚姀ㅞ䘬⎌℠喅埻炻⯙⽭枰⽆

8
映叔✻炻⫿⣑㹍炻嘇ẚ浜炻㴁㰇▱冰⹄⸛㷾䷋Ṣ炻㖶䧮⬿昮ㄞḴ⸜炷1568炸忚⢓ˤ⇑
䐒䩯㡛䎮姀ㅞ埻天始冯㕡㱽炻⮓ㆸ˪大⚳姀㱽˫ᶨ㚠炻䌣䴎映叔✻ˤ1596 ⸜ 10 㚰 13
㖍˨农伭楔䷥㚫攟旧㟪⥼䒎䤆䇞㚠˩㍸⍲㬌ḳ烉 ˬ⮵姀ㅞ埻炻⼰⣂Ṣデ⇘㤝⣏䘬冰嵋炻
⚈㬌ㆹ䓐ᷕ㔯㈲㚱斄⺢嬘冯夷⇯⮓ㆸᶨ㛔⮷Ⅎ⫸炻岰復䴎映ⶉ㑓炻㗗Ṿ⎹ㆹ天㯪⮓↢炻
ẍὃṾ䘬⃺⫸教嬨ˤṾℵᶱ⎹ㆹ农嫅ˤṾṼ䳘教嬨ᷳ⼴炻⮵ㆹ婒烉ˮℏ㇨㚱䘬姀ㅞ夷
⼳炻䘬䡢ᶵ拗侴ᶼ䛇⮎炻⎒㗗⤪傥⇑䓐⬫Ᾱ⽭枰⃰㚱⤥䘬姀ㅞᶵ⎗˯ˤ˭炷 ⇑䐒䩯
1986:230炸

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 䩳尉姀⫿ȹ⽆˪大⚳姀㱽˫婾⇑䐒䩯䘬㻊⫿⬠佺䫾䔍ġ

㭷ᶨ悐婾姀ㅞ埻䘬叿徘炻⎒天㚱ˮ⟜㇨ˣỵ伖˯䘬㱽⇯炻㚱ˮ⼙⁷˯䘬㱽⇯炻妶
婾ˮḳ䈑䘬姀ㅞ˯␴ˮ娆婆䘬姀ㅞ˯炻恋⯙㗗⛐慵徘˪崓ΐ⯤˫䘬㤪天␴ᷣ柴炻
⼨⼨ᶵ⃵怬天慵䓛℞ᷕ䘬⫿⎍ˤ˭教嬨˪大⚳姀㱽˫㔯㛔炻徥㹗⇑䐒䩯姀ㅞ埻ᷳ
Ἦ㸸炻ᶵ暋䘤䎦⇑㮷ḇ㗗㈧两˪䌣䴎崓ΐ⯤˫ᷳ⎌℠姀ㅞ埻侴Ἦˤ
晐叿伭楔ℙ␴㓧橼䒎妋炻℔攳婾彗ˣ㺼婒䘬傥≃ᶵℵ⍿⇘慵夾炻姀ㅞ埻䘬≇
傥ḇ晐ᷳ䓊䓇Ḯ岒⿏嬲⊾ˤ忚ℍᷕ⎌㗪㛇炻䴻昊⒚⬠⮯姀ㅞ埻䓙⍇㛔ˬᾖ录⬠˭
柀➇⺽ℍˬΐ䎮⬠˭䭬䔯ˤ味冒⋩Ḵᶾ䲨ẍ⼴炻大⠆伭䘬˪婾䘤㖶˫(De inventione)
␴˪䌣䴎崓ΐ⯤˫Ḵ侭䴻ⷠ塓䚠㍸᷎婾炻⇵侭塓䧙䁢ˬ䫔ᶨ悐ᾖ录˭炻侴⼴侭⇯
塓䧙䁢ˬ䫔Ḵ悐ᾖ录˭
ˤ䴻昊⒚⬠㳦⺽䓐˪婾䘤㖶˫䘬婒㱽炻⮯挃拲姀ㅞ㈨ⶏ夾
䁢ˬ⮑ヶ˭(prudence)伶⽟䘬ᶨ悐ấ炻姀ㅞ埻徸㻠塓岎Ḱ忻⽟ᾖ梲䘬≇傥炻ᾉ⼺
婎嬨俾䴻㓭ḳ㗪炻啱䓙⮰㲐≃ˣ゛⁷≃⮯˪俾䴻˫䘬Ṣ䈑ḳ帇所⇣⛐儎㴟ᷕ炻᷎
ᶼᶵ㕟啱䓙満䥙Ḱẍ㍸⍾炻⤪⎴奒幓䴻㬟俞䧴⍿暋埴嶉炻ẍ㬌ἄ䁢䱦䤆ᾖ䶜䘬㕡
㱽ˤ俞䧴㚫∝䩳侭ὅ䲵䇝炽伭侨㉱(Ignatius de Loyola, 1491-1556)ᷳ˪䤆㑵˫
(Spiritual Exercises)炻⌛㗗⺽⮶ᾉ⼺啱䓙満゛俞䧴䓇⸛炻橼㚫俞䧴忻ㆸ倱幓䘬䴻
㬟炻啱ẍ㍸㖯ᾳṢ䘬曰⿏炻⽆侴枮㚵ˣ思埴ᶲⷅ㖐シˤ㒂㬌ㆾ⎗㍐婾炻⇑䐒䩯ᷳ
㇨ẍ䅇䦼姀ㅞᷳ埻炻ᶵ㗗徥㯪忶䚖ᶵ⾀ᷳ⮎䓐≇傥炻㚜㚱℞䱦䤆ᾖ䶜ᷳ㶙Ⰼ䚖
䘬ˤ
军㔯喅⽑冰㗪㛇炻䓙㕤⌘⇟埻䘬冰崟炻ṢᾹ徸㻠佺ㄋ⮯妲〗ᾅ⬀⛐䳁㛔㔯䌣
ᶲ炻农ἧ姀ㅞ埻䘬⮎晃㓰䓐㖍䙲怆㷃炻ᶼ⛐Ṣ㔯ᷣ佑䘬㔁做ᷕ徸㻠⺷⽖ˤ䃞侴炻
姀ㅞ埻᷎㛒⚈㬌侴㴰倚⋧嶉炻侴㗗廱⎹冯㕘㝷㉱⚾ᷣ佑䳸⎰炻嚣嬲ㆸ℟㚱櫼㱽刚
⼑䘬䤆䦀ᷳ埻ˤ⋩ᶱᶾ䲨㗪炻㕡㾇㚫ᾖ⢓㉱呁炽䚏䇦(Raymond Lull, 1235-1315)炻
⇍↢⽫塩⛘圵ℍ䋞⣒⌉⶜㉱(Kabbalah)䤆䦀⒚⬠炻∝忈↢㕘⼊ン䘬姀ㅞ埻——䚏
䇦䳬⎰喅埻炻ẍẋ㔠䫎嘇⍾ẋ㕘⣯䓇≽䘬⼙⁷炻ẍ⣂Ⰼ⺷䘬廱廒∝忈↢ᶵ⎴䘬䳬
⎰䨢攻炻⽆侴⺢㥳↢ᶨ⣿㔠ỵ⊾ˣ㉥尉⊾䘬姀ㅞ䲣䴙ˤ⋩ℕᶾ䲨㗪炻忻㖶㚫ᾖ⢓
ⶫ欗媦(Giordano Bruno, 1548-1600)圵⎰⎌℠姀ㅞ埻冯䚏䇦ᷳ埻炻⮯㕘⣯シ尉㓦伖
⛐䳬⎰⺷廱廒ᶲ炻攳⯽↢⎎ᶨ䧖⼊ン䘬姀ㅞ䲣䴙炻姀ㅞ埻⍰㚱ᶨ䔒ẍ⼨ᶵ⎴䘬㧋
尴ˤ冯⎴㗪㛇㫸㳚㳩埴䘬姀ㅞ埻䚠㭼炻⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫栗⼿庫䁢㊀嫡ᾅ⬰炻
䚜㍍㈧两⎌℠姀ㅞ埻䘬ᾖ录⬠⁛䴙侴Ἦ炻᷎㛒㱦㝻忶⣂䘬䌬䦀⿅゛刚⼑炻忁ㆾ姙

57
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厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

冯⇑䐒䩯㇨⍿䘬䤆⬠㔁做㚱斄炻9Ữḇ㚱⎗傥㗗侫慷⇘嬨侭䛦炷ᷕ⚳⢓Ṣ炸䘬㔯
⊾側㘗ˤ

3.2˪大⚳姀㱽˫䘬ㆸ㚠忶䦳
˪大⚳姀㱽˫⇅㑘㕤叔㙮Ḵ⋩ᶱ⸜炷1595炸炻⼴䴻俞䧴㚫⢓檀ᶨ⽿(Alfonso
Vagnoni, 1568-1640)冯䔊㕡㾇(Francesco Sambiasi,1582-1649)Ḱẍ⇒㼌ˤ㛙溶㽋
˨˪姀㱽˫⸷˩㍷徘㚘烉

ϞϺΠคό‫ޕ‬ԖՋੀճӃғ‫خ‬ǴѦР৪Б‫ݍ‬Ԗ‫܌‬ᙒӃғოύᇞϓǺ
ȨӃғ‫ܭ‬
Ϥ࿶΋ၸҞǴૈᕵᐉᜬॹङᇝǶȩⳍ҂჋όᲅฅ౦ϐǶѦРВǺ
ȨϻԖа௤
ϐΨǶ‫ځ‬ਜΦӧ߾ဃଯӃғ℉ύǶฅрճӃғଽᅟ૛ബǴ҂ܰΑΑǴଯӃ
炷㛙䵕拂 2001:168炸
ғӆࣁմዎϐǶȩ

㟡㒂䰛⯤⯤˪⇑䐒䩯—沛↘敋˫炷2012炸䘬侫嫱炻˪大⚳姀㱽˫᷎朆⇑䐒䩯
冐㗪勱㑘炻㬌㚠ᷳ⸽㛔㗗⇑䐒䩯䁢⎴䨿⤥⍳⶜大⤏ᷫẲ(P. L. Passionei)侴䶐⮓䘬
ˤ1597 ⸜炻⇑䐒䩯⛐⮓䴎⶜大⤏ᷫẲ䤆䇞䘬㚠ᾉᷕ炻Ṏ㍸⍲㬌ḳ烉
˪姀ㅞ㱽㤪天˫

೭္Ԗᖳ‫ق‬Ǵаࣁ‫ך‬೯૶ᏫೌǴԜࣁύ୯Γࢂҹߚதཥ‫ޑڻ‬٣ǴӢࣁࠄܱ
ࣁ࣪཮ǴЎ॥ཱུ౰ǴӢԜࡐӭΓჹԜೌགᑫ፪Ƕ‫܌‬а‫ך‬೏ॐ‫ע‬Ƞ૶‫ݤ‬ȡ΋
ਜᙌ᝿ࣁύЎǴ೭ҁਜᗋࢂ᝘๏ா‫ޑ‬Ǵচዺ‫ך‬΋‫ߥޔ‬Ӹӧ‫يך‬ᜐǶ᝿ִǴ
Ӄଌ๏ഌْኟǴ๏д‫ޑ‬ΟՏ‫ٽ‬η᎙᠐Ǵдॺ൩‫ک‬Рᒃ΋ଆՐӧْኟϦᓔ္Ǵ
ْኟჹԜਜΜϩ‫ݒ‬፞ǶࡕٰΞٰΑ೚ӭΓाԜਜ᎙᠐Ǵՠ٠ߚ‫ঁ؂‬Γ೿ૈ
٬Ҕ‫ځ‬ύ‫ޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬ǶȐճᅦᝠ 1597 ԃ 9 Д 9 ВȤठነቺયǷЃՋ༫ΏҲઓР
ਜȥǴȠճᅦᝠਜߞ໣ȡȐ΢ȑȑ炷⇑䐒䩯 1986:242炸

䃞侴炻˪大⚳姀㱽˫㖊㗗Ἦ冒大㕡㔯⊾䘬凞Ἦ⑩炻䁢Ḯ㕡ὧᷕ⚳Ṣ䎮妋冯ἧ
䓐炻⇑䐒䩯⛐廱嬗䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻⊊⽭⼿枮ㅱᷕ⚳Ṣ䘬⿅䵕㧉⺷Ḱẍ墄⃭ˣ婧㔜ˤ㒂

9
⎚㘗怟炷2007:17炸徥㹗⇑䐒䩯姀ㅞ埻Ἦ㸸烉 ˬ忁ṃ㈨傥炻悥㗗Ṿ⛐伭楔俞䧴㚫⬠昊(Jesuix
College)㇨⬠䘬ᾖ录⬠␴ΐ䎮⬠婚䦳䘬➢㛔ℏ⭡ˤ⇑䐒䩯㚨㖑㍍妠姀ㅞ⭖㭧炻ㆾ姙㗗
⍿Ḯ⬠侭喯䐆剅(Cypriano Soarez)䘬┇徒ˤ喯䐆剅㑘⮓䘬婾徘ᾖ录⬠冯婆㱽⬠➢䢶䘬
㔁䥹㚠炼˪ᾖ录⬠䘬喅埻˫(De Arte Rhtorica)炻⛐ 1570 ⸜ẋ㗗俞䧴㚫⬠䓇Ᾱ⽭嬨䘬㔁
㛸ˤ˭㬌⢾炻䰛⯤⯤炷2012:36炸墄⃭婒㖶烉ˬ姀ㅞᷳ⭖䘬䎮⾝ḇ⎗傥⍿⇘Ḯ⺿㚿↯㕗
䥹炽㼀⯤⌉伭㉱(Francesco Panigarola)䘬┇䘤炻Ṿ冯⇑䐒䩯⎴漉炻㗗ᶨỵ叿⎵䘬㕡㾇⎬
㚫㔁⢓炻℞叿ἄ˪婾姀ㅞ˫䎦㓞啷㕤楔↯㉱⟼ⶪ䩳⚾㚠棐ˤ䔞䃞炻ḇᶵ㌺昌⇑䐒䩯㚦
䴻ῇ揹忶˪Ṣ忈姀ㅞ⹓˫ㆾ˪《⽑ˣ≈⻟ˣᾅ⬀姀ㅞ埻˫ˤ˭

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 䩳尉姀⫿ȹ⽆˪大⚳姀㱽˫婾⇑䐒䩯䘬㻊⫿⬠佺䫾䔍ġ

㬌炻Ṏ⎗ẍ㍐㕟炻檀ᶨ⽿ˣ䔊㕡㾇ḴṢḰẍ⇒㼌炻ㅱ䔞ḇ㗗ẍ嬻㬌㚠傥㚜層役ᷕ
⚳Ṣ䘬⿅䵕㧉⺷冯ἧ䓐佺ㄋ䁢ᾖ妪䚖㧁ˤ
⛐˪大⚳姀㱽˫ᷕ炻⇑䐒䩯斉徘大㕡⎌℠姀ㅞ埻ᷳ天始炻᷎ẍᾳṢ⬠佺㻊⫿
䘬橼槿ἄ䁢ἳ嫱炻娛䳘婒㖶姀ㅞ埻ᷳ奨⾝ˣ㕡㱽ˣ㑵ἄ㬍樇炻ㆾ䓐ẍ䈊姀㻊⫿ᷳ
⼊橼冯嬨枛炻ㆾ䓐ẍ側婎䴻℠䪈⎍冯℠㓭⎚⮎ˤℐ㚠ℏ⭡ℙ↮䁢ℕ䭯炻勚⮯⎬䭯
ᷳℏ⭡⣏天㡅↿⤪ᶳ烉

1.!চҁǺှញ૶Ꮻϐ‫܌‬ՖӧǴᇥܴࣁՖΓϐ૶ᏫԖӭჲΦኩϐ฻ৡǶ!
2.!ܴҔǺፕॊ૶‫ݤ‬ϐਥҁा೘Ϸ‫ځ‬җٰǴ٠ᇥܴ٬Ҕ૶‫ޑݤ‬፾྽ਔᐒǶ!
3.!೛ՏǺᇥܴೀ‫܌‬ȐЈ౛‫ޜ‬໔ȑԖελǵ຀ჴϐϩǴᔈаԖ‫ׇ‬ǵᛙִࣁ΢Ǵ
చӈ‫ؼ‬ӳೀ‫܌‬ᔈ྽‫ڀ‬ഢ‫ޑ‬చҹǶ!
4.!ҥຝǺᆶ໺಍ЎӷᏢϐȨϤਜȩ࣬ჹКǴᖐ‫ٯ‬ᇥܴӵՖᙖҗόӕЈ౛ബ
೷ཥ‫ڻ‬ཀຝǴаϷӵՖஒόӕཀຝԋӝᅇӷǶ!
5.!‫ۓ‬᛽ǺᇥܴӵՖаȨ೴ӷҥຝȩǵȨᑼ཮ཀԑȩ‫ޑ‬БԄǴബ೷ፄᚇ‫ޑ‬ཀຝ
ٰ૶Ꮻၨߏϐകѡǵ‫܈ࡺڂ‬ўჴǴ٠ᇥܴҥຝᔈ྽ᒥӺϐाᗺǶ!
6. ቶၗǺӈᖐϺЎǵӦ౛ǵਔзǵϺυǵΓ٣ǵᏔ‫ނ‬ϐຒᇟ 120 ‫ٯ‬Ǵ೴΋
৖Ң‫܌ځ‬೛ҥϐཀຝǴ‫ٮ‬բ٬Ҕ‫ޣ‬ϐୖԵǶ!

姀ㅞ㗗䞍嬀⬠⓷ᷳ㟡㛔炻⎌Ṳᷕ⢾ᷳṢ⎬冒䘤⯽↢ᶵ⎴䘬≑姀ᷳ埻ˤᷕ⚳Ṣ
佺ㄋẍ㫴始Ἦ⋼≑姀ㅞ炻㓭㬟ẋ䪍呁嬨䈑⣂ẍ㫴嫈枣婆䘬⼊⺷䶐⮓炻℞䚖䘬⛐㕤
德忶㫴ⓙ⏇娈ᷳ枣⼳徜㕳炻啱䓙慵䔲⍵⽑ㇳ㭝Ἦ⻟⊾⌘尉ˤ䚠庫ᷳᶳ炻
˪大⚳姀
㱽˫㇨⁛㌰ᷳ姀ㅞ埻炻崭僓ᷕ⚳⢓Ṣ䘬娵䞍炻䈡⇍㗗⻟婧ˬ姕ỵ˭
ˣˬ䩳尉˭ᷳ㬍
樇炻㚜㖻ẌṢデ⇘䔹べᶵ妋ˣ暋ẍ㌴㎉ˤ㗗ẍ炻䷙ἧ˪大⚳姀㱽˫ㆾ㚦䞕㙓⛘⏠
⺽⤥⣯䘬䚖⃱炻Ữ㔯Ṣ⬠⢓⣂⎒夾ᷳ䁢晽垚⮷㈨炻㖊䃉䙲㕤⽫⿏ᾖ梲炻Ṏ䃉斄᷶
⚳妰㮹䓇炻㓭㬌㚠⥳䳪㛒傥⛐ᷕ⚳⺋㲃㳩⁛炻10䓂军塓⍵㔁Ṣ⢓㕍屔䁢䃉䧥ᷳ婯ˣ
ᶵ⿍ᷳ⊁炻⤪㖶㛓㛶䌳⹕˨娭恒栗㒂抬˩
烉ˬ军⤪姀↥炷⏓炸ᶨẞ炻℞惁⣟ᶵ⯹ㆹ
廑炻㚜卓㬌䁢⣏ˤ⣓⣑䓇倘㖶炻⮯冒ㆹἄ⎌炻⌛ᶨ䚖⋩埴炻ᶨ奥䃉怢炻ỽẋ䃉ᷳ烎
ᷫ㈀⎵Ὰ姀側婎炻㖊ἧᶳヂᷳ⣓ⶴ℞㌟炻⌛ᷕㇵᷳ⢓娵䁢䛇炻⬘䞍㬌叔叔䃉㚱ᷳ
䎮炻⮎⮎ẍ倦倝⼭Ṣ炻⊧婾ᶵ⼿ˤ䷙ἧᶨ㖎⼿ᷳ炻侴䪈⎍婎婒ᷳ⬠炻ỽ䙲㕤⽫妋


10
䁢ỽ˪大⚳姀㱽˫㛒傥㘖念㳩⁛烎䌳⧽炷2007炸⮵㬌⓷柴㚱庫⣂䘬婾徘炻婳冒埴⍫䚳ˤ

59
59
厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

≃埴炻䞏℞ᶵ䃞ḇˤ˭11

4.ᆃᒯ᫓ᩚᛈᆄᛵᩚ⍏ᛈᝢℚ⍝ᓆ፵ᑨ
幓橼デ⭀ᶵ㗪㍍㓞⢾䓴㇨⁛ℍ䘬⎬䧖妲〗炻忁ṃ⣂⃫妲〗劍㛒䴻⣏儎娵䞍
≈ⶍ炻⥍┬⛘Ḱẍ彐嬀ˣ䶐䡤ˣ⃚⬀炻ὧ⎒傥䞕㙓楸䔁⛐㶢Ⰼ姀ㅞᷕ炻⤪忶⼨暚
䄁ˣ䦵䷙⌛必炻䃉㱽忚ℍ攟㛇姀ㅞ䲣䴙ㆸ䁢㖍⼴⎗㩊䳊䘬䨑⚢妲〗ˤ姀ㅞ䚳Ụ䯉
╖炻⮎⇯㤝䁢墯暄炻䨞䪇⣏儎⤪ỽ彐嬀ˣ䶐䡤ˣ⃚⬀烎⤪ỽ⼊ㆸ⿮ᷭ姀ㅞ烎⍰䁢
ỽ㚫䓊䓇怢⾀␊烎⽆⎌军Ṳ炻忁ṃ⓷柴⥳䳪㗗ṢᾹ゛天䟜妋䘬媶⛀ˤ

4.1 姀⏓ᷳ㇨ȹ⣏儎㗗姀ㅞᷕ㧆
ㆹᾹ䘬姀ㅞ⃚啷⛐ỽ嗽␊烎⒒ᾳ☐⭀ᷣ㌴⿅䵕烎⎌ẋᷕ⚳Ṣ㚦ẍ䁢ˬ⽫˭
㗗⿅䵕☐⭀炻㓭⬇⫸ḹ烉
ˬ俛䚖ᷳ⭀ᶵ⿅炻侴哥㕤䈑炻䈑Ṍ䈑炻⇯⺽ᷳ侴⶚䞋ˤ
⽫ᷳ⭀⇯⿅炻⿅⇯⼿ᷳ炻ᶵ⿅⇯ᶵ⼿ḇˤ˭
炷夳˪⬇⫸炽⏲⫸炷ᶲ炸
˫炸ˤ⇑䐒䩯˪大
⚳姀㱽˫⺽ℍ大㕡妋⇾慓⬠䞍嬀炻㶭㤂娵嬀⇘⣏儎ㇵ㗗嗽䎮デ⭀妲〗䘬ᷕ㧆炻ḹ烉
ˬ૶֖Ԗ‫܌‬Ǵӧတ៶ǴᇂᢅᓒӟǴܾମΠǴࣁ૶֖ϐ࠻Ƕ˭䃞⇯炻劍㚜忚ᶨ㬍徥
⓷烉⣏儎䁢ỽ傥⣈⃚⬀妲〗␊烎⇑䐒䩯㍉䲵Ḯ⎌ⶴ冀⒚Ṣ䘬婾溆炻ẍˬ埇㜧˭ἄ
䁢晙╣炻12斉慳姀ㅞ䓇ㆸᷳℏ⛐㨇⇞炻娵䁢烉ṢᾹᷳ㇨ẍ傥⮯⎬䧖デ⭀妲〗䨑⥍
⛘㓞啷⛐⣏儎ᷕ炻⯙⤪⎴⌘䪈⚾㟰傥塓㶭㘘⛘㌢⌘⛐埇㜧ᶲ炻
ˬ埇㜧˭
炷⣏儎炸⑩
岒㰢⭂Ḯ姀ㅞ傥≃⃒ᷳ≋列䩛ˤ➢㕤㬌䧖`姕炻⎬Ṣᷳ姀ㅞ傥≃ㆾ晐⸜漉ˣ⣑岎ˣ
梚梇Ǿ䫱嬲㔠炻侴㚱暋㖻ˣ⣂⮉ˣᷭ㙓ᷳⶖ⇍炻ᷫ㗗⚈䁢ˬ埇㜧˭
炷⣏儎炸岒⛘
䓊䓇嬲䔘㇨农ˤ⇑䐒䩯妋慳⣏儎冯姀ㅞ≃䘬斄倗炻ḹ烉

Γϐ૶֖ǴԖᜤǴԖܰǴԖӭǴԖჲǴԖΦǴԖኩǴՖࡺǻᇂΥ૶᛽ǴѸ
ԾҞԸαሷѤᡏԶΕǶ྽‫ځ‬ΕΨǴ‫ނ‬ѸԖ‫ނ‬ϐຝǴ٣ѸԖ٣ϐຝǴ֡՟а
ӑӑတǶ‫ځ‬တখࢋள‫ە‬Ǵᙦዎֹ‫ى‬Ǵ߾‫ڙ‬ӑుԶܴǴᙒຝӭԶΦǶ‫ځ‬တϸ
ࢂ‫ޣ‬Ǵ‫૶ځ‬ҭϸࢂǶ)ȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿচҁጇȡ*炷㛙䵕拂 2001:143炸


11
㛶䌳⹕䁢㖶㛓⍵㔁Ṣ⢓炻㑘㚱˨娭恒栗㒂抬˩ᶨ㔯炻⼴䁢⼸㖴㱣㓞抬㕤˪俾㛅䟜恒普˫
⌟ℕˤ㛔㔯廱⺽冒㸗攳⺢炷2017:324炸 ˤ
12
⮯Ṣ儎姀ㅞ≃㭼╣䁢⎗ὃ㚠⮓ㆾ⌘姀䘬ˬ埇㜧˭炻⎗徥㹗㝷㉱⚾˪䈡❫㲘⚾㕗˫
(Theaetetus)ˣṆ慴㕗⣂⽟˪婾姀ㅞ冯⚆ㅞ˫(De mmorica et reminiscentia)炻㬌⼴ㆸ䁢
⎌℠姀ㅞ埻婾叿㘖念ἧ䓐䘬䴻℠晙╣ˤ婳⍫教㜄⦩炽⽟㉱❫㕗楔炷2009炸䫔Ḵ䪈ˬ姀
ㅞ⤪㚠⮓˭ ˤ

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 䩳尉姀⫿ȹ⽆˪大⚳姀㱽˫婾⇑䐒䩯䘬㻊⫿⬠佺䫾䔍ġ

㗪攻㗗姀ㅞ䘬㨉䙖㒎炻姀ㅞ䕽嶉忂ⷠ冯㗪攻嶐⹎ㆸ⍵㭼炻天゛䧵㤝⻟⊾姀ㅞ炻
⽭⼿⿅侫⤪ỽ㴰㤝⛘性⃵怢⾀ˤ⣏儎劍⤪埇㜧炻娚⤪ỽ㚱㓰⻟⊾姀ㅞ䘬⇣䕽␊烎
㗗⏎䛇傥忶䚖ᶵ⾀ˣᾺ側⤪㳩␊烎ὅ䄏䎦ẋ娵䞍⽫䎮⬠䘬奨溆炻ˬ怢⾀˭᷎朆⃰
⇵⃚⬀䘬妲〗ㄹ䨢㴰⣙炻侴㗗妲〗ὅ䃞䋞⛐炻Ữ⌣⚈⣙⍣忋䳸侴䃉㱽枮⇑⛘㩊䳊ˣ
㍸⍾ˤ忁⯙⤥㭼ᶨ㛔㕘㚠㛒䴻⥍┬䶐䡤ˣ㌺⸷炻⯙塓晐シ㓦ℍ㺧⯳㚠➮ᷕ炻䷙䃞
ㆹᾹ䞍忻㚠㛔⯙⛐⯳ℏ炻⌣䃉㱽枮⇑㈦⇘ˤ䓙㬌⎗䞍炻⣏儎晾⎗⃚⬀䛦⣂妲〗炻
Ữ⃚⬀㗪劍㗗㻓ᶵ䴻⽫ˣ㔋Ḫ䃉⸷炻㖍⼴゛天㍸⍾妲〗㗪炻ὧ⤪⎴⣏㴟㐰憅ᶨ凔
䃉⽆㩊䳊ˤ
⣏儎⤪ỽ䳬䷼妲〗烎゛天㚱㓰㍸⋯姀ㅞ傥≃炻⊊⽭⼿⃰慸㶭㬌ᶨ⓷柴ˤ㟡㒂
䔞ẋ娵䞍⽫䎮⬠䘬䞼䨞炻Ṣ儎⃚⬀妲〗㕡⺷冯暣儎炷妰䬿㨇炸ᶵ⎴烉13暣儎䘬忳
䬿㗗䓙ᷕ⣖嗽䎮☐㍏⇞炻ẍ䶂⿏ˣᷚ埴㕡⺷忚埴妲〗⁛廠炻⚈妲〗㚱䈡⭂䘬⃚⬀
ỵ⛨炻⎗ẍ⽒叿⚢⭂嶗⼹䱦㸾㩊䳊烊Ṣ儎⇯㗗䓙䤆䴻⃫䚠Ḻ忋䳸侴⼊ㆸ䘬⁛廠䵚
䴉炻ẍ朆䶂⿏ˣ⸞埴㕡⺷⎴㬍忳ἄ炻䓙㕤妲〗㗗↮ⶫ⺷⃚⬀䘬炻ᶵ⬀⛐䈡⭂ˣ╖
ᶨ䘬⃚⬀ỵ⛨炻Ữ⼨⼨⎒天Ḱẍ⯨悐⇢㽨炻ὧ⎗㽨㳣㔜橼䵚嶗炻倗゛崟⃰⇵㇨⃚
⬀䘬妲〗ˤ㜄⦩炽⽟㉱❫㕗楔炷2009:187炸ẍˬ⻰⣷㦪㚚˭䁢晙╣炻⮵㭼Ṣ儎冯
暣儎⛐䳬䷼妲〗ᶲ䘬ⶖ⇍炻ḹ烉
ˬṢ栆姀ㅞ㗗䓙㯋␛ˣねデˣ忳≽ˣ倚枛ˣデ䞍
䫱⎴㬍斄倗㥳ㆸ䘬㋗≽䵚䴉炻侴ᶵ㗗㊱ˮ⇢㽨—⃚⬀—ℵ䎦˯㧉⺷忚埴䘬䶂⿏䲣
䴙ˤ妰䬿㨇⻰⣷㦪㚚炻㭷㫉⎒傥⻰ᶨᾳ挝炻⃀䭉⻰⼿忇⹎⣯⾓炻侴Ṣ栆姀ㅞ⛐⻰
⣷㗪⌣㗗⎴㬍㑍≽㇨㚱䏜⻎ˤ˭
㖊䃞儎ᷕ妲〗㗗↮ⶫ⺷⃚⬀炻⤪ỽㇵ傥⻟⊾㩊䳊㓰㝄␊烎䁢Ḯ㕡ὧ妲〗䘬㍸
⍾炻⽭枰⛐妲〗䶐䡤㗪柵⢾㶣≈㚜⣂䘬側㘗妲〗炻⤪⎴⛐憋䪧ᶲ⣂≈Ḯ⸦ᾳ戌⫸炻
㚜⭡㖻⽆儎㴟ᷕ⊦⺽↢⃰⇵㇨⃚⬀䘬妲〗炻⌛⤪ⶫ㚿炷2018:122炸㇨妨烉ˬ姀ㅞ
␴察㫴䘬ᶨ䧖㏄⮳䬿㱽㚱ṃ䚠Ụ炻⬠⇘䘬㜙大␴⶚䞍䘬㜙大ᷳ攻倗专崲⣂炻⮵ᶨ
㭝姀ㅞἄ崲⣂斄倗炻Ἀ⯙㚫㑩㚱崲⣂シ嬀ᶲ䘬䶂䳊炻㕡ὧṲ⼴㞍㈦᷎㩊䳊忁㭝姀
ㅞˤ˭⃀䭉⎌ⶴ冀ᾖ录⬠⭞⯂䃉㱽䡢↯䎮妋⣏儎䘬忳ἄ㨇⇞炻Ữ⌣傥⽆⮎晃䘬㺼
婒䴻槿ᷕ炻攳䘤↢ἧ姀ㅞ㚜≈䈊⮎䨑⚢ˣ㖻㕤㩊䳊䘬㕡㱽炻⌛˪大⚳姀㱽˫㇨姀
抬䘬ℑ⣏姀ㅞ㱽⇯—ˬ姕ỵ˭冯ˬ䩳尉˭ˤ


13
斄㕤Ṣ儎冯妰䬿㨇⛐妲〗嗽䎮ᶲ㚱ỽ䳘悐ⶖ䔘炻婳⍫夳㜄⦩炽⽟㉱❫㕗楔炷2009炸䫔
ᶫ䪈ˬℐ〗姀ㅞ˭ ˤ

61
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厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

4.2 姀ㅞ㱽⇯ȹ姕ỵ冯䩳尉
⤪⇵㇨徘炻゛天⃒⊾姀ㅞ傥≃炻⽭枰嬻⣏儎傥⣈㚱⸷⃚⬀ˣ㖻㕤㩊䳊ˤ⚈㬌炻
⛐⃚⬀妲〗㗪炻⼿⃰Ḱẍ⥍┬䶐䡤炻ᶨ⇯嬻妲〗⃚⬀ỵ⛨ḽ䃞㚱⸷ˣᶵ䚠暄⹩炻
ᶨ⇯㶣≈側㘗妲〗炻嬻妲〗㛔幓嬲⼿㚜℟橼⎗デˣ䓇≽歖㳣炻℟㚱⭡㖻㽨㳣ˣ倗
゛ᷳ湷叿≃炻ᶼ傥冯㖊㚱䘬㤪⾝㟮㝞䚠Ḻ戌忋ˤ⤪㬌ᶨἮ炻⼭㖍⼴⚆ㅞ㗪炻ὧ⎗
德忶⣂⃫䶂䳊⊦⺽ᷚ忋ˣ㍊岦䳊晙炻⽆勓勓儎㴟ᷕ彭忇ˣ䱦㸾⛘㩊䳊⇘⃰⇵⃚⬀
䘬妲〗炻橼㚫⇘ˬ⭪䃞ↅㄖ炻⿅㍍⋫庱烊〬䂱≽⭡炻夾忂叔慴˭
炷∱⊘˪㔯⽫晽
漵炽䤆⿅˫
炸䘬⥁嵋ˤ
⎌℠姀ㅞ埻⤪ỽ⛐䶐䡤㗪㶣≈側㘗妲〗烎斄挝㕡㱽㚱Ḵ烉ᶨ㗗ˬ姕ỵ˭炻ᶨ
ˤIJĵ⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫ẍˬ㬎˭
㗗ˬ䩳尉˭ ˣˬ天˭
ˣˬ⇑˭
ˣˬ⤥˭⚃⫿䁢ἳ炻斉徘
ˬ姕ỵ˭冯ˬ䩳尉˭ᷳ➢㛔㑵ἄ㕡⺷烉

ΥᏢ૶‫ݤ‬Ǵ໪аҁ‫ނ‬ϐຝϷҁ٣ϐຝǴԛಃӼႥ‫ܭ‬Ӛೀ‫܌‬Ǵࡺᒏϐຝ૶‫ݤ‬
ΨǶଷӵ૶Ȩ‫ݓ‬ȩǵȨाȩǵȨճȩǵȨӳȩѤӷǴΏᓨ࿼΋࠻Ǵ࠻ԖѤ໛Ǵࣁ
ӼႥϐ‫܌‬Ǵࠅаܿࠄ໛ࣁಃ΋‫܌‬Ǵܿч໛ࣁಃΒ‫܌‬ǴՋч໛ࣁಃΟ‫܌‬ǴՋ
ࠄ໛ࣁಃѤ‫܌‬ǶջаȨ‫ݓ‬ȩӷǴ‫߿ڗ‬γԈܺǴ୺ЉటରǴԶ΋Γ‫ף‬๙аЗ
ϐϐຝǴӝࣁȨ‫ݓ‬ȩӷǴӼႥ‫ࠄܿܭ‬໛ǶаȨाȩӷǴ‫ڗ‬Ջহӣӣζηϐ
ຝǴӝࣁȨाȩӷǴӼႥ‫ܿܭ‬ч໛ǶаȨճȩӷǴ‫ڗ‬΋ၭϻ୺៑ΘǴӛҖ
໔പңϐຝǴӝࣁȨճȩӷǴӼႥՋч໛ǶаȨӳȩӷǴ‫ڗ‬΋ΣᓞζηǴ
‫ܤ‬΋ᓻ‫ٽ‬ᔍऑϐຝǴӝࣁȨӳȩӷǴӼႥՋࠄ໛ǶѤӷࡽӼႥѤ‫܌‬Ǵࡕట
૶ᏫǴ߾ᓨ‫࠻ځۺ‬,ϷӚ໛Զ൨ϐǴԾள‫ځ‬ຝǴӢຝԶᏫ‫ځ‬ӷ‫خ‬ǶԜᇂЈ૶
‫ݤ‬ϐε೿ΨǶ(ȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬炽ܴҔጇȡ)Ȑ㛙䵕拂 2001:146ȑǶ

奨⮇ᶲ徘⇑䐒䩯㇨冱䘬℟橼䣢ἳ炻姀ㅞ埻ᷳ㑵ἄ㕡⺷㉮妋ㆸℑ⣏㬍樇ȹˬ姕
ỵ˭冯ˬ䩳尉˭ˤ℞ᷕˬ䩳尉˭ᶨ枭⯌䁢斄挝炻⍰⎗ὅ䄏⽫䎮忳ἄ忶䦳䳘↮䁢⚃
昶㭝烉妋㥳ɦ倗゛ɦ⚾⁷⊾ɦ≽ン⊾ˤ⤪⚾ 1 ㇨䣢烉ġ


14
⎌℠姀ㅞ埻ẍˬ嗽㇨˭(loci)␴ˬシ尉˭(imagines)ἄ䁢⻟⊾姀ㅞ≃䘬ⶍ℟炻⮯姀ㅞ䘬
喅埻栆㭼䁢ℏ⛐䘬㚠⮓埴䁢ˤ⤪⎴˪䌣䴎崓ΐ⯤˫ᷕ㇨徘烉 ˬ姀ㅞ⟜㇨⼰⁷㚠⮓䓐䘬
埇㜧ㆾ匶勱䳁炻⼙⁷⯙⁷⫿㭵炻⼙⁷䘬⬱伖冯㫉⸷⯙⁷ㇳ䧧炻ㄹ姀ㅞ徘婒⯙⁷婎嬨ㇳ
䧧ˤ˭炷夳叱勚 2007:19炸

62
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 䩳尉姀⫿ȹ⽆˪大⚳姀㱽˫婾⇑䐒䩯䘬㻊⫿⬠佺䫾䔍ġ

! ೛Տɡ࿼Ј౛‫ޜ‬໔Ȑӵ΋࠻ϐѤ໛ȑǴբࣁ٩‫ׇ‬Ӽ࿼ཀຝϐೀ‫܌‬Ƕ

         1. ှᄬǺӃஒ‫ܜ‬ຝ‫ޑ‬ᅇӷ಄ဦϒа‫ܨ‬ှ

         2. ᖄགྷǺ൩ᅇӷ‫׎‬ᡏȐ᏾ӷʏ೽ҹʏ฽ฝȑᖄགྷ‫ڀ‬ᡏёགϐ
ҥຝ
         3. კႽϯǺ፟ϒཥ‫ޑ‬ᄬ‫׎‬౛ᏵǴஒ‫ܜ‬ຝ಄ဦკႽϯ

         4. ୏ᄊϯǺᚐѦబуङඳૻ৲Ǵ٬ᓉᄊკႽ‫ڀ‬Ԗ୏ᄊག
⚾ 1烉姕ỵ䩳尉ᷳ⽫䎮忳ἄ忶䦳ġ

㟡㒂ẍᶲ㑵ἄ㕡⺷炻⎗⮯ˬ㬎˭
ˣˬ天˭
ˣˬ⇑˭
ˣˬ⤥˭⚃⫿ᷳ慵㕘䶐䡤忶䦳妋
㜸⤪⤪堐 1烉ġ

堐 1烉ˬ㬎˭
ˣˬ天˭
ˣˬ⇑˭
ˣˬ⤥˭ᷳ⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤ġ

 ೛Տ ှᄬ ᖄགྷ კႽϯ ୏ᄊϯ

߿γԈܺ୺ЉǴ ୺ЉటରǴ
‫ݓ‬ ܿࠄ໛ ЗɠЉ ଶЗʏ୺Љ
΋ΓЗϐ ‫ף‬๙Зϐ

ा ܿч໛ Ջɠζ ՋБʏζη Ջহӣӣζη 

΋ၭϻ୺៑ΘǴ
ճ Ջч໛ ңɠ䞧 ዿңʏΘപ 
ӛҖ໔പң

΋Σᓞζη
ӳ Ջࠄ໛ ζɠη ζηʏᓻ‫ٽ‬ ᔍऑ
‫ܤ‬΋ᓻ‫ٽ‬
姣烉⚾⁷⊾ˣ≽ン⊾ᷳ攻䘬䓴旸㧉䱲炻㓭ẍ嘃䶂堐䣢

ὅ䄏⇑䐒䩯䘬姕ỵˣ䩳尉ᷳ㱽炻⎗⃰⮯ˬ㬎˭
ˣˬ天˭
ˣˬ⇑˭
ˣˬ⤥˭⚃⫿↮⇍
ẍ℟橼ˣ≽ン䘬夾奢⚾⁷Ḱẍ䶐䡤炻ℵὅ微㗪憅ᷳ⸷炻䨑⥍⛘⬱伖⛐姀ㅞ䨢攻ᷕ
䘬⚃ᾳ奺句炻⌛⤪⚾ 2 ㇨䣢烉

63
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厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

⚾ 2烉
ˬ姕ỵ˭ˣˬ䩳尉˭姀ㅞ㱽䣢ἳ

姀ㅞ埻⽭枰枮ㅱἧ䓐侭䘬忳䓐⟜➇冯䞍嬀㟮㝞侴曰㳣㑵ἄ炻℟㚱檀⹎䘬ᾳṢ
⊾刚⼑炻ᶵ⎗㊀➟⇵Ṣ䘬ἄ㱽侴ᶵ䞍嬲忂炻⌛⤪˪␐㖻炽专录˫ḹ烉
ˬᶵ⎗䁢℠
天炻ⓗ嬲㇨怑˭
ˤ⚈㬌炻
˪大⚳姀㱽˫⇵Ḽ䭯炻昌„䇦䨧㍺⮹㔠⸦ᾳ℟橼䣢ἳ炻⣏
悐↮ℏ⭡⣂⛐㕤↿冱姕ỵˣ䩳尉ᷳ➢㛔㱽⇯炻15℞䚖䘬⛐㕤ˬ⍿Ṣẍ㺩˭侴朆ˬ⍿
Ṣẍ欂˭
炻ⶴ㛃啱㬌⺽⮶⬠佺侭⛐㌴㎉➢㛔天始ᷳ⼴炻ὧ傥ˬ崭᷶尉⢾˭
炻⮯㬌埻
≈ẍ曰㳣忳䓐ˣ冒䓙䘤㎖ˤ⇑䐒䩯⛐ˬ姕ỵ˭冯ˬ䩳尉˭ᶲ㍸䣢⒒ṃㅱ䔞㲐シ䘬
䳘⇯␊烎忁ṃ㑵ἄ䳘⇯炻䁢ỽ傥㚱㓰⻟⊾姀ㅞ≃烎娎↮㜸⤪ᶳ烉

4.2.1 姕ỵ—⺢㥳㓦伖シ尉䘬⟜㇨

ˬ姕ỵ˭炻ᷫ㗗怠㑯冒幓䅇〱䘬⮎晃⟜㇨ἄ䁢⃚伖妲〗䘬⚢⭂㟮㝞炻ㆾ德忶
倗゛斊⺢↢傥⥍┬⬱㓦シ尉䘬⽫䎮䨢攻炻䃉婾䨢攻嗽㇨㗗⮎㚱ㆾ嘃㥳炻⛯⼿ẍ䶂
⿏㕡⺷ὅ⸷㌺↿炻ᾦἧ⍇㛔㔋Ḫ䃉⸷ˣ桬㴖ᶵ⭂䘬妲〗ὅ旬㕤⚢⭂㟮㝞侴嬲⼿ḽ
䃞㚱⸷炻⯌℞䔞ṢᾹ゛天徸⫿徸⎍⛘側婎攟䭯㔯䪈㗪炻忂ⷠ⼿姕⭂庫䁢墯暄⮔敲
䘬嗽㇨—姀ㅞ⭖㭧炻ẍὧ傥⮯䛦⣂妲〗徸ᶨ⥍┬⬱㓦ˤ⛐㩊䳊妲〗㗪炻⯙⼟⼧㻓
㬍⛐䅇〱䘬⟜㇨ᷳᷕ炻㖊傥枮⎹㩊夾炻ḇ傥微⎹⚆栏炻⽆侴傥⣈ᶨ⫿ᶵ㺷⛘⯽䎦

15
˪䌣䴎崓ΐ⯤˫䘬ἄ侭婾⍲姀ㅞ埻䘬㔁⮶⍇⇯炻婒忻烉 ˬ㔁⮶姀ㅞ埻䘬侩ⷓ↮ℏ娚
䘬㗗㊯⮶䳬㥳⼙⁷䘬㕡㱽炻冱⸦ᾳἳ⫸炻ℵ溻⊝⬠䓇冒⶙⍣䳬㥳⼙⁷ˤ⤪㝄天㔁⮶ˮ⺽
夳˯ 炻ᶵ傥㈲ᶨ⋫䧖⺽夳ṳ䳡㱽Ṍ䴎⬠䓇炻㔁⬠䓇㈲⬫Ᾱ側ᶳἮˤㅱ娚㈲㕡㱽㔁䴎⬠
䓇炻嬻⬠䓇冒⶙䘤㎖ˤ˭ 炷夳叱勚 2007:24炸 ˤ

64
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ˬᾺ側⤪㳩˭䘬崭ⷠ姀ㅞ≃ˤ
⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫ẍ姀婎ˬ㬎˭
ˣˬ天˭
ˣˬ⇑˭
ˣˬ⤥˭⚃⫿䁢ἳ炻⚃⫿ᷳ攻
⍇㛔㰺㚱㖶䡢䘬怷廗斄Ὢ炻῀劍㛒䴻⥍┬䶐䡤炻㗪㖍ᶨᷭ炻暋⃵姀ㅞ㧉䱲ˣ㫉⸷
ᾺḪˤ⇑䐒䩯ẍᶨ⭌ᷳ⚃昭ἄ䁢⬱㓦シ尉䘬⽫䎮䨢攻炻᷎ẍ微㗪揀㕡⎹ὅ㫉⬱㓦
⚃⫿炼ˬ㬎˭
炷㜙⋿炸ɦˬ天˭
炷㜙⊿炸ɦˬ⇑˭炷大⊿炸ɦˬ⤥˭炷大⋿炸
烊㖍⼴
⚆ㅞ㗪炻⎒枰⮰⽫満゛䅇〱ᷳ嗽㇨炻゛⁷冒⶙幓⛐嗽㇨ᷳℏ炻⎗怠㑯ảỽᶨ昭ἄ
䁢崟溆炻枮⎹炷ㆾ微⎹炸ὅ㫉㻓㬍ᶨ⚰炻⌛⎗㍸⍾↢冲㗪⃚㓦䘬妲〗ˤ䓙㬌⎗䞍炻
嗽㇨⤪⎴⚢⭂䘬⽫䎮㟮㝞炻嬻儎㴟ᷕ㳩≽ᶵ㊀ˣ⾥晙⾥䎦䘬妲〗⼿ẍ㚱㇨ὅ㈀炻
㓭怠㑯嗽㇨䔞ẍ➭⚢䨑⥍䁢⭄炻⤪⇑䐒䩯ḹ烉ˬ⣓⬱尉㕤嗽㇨炻䋞㚠⫿㕤㺮㜧ˤ
℞⫿㚱㗪㲿⍣炻侴㺮㜧䓐ᷳ䃉䩖ˤ㓭嗽㇨朆尉⎗㭼炻㚨⭄➭⚢䨑⥍ˤ䃞⼴炻⇑䳪
幓ᷳ䓐ˤ˭
炷˪大⚳姀㱽炽姕ỵ䭯˫
炸炷㛙䵕拂 2001:148-149炸
晐叿⃚㓦妲〗ᷳ䷩䯉ˣ⣂⮉炻㇨怠㑯ᷳ嗽㇨ḇ䔞㚱⣏⮷ᷳ↮ˤℵ侭炻嗽㇨ẍ
➭⚢䨑⥍䁢ᶲ炻㓭㛔ㅱ怠㑯冒幓⍇㛔䅇〱䘬嗽㇨䁢Ἓ炻Ữ劍㇨㫚⃚㓦妲〗忶㕤墯
暄炻㖊㚱䘬䎦⮎嗽㇨⿸䃉㱽⥍┬⬱伖炻㬌㗪ὧ⎗德忶⽫䎮倗゛斊⺢嘃㒔嗽㇨ˤ⇑
䐒䩯䓂军娵䁢⋲⮎⋲嘃ᷳ嗽㇨⯌䁢曰㳣䱦⥁炻ḹ烉

Υ૶‫ݤ‬Ǵ໪Ⴃ‫ۓ‬ೀ‫܌‬ǴаӼႥ‫૶܌‬ϐຝǶ……ε೿ჴԖܰǴԶ຀೛ᜤǶ຀
೛ߚфϻዕግǴόคৡѨǴՠ‫֮ځ‬Ѹ຀೛Ǵ‫זૈۈ‬Ј፾ཀǴԶъჴъ຀Ѐ
֮ϐ֮ԸǶऩа຀೛ࣁᜤǴёᒿཀკฝǴ‫ވ‬઩ӑЈǴᆶჴԖ‫ޣ‬ёคਸోǶ
ೀ‫ۓࡽ܌‬ǴࣉԾΕߐࣁ‫ۈ‬ǴൻѓԶՉǴӵᖏਜฅǴ೯߻ၲӟǴങೣᡒԛǴ
ᛥӈૅύǴаࡑ૶ႥፏຝΨǶȐȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿ೛ՏጇȡȑȐ㛙䵕拂 2001:148ȑ

㬌⢾炻ỽ䧖嗽㇨㚜㚱⇑㕤⃚㓦妲〗烎姕䩳嗽㇨炻ㅱ㲐シ⒒ṃ天溆烎⇑䐒䩯ẍ
⎌ⶴ冀姀ㅞ埻䘬Ḽ枭➢㛔㱽⇯䁢➢䢶炻16᷎忚ᶨ㬍Ḱẍ䳘䶣ˣ㒜⃭炻㬠䲵↢⋩ᶱ
枭嗽㇨㱽⇯炻↮⇍㗗烉1. ⭄冺⺋烊2. ⭄改朄烊3. ⭄㔜梕烊4. ⭄⃱㖶烊5. ⭄屜
伶烊6. ⭄㻼⟷烊7. ⭄央味烊8. ⭄⸛✎烊9. ⭄⭂⬰烊10. ⭄⊣怑烊11. ⭄捖⭂烊


16
⣏旧䇦居䈡㕗炷Albertus Magnus炻䲬 1206-1280炸 ˪婾┬⽟˫(De bono)㈧多Ḯ˪䌣䴎崓
ΐ⯤˫䘬婒㱽炻⮯嗽㇨怠㑯天溆㬠䲵䁢Ḽ⣏天枭炻↮⇍㗗烉1. ⛐⬱朄䘬⛘㕡炻ẍ性⃵
▰暄倚ㇻ㒦Ḯ姀ㅞ㗪ㅱ㚱䘬䳽⮵⮰㲐烊2. ⟜㇨ᶵ⎗⣒䚠Ụ炻ἳ⤪烉ᶵ天怠⣒⣂㞙⫸冯
㞙⫸ᷳ攻䘬䨢冾烊3. ᶵ⎗ẍ⣒⣏ㆾ⣒⮷烊4. ᶵ天⣒Ṗㆾ⣒㖷㘿烊5. ⎬ᾳỵ伖攻昼怑ᷕˤ
炷⍫夳叱勚 2007:88炸

65
65
厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

12. ⭄⸛䨑烊13. ⭄⣯䔘䚠⇍ˤIJĸġ

姕ỵᷳ⼴炻怬⽭枰㗪㗪⊌≈䶜佺炻
˪大⚳姀㱽炽⍇㛔䭯˫ḹ烉
ˬ梲姀ᷳ㱽炻⣏
䔍佺侴㖍䓐ᷳ炻⹞⃵䓇䔷˭ˤ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:147炸䔞⛐⎬嗽㇨⮯シ尉徸ᶨ⬱伖䨑
⥍⼴炻⽭枰娎叿忚ℍ⽫䎮䨢攻⍵央Ἦ⚆忉ⶉ⸦念炻䚜⇘䅇姀シ尉冯嗽㇨ᷳ攻䘬忋
䳸䁢㬊ˤ18

4.2.2 䩳尉—⺢㥳℟湷叿≃䘬シ尉
䚠庫㕤㉥尉䘬㔯⫿炻夾奢⊾䘬シ尉㚜傥⺽䘤倗゛ˣ㽨㳣姀ㅞˤ⛐Ṇ慴㕗⣂⽟
(Aristotle, 384-322 B.C.)˪婾姀ㅞ冯⚆ㅞ˫ᷕ炻⶚㚦婾⍲シ尉⮵㕤⿅䵕䘬慵天⿏炻
ḹ烉ˬ㰺㚱シ⾝⚾⁷炻忋⿅゛ḇ㗗ᶵ⎗傥䘬˭19烊⋩ᶱᶾ䲨㗪炻⣂䐒㕗炽旧⣶恋
炷Thomas Aquinas炻䲬 1225-1274炸忚ᶨ㬍姽姣Ṇ㮷婒㱽炻㚘烉
ˬ㰺㚱⼊尉炻Ṣὧ
䃉㱽䎮妋ảỽḳ䈑˭(Nihil potest homo intelligere sine phantasmate)炻᷎㊯↢烉
ˬシ
佑晙㘎侴Ⱄ䱦䤆朊䘬ḳ䈑炻ㆹᾹ㭼庫ᶵ㖻姀ỷ烊䰿㶢侴⎗デ奢䘬ḳ䈑ㆹᾹ㭼庫⭡
㖻姀ỷˤ˭20㬋⚈⤪㬌炻⎌℠姀ㅞ埻昌Ḯ啱䓙ˬ姕ỵ˭䈊姀妲〗⬱㓦䘬㫉⸷⢾炻
㚜⻟婧ˬ䩳尉˭䘬慵天⿏炻℟橼ἄ㱽㗗烉⮯⍇㛔ảシ⿏䘬姀嘇(symbol)Ḱẍ慵㕘
䶐䡤炻᷎䘤㎖⣑楔埴䨢䘬゛⁷≃炻䁢㉥尉䘬姀嘇岎Ḱ㕘⣯䘬㥳⼊䎮㒂炻⮯℞廱⊾
䁢℟橼⎗デˣ㖻㕤倗゛䘬夾奢⊾⚾⁷(icon)ˤ⤪㬌ᶨἮ炻⯙⤪⎴䁢⃱䥧䥧䘬㤪⾝
㶣≈姙⣂℟㚱湷叿≃䘬㍃⊦烊⼭㖍⼴㩊䳊妲〗㗪炻ὧ㚜⭡㖻⚈⯨悐䘬⇢㽨侴戌忋
崟⬴㔜䘬妲〗ˤ
⤪⇵㇨徘炻
ˬ䩳尉˭䘬䚖䘬炻⛐㕤⮵㉥尉䫎嘇⼊⺷Ḱẍ妋㥳ˣ慵㕘䶐䡤炻岎
Ḱ㕘䘬㥳⼊䎮㒂炻⮯ᷳ㓡忈䁢℟㚱湷叿≃䘬≽ンシ尉炻ἧᷳ㚜⭡㖻冯㊯䧙㤪⾝䓊
䓇忋䳸ˤ晾䃞⎬Ṣ⛯⎗ẍㄹ啱ᷣ奨゛⁷慵㕘䶐䡤ˣ∝忈シ尉炻Ữシ尉ᷳ㓰≃⌣㚱
檀ᶳᷳ↮炻㚱ṃシ尉⸛㶉䃉⣯ˣ屏⻙᷷≃炻㚱䘬シ尉⌣傥㶙䂁Ṣ⽫ˣ㽨䘤倗゛炻
䨞䪇娚⤪ỽˬ䩳尉˭炻ㇵ傥ἧシ尉㚜℟㚱湷叿≃烎㚜傥㽨㳣⃰⇵⃚⬀䘬妲〗␊烎

17
娛夳˪大⚳姀㱽炽姕ỵ䭯˫炷㛙䵕拂 2001:149-150炸 ˤ
18
䤷䇦炷2012:104炸↮ṓ冒幓䶜佺姀ㅞ埻䘬橼槿炻ḹ烉 ˬ⛐㭷ᶨ㢇⺢䭱䈑墉ㆹ悥㧁↢㧁娴
⿏䘬⛘溆炻ἄ䁢⃚⬀姀ㅞ䘬㔯ẞ⣦ˤɃɃ忁㧋 䘬䚖䘬⯙㗗天⬴ℐ䅇〱忁ṃ⺢䭱䈑炻
㈲㭷⹏㇧⫸䘬奺奺句句䶐䷼ㆸ寸⭴䘬ˣ㚱䈡⭂䳸㥳䘬倗专䵚嶗ˤ⛐㍍㓞㕘ᾉ〗䘬㗪῁炻
⯙⎗ẍ⛐忁ṃ⭖㭧㙊忂䃉旣炻⛐゛⁷ᷕ㈲天姀ㅞ䘬ℏ⭡䘬⚾⁷⾓忇㓦伖⛐⎬ᾳ⛘溆ˤ
⮵忁ṃ⺢䭱䈑崲䅇〱炻⯙崲デ奢ṾᾹ嶇冒⶙䘬⭞⼰⁷炻忁㧋䘬娙炻㓦⛐墉朊䘬⚾⁷⯙
崲䨑⚢炻ẍ⼴⣏儎⯙崲⭡㖻慵䎦忁ṃ⚾⁷ˤ˭
19
⍫夳叱勚炷2007:52炸 ˤ
20
⍫夳叱勚炷2007:96炸 ˤ

66
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䁢Ḯ㶙ℍ斉徘䩳尉ᷳ始䩭炻⇑䐒䩯㊯↢シ尉㚱ˬ⮎炾嘃˭ˣˬ㬣炾㳣˭ᷳⶖ⇍ˤ

4.2.2.1 シ尉ᷳ嘃⮎
ὅ䄏シ尉㇨㊯䧙䘬㤪⾝炻
˪䌣䴎崓ΐ⯤˫⮯シ尉↮ㆸ䁢ℑ䧖栆✳烉ᶨ㗗㧁姀
ˬḳ䈑˭(res)炻ᶨ㗗㧁姀ˬ娆婆˭(verba)ˤ21⇵侭㧁姀ˬḳ䈑˭㝸ṃ℟尉䈡⽝炻
ẍ⯨悐䈡⽝ἄ䁢㍸䣢炻㽨㳣⮵㔜橼㤪⾝ᷳ姀ㅞ烊⼴侭⇯㧁姀ˬ娆婆˭䘬⼊⺷䈡⽝炻
ẍ⫿⼊ㆾ⫿枛ᷳ䚠Ụ⿏䁢忋䳸炻╂崟⮵婆䭯徸⫿徸⎍ᷳ姀ㅞˤ⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫
⇯㗗⮯シ尉⋨↮䁢ˬ⮎尉˭ˣˬ嘃尉˭ℑ䧖栆✳炻㊯↢烉
ˬΥӷჴԖ‫ޣ׎ځ‬Ǵ߾ຝ
аჴԖϐ‫ނ‬ǶՠӷϐჴԖ‫ࣗޣނځ‬ϿǴคჴ‫ޣނ‬ǴёॷຝǴёբຝǴҭа຀ຝ૶
ჴӷǴᇂҔຝଐշ૶Ǵ٬ܰԶό‫ב‬Ƕ˭
炷ȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡ
ȑȐ㛙䵕拂 2001:149炸
ῇ䓐ˬ婆佑ᶱ奺˭㧉⺷≈ẍ↮㜸炷⍫夳⚾ 3炸炻⎗夳ℑ䧖シ尉䘬㊯⎹㚱㇨ᶵ
⎴炻
ˬ⮎尉˭㊯⎹⽫䎮㤪⾝炻啱ẍ橼䎦⮵⭊奨ḳ䈑娵䞍炻䚠䔞㕤冯ˬḳ䈑˭シ尉烊
ˬ嘃尉˭⇯㊯⎹䫎嘇⼊⺷—⫿枛冯⫿⼊炻德忶⼊橼冯婆枛ᷳ䚠Ụ⿏炻倗䳸⇘䫎嘇
㇨堐⽝⽫䎮㤪⾝ˤ

ཷ‫!ۺ‬

堐⽝ 娵䞍

䶐䡤 ⍵㗈

಄ဦ! ‫ނ‬ᡏ!
䲬⭂

ᇟॣ ӷ‫׎‬
⚾ 3烉
ˬ婆佑ᶱ奺˭㧉⺷↮㜸⚾

ᷕ⚳⢓Ṣ妋㜸㻊⫿䳸㥳炻⣏⣂ẍ姙ヶˬℕ㚠˭ἄ䁢↮㜸㟮㝞炻侴ẍ侫嫱忈⫿
䎮㒂䁢姜㯪ˤ䚠庫ᷳᶳ炻⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫ᷳ㉮妋㔯⫿炻ᷫẍ⻟⊾姀ㅞ䁢䚖䘬炻
㓭傥≯㕤嬲Ḫ冲㱽炻㐣ℍᾳṢᷣ奨゛⁷炻⮵㻊⫿㥳⼊䎮㒂Ḱẍ慵㕘娖慳ˤ晾䃞˪大


21
⍫夳叱勚炷2007:21炸 ˤ

67
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厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

⚳姀㱽˫ᷳ㉮妋㻊⫿䚳Ụ䃉䧥炻⮎⇯冯⁛䴙ˬℕ㚠˭Ṏ㚱䚠忂ᷳ嗽ˤijij⇑䐒䩯ὅ
㥳忈㕡⺷ᷳ⇍炻⮯シ尉↮ㆸˬ㛔尉˭
ˣˬἄ尉˭冯ˬῇ尉˭ᶱ栆炻᷎⮯ᷕ⚳⁛䴙ˬℕ
㚠˭冯ᶱ栆シ尉䚠Ḻ⍫䄏炻勚⮯⇑䐒䩯䘬婒㱽⽝⺽㕤ᶳ烉ġ

1. 㛔尉ȹ尉⼊
ӵВǵДǵࢃЏǵξοǵ஢ߑǵ޸݀ǵ૛Еǵ࿥ᛌǵܲᙝǵ৐࠻ǵᏔҔǵ
Պܺǵ໯१฻ӷǴ֡‫س‬ჴԖ‫׎‬ᡏϐ‫ނ‬Ǵջ‫ނځ‬ϐຝԶ૶ϐǴࢂ‫س‬ҁຝǴ
ซ‫܌‬ᒏຝ‫ޣ׎‬ΨǶȐ 炷㛙䵕拂 2001:151炸
ȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡȑ

2. ἄ尉ȹ㊯ḳˣ㚫シ
ӵȨҁȩ
ǵȨ҃ȩΒӷǴࣣаεЕ΋݄‫ޔ‬ҥǴԖ΋Γጔ‫ځ‬ਥԶ০Ǵ߾ࣁȨҁȩ
ϐຝǹጔ‫ځ‬ᜬԶۚǴ߾ࣁȨ҃ȩϐຝǴࢂ‫س‬բຝǴซ‫܌‬ᒏࡰ٣‫ޣ‬ΨǶӵ
ȨܴȩӷǴаВД٠ᘑǹӵȨ౲ȩӷǴаΟΓӕۚǹӵȨᆪȩӷǴаε
Ը҅ᝌߐύǹӵȨ‫ـ‬ȩӷǴаᚈҞ፛ғᚐ΢ǴࣄುѤఈǹӵȨࡨȩӷǴ
‫ٿ‬ЋሸΠ๱ӦǴৰལբᘶǴҭ‫س‬բຝǴซ‫܌‬ᒏ཮ཀ‫ޣ‬ΨǶȐȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿ
ҥຝጇȡ
ȑ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:151-152炸

3. ῇ尉ȹ`ῇˣ媏倚
ӵȨवȩӷа‫ކ‬Ǵ
ȨඔȩӷаᒗǴ
Ȩਖȩӷа㒖Ǵ
Ȩᎇȩӷа᜷Ǵ‫ځڗ‬ӕॣǴ
а૶ჴຝǴࢂ‫ॷس‬ຝǴซ‫܌‬ᒏଷॷǵᒋᖂϐကΨǶ
ȐȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡȑ
炷㛙䵕拂 2001:152炸

ˬ㛔尉˭䚠䔞ℕ㚠ᷳˬ尉⼊˭炻䁢㚱℟尉⼊橼⎗ὃ㍷㐡ᷳˬ⮎尉˭
烊ˬἄ尉˭
䚠䔞ˬ㊯ḳ˭冯ˬ㚫シ˭
炻ˬῇ尉˭⇯䚠䔞㕤ˬ`ῇ˭冯ˬ⼊倚˭炻Ḵ侭⣂䁢䓐ẍ
㊯䧙㉥尉ḳ䎮ᷳˬ嘃尉˭
ˤ军㕤ˬ廱㲐˭
炻⚈ᶵⰔ㕤忈⫿ᷳ㱽炻㓭暋ẍ⛐㬌↮㜸㟮
㝞ᷳᷕ㈦⇘⎰⭄䘬ỵ伖ˤijĴġ

4.2.2.2 シ尉ᷳ㬣㳣
⇑䐒䩯娵䁢炻シ尉昌Ḯ㚱ˬ⮎˭ˣ
ˬ嘃˭ᷳ↮炻⯂㚱ˬ㬣˭
ˣˬ㳣˭ᷳ⇍ˤˬ㳣


22
㚡ᾅ⸛ˣ㛶䐑炷2018炸ẍ˪大⚳姀㱽˫䘬ˬἳ嫱⫿˭䁢⮵尉炻啱ẍ奨⮇⇑䐒䩯⮵㻊⫿
䘬娵䞍冯䎮妋炻᷎㭼庫˪大⚳姀㱽˫䘬慳⫿㕡⺷冯˪婒㔯妋⫿˫ᷳ䔘⎴炻婳冒埴⍫䚳ˤ
23
ỽ媪ˬ廱㲐˭烎㬟Ἦ㔯⫿⬠⭞⮵ˬ廱㲐˭㚱ᶵ⎴䘬䓴⭂ˤ⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫ḹ烉 ˬ⤪
ˮ⎷˯⫿炻ẍᶨⶦ堓Ṣ㆟㋦㔯⌟烊⤪ˮℝ˯⫿炻ẍᶨ䓚偬Ṣ崟准幵㡘烊㕗味䓐ḳ侴㚫
シ炻⚈シ侴ㆸ⫿炻䋞ℕ㚠ᷳ㇨媪廱㲐䇦⶚ˤ˭ 炷㛙䵕拂 2001炸

68
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尉˭℟橼⎗デˣ䓇≽歖㳣烊ˬ㬣尉˭⇯⸛朄⏮㜧ˣ仢᷷䓇㯋ˤ⚈㬌炻゛天㚱㓰㽨
㳣姀ㅞ炻⽭枰∝忈䌐䈡ᷳ㳣尉䁢ᷣ橼炻性⃵╖䓐⸛㶉ᷳ㬣尉ˤ䃞⇯炻⤪ỽ∝忈℟
㚱湷叿≃䘬㳣尉␊烎⇑䐒䩯ᷣ⻝ㅱẍˬ冒幓橼槿˭ἄ䁢㥳忈シ尉䘬➢䢶ˤ
姙ヶ˪婒㔯妋⫿炽⸷˫⺽˪␐㖻炽专录˫ḹ烉
ˬ⎌侭⸾佚㮷ᷳ䌳⣑ᶳḇ炻ẘ
⇯奨尉㕤⣑炻ᾗ⇯奨㱽㕤⛘炻夾沍䌠ᷳ㔯冯⛘ᷳ⭄炻役⍾媠幓炻怈⍾媠䈑烊㕤㗗
⥳ἄ˪㖻˫ℓ⌎炻ẍ✪ㅚ尉˭
ˤˬ幓橼˭ᷫ㗗娵䞍ᶾ䓴䘬➢溆炻㗗堉慷⢾䈑䘬⯢⹎炻
Ṏ㗗∝忈㔯⫿䫎嘇䘬⍫䄏炻㬋㇨媪ˬṢ⎴㬌⽫炻⽫⎴㬌䎮˭
炻䷙ἧᷕ大㔯㖶ᶵ䚉
䚠⎴炻Ữ㟡㢵㕤Ṣ栆⿅䵕冯橼槿ᷳℙ⿏炻⇑䐒䩯ᷣ⻝ˬ䩳尉˭ㅱ䔞ẍˬṢ˭䁢橼ˣ
ẍˬ䈑˭䁢䓐炻ℤ⁁㳣尉冯㬣尉炻㕡傥曰㳣忳䓐ˤ

ΥႣ਑ፏຝǴཷаΓϐࢲຝࣁ΢Ǵ‫ځ‬Ꭹ‫ނ‬ϐԝຝࣁԛǴࡺӷӷѸ‫؃‬ԝࢲΒ
ຝǴࠍഢҞύǴаᔈ‫ځ‬ҔǶӵ૶Ȩ့ȩ
ǴӃа‫့ۉޕ܌‬ϐΓࣁࢲǴᝩаЛ့
ࣁԝǹ૶ȨᆉȩǴӃа‫ޕ܌‬๓ᆉ᏿‫ݤ‬ϐΓࣁࢲǹᝩаᆉዬࣁԝǹ૶Ȩስȩ
Ǵ
Ӄа‫ޕ܌‬ϐΓӜስ‫ࢲࣁޣ‬ǹᝩаϏስᐱҥࣁԝǹ૶Ȩቆȩ
ǴӃа‫ޕ܌‬ϐΓӳ
ᆸቆ‫ࢲࣁޣ‬ǴᝩаᝊቆрպࣁԝǶ 炷㛙䵕拂 2001:155炸
ȐȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡȑ

⤪ỽ∝忈歖㳣シ尉␊烎⽭⼿啱≑⣑楔埴䨢ˣ䨩䟜㟮㝞䘬冒䓙倗゛炻䁢㉥尉
姀嘇忚埴夾奢⊾䶐䡤ˤṆ慴㕗⣂⽟娵䁢ˬ㫉⸷˭冯ˬ倗゛˭㗗╂崟姀ㅞ䘬ℑ枭天
䳈炻
˪婾姀ㅞ冯⚆ㅞ˫婾⍲倗゛䘬≇䓐炻ḹ烉
ˬṢ㚫彭忇⽆ᶨ㬍㍐⎹ᶳᶨ㬍炻ἳ⤪烉
⽆䈃ḛ⇘䘥刚炻⽆䘥刚⇘⣑䨢炻⽆⣑䨢⇘㼖㽽烊ᷳ⼴ὧ㚫゛崟䥳⣑炻`⭂娎⚾姀
崟䘬㗗忁ᾳ⬋䭨ˤ˭24䓙䈃⤞䁢崟溆炻䴻䓙⽫䎮倗゛䑘䑘䚠㈋ˣ㬍㬍㍐忚炻㚨䳪
⊦⺽↢゛天╂愺䘬姀ㅞˤ⇑䐒䩯ḇシ嬀⇘倗゛⮵㕤夾奢⊾䶐䡤䘬慵天⿏炻⻟婧忳
䓐䚠役炷橼䓐ˣ⚈㝄ˣ㸸⥼炸
ˣ䚠⍵炷拗䵄⮵⼭炸
ˣ䚠Ụ炷嬔㱩炸ᷳ⽫䎮倗゛炻⮵
㻊⫿⼊橼Ḱẍ妋㥳ˣ慵䳬ˣ⬴┬炻⽆侴∝忈↢㖻㕤姀ㅞ冯㩊䳊䘬㕘⣯シ尉ˤ25勚
⮯⇑䐒䩯↿冱ᷳḳἳ↮栆㌺㭼⤪ᶳ烉

1. 䚠役倗゛炼橼䓐ˣ㸸⥼
૶ຎаҞǴ૶᠋аԸǴ૶༘аሷǴ૶ୡаαǴ૶‫ق‬ᇟаՁǴ૶഻ࡗаᚑǴ

24
⍫夳叱勚炷2007:54炸 ˤ
25
⼸ヰ厗炷2015:77炸▿娎ῇ䓐娵䞍婆妨⬠䘬䚠斄䎮婾—⤪ˬ晙╣˭ ˣˬ廱╣˭ˣ
ˬ䎮゛⊾娵
䞍㧉✳˭ ˣ ˬ㤪⾝㔜⎰˭妋慳⇑䐒䩯䩳尉姀⫿䘬䶐䡤忶䦳炻娵䁢烉 ˬ˪大⚳姀㱽˫ᷕ㇨婒
䘬⚾⁷䶐䡤忶䦳⛯思⽒➢㛔䘬䫎嘇娵䞍㨇⇞炻ᶵ⬀⛐䈡㬲䘬傥≃ㆾ㨇⇞ˤǾǾ⽆䫎嘇
⬠䘬奺⹎䚳炻˪大⚳姀㱽˫㗗ᶨᾳ䞼䨞➢㛔娵䞍㨇⇞␴䫎嘇廱㎃⍇⇯䘬慵天⮞⹓ˤ˭

69
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厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

૶ᐯаࣃǴ૶กаᖒǴ૶ฦὩа໘ఊǴǾǾԜӢᡏԶ᛽Ҕ‫ޣ‬ΨǶȐ
ȠՋ୯
炷㛙䵕拂 2001:152炸
૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡȑ

૶ҞаߍՅǴ૶Ըаᆅ۰Ǵ૶ሷаࣔ३Ǵ૶αаҒૄǴ૶Ћа৻Ǵ૶‫ى‬
а⏅Ǵ૶ᐩᕀаӀܴǴ૶Ηৢа㠾০ǴǾǾԜӢҔԶ᛽ᡏ‫ޣ‬ΨǶȐȠՋ୯
炷㛙䵕拂 2001:153炸
૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡȑ

૶ഓߘа໦Ǵ૶Ԣ෫‫ݞ‬ᐛаࢨǴ໦ࢨ‫ྍځ‬ΨǶ૶୏а॥Ǵ॥‫ځ‬ҁΨǶ૶
݀ਡ㬕ଳаप݅অԮǴ૶ዼᅿа჏ңǴ݅Ԯǵ჏ң‫ہځ‬ΨǶ૶ኝβаε
ӦǴ૶ήНаྙੇǴа‫ܫࢬځ‬ϐཱུΨǶԜӢ⮺ࢬጁྍǴӢྍ‫ޣہ؃‬ΨǶ
ȐȠՋ
ȑ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:153炸
୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡ

2. 䚠⍵倗゛—拗䵄
૶ৣߏа‫׌‬ηǴ૶‫׌‬ηаৣߏǹ૶ЬΓаႼᗧǴ૶ႼᗧаЬΓǹ૶‫ت‬η
аζΓǴ૶ζΓа‫ت‬ηǶӵ‫ځ؃‬౦Ǵ߾૶ߏаอǴ૶εаλǴ૶ᠼаѮǴ
૶ჲаӭǴ૶ְаⓠǴ૶ൾа๓Ǵ૶નаߍǴ૶ЎаԘǴԜ‫ڗ‬ᒱᆕჹࡑ
аҔϐΨǶȐ 炷㛙䵕拂 2001:153炸
ȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡȑ

3. 䚠Ụ倗゛—嬔㱩
૶຾γа‫݅׶‬Ǵ૶ᖐΓаϏਦǴ૶ᗦຽаജǵа๸Ǵ૶ᙴаᐊϔǵа‫׶‬
݅Ǵ૶‫ݓ‬ϻаႚǴ૶ξഁϐΓаλ૛Ǵ૶஁ζа‫ڻ‬အᡦыǴԜ߾‫ڗ‬Шϐ
᝽‫ݩ‬ԶҔϐ‫ޣ‬ΨǶȐ 炷㛙䵕拂 2001:153-154炸
ȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡȑ

⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫ḹ烉 炷㛙䵕拂 2001:159炸

ˬ℞尉婾⣂䪗炻┬⬠侭㚜⭄㖶忼˭ 炻
⤪⎴ˬ姕ỵ˭㚱℞ㅱ思⽒䘬㱽⇯炻ˬ䩳尉˭Ṏ㚱℞ㅱ䔞䔁⽫䘬ḳ枭ˤ⤪ỽ⽆䛦⣂
⎗傥⿏ᷕ∝忈↢⎰⭄䘬シ尉烎⇑䐒䩯↿冱↢ẍᶳ⋩枭㸾⇯烉ġ

1. ‫ە‬ғ୏Ԗठǹ2. ‫ە‬ӳᗒᝌਸǹ3. ‫ە‬ᗲܴଆᢀǹ4. ‫ە‬း‫״‬ӝᡏǹ

5. ‫ୃڻە‬ё഻ǹ6. ‫܁ە‬౦ёᓙǹ7. ‫ە‬ᄊ‫ރ‬ёઢǹ8. Ꮤ‫صەמ‬ǹ
9. ຝ‫ە܌‬ᆀǹ10. ᅪ՟‫ە‬ϩǶ

忁ṃ⍇⇯堐朊䚳Ụᶵᶨ炻⮎晃ᶲ⌣㚱叿ℙ忂䘬䚖䘬ȹシ⚾ἧシ尉嬲⼿㕘⣯㚱
嵋ˣ䓇≽歖㳣ˣ樂ᶾ榕὿ˣ䦨⣯⎌⿒ɃɃ炻㖊ᶵ忽⍵嗽㇨ね⠫炻Ữ⍰傥冯⸛ⷠ䅇
䞍䘬ḳ䈑㚱㇨⋨昼炻⽆侴䓊䓇崭⻟䘬湷叿≃炻嬻Ṣ䔁ᶳ㖊㶙⇣⍰㊩ᷭ䘬⌘尉ˤġ

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 䩳尉姀⫿ȹ⽆˪大⚳姀㱽˫婾⇑䐒䩯䘬㻊⫿⬠佺䫾䔍ġ

4.3 䩳尉姀⫿ᷳ㑵ἄ㕡⺷
⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫ḹ烉
ˬ䫔⇅⬠姀㱽炻枰徸⫿⎍⭂尉炻ᶵ⼿常䫱炻急䇦䈥
倗㷲⎰炻ᾇ℞佺䶜㖊ᷭ炻尉㇨㖊䅇炻䃞⼴ảシ⍾䓐炻ᶵ⽑㊀㲍ˤ˭挃拲姀ㅞ埻㚱
℞⬠佺㫉䫔炻䔞⃰⽆ˬ徸⫿⭂尉˭攳⥳炻䫱⼭䩳尉㈨ⶏ䅇䶜ᷳ⼴炻ㇵ傥忚昶军ˬ圵
㚫㔠⎍˭炻ẍ䳬⟲(chunking)26㕡⺷姀ㅞ㚜漸暄䘬妲〗ˤẍᶳ⽆ˬ╖⫿⭂尉˭ˣ
ˬ忋
姀㔠⫿˭冯ˬ圵㚫㔠⎍˭ᶱ㕡朊炻ṳ䳡⇑䐒䩯⤪ỽ妋㥳㻊⫿⼊橼ˣ⤪ỽ㟡㒂ˬ䩳
尉˭㱽⇯䁢㻊⫿忚埴⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤ˤ

4.3.1 ╖⫿⭂尉
㻊⫿㗗⫿⼊ˣ⫿枛ˣ⫿佑ᶱỵᶨ橼烊⯙⫿⼊䳸㥳奨ᷳ炻⍰⎗↯↮ㆸˬ㔜⫿˭ˣ
ˬ悐ẞ˭
ˣˬ䫮䔓˭ᶱᾳⰌ䳂ˤ䁢㻊⫿慵㕘忚埴⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤㗪炻ᶨ⇯⎗怠㑯佑䫎ˣ
⼊䫎ㆾ枛䫎ἄ䁢䶐䡤䘬䳈㛸炻ᶨ⇯⎗怠㑯倂䃎⛐㔜⫿ˣ悐ẞㆾ䫮䔓ᶲ炻ℑ䧖ᶵ⎴
怠㑯䵕⹎䚠ḺṌ䷼炻∝忈↢⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤䘬⣂䧖⎗傥⿏ˤ⛐˪大⚳姀㱽˫ᷕ炻⇑䐒
䩯怠㑯ᶵ⎴䫎䡤栆✳ˣᶵ⎴㥳忈Ⰼ䳂炻慵㕘䁢㻊⫿岎Ḱ⚾⁷⊾䘬㥳⼊䎮㒂炻嬻㉥
尉䘬㕡⟲㻊⫿嚣嬲ㆸ㕘⣯㚱嵋䘬≽ン⚾⁷ˤ

4.3.1.1 ⫿佑ᷳ⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤
䚜㍍ẍ㔜⫿䩳尉炻᷎䁢⮵⫿⼊忚埴䳘悐㉮妋ˤ⇑䐒䩯㟡㒂㻊⫿䘬㔜橼シ㵝炻
㥳゛↢ᶨⷭ䓇≽歖㳣䘬≽ン䔓朊炻䔓朊ᷕ忂ⷠ⊭⏓ˬṢ䈑為≽ἄ為䈑橼˭ᶱ枭天
䳈炻ẍṢ䈑䁢ᷣ橼炻德忶Ṣ䈑ᷳ⼊尉䈡⽝ˣ䌐䈡≽ἄˣ㇨⍲ḳ䈑…䫱䳘䭨炻㶣≈
⣂⃫デ⭀妲〗炻ẍ⇑㕤䔞ᶳ姀ㅞ冯㖍⼴㩊䳊ˤ⤪ẍᶳ㔠ἳ㇨䣢烉

ўǺ΋රγቸ߷ᘾ฽Ǵ⎋ҥ‫ܭ‬৥Ƕ!
ᑣǺᏢγࢉᏀǴϱᚊᙋҥǶ!
ᛊǺԮᙁॡጓǴಕಕᅈًǶ!
હǺၭϻ୺฼Ǵ០ФԶહǶ!
ᢜǺεӐ୺АǴ΍΍ᢜЕǶ!
ഏǺ゘ᏔࣦഁǴπၮ‫ܭ‬ጀǶ!
ࣜǺҜՊਇЉǴ೴ᛌ‫و‬ᚻǶȐȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿቶၗጇȡ
ȑ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:165炸!


26
䤷䇦炷2012:57炸ṳ䳡ˬ䳬⟲˭䘬䶐䡤⍇䎮炻㊯↢烉 ˬ㇨媪ˮ䳬⟲˯
炻⯙㗗ᶵℵ㊱䄏天姀
ㅞ䘬ᾉ〗䘬╖枭忚埴姀ㅞ炻侴㗗⮯╖枭⎰Ἕㆸ⸦ᾳ悐↮忚埴姀ㅞ炻㚨䳪ἧ⼿天姀ㅞ䘬
╖枭㔠䚖㷃⮹ˤ暣娙嘇䡤䘬姕伖思⽒䘬⯙㗗忁ᾳ⍇䎮ˤ˭

71
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㬌⢾炻䁢Ḯ性⃵㔜橼シ尉忶㕤⸛㶉䃉⣯炻⛐冒䓙䘤゛䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻⇑䐒䩯呬シ
娯⣏⻝㎂ḳ䈑䘬⯨悐䈡⽝ȹ⣏⮷ˣ攟䞕ˣ䱦䳘ˣ屜岌Ƀ䫱炻∝忈↢䨩䟜ⷠ夷䘬䈡
䔘䉨ン炻啱ẍ≈㶙䞍奢⌘尉炻⡆⻟姀ㅞ湷叿⹎ˤ⤪ẍᶳ㔠ἳ㇨䣢烉ġ

ႎǺႳԸΨǴґҡႳⰸǴߎҏ‫ځ‬ႎǴ‫ځڗ‬຦‫૶ޣ‬ϐǶ
ࢊǺЦᕄ፦ᐆǴ‫࣓ࢊٿ‬᝙ዬ⽯ǴદᕰӵวǴ‫ځڗ‬ᆒ‫૶ޣ‬ϐǶ
ફǺӑБΟκǴѠફࣦЁǴ‫ځڗ‬ε‫૶ޣ‬ϐǶ
ఉǺЕఏࣦЁǴ‫ٿ‬ԸԖϾǴೣаΖЁϐఉǴ‫૶ޣߏځڗ‬ϐǶ
炷㛙䵕拂 2001:166炸!
ȐȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿቶၗጇȡȑ

㬌䧖↠栗↢ḳ䈑⯨悐䈡⽝䘬ㇳ㱽炻℟㚱⏠⺽奨䛦㲐シ≃䘬㓰㝄炻㓭䴻ⷠ忳䓐
⛐⓮㧁姕妰ㆾ⺋⏲㴟⟙ᶲ炻⤪⚾ 4 䁢 2009 ⸜倥晄⤏忳䘬㧁娴炻27↠栗俛㛝⍲℞
廒⹻烊⚾ 5 䁢哫劬慔䘬⸛朊⺋⏲炻28⇣シ娯⣏哫劬慔䘬ấ慷炷⛘ỵ炸
炻彪徜㘿䣢
䔒劬慔ᷳ伶␛ˤ↉㬌炻⛯⎗夾䁢㻊⫿⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤ᷳ忳䓐ˤ

⚾ 4烉倥晄⤏忳㧁娴 ⚾ 5烉哫劬慔⸛朊㴟⟙

昌Ḯẍ㔜⫿䩳尉⢾炻⇑䐒䩯Ṏ⮯㔜⫿暊㜸ㆸ㔠ᾳ悐ẞ炻徸ᶨ䁢⎬ᾳ悐ẞ䶐忈
シ尉炻ℵ㐣ℍᾳṢᷣ奨゛⁷⮯ᶵ⎴シ尉Ḱẍ㔜⎰ˣ⬴┬炻ἳ⤪ˬ䞖˭⫿炻妋㜸䁢
ˬ⤛˭ˣˬ䥦˭ˣˬ䞊˭ᶱᾳ悐ẞ炻䘤㎖寸㱃䘬゛⁷≃炻忳䓐栆Ụ呁⣒⣯(montage)
䘬暣⼙−廗ㇳ㱽炻⮯ᶱᾳシ尉Ḱẍ圵屓炻⽆侴䶐忈↢ˬ⤛㇜䥦侴➟䞊˭䘬娕䔘䔓
朊ˤὅ䄏悐ẞ⿏岒⍲䳬⎰夷⇯䘬ᶵ⎴炻⎗䳘↮ㆸẍᶳᶱ䧖ㆸ尉栆✳烉

27
⚾䇯㕤 2019 ⸜ 2 㚰 21 㖍⍾冒 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/炷䵕➢䘦䥹炸 ˤ
28
⚾䇯㕤 2019 ⸜ 2 㚰 21 㖍⍾冒 https://www.frederikhermann.com/ketchup-with-a-side-of-
ġ french-fries/

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1. ℤ⼊岒侴ㆸ尉
ԖӵЛՊࣁȨ߄ȩǴҜᆆࣁȨᛜȩǴЕՀࣁȨ㪿ȩǴЕ࿥ࣁȨ⺷ȩǴЦнࣁ
Ȩ࣑ȩǴҏ‫ࣁم‬ȨฒȩǴҡଲࣁȨ⫒ȩǴХମࣁȨྲȩ
ǶՊǵᆆǵՀǵ࿥ǵ
нǵ‫م‬ǵଲǵХǴ‫׎‬ΨǹЛǵҜǵЕǵҡǵҏǵମǴ፦ΨǶǾǾࢂࣣ΋
‫ނ‬ঋ‫׎‬፦Զԋຝ‫ޣ‬ǶȐȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡ
ȑ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:154炸

2. ⎰㔠尉侴ㆸᶨ尉
ԖӵΓХࣁȨҷȩǴΓФࣁȨҹȩǴങԲࣁȨᗲȩǴങңࣁȨᑋȩǴߎۧࣁ
Ȩᒸȩ
ǴЕۧࣁȨාȩ
ǴΘӨࣁȨᩍȩ
ǴΘ‫ࣁن‬Ȩ߾ȩ
ǴԸՁࣁȨ๗ȩ
ǴҠ‫ل‬
ࣁȨอȩ
ǴҐ‫ࣁف‬Ȩ␠ȩ
ǴХଭࣁȨႮȩ
ǴαԸํࣁȨጒȩ
ǴԮߐВࣁȨᙁȩ
Ǵ
ථ߾ӝኧຝԶԋ΋ຝ‫ޣ‬ΨǶ
ȐȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡ
ȑ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:154炸

3. ⍫尉ẍシ侴ㆸ尉
૶Ȩሳȩаച๤‫്ځ‬Ǵ૶Ȩ֋ȩаФᮼ‫ځ‬αǴ૶ȨှȩаФ‫ف‬௠ΘǴ૶
ȨᚃȩаଭҥߐύǴ૶Ȩ࿖ȩаζᔎңԶ୺ҠǴ૶Ȩ๴ȩаВД䚥૛Զ
ӕӀǴථΞୖຝаཀԶԋຝ‫ޣ‬ΨǶȐȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡȑ炷㛙䵕拂
2001:154-155炸

䃞侴炻㬌䧖暊㜸悐ẞˣ㔜⎰ㆸ尉䘬妋⫿㧉⺷炻䃉䔹⮯㭷ᾳ悐ẞ⛯夾䁢⎗䌐䩳
堐佑䘬╖ỵ炻㬌ᶨ奨溆Ụ᷶冯䌳⬱䞛˪⫿婒˫䚠役ˤᶲ徘⫿ἳ䴻忶⇑䐒䩯䘬妋㥳ˣ
慵㥳ᷳ⼴炻⼊倚⫿䚉䘮塓㚚妋䁢㚫シ⫿炻忈⫿ᷳ⇅䘬㥳⼊䎮㒂塓㑌扟Ḯ炻⍾侴ẋ
炸ijĺˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻㬌䧖
ᷳ䘬㗗炻ẍ⼴Ṣ゛㱽ᷣ奨㭼旬䘬㳩὿⫿㸸炷ㆾ䧙ˬ὿⼊佑⬠˭
㐣ℍᾳṢᷣ奨゛⁷䘬⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤炻晾䃞ἧ㻊⫿㥳⼊䎮㒂嬲⼿℟橼歖㳣ˣ㖻㕤姀ㅞ炻
Ữ⌣ḇ側暊Ḯ⭊奨䎮⿏ˣ㈕㚚Ḯ㬟⎚䛇䚠炻Ữᶵ⃵ḇ㚫⺽Ἦ嫷䪹冯娔䕭ˤġ

4.3.1.2ġ ⫿⼊ᷳ⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤ġ
䎦ẋ㻊⫿⣂㔠⶚ㆸ㉥尉䘬姀嘇㔯⫿炻䃉㱽㶭㤂シ嬀⫿⼊冯㤪⾝ᷳ攻䘬尉Ụ斄
Ὢˤ䃞侴炻㻊⫿ṵ⎗啱䓙悐ẞ㔠慷䘬➮䔲炻侴橼䎦↢㔠慷尉Ụ⿏炻ἳ⤪烉
ˬ㛐˭

29
ˬ὿⼊佑⬠˭ẍᷣ奨㭼旬䘬ン⹎㍊䨞䎦ẋ㻊⫿䘬㥳⼊䎮㒂炻冯䥹⬠⿏䘬ˬ⼊佑⬠˭䚠
⮵ˤ㛶叔䤷炷1995:6-7炸㊯↢烉ˬᶵ㈲忈⫿≽㨇夾䁢㖊ㆸḳ⮎炻Ữ㯪妨ᷳㆸ䎮炻 ˮ㊱ᷳ
䎮佑ᶵ〾˯ 炻ᶵ⽭ᾉ侴㚱嫱ˤ⛐婆妨⬠ᷕ炻冯娆㸸⬠䚠⮵ㅱ炻 ˮ㖊ᶵ侫ㄖ婆枛䘬㬟⎚㺼
嬲炻ḇᶵ侫ㄖ娆佑䘬㺼嬲忶䦳炻侴䈥⻟旬㚫⛘㍐㷔娆㸸˯䘬⎓ ὿娆㸸⬠ˤ⛐㔯⫿⬠
柀➇炻冯⼊佑⬠䞼䨞䘬⮵尉䚠⎴侴㕡㱽ᶵ⎴炻ㆹᾹὧ䧙ᷳ䁢὿⼊佑⬠ˤ˭㚱斄ˬ㳩὿
娆㸸˭䘬妶婾炻婳娛夳䌳㜦㛐炷2007炸 ˤ

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厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

ɦˬ㜿˭ɦˬ㢖˭ˣˬ㯜˭ɦˬ㱅˭ɦˬ㶤˭
炻晐叿㥳⼊悐ẞ㔠慷ᷳ㻠㫉⡆≈炻⎗
⽆⫿⼊㛔幓䚜奢デ⍿⇘ˬ㔠慷⣂˭䘬シ㵝ˤ⇑䐒䩯⮯㬌䧖⫿䫎ᷳ⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤䧙䁢
ˬ慵䔲㛔尉侴ㆸ尉˭
炻⤪ẍᶳ⺽㔯㇨䣢烉ġ

Ԗӵ‫ٿ‬ЕࣁȨ݅ȩ
Ǵख़ξࣁȨрȩ
Ǵ٠ДࣁȨܻȩ
Ǵ᠄ОࣁȨ‫ݹ‬ȩ
ǴΟЈࣁȨ≰ȩǴ
ΟЕࣁȨහȩ
ǴΟαࣁȨࠔȩǴΟԸࣁȨᙎȩǴΟВࣁȨ඲ȩ
ǴΟ‫ࣁن‬Ȩ㑐ȩǴ
ΟФࣁȨ㵠ȩǴΟԲࣁȨ䎖ȩǴΟХࣁȨ⌿ȩǴΟζࣁȨ࠵ȩ
Ǵථ߾аख़᠄ҁ
ຝԶԋຝ‫ޣ‬ΨǶȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡȑ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:154炸
Ȑ

⎎⢾炻⍰⎗ẍ㻊⫿ἄ䁢㛔橼炻⃰⮯⫿⼊㒔Ṣ⊾炻ℵ德忶悐ẞˣ䫮䔓ᷳ⡆㶣ㆾ
㷃㎵炻䓐ẍ∝忈㕘⣯シ尉炻㬌䩳尉ᷳ㱽䧙䁢ˬ㎵䙲㛔橼侴ㆸ尉˭
ˤ⤪ẍᶳ⺽㔯㇨
䣢烉ġ
‫܌‬ᒏᜤբຝ‫ޣ‬Ǵӵ૶Ȩ‫؂‬ȩӷ߾҆ᓐᔎ൰ǴȨ㠅ȩӷ߾аО΢஭ᇂǴ
Ȩϱȩ
ӷФᘐ‫ځ‬ᓐǴ
Ȩυ ȩӷԲᄒ‫فځ‬Ǵ
Ȩ❌ȩӷᓫᕭ‫ځ‬२Ǵ
ȨБȩӷ‫܊‬ᄖ‫ځ‬ЊǴ
Ȩϙȩ
ӷԴΓЋឫ㈻‫׺‬Ǵ
Ȩ٥ȩӷൾΓപѐ‫ځ‬ЈǴථΞа‫׎‬ᆶཀཞ੻ҁᡏԶԋຝ‫ޣ‬
ΨǶȐȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿҥຝጇȡȑ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:155炸

4.3.1.3 ⫿枛ᷳ⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤
ẍ⫿枛䁢⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤ᷳ䳈㛸炻⤪⎴ℕ㚠ᷳ`ῇ炻⇑䓐䚜枛ᷳ㱽炻⍾嬨枛䚠⎴ˣ
䚠役ᷳ⫿ἄ䁢䘤゛ὅ㒂炻啱㬌∝忈↢℟湷叿≃䘬㕘⣯シ尉ˤ⤪ẍᶳ㔠ἳ㇨䣢烉ġ

ρǺॷȨႲȩࣁρǴ΋ΓগႲϐҜǶ
۪ǺॷȨᛨȩࣁ۪Ǵొᛨ‫ܭ‬ႳǴ΋ΓᖐΛ჋ϐǶ
࣢ǺॷȨଲȩࣁ࣢ǴϺઓቄଲǶ
ϊǺॷȨᗒȩࣁϊǴܿࡼਏᡮǴΓӅ༔ϐǶ‫܈‬аФ‫ف‬໔ВභǶ
஋ǺॷȨሌȩࣁ஋Ǵϡᝊ΋ᒭǶ‫܈‬а߁໨ᝌВභǶ
Ȑ 炷㛙䵕拂 2001:164-166炸!
ȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿቶၗጇȡȑ

昌Ḯ㔜⫿媏枛ᷳ⢾炻⇑䐒䩯Ṏ㶙媛⍵↯㧁枛䘬⍇䎮炻⍰ẍ⍵↯㱽ἄ䁢䩳尉ᷳ
㱽ˤ⃰⮯⫿枛↯↮ㆸ倚ˣ枣ℑ悐↮炻↮⇍ẍ⍵↯ᶲ⫿ˣᶳ⫿㧁䣢ᷳ烊℞㫉炻ℵ⮯
↯婆ᶲ⫿ˣᶳ⫿⚾⁷⊾炻⎬⍾℞⼊橼ᷳ⋲炻㊤㷲ㆸ⿒娽⣯䔘䘬㔜橼シ尉炻䋞⤪䤆
娙⁛婒ᷕ䘬ˬ⣯伶㉱˭(Chimera)炻ㆾṢ椾䌠幓—㓀(jam)炻Ṣ(jin)伲(iam)↯炻ㆾ
䉿幓楔柕—䔅(meu)炻楔(ma)䉿(keu)↯烊ㆾ欂椾Ṣ幓—婦(in)炻欂(iu)Ṣ(jin)↯ǾǾˤ

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 䩳尉姀⫿ȹ⽆˪大⚳姀㱽˫婾⇑䐒䩯䘬㻊⫿⬠佺䫾䔍ġ

30
⤪ẍᶳ⺽㔯㇨䣢烉

Ԗ΋‫ݤ‬ǴΏа‫ٿ‬ຝӝࣁ΋ᡏǴ‫߻ځڗ‬ъࣁॣǴࡕъࣁᜩǴаᙌϪӷ‫ݤ‬Ǵ୔
Զ᛽ϐǶӵΓ२ᛌ‫ي‬Ǵ‫܈‬ᙝ२࿥‫ي‬Ǵ‫܈‬Γᆶ࿥ᛌܲᙝǴΥ΋Ϫ୏෌Ԗ‫ނ׎‬
ᜪǴҬϕ‫ځ‬ᡏǴԶӚъϐǶ߻ࢤϐຝрϪǴࡕࢤϐຝՉᜩǶ٩‫ݤ‬ᙌϪԋӷǴ
૶‫ځ‬ຝ߾Ꮻ‫ځ‬ϪǴᏫ‫ځ‬Ϫ߾Ꮻ‫ځ‬ӷ‫خ‬Ƕ‫૶ځ‬ཇࣁᙁߡǴ‫ځ‬౛ཇࣁᆒ֮Ƕࢂ
аΓ२Բ‫ي‬Ǵ‫ڗ‬ΓԲϪȨᝎȩǹ៓ଝଝᚊǴ‫ڗ‬ଝᚊϪȨեȩǹ‫يކ‬ଭᓐǴ‫ڗ‬
ଭ‫ކ‬ϪȨ੫ȩ
Ǵങ२Γ‫ي‬Ǵ‫ڗ‬ങΓϪȨ⮅ȩ
ǹᚨᓐᓫᡏǴ‫ڗ‬ᚨᓫϪȨឧȩ
ǹΓ
ᚐ΢ญǴ‫ڗ‬ᚐญϪȨ⠱ȩǹႬᒸ‫ܭ‬฽Ǵ‫ڗ‬฽ᒸϪȨ࿪ȩǾǾȐȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿ
ҥຝጇȡ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:155炸
ȑ

⎎⢾炻⛐˪大⚳姀㱽炽屯⺋䭯˫Ṏ⎗夳ẍ⍵↯㱽∝忈⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤䘬ἳ⫸炻勚⽝⺽
⤪ᶳ烉ġ
ߘǺ΋ങҥ‫ܭ‬ႵङǴ‫ڗ‬ങႵϪߘ
୔Ǻ΋Γ࡭Θࣁ΋ΓႰ໪Ǵ‫ڗ‬Ⴐ໪Ϫ୔ǹ‫܈‬΋ΓਉًԶՉǴ‫ًޜڗ‬Ϫ୔Ƕ
হǺҷᑢМФ२Γ‫ي‬ǴནЕယࣁՊ,ЋᔏΖ‫ړ‬კǴ‫ڗ‬ᑢ‫ړ‬ϪহǶ
ѹǺ΋Γ࡭ЎѲр୧ǴЎѲϪѹǶ 炷㛙䵕拂 2001:155炸
ȐȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿၗቶጇȡȑ

ẍ⍵↯㱽䩳尉炻⎗ẍ庽㖻⛘∝忈↢崭᷶⮳ⷠ䘬娕嫶シ尉炻ὧ㕤㖍⼴㩊䳊ˤ
Ṿ㖍ㅞ崟シ尉炻ὧ⎗廱㎃ㆸ⍵↯炻ℵ⽆⍵↯嬨↢⫿枛炻⎗ẍ⃵昌ˬ夳⫿ᶵ䞍枛˭
䘬⚘㒦ˤ䃞⇯㬌㱽晾⥁炻Ữ⌣⎒傥忋䳸⇘⫿枛炻侴㻊婆⎴枛ᷳ⫿䓂⣂炻㛒⽭傥㍸
⍾↢㬋䡢䘬⫿⼊冯⫿佑ˤ⇑䐒䩯Ṏ䞍ẍ⍵↯㱽ἄ䁢䶐䡤䳈㛸ᷳὟ旸炻㓭䈡⇍⎖☨
㚘烉ˬ℞⥁暋ẍ⼊⭡炻㬌⇯⍾ℑ尉ᷳ枛枣⎰䁢ᶨ⫿ᷳ侣↯炻℞㱽⚢ᶵ⎗⊅䓐炻䫔
枛枣⣂⎴炻晾↯⼿℞倚炻㛒⮑℞⫿炻⇯㕤ᶲᶳ㔯佑圵㚫屓忂ẍ㯪ᷳ炻⹞䃉ⶖ姃ᷳ
かˤ˭炷˪大⚳姀㱽炽䩳尉䭯˫
炸炷㛙䵕拂 2001:155炸

4.3.2 忋姀㔠⫿
∱⊘˪㔯⽫晽漵炽䪈⎍˫烉ˬ⣓Ṣᷳ䩳妨炻⚈⫿侴䓇⎍炻䧵⎍侴ㆸ䪈炻䧵䪈
侴ㆸ䭯ˤ˭⛐䎦⮎䓇㳣ᷕ炻ṢᾹ忳䓐姀ㅞ埻忂ⷠᶵ㗗⎒䁢Ḯ姀ㅞ㝸ᾳ╖⫿炻侴㗗
゛天姀ㅞ㝸㭝娙婆ㆾ䭯䪈ˤ䁢Ḯ㚜⬴㔜⛘⯽䎦姀ㅞ埻䘬㑵ἄ㕡⺷炻⇑䐒䩯⍰ẍ˪婾
婆炽⬠侴˫椾⎍䁢ἳ炻䣢䭬⤪ỽ徸⫿䩳尉炻⤪ỽ忋姀㔠⫿ˤ

30
㬌嗽⫿ἳ㧁㲐ᷳ㉱ᶩ⫿㭵炻Ὢ㟡㒂慹⯤敋炷Nicolas Trigault, 1577-1629炸 ˪大₺俛䚖屯˫
ˤ

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厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

ӵ૶ȨᏢԶਔಞϐǴόҭᇥЯȩ
Ǵ߾аߪ‫ذ‬ᏢูҥᢀਜнࣁȨᏢȩӷǴа‫ݓ‬
γॹගㅒ‫ݽ‬ຝȨԶȩӷǴаВྣӽ߻Ǵ΋ΓఈϐǴຝȨਔȩӷǴ‫܈‬а‫ۉ‬Ȩਔȩ
ӷǵӜȨਔȩϐΓǶаВғ‫ٿ‬ᖀǴ΋ΓᓙᢀǴຝȨಞȐಞȑ
ȩӷǴ‫܈‬а‫ۉ‬Ȩಞȩǵ
ӜȨಞȩϐΓǶа΋Γ࡭Ё೚ϐЕǴߺᘐ‫ځ‬ᓐǴຝȨόȩӷǶа΋Γުᐉ
΋ЉǴဈᝌ‫ٿ‬ᗚǴຝȨҭȩӷǹ
Ȩҭȩ
ǴጆЎǴջȨҭȩӷΨǶаഡᇥᑐᠯǴ
‫ڗ‬ȨᇥȩӷǴ‫܈‬а΋Γ‫ܡ‬Ћһय़ԶઢǴҭຝȨᇥȩӷǶа΋चΓचܺԶۚǴ
ଷॷȨЯȩӷǶа΢ΐӷǴ೴ӷҥຝǴൻ‫ځ‬ԛಃǴ࿼ϐΐೀǴԜᇂ΋ӷ஌
΋ೀϐ‫ٯ‬ΨǶȐ ȑ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:157炸
ȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿ‫ۓ‬᛽ጇȡ

㟡㒂ẍᶲ⺽㔯㇨徘炻⮯ˬ⬠侴㗪佺炻ᶵṎ婒᷶˭ℓ⫿ᷳ⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤㬟䦳ȹ妋
㥳ɦ倗゛ɦ⚾⁷⊾ɦ≽ン⊾炻ẍ堐㟤㕡⺷妋㜸ᷳ炻⤪堐 2 ㇨䣢烉ġ

堐 2烉ˬ⬠侴㗪佺炻ᶵṎ婒᷶˭ᷳ⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤ġ
ှᄬ ᖄགྷ კຝϯ ୏ᄊϯ
Ꮲ Ꮲ ᏢูȐကȑ ߪ‫ذ‬Ꮲู ҥᢀਜн
Զ Զ ㅒ‫ݽ‬Ȑ‫׎‬ȑ ㅒ‫ݽ‬ ‫ݓ‬γॹග
ਔ Вʏӽ ϼ໚Ȑကȑ Вྣӽ߻ ΋Γఈϐ
ӽቴȐကȑ
ಞ ВʏԳ ϼ໚Ȑကȑ Вғ‫ٿ‬ᖀ ΋Γᓙᢀ
‫ٿ‬ᖀȐ‫׎‬ȑ
ό ό ЕȐ‫׎‬ȑ ᘐᓐϐЕ ΋Γ࡭ЕǴ
ߺᘐ‫ځ‬ᓐ
ҭ ΋ʏΓʏǵǵ ᐉЉȐ‫׎‬ȑ ުᐉ΋Љ
ΓȐ‫׎‬ȑ ဈᝌ‫ٿ‬ᗚ
‫ٿ‬ᗚȐ‫׎‬ȑ
ᇥ ‫ق‬ʏի ‫ق‬ᇟȐကȑ ‫ܡ‬Ћһय़ ઢ
‫ܡ‬Ћһय़Ȑ‫׎‬ȑ

Я Я चȐॣȑ चΓचܺ ۚ

⯙⫿⼊㉮妋悐↮奨ᷳ炻⇑䐒䩯ㆾ䚜㍍ẍˬ㔜⫿˭䩳尉炷⬠ˣ侴ˣᶵˣ᷶炸
炻
ㆾ㉮妋军ˬ悐ẞ˭Ⰼ䳂炷㗪ˣ佺ˣ婒炸
炻Ṏ㚱㉮妋军ˬ䫮䔓˭Ⰼ䳂侭炷Ṏ炸
ˤ⯙倗
゛悐↮奨ᷳ炻啱䓙⍾尉㭼栆䘬㕡⺷炻䴻䓙⫿⼊䳸㥳倗゛崟⫿佑炷㤪⾝炸
ˣ⫿枛炷婆
枛炸ㆾ⼊尴炷䈑橼炸
炻ẍ㬌ἄ䁢゛⁷≃䘤㔋䘬崟⥳溆炻⮯⇅⥳シ尉Ḱẍ㒜⃭ˣ䳬

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⎰ˣ⬴┬炻᷎㶣≈傥⇢㽨デ⭀䘬側㘗妲〗炻ἧᷳ㚜≈㳣曰㳣䎦ˣ⤪⛐䚖⇵ˤἳ⤪烉
ˬ婒˭㉮妋ㆸˬ妨˭ˣˬ⃴˭ℑ悐ẞ炻⮯ˬ⃴˭ᷳ⼊橼゛⁷ㆸ婒䪹㗪ˬẘ朊㉵ㇳ˭
ᷳ䉨炻℟㚱奨岆㻓䔓ᷳ㱩␛炻ẌṢデ⇘娤媏㚱嵋ˤġ

4.3.3 圵㚫㔠⎍
⇅⬠姀ㅞ埻ᶵ傥屒⾓炻⽭枰徸⫿徸⎍䩳尉烊Ữ䫱⇘䩳尉㈨ⶏ⋩↮䅇䶜ᷳ⼴炻
ὧ⎗娎叿⮯㔠⎍圵㚫ᶨᾳシ尉墉炻德忶慵㕘䶐䡤⮯䐋䠶暞㔋䘬妲〗䳬⟲⊾
(chunking)炻ἧ䷩墯䃉⸷䘬ᾳ⇍䫎䡤ↅ䳸ㆸ䯉╖㚱⸷䘬䴙ᶨ㔜橼炻⤪㬌ᶨἮ炻㚜
傥㍸⋯姀ㅞᷳ忇⹎冯㓰䌯ˤ31⎗夳ẍˬ圵㚫㔠⎍˭㕡⺷忚埴⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤炻ᷫ㗗姀
ㅞ埻䘬忚昶㈨傥炻娚⤪ỽ㑵ἄ␊烎⇑䐒䩯冱ἳ婒㖶⤪ᶳ烉ġ

ऩటᕴ૶ኧӷ‫ܭ‬΋ೀǴ߾ӷຝϷཀຝǴᑼϯࣁ΋Ǵ୍ԋԾฅǶӵ૶Ȩ൧ቺ
‫܄‬ȩΟӷǴӃ‫ۓ‬ಃΒӷࣁࢲຝǴаԖቺ‫܈‬ӜቺϐΓۚύǴѰЋᖐ΋ଚ൧Ǵ
ѓЋᖐ஥ՈғЈǴӝԋȨ൧ቺ‫܄‬ȩΟӷǶऩ࿼ѤӷǵϖӷǴ൩а΋ูҥ‫ځ‬
߻ǹӵ࿼ϤӷǵΎӷǴ൩аΒูҥ‫߻ځ‬Ǵࣣᖐ୺ჴ‫ނ‬аຝǶӵϖӷǴջȨ൧
ቺ‫܄‬ȩΠǴុȨ኷ၰȩΒӷǴ൩‫߻ܭ‬ຝϐ߻ቚ΋ၰูܺηǴѰЋᔏᓪᓐ៪
‫ي‬ϐຝǴϪȨ኷ȩӷǴ೯ԋȨ൧ቺ‫܄‬኷ၰȩϖຝǴ૶ϐ΋ೀǶӵΎӷǴջ
Ȩ൧ቺ‫܄‬኷ၰȩΠǴӆុȨཱུӼȩΒӷǴ൩‫߻ܭ‬ԖቺΓϐ߻ǴၰูϐѓǴ
ቚ΋ζηᔎεЏಀࣁȨӼȩӷǴѰЋᔏϼཱུკǴ‫ڗ‬ȨཱུȩӷǴᕴԋȨ൧ቺ
‫܄‬኷ၰཱུӼȩΎຝǴ૶ϐ΋ೀǶ
Ȑ ȑ㛙䵕拂 2001:157-158炸
ȠՋ୯૶‫ݤ‬Ƿ‫ۓ‬᛽ጇȡ
炷

⇑䐒䩯⃰ẍˬ⮲⽟⿏˭䁢➢䢶炻ℵ⡆ℍˬ㦪忻˭
ˣˬ㤝⬱˭Ḵ娆炻嬻シ尉⎹⢾
㒜⯽ˣⰌⰌ䔲≈炻圵㚫ㆸᶨⷭ墯暄䘬⚾⁷ˤ勚䴙㔜⇑䐒䩯㇨冱ᷳ䣢ἳ炻⤪堐 3
㇨䣢烉ġ

ġ

31
䤷䇦炷2012:152-159炸ṳ䳡 PAO炷person-action-object炻ᾳṢ-≽ἄ-䈑橼炸䲣䴙炻姀ㅞ
㭼岥㗪怠ㇳⷠẍ㬌㱽姀ㅞ㑚⃳䇴炻天始㗗⮯ᶱ⻝㑚⃳䇴䷥⎰ㆸᶨᾳ⣯䈡䘬シ尉炻ẍ㍸
⋯姀ㅞ忇⹎冯㓰䌯ˤ䤷䇦㊯↢烉 ˬ㈲ 52 ⻝㑚⃳䇴悥゛⁷ㆸᶨᾳṢ䈑ˣ≽ἄ␴䈑橼䘬䳬
⎰ˤ⛐忁㧋䘬ね㱩ᶳ炻⎗ẍ㈲ 3 ⻝䇴゛⁷ㆸᶨᾳ⚾⁷炻ᶨ∗㑚⃳䇴⯙⡻䷖⇘ 18 ⷭ⚾
⁷ˤ˭娚㚠ᷳ㇨ẍ␥⎵䁢ˬ冯ッ⚈㕗✎㚰䎫㻓㬍˭ 炻㬋㗗ẋ堐叿䓙ˬ湹㟫 4ˣ䲭㟫 Kˣ
㕡⟲ 3˭ᶱ⻝㑚⃳䇴㇨䳬ㆸ䘬⿒䔘⚾⁷ˤ

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厗婆㔯㔁⬠䞼䨞ġ

堐 3烉ˬ⮲⽟⿏˭
ˣˬ㦪忻˭
ˣˬ㤝⬱˭ᷳ⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤
ှᄬ ᖄགྷ კႽϯ/୏ᄊϯ
൧ቺ‫܄‬ ൧ʏቺʏЈɠғ ଚ൧Ȑကȑ Ԗቺ‫܈‬ӜቺϐΓۚ
Ԗቺ‫ޣ‬Ȑကȑ ύǴѰЋᖐ΋ଚ൧Ǵѓ
ғЈȐကȑ Ћᖐ஥ՈғЈ
኷ၰ ኷ʏၰ ᓪ៪Ȑॣȑ ၰูܺηǴѰЋᔏᓪᓐ
ၰูȐကȑ ៪‫ي‬
ཱུӼ ཱུʏζɠ㚩 ϼཱུკȐကȑ ζηᔎεЏಀǴѰЋᔏ
ζηᔎЏಀȐ‫׎‬ȑ ϼཱུკ

䔞䅇䶜姀ㅞ埻䘬➢㛔㈨ⶏ⼴炻ṢᾹὧ⁦⎹㕤⮯⣂䧖シ尉≈ẍ䚩Ἕˣ㽫䷖炻⎒
暨天↢䎦⸦ᾳ慵天䘬㍸䣢溆炻ὧ傥⣈⊦⺽崟ℐⷭ䔓朊ˤẍˬ⮲⽟⿏˭ᶱ⫿䁢ἳ炻
ẍ䫔Ḵ⫿ˬ⽟˭䁢ᷣ橼炻゛⁷ㆸˬ㚱⽟ᷳṢ˭
炻ⶎㇳ冱ˬ惺⮲˭
炻⎛ㇳ冱ˬⷞ埨䓇
炻㥳ㆸᶨⷭ勺娽娕䔘䘬䔓朊炷⍫夳⚾ 6炸
⽫˭ 炻ẌṢ䔁ᶳ㶙⇣⌘尉ˤ⇑䐒䩯䷥䳸ˬ圵
㚫㔠⎍˭ᷳ䩳尉⍇⇯炻ḹ烉ˬ忖㫚圵㚫㔠⎍ᷳシ炻⇯ẍᶨ尉ㆾḴ尉炻⎗娚ᶨ⎍Ḵ
⎍炻ẍ军ᶨḳ⣏㖐炻䃞⽭奒↯冒䃞炻⹞䴻ᷭᶵ⾀ˤ˭ġ

ġ
⚾ 6烉ˬ⮲⽟⿏˭ᶱ⫿ᷳ䳬⎰シ尉ġ

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 䩳尉姀⫿ȹ⽆˪大⚳姀㱽˫婾⇑䐒䩯䘬㻊⫿⬠佺䫾䔍ġ

ὅ㬌忚昶㕡㱽炻ᶵ⎗䓐ẍ姀墯暄㔠䚖炻Ṏ⎗䓐㕤側婎攟䭯䪈⎍ˣ姀℠㓭⎚
⮎ˤ⛐˪大⚳姀㱽炽⭂嬀䭯˫ᷕ炻⇑䐒䩯↿冱⣂⇯䭬ἳ炻㐀抬㔠ἳ⤪ᶳ烉

1. ӵ૶ȨΖίΐΜȩ
Ǵ߾а΋ίЊǴѰЋ࡭Ζΰജ‫ف‬Ǵ‫ୁځ‬΋ΓՉΜ‫ޣ‬ǴѰ
Ћඝΐ࿯ඬᘼǴӝԶຝϐǶ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:158炸
2. ӵ૶Ȩΐί΋Μ΋ȩ
Ǵ߾а΋ίЊǴѰЋᖐᆌǴ‫ୁځ‬΋ΓՉΜ‫ޣ‬ǴѓЋ࡭
炷㛙䵕拂 2001:158炸
ᛝᏼǴӝԶຝϐǴӢίΜϐ໔‫ޜ‬ԭǴࡺаΒΓղϐǶ
3. ӵа΋Γဃ৒ᏂܺǴ࡭қᘫ΋БǴયӛߎᛯ℉ύǴ਒ҥचၘǴ௙қߎΜ
‫ۓ‬Ǵһቋ‫؃‬୧ǴࢂຝΏ૶ȨԖऍҏ‫ܭ‬ථǴ㊩ᚾԶᙒፏǴ‫؃‬๓ሽԶ‫ݟ‬ፏȩ
ΟѡǶ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:158炸
4. ӵа΋࠻ᛥӈߎҏᒸᙇܺ‫ވ‬Ꮤ‫ڀ‬ǴύԖ΋ΓྕৰᏉۚǴ‫ืځ‬Ꮫ໔ΜҞΜ
ЋǴ៳ӵࡰຎǴࢂຝΏ૶ȨΜҞ‫܌‬ຎǴΜЋ‫ࡰ܌‬Ǵ‫ځ‬ᝄЯǻ൤ዎࡂǴቺ
ዎ‫ي‬ǴЈቨᡏऔȩϤѡǶȑ炷㛙䵕拂 2001:158炸

ᶨ㖎傥⣈䱦䅇ˬ圵㚫㔠⎍˭ᷳ⚾⁷⊾䶐䡤炻⌛⎗㓞ὧ㌟ᷳ㓰炻⇑䐒䩯ḹ烉
ˬ↉
姀娑㔯㚠∬炻ᶨ⤪㗗ἳ炻ㆾᶨḴ⎍炻ㆾᶱ⚃⎍ἄ尉㫉䫔⬱伖炻℞嗽䓂⮹炻℞姀䓂
⣂炻晾忋䭯䳗䈀炻㬲㖻㌺ⶫ炻ℤ㖻嬀⬀炻⌛„⾀ᶨḴ⫿炻℞⣏シ⯂⛐炻侴录⎗㻠
炷㛙䵕拂 2001:158炸
䳊炻庫ᷳ⫿⫿姀枻侭炻㈹⍰䯉㌟䞋ˤ˭
㬌⢾炻怬ῤ⼿ᶨ⼿䘬㗗炻奨⮇⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫⮵㻊⫿⼊橼䘬妋㥳冯倗゛炻
⎗䩢夳⇑䐒䩯ᷳ姕ỵˣ䩳尉炻䴻ⷠ䳸⎰冒幓䘬⬠埻⮰㤕⍲℞⮵ᷕ厗㔯⊾䘬娵䞍冯
䎮妋炻ἳ⤪⛐妋慳⛘㓗 12 ⫿㗪炻⎬⫿⛯ẍˬ㖍㘟˭ἄ䁢ᷣ橼炻惵⎰ᷕ⚳⋩Ḵ䓇
倾炻⤪ˬ⫸炻ᶨ滈椾㇜㖍㘟˭
ˣˬᶹ炻ẍ䈃奺攻㖍㘟˭
ˣˬ⭭炻ẍ嗶枭ㆠ㖍㘟˭ǾǾˤ
娎奨ẍᶳ㔠ἳ⎗䞍炻⇑䐒䩯ᶵ䅇嬨₺⭞℠䯵炻ᶼ⮵ᷕ⚳⁛䴙⣑㔯炷㷦₨ˣ䐯䑋ˣ
ᶱ⎘ℕ⹄炸ˣㆸ婆℠㓭炷慶Ṣ䌣剡ˣ㜙㕥㓰栘炸
ˣ㬟⎚Ṣ䈑炷ặ佚ˣ㜙㕥炸
ˣ㮹὿
䭨㯋炷⛇䈃彶㯋炸…䫱䚠斄䞍嬀烉

ϺǺ΋Γаᆅһᑍ෶ሺǴԶ⪭ᐳၮᙯό৲Ƕ
ࢃǺΟѠϤ಄ǴᔾᝬӧϺǴ΋Ρϻܳ२ࡰᓒǴऩԖ‫ૻ܌‬၄Ƕ
ഁǺ΋ξሻԴΓǴ૛ܺ‫׸‬ᇮǴ‫ٿ‬Ћ௙޷΋‫״‬ǴஒԖ‫܌‬᝘Ƕ
ҥࡾǺβФ߆਻Ǵયኬ‫ܭ‬රǶ
হǺҷᑢМФ२Γ‫ي‬ǴནЕယࣁՊ,ЋᔏΖ‫ړ‬კǴ‫ڗ‬ᑢ‫ړ‬ϪহǶ
ϊǺॷᗒࣁϊǴܿࡼਏᡮǴΓӅ༔ϐ

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婆妨ˣ㔯⫿ᶵ㗗⮎䓐䘬ⶍ℟炻㚜℟㚱Ṣ㔯䘬シ㵝ˤ⇑䐒䩯ẍ冒幓⮵ᷕ厗
㔯⊾䘬橼娵䁢➢䢶炻慵㕘妋㥳㻊⫿⼊橼侴岎Ḱ㕘䘬㥳忈䎮㒂炻⛐⬠佺㻊⫿䘬忶䦳
ᷕ炻ᶵ啱㬌㍸⋯⮵㻊⫿䘬姀ㅞ炻⎴㗪ḇ⻟⊾Ḯ冯ᷕ厗㔯⊾䘬忋䳸ˤ

5. ᩚ⍏ᰰℚ⁝Ꮚ₫ᑛ᭖⍆
㔯⫿冒⚾䔓㺼⊾侴Ἦ炻ᶲ⎌㗪㛇䘬尉⼊㔯⫿ˬ䔓ㆸ℞䈑炻晐橼娘娀˭炻ẍ⚾
䔓⺷䫮㱽㚠⮓炻⫿⼊炷傥㊯炸冯ḳ䈑炷㇨㊯炸攻℟㚱檀⹎䘬尉Ụ⿏炻㓭傥ˬ夾侴
⎗嬀炻⮇侴夳佑˭
ˤ⛐忈⫿ᷳ⇅炻㻊⫿ㅱ䔞⎬㚱℞㥳⼊䎮㒂炻⎒㗗⛐攟ᷭἧ䓐䘬
忶䦳ᷕ炻㚠⮓侭䁢徥㯪䴻㾇䚩≃ˣ⾓忇䯉㌟炻㻊⫿⼊橼徸㻠嵐⎹䯉╖⊾ˣ䶂㡅⊾炻
⍇㛔㶭㘘䘬忈⫿䎮㒂⚈ᷳ侴徸㻠溗㶉ᶼ嵐⎹⣙句ˤ㗪军Ṳ㖍炻㻊⫿⇅⥳䘬㥳⼊䎮
㒂㖑⶚晙㘎ᶵ㖶炻䎦ẋ㻊⫿⣂㔠⶚ㆸ䁢ảシ⿏䘬㉥尉姀嘇炻晾䃞䴻忶⍵⽑䶜佺炻
ṵ傥㟡㒂㻊⫿⼊橼彐娵⫿枛ˣ⫿佑炻Ữ⣏⣂傥ˬ䞍℞䃞˭炻侴㛒傥ˬ䞍℞㇨ẍ
䃞˭ˤ㖊䃞䎦ẋ㻊⫿⣂⶚⣙句㥳⼊䎮㒂炻⤪ỽ傥ˬ䞍℞㇨ẍ䃞˭烎⛐䃉㱽䡢↯侫
嫱䛇⮎䎮㒂⇵炻嬲忂䘬㕡㱽㗗ȹ妋㥳㻊⫿⼊橼炻岎Ḱ㕘䘬㥳⼊䎮㒂炻忁㬋㗗⇑䐒
䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫ˬ䩳尉姀⫿˭䘬⬠佺䫾䔍ˤġ
䷙ἧ⇑䐒䩯䘬姀ㅞ埻ˬ㛃㔯䓇妻˭炻䚳Ụ嘃⤬徟Ḫˣ勺娽ᶵ䴻炻Ữ⌣ᶵ傥⏎
娵㬌㱽䡢⮎㚱≑㕤㍸⋯㻊⫿嬨⮓傥≃ˤ⇑䐒䩯⛐䞕䞕⋩检⸜攻ὧ婎嬨⚃㚠Ḽ䴻ˣ
ẍ㻊⫿↢䇰叿ἄ炻䓂军傥堐㺼ˬᾺ側⤪㳩˭䘬⣯㈨炻⛯㗗姀ㅞ埻℟㚱⬠佺⮎㓰䘬
夳嫱ˤṲ㖍炻晐叿ᷕ厗㔯⊾䘬⽑冰冯ⳃ崟炻㫸伶Ṣ⢓ḇ攳⥳䅙堟⬠佺㻊⫿炻⇑䐒
䩯ˬ䩳尉姀⫿˭䘬㻊⫿⬠佺䫾䔍炻⛐⮵⢾㻊⫿㔁⬠ᶲ㗗⏎㚱ῤ⼿⍾㱽ᷳ嗽␊烎ῤ
⼿⿅侫ˤġ

5.1 ⬠佺暋溆ȹ⢾䯵䓇⬠佺㻊⫿䘬⚘暋ġ
⯙ẍ㻊婆䁢䫔Ḵ婆妨䘬⢾䯵⬠䓇侴妨炻㻊⫿⼨⼨㗗嬻⬠佺忚䦳 㺗䘬ˬ㒼嶗
嗶˭ˤ⛐⇅⬠㻊⫿昶㭝炻昌㻊⫿㔯⊾⚰䘬㖍杻䯵⬠䓇ᷳ⢾炻㘖念⮵㻊⫿⬠佺デ⇘
⚘暋炻⍇⚈ᶵ⢾᷶㗗烉㻊⫿朆㊤枛㔯⫿炻ᶼ㔠慷漸⣏ˣ䫮䔓䷩暄ˣ⼊Ụ⫿⣂ˣᶨ

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⫿⣂枛䫱ˤĴij䃞侴炻⇅⬠侭㊯↢忁ṃ⍇⚈炻℞⮎⎒夳⇘Ḯ⓷柴䘬堐尉炻䛇㬋⮶农
㻊⫿暋⬠䘬斄挝⛐㕤ȹ⫿⼊冯⫿枛ˣ⫿佑ᷳ攻䘬忋䳸仢᷷德㖶䎮㒂炻㓭⼨⼨倥⇘
⫿枛⌣䃉㱽⮓↢㬋䡢⫿⼊烊ㆾ䚳⇘⫿⼊炻⌣䃉㱽嬨↢㬋䡢⫿枛ˣ㖶䝕⫿⼊㊯䧙䘬
㤪⾝ˤ⯌℞㗗ˬ朆㻊⫿㔯⊾⚰˭䘬㫸伶Ṣ⢓炻㫈仢䣦㚫䑘⠫冯㔯⊾側㘗䘬䆣㝻炻
⮵㕤⬠佺㻊⫿䈡⇍デ⇘㢀ㇳ炻⇑䐒䩯⇅⬠㻊⫿㗪炻ὧ㚦㶙㶙橼槿忶⬠佺㬟䦳ᷳ则
⚘ˤġ
炻⎒㗗ˬ䞍忻˭(know)烊
ˬ䞍℞䃞˭ 炻ㇵ㗗ˬ䎮妋˭(understand)ˤ
ˬ䞍℞㇨ẍ䃞˭
ˬ䞍忻˭䴻ⷠ⎒㗗䞕㙓䘬姀ㅞ烊ⓗ㚱ˬ䎮妋˭ㇵ傥䈊姀ᶵ⾀ˤ⯙Ṣ栆䘬娵䞍⣑⿏
侴妨炻⣏儎㑭攟㕤㏄⮳ḳ䈑ᷳ攻斄倗冯夷⼳炻⮵㕤⍵⽑↢䎦ˣ㚱䎮⎗⽒䘬ḳ䈑炻
庫傥暞ᶳ㶙⇣⌘尉烊῀劍暞㗇„夳ˣ㶟Ḫ䃉⸷炻⼨⼨忶䚖⌛⾀ˣ⌘尉㴖㶢ˤ゛天
⬠⤥䫔Ḵ婆妨炻⽭枰姕㱽⻟⊾姀ㅞˣ⮵㈿怢⾀炻嬻䚳Ụảシ䃉⸷䘬⼊⺷ˣ夷⇯嬲
⼿㚱忻䎮ˤ⎴䎮⎗䞍炻⢾䯵⬠䓇劍゛天㍸⋯㻊⫿嬨⮓傥≃炻ḇ⽭枰⃰姕㱽嬻⫿⼊
冯⫿枛ˣ⫿佑ᷳ攻䘬忋䳸嬲⼿䨑⚢䈊月炻㕡傥忼⇘ˬ夳⫿䞍枛˭
ˣˬὅ⼊彐佑˭
ˣˬ倥
枛⼿⫿˭䘬䚖㧁ˤ䃞侴炻娚⤪ỽ姀ỷ⫿⼊冯⫿枛ˣ⫿佑ᷳ攻䘬忋䳸␊烎忁㬋㗗⇑
䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫㇨天⁛㌰䘬䦀始ˤġ

5.2 庼≑㕡㱽ȹ姀ㅞ埻䘬勺娽妋⫿㱽ġ
⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫㟡㒂冒幓䘬冒䓙倗゛炻⮯㻊⫿⼊橼≈ẍ㉮妋炻᷎慵㕘忚
埴⚾⁷⊾ᷳ䶐䡤炻ẍ夾奢⊾㕘⣯シ尉⻟⊾姀ㅞ炻㍸⋯㻊⫿䘬嬨⮓傥≃ˤ㬌䧖婒㔯
妋⫿䘬㧉⺷炻㬋㗗㳩὿⫿㸸⬠䘬℠✳ˤġ
姀ㅞ埻喲⏓叿㳩὿⫿㸸⬠䘬⚈⫸炻㳩὿⫿㸸⬠㖊ᶵ⎰᷶䥹⬠䱦䤆炻䓂军⎗傥
㶟㵮㻊⫿⍇シˣ⮵⬠佺侭䓊䓇⸚㒦ㆾ婌⮶炻晾䃞䞕㛇⎗䦵夳㓰䙲炻Ữ⌣⍵侴ᶵ⇑
㕤攟怈䘬⬠佺ˤ⚈㬌炻⮵⢾㻊⫿㔁⬠㗗⏎ㅱ䔞⺽ℍ姀ㅞ埻␊烎⬠侭ṵ㚱↮㬏䚳㱽ˤ
㒂㛶楁⸛炷2008:31炸䘬奨⮇烉㚱ᶨ㳦⬠侭ᷣ⻝⛐⮵⢾㻊⫿㔁⬠ᷕ≈ℍ὿妋炻ᶵ
⽭ὅ䄏㻊⫿⍇㛔䘬㥳忈䎮㒂炻㬌㳦䧙ᷳ䁢㕘婒㔯妋⫿㳦ㆾ㳩὿㔯⫿⬠㳦烊⎎ᶨ㳦
⬠侭➭㊩䵕嬟䥹⬠⿏⫿㸸⬠炻㤝䁢⍵⮵ᷣ奨晐シ嫃妋㻊⫿䘬⼊枛佑斄Ὢ炻䧙ᷳ䁢
⁛䴙㔯⫿⬠㳦ˤġ

32
䞛⭂㝄ˣ叔㤕楐炷1998:42-43炸㚦㕤 1997 ⸜ẍ⊿Ṕ婆妨㔯⊾⣏⬠℟㚱ᶱ⸜ẍᶲ㻊婆⬠
佺䴻槿䘬⢾⚳䔁⬠䓇䁢婧㞍⮵尉炻忚埴⮷夷㧉䘬㻊⫿㔁⬠婧㞍炻䳸㝄栗䣢烉ˬ朆㻊⫿
⚰˭䘬⢾䯵⬠䓇 22 Ṣ炻䃉ᶨἳ⢾炻ℐ悐娵䁢ˬ㻊⫿⼰暋˭ㆾˬ䚠䔞暋˭ ˤ㟡㒂⢾䯵⬠
䓇㇨䓛婒䘬䎮䓙炻㬠䲵↢⬠佺㻊⫿䘬⚘暋溆䁢烉㔯⫿橼䲣䘬㟡㛔ⶖ䔘ˣ⫿䫎普漸⣏ˣ
⫿枛晄䣁ˣ⫿⼊⚘㒦ˤ

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䥹⬠⫿㸸⬠ˣ㳩὿⫿㸸⬠Ḵ侭炻䚳Ụ⎴㧋⽆ḳ㻊⫿㥳⼊䎮㒂ᷳ㍊䨞炻Ữℑ侭
ᷳ攻⬀叿㝸ṃ䳘⽖ⶖ䔘炻勚⮵㭼Ḵ侭ᷳ㬏䔘炻⤪堐 4 ㇨䣢烉ġ

堐 4烉ˬ䥹⬠⫿㸸⬠˭冯ˬ㳩὿⫿㸸⬠˭ᷳ⮵㭼ġ
! ࣽᏢӷྍᏢ! ࢬ߫ӷྍᏢ!
ᢀᗺ! ࠼ᢀፕ᛾ǵߞԶԖቻ! ЬᢀᖄགྷǵᒿཀКߕ!
ၡ৩! ྉђǴӣ៝வђԿϞᄽᡂᐕำ! வϞǴ໻ᜢ‫ݙ‬྽Π‫ޑ‬౜ჴ‫!ݩރ‬
Ҟ኱! Ե᛾୤΋҅ዴ‫ޑ‬೷ӷҁက! ബ೷ӭᅿёૈ‫ޑ‬ᄬ‫׎‬౛Ᏽ!
ᇡ‫ !ޕ‬฽ฝࣁਜቪϡન! ฽ฝࣁ߄ကϡન!
ჹຝ! ᅇᏢ஑ৎ! ΋૓ဂ౲!
॥਱! ᝄ๘ಷख़! ၆ᒋབ‫!܁‬

䪁⛐⁛䴙㔯⫿⬠䩳⟜侴婾炻㳩὿⫿㸸⬠䡢⮎栗⼿暊䴻⎃忻ˣ⤾妨べ䛦炻Ữ⛐
㝸ṃ䈡㬲㗪㨇ˣ䈡⭂⟜➇炻㳩὿⫿㸸⬠Ṏ㚱℞ᶵ⎗㉡㹭䘬≇㓰ˤ婈⤪㛶叔䤷
炷1995:9炸㇨妨烉ˬ⮳㯪⎌Ṣ忈⫿シ嵋ˣ㶙徥⫿䘬㛔佑Ἦ婒炻⼊佑⬠䁢Ἓ烊⮵㕤
⭋⁛冒⶙䘬⿅゛ˣ奨溆␴嬀⫿㔁⬠Ἦ婒炻὿⼊佑⬠㚜䁢⮎よˤ˭⯙⮵⢾㻊⫿㔁⬠
侴妨炻姙⣂㚫炷2004炸㊩㬋朊ン⹎炻娵䁢㳩὿⫿㸸⬠啱䓙⚾⁷⊾䘬䶐䡤炻嬻⬠䓇
䘤㎖⣑楔埴䨢䘬冒䓙゛⁷炻徠䘤↢㕘⣯⿒䔘䘬⽫䎮シ尉炻↢Ṣシ堐ˣ娤媏㚱嵋炻
㌫昌㻊⫿⬠佺㝗䆍᷷␛䘬⌘尉炻ᶵ㽨䘤⬠䓇゛⁷≃炻ḇ㍸檀⬠佺㓰䌯ˤ
⍿⇘䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫䘬┇䘤炻昛⮷Ⱉ炷2015炸ẍὬ伭㕗㻊⫿⇅昶䳂⬠佺侭
䁢⮎槿⮵尉炻⮯⬠䓇↮ㆸ⮎槿䳬冯⮵䄏䳬炻⮎槿䳬ẍ姀ㅞ埻庼≑㻊⫿㔁⬠炻⮵䄏
䳬⇯ẍ⁛䴙㕡㱽㔁⬠炻䴻忶ᶨ㭝㗪㖍⼴炻㷔槿⬠䓇⮵㻊⫿䘬姀ㅞ炻䚳↢⮎槿䳬䘬
⬠佺ㆸ㓰㖶栗檀忶⮵䄏䳬ˤ䓙㬌⎗夳炻姀ㅞ埻⎗ẍ㚱㓰⋼≑⢾䯵䓇䨩䟜⬠佺暋溆炻
ㅱ⎗ἄ䁢⇅⬠昶㭝⮵⢾㻊⫿㔁⬠䘬庼≑㔁㱽ˤ䃞侴炻㳩὿⫿㸸⬠ḇ朆⬴伶䃉仢ˣ
忂埴䃉䣁炻⽭枰Ḯ妋℞ἧ䓐旸⇞ˤ㛶楁⸛炷2006炸娵䁢㳩὿⫿㸸⬠⎗傥⺽崟⬠䓇
拗婌栆㍐炻⮵㻊⫿妋㜸㫈仢䲣䴙⿏ˣᶨ农⿏炻㓭傥䔞ἄ庼≑䘬㔁⬠㈨ⶏ炻怑⎰
⛐⢾䯵䓇⇅⬠㻊⫿䘬昶㭝⮎㕥ˤ

6. ᶬ⅃
˪大⚳姀㱽˫㗗㘂㖶㗪㛇ᷕ大㔯⊾Ṍ㳩䘬䳸㘞炻⇑䐒䩯⮯⛐㫸㳚㇨⇘䘬⎌℠
姀ㅞ埻忳䓐⛐㻊⫿⬠佺ᶲ炻德忶⮵㻊⫿⼊橼䘬妋㥳ˣ慵㕘䶐䡤炻䁢㉥尉㻊⫿姀嘇

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岎Ḱ⼊尉⊾䘬䎮㒂炻啱ẍ㽨䘤倗゛ˣ⻟⊾姀ㅞˤ⇑䐒䩯ᶵẍ姀ㅞ埻㍸⋯⬠佺㻊
⫿䘬ㆸ㓰炻㚜ᷕ⚳⢓Ṣ⯽䣢Ḯ⌂⬠⻟姀ˣ忶䚖ᶵ⾀䘬ㇵ傥炻䌚⼿ᷕ⚳₺侭䘬娵⎴
冯⮲ⲯ炻嬻㖍⼴⁛㔁ả⊁⼿ẍ枮⇑⛘㍐⯽ˤ
ẍṲ㖍䛤⃱䚳炻⇑䐒䩯˪大⚳姀㱽˫䘬㻊⫿⬠佺䫾䔍炻℟㚱⣂⃫䘬シ佑冯₡
ῤ烉ᶨ⇯德忶⇑䐒䩯䘬妋婒炻ㆹᾹ⼿ẍ夳嬀⎌℠姀ㅞ埻䘬⍇䎮冯㕡㱽炻᷎ᶼ⽆ᷕ
䩢㍊⇑䐒䩯䘬娵䞍㟮㝞炻⍲℞⤪ỽ䘤㎖⣑楔埴䨢䘬゛⁷≃烊ᶨ⇯⮯⇑䐒䩯夾䁢朆
㻊⫿㔯⊾⚰⬠䓇⬠佺㻊⫿䘬℠䭬炻⿅侫⤪ỽẍ姀ㅞ埻ἄ䁢庼≑炻德忶㕘⣯歖㳣ˣ
䓇≽㚱嵋䘬㕡⺷炻㊯⮶暞崟溆䘬⢾䯵䓇⃳㚵⬠佺㻊⫿䘬⿸ㆤ炻⛐勓勓⫿㴟ᷳᷕ炻
㈦⇘ᶨ㡅㖊ὧ㌟⍰㚱嵋䘬⬠佺嶗⼹ˤ

፫ᏸ፲⚼!
䌳㜦㛐ˤ2007ˤ 炻䫔 10
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΀⮑㞍烉2019.2.21 ᾖ㓡烉2019.3.5 ㍍⍿烉2019.3.18΁

䌳㜦㛐
Song-Mu WANG
80201 檀晬ⶪ剻晭⋨␴⸛ᶨ嶗 116 嘇ġ ⚳䩳檀晬ⷓ䭬⣏⬠⚳㔯⬠䲣
Department of Chinese
National Kaohsiung Normal University
No. 116, Heping 1st Rd., Lingya Dist., Kaohsiung City 80201, Taiwan
t2497@nknucc.nknu.edu.tw

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Image Mnemotechnics: On the Chinese Character Learning

Strategies from Matteo Ricci’s Xiguo Jifa

Song-Mu WANG
Department of Chinese
National Kaohsiung Normal University

Abstract
The Chinese character is so complicated and difficult for both Chinese
students and foreign students. To enhance the efficiency of Chinese character
learning becomes a difficult task for teachers teaching Chinese as a foreign or
second language.
In the end of the 16th century, the Society of Jesus, pioneer of sinology,
has been deemed as a learning model of Chinese language for European
learners. Matteo Ricci (1552-1610), arriving in Macau in 1582 could
communicate with the Confucian scholars and write books in Chinese within
more than ten years. We observe that the success of Ricci's methods and
strategies in learning Chinese characters can be attributed to the
mnemotechnics from ancient Greece. With this understanding, the purpose of
this paper is two-fold: (i) to introduce Ricci’s Xiguo Jifa in an attempt to find
ways to improve efficiency of learning Chinese characters from cognitive
linguistic perspectives, and (ii) to investigate the cognitive mechanisms of
character image encoding in terms of Ricci’s reasoning on morphological
decomposition and reconstruction in order to apply to teaching Chinese as a
second or foreign language nowadays.ġ
ġ
Keywords: Chinese characters, Matteo Ricci, mnemotechnics, the motivation of the
form construction, Xiguo Jifa

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