PHYSICS-XII

1.8
kZe k Ze k 7a
learty, the radii of thepermitted orbits are propor- 2r 2r
1ne
tiomal to n" and increasein the ratio of 1:4:9: 16... k Ze 4 mk z2
numiber.
parameter n is called the principle quantum 2
the radius of the innermost orbit of the hydroge
atom, caBled Bohr's radius can be determined
by
2?4
(Using, equation (h
putting 2 1 and n =1 in equation (5) and
= it is denoted
EE, 2 mk
by or nh2
The negative value of the total energt

04T mke electron is bound to the nucleus by dicates that

requirednsto be
electrostatic attraction and some work is re
(6.63 x 10342 is
m done to pull it away from the nucleus.
4x9.11x 10- x9x10 x(1.6x10"
11.9 SPECTRAL SERIES OF HYDROGEN
=5.29 x10 m0.53Å. ATO
the orbital
9. On the basis of Bokr's theory, explain the n
Speed of electron. From equation (4), the variouS spectral series of hydrogen atom h o
speed of electron is
Spectral series of hydrogen atom. Fro
2Ttk Ze2 of electron in the
theory, the energy
an

nh orit o
hydrogen atom is given by
For hydrogen, Z =1, therefore, 27mmk3 z2 1
2 Tke221ke E h
nh ch
According to Bohr's frequency condition, whenever
an electron makes a ransition from a higher
or =a.
level n, to a lower energy level n the diferene
nce of
2 Tke dimensionless con-
The quantity a = is a
Nucleus
ch
stant and is called fine structure constant. Its value
is
Photon
27x9x 10x(1.6 x109 1 hv
3 x 10 x 6.63 x 10* 137
Electron
v 137'

Fig. 11.10 Emission ofa spectral line by a hydrogen atom.

For first orbit (n =1), 37
137
Thus the speed of the electron in the innermost energy appears in the form of a photon. The frequency
orbit is 1/137 of the speed of light in vacuum, while the vof the emitted photon is given by

speed in the outer orbits varies inversely with n. hv= E

Energy of the electron. It includes the electron's
kinetic energy and the electrostatic potential energy of
or hv= 2 mk 11
the two charges.
Kinetic energy of the electron in nth orbit is

K.E.=m=*[Usingequation ()] or V=
h3
Potential energy of the electron in nth orbit is As C=v, therefore wave number v, vhicn i3
P.E-12-kZe.(-e) kZe2 reciprocal of wavelength à, is given by

Hence total energy of the electron in nth orbit is 22mke1

K.E. + P.E.
E, =