TD 1 : Hydrostatic

A. A 4-m diameter circular gate (Figure below) is located in the inclined wall of
a large reservoir containing water. The gate is mounted on a shaft along its
horizontal diameter. For a water depth of 10-m above the shaft determine:
(a) the magnitude and location of the resultant force exerted on the gate by the
water, and
(b) the moment applied to the shaft and that could open the gate.

B. A pressurized tank contains oil (density 0.9) and has a square (0.-m by 0.6m)
plate bolted to its side, as illustrated in the figure below. When the pressure
gage on the top of the tank reads 50 kPa, what is the magnitude and location of
the resultant force on the attached plate? The outside of the tank is at
atmospheric pressure.
C. (Linear) regular pressure loss in pipes

Theorical recall
Equation of Darcy-Weisbach (1854,1845)
General law of (load) pressure loss as a function of h , p is :

expressed in mWC (meter of Water Column) if the fluid is water

( )
Otherwise :
with :
 : pressure loss coefficient
U : mean flow rate velocity (=Q/S)
Q : volumetric flow rate
S : pipe section
D : pipe diameter
L : pipe length
 is function of the Reynolds number and the relative roughness coefficient
ε/D :
- For Re < 2400, Poiseuille flow :  = 64.Re-1
- For Re > 2400, Blasius flow (smooth pipe) :  =0.3164.Re-1/4
Reynolds number Re = U.D/ν
with ν : kinematic viscosity of the fluid

In the system shown in the figure below, the BC pump must bring water from a
tank A to the tank D of a cottage located higher up. It is desired to ensure a flow
rate of water of 0.2 l/s at a temperature of 5° Celsius from reservoir A to
reservoir D. Section AB is made of rough concrete. We are free to choose the
material of the CD section (we opt for rough concrete also by default).
The calculations to be performed shall take into account the data in Table 1
(average roughness of commercial pipes), changes in the viscosity of water as a
function of temperature, the Moody-Nikuradse diagram or the Haaland
relationship ( 1983) :

Questions

• Calculate the linear pressure loss p of the pipe section AB. Calculate the
equivalent water column height.
• Calculate the linear pressure loss p of the pipe section CD. Calculate the
equivalent water column height.
• Considering the singular pressure losses as negligible compared to the
linear pressure losses, what is the total manometric height that the pump
must have to operate this installation.
• Calculate the theoretical minimum power to be supplied by the pump,
knowing that its efficiency is 80%.
• Assuming that this pump runs all year and the electricity price is 0.1€ for
one kW.h, calculate the amount spent for one year.
• Calculate the daily and annual supply volume of the cottage by the pump.
Does this seem to you to be consistent knowing that the average
consumption of French households is 150 litters per person per day, or
55 m3/year per person.
• Consider the results, comment on the assumptions made and analyse the
adequacy of the primary water supply of this cottage, and try to propose
alternatives.
 Diagram of the installation

Evolution of the water viscosity as a function of the temperature

(x 10-6 on the figure, so ν = 1,005 10-6 m2/s at 20°C)
Tableau 1: Mean roughness of commercial pipes
Moody - Nikuradse diagram