DEPARTMENT OF

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Activity Report – 1
on
PLANTATION

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering degree
in
Mechanical Engineering

By
Name: Adil Razak
USN: 1MS19ME010

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Vishwas D.K
(Assistant Professor)
Department of ME
M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore – 560054
 DEPARTMENT OF
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the AICTE activity, entitled “PLANTATION IN GOVERNMENT

SCHOOL” is a bonafide work carried out by Adil Razak (1MS19ME010) in partial
fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering
of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, during the academic year 2021- 2022
at Khazimakan Government Higher Primary School from 26.12.2021 to 01.01.2022 for 1
week. It is certified that all the corrections/suggestions indicated have been incorporated in the
report. The activity report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements.

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal

Dr. Vishwas D.K Dr. Raji George Dr. N V R Naidu
Assistant Professor HOD and Professor Principal
Dept of ME Dept of ME MSRIT
MSRIT MSRIT
Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognized by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B),
Accredited by NBA & NAAC

Ramaiah Institute of Technology

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DECLARATION

I, ADIL RAZAK, 1MS19ME010, hereby declare that the entire activity titled “Plantation”
embodied in this report has been carried out by me at Government Higher Primary School
from 26/12/2021 to 01/01/2022 for 1 week. The work embodied in this report is original
and it has not been submitted in part or full for any other degree in any University.

NAME: ADIL RAZAK USN: 1MS19ME010 Signature

Place: RIT, Bangalore

Date
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to place on record my acknowledgement of the following people who played an
instrumental role in the successful completion of the 50 Activity Point.

I would like to thank my proctor Dr. Vishwas D.K, Assistant Professor in the
department of Mechanical Engineering of MSRIT who guided me and motivated me in
completing this project on time.

I express my sincere thanks to Dr. N V R Naidu, Principal, MSRIT for providing me an

opportunity and means to present the project.

I would also like to express my deep appreciation to Dr. Raji George, Professor and Head
Of Department of MSRIT, for having provided us with all the necessary permissions for
carrying out this activity and for providing wonderful learning opportunities.
We thank the faculty of the department of ME, MSRIT, for their constant support and
encouragement.
I would also want to thank my family for providing me with all the financial help and
motivating me for completing this activity.
 ABSTRACT

Given the numerous advantages they provide to humanity, trees have played a significant role
in urban settings for millennia. Studies have shown that biodiversity protection improves
students' academic performance, but there is still little information available about how it can
advance environmental education. A descriptive-qualitative research design was used. Five
themes have been identified as a result of the qualitative data analysis, including:

(1) simple, yet valuable

(2) opportunities and restrictions

(3) real-world application of learning

(4) environmental awareness promotion

(5) mitigating environmental degradation

One of the best strategies to prevent and slow down the effects of global warming while
developing the academic interests of the kids is to incorporate tree planting activities into field
study programmes in schools.
 CONTENT

Chapter No. Title

1 Introduction
1.1 About Social Activity
2 Study on Activities on Societal Needs
3 Objectives of Social Activity
4 Advantages of Activity
5 Outcomes of Social Activity
6 Conclusion
 CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

A healthy ecology is absolutely necessary for the existence of human essence.

Our environment is made up of all elements, both living and non-living, and how they interact
in a natural setting. One of the most important concerns that must be addressed in the fight
against climate change and global warming is environmental protection. The world urgently
needs sustainable development if it is to avoid the effects of industrialization.

Air, minerals, plants, soil, water, and wildlife are all examples of the planet's natural resources.
Care and protection of these resources are necessary for their preservation for future
generations. It involves preserving the diversity of species, genes, and ecosystems in addition
to sustaining environmental services like nutrient cycling. While conservation and
preservation both pertain to the preservation of nature, they approach this goal in different
ways. Humans should be able to exploit nature sustainably for activities like mining, logging,
and hunting. while preservation refers to defending nature against exploitation.

Numerous fundamental environmental problems are severely affecting human existence.

Including concerns with pollution, deforestation, and desertification, as well as
overpopulation, water resources, ozone depletion, and global warming. The continued
existence of humanity is gravely threatened by all of these problems. It is pointless to anticipate
positive progress until environmental protection turns into a powerful mass movement,
particularly in the era of digital media, which has the power to spark a revolution and prevent
the destruction of our world.
Transplanting tree seedlings is known as "tree-planting," and it is typically done for forestry,
land reclamation, and landscaping purposes. It is distinct from arboriculture's transplantation
of larger trees and from the less expensive, slower, and less dependable dispersal of tree seeds.
Long-term contributions made by trees to their surroundings include oxygen production, better
air quality, a more favourable climate, water conservation, soil preservation, and the
maintenance of wildlife. Trees absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and turn it into
the oxygen we breathe.

Deforestation, soil erosion, and desertification in semi-arid regions are just a few of the
environmental problems that tree planting campaigns aim to address. environmental balance
and beauty as a result of global warming. The supply of oxygen increases as a result of trees'
ability to absorb harmful gases and release oxygen. A single tree releases 260 pounds of
oxygen annually on average. A fully grown tree can support 18 people on one acre of land for
a year, demonstrating the value of tree planting for humanity.
1.1 ABOUT THE SOCIAL ACTIVITY

Importance of Landscaping Method of Tree Plantation

We carry out this kind of plantation in metropolitan areas, which typically lack trees and other
vegetation. In addition, tree plantations make these areas desirable places to live. Additionally,
it improves the city's atmosphere.

Additionally, it creates a positive atmosphere and elevates the value of the location. It is the
simplest approach to make the area more beautiful. In the parks, trees are frequently planted.
Gardens, roadsides, societies, and communities in our time are intended to be reformed.

Additionally, it not only beautifies the surroundings but also offers a number of other
advantages and mitigates the heat. We should plant trees because they help with a number of
things, including producing oxygen, cleaning the soil, reducing noise pollution, reducing storm
water runoff, giving us shade, lowering the temperature and making the weather more pleasant,
acting as wind-barriers, preventing soil erosion, increasing property values, and giving a
variety of wild animals and birds a place to live.

Importance of Environmental Conservation

Working for environmental protection has become increasingly vital in modern times.

The following guidelines clarify this necessary requirement to prevent additional

environmental degradation:

 reduced air, water, and land pollution

 protection of biodiversity, conservation of natural resources for future generations
 sustainable development
 restoration of the ecological balance
 protection of our planet from the negative effects of global warming
 CHAPTER – 2

STUDY ON ACTIVITIES FOR SOCIETAL NEEDS

Process of Tree Plantation:

1. Planning: Right tree at the right place

Understand your property and the available space. Decide which locations you can
shade most successfully, and then pick the appropriate tree for that area.

The term "right tree" refers to a tree whose species, full-grown size, and planting
location are ideal for your house. To find out how tall your new tree will get and how
the species develops over time, consult our list of yard trees. When choosing the ideal
tree for your property, keep in mind the tree's eventual size.

"Right place" refers to a location where a tree has enough room to expand to its full,
mature height and where its root system may expand completely without obstructing
nearby utilities, underground pipes, or other structures. To save money and energy, don't
forget to plant trees to the west or east of your building.

2. Dig a proper planting hole

Once you choose the ready location and gather your planting hole-digging tools. Any
planting hole should be three times broader than the existing root mass and never deeper
than where the plant was previously growing.

Searching for the flare of the trunk close to the soil line when dealing with trees is an
even better indicator. Don't plant the tree in the hole so deeply that the flare is completely
hidden by earth. In actuality, even nurseries occasionally overwater their plants. Make
it a routine to check this.

3. Ensure the root ball is 1-2” above soil

 Planting shrubs and trees with up to 25% of their root balls elevated above the
surrounding soil. After that, spread a thick layer of mulch on top of the dirt and taper it
up to cover all the roots. Shrubs and trees planted at grade risk soon settling below grade
and succumbing to root rot or disease because newly disturbed soil has a tendency to
settle.

4. Loosen outside root from root ball

Examine the roots after taking the plant out of its container. Break up the pattern if they
are tightly arranged in a circle or have begun to take on the shape of the container (even
slightly).

It's crucial to stop this pattern right now. At this point, the largest error you can do is to
bury a rootbound plant in the ground as is. You've probably given the plant a gradual
death if you don't break the pattern. It will probably never build or realise even a small
portion of its potential.

Don't be concerned about damaging the roots or losing soil when you split or even cut
portions of the roots. Giving them a fresh start is preferable to letting the underground
constrictive pattern continue to deteriorate. Do what you must to stop the pattern, being
careful not to be any rougher than necessary.

5. Don’t amend the soil

Modern research suggests that you should not modify the hole with additional organic
material (unless you intend to amend the entire region where roots will eventually
grow), in contrast to conventional planting procedures. Rarely do roots from modified
soil penetrate the stonier native soil. A less resilient plant and a smaller root system are
the long-term effects.

Instead, simply remove the boulders, break up the dirt clumps, and backfill. According
to studies, plant roots grown only in native soil did a better job of establishing
themselves and spreading outside of the initial hole.
6. Eliminate air pockets
To guarantee proper soil-to-root contact, you could carefully tamp or hand-pack the dirt
around the plant roots. However, I prefer to add a stiff spray of water to the hole after
back-filling it halfway. Water not only provides the necessary hydration, but also aids
in removing air pockets that may otherwise lead to dead roots or even worse (without
compacting the soil too much). Once all of the soil is in place, water once more softly
but thoroughly.

7. Mulching
Conserves water and encourages strong root development. Mulch made of wood chips
can protect your tree from moisture extremes, keep weeds out, and lower temperature
by being spread around the base of the tree. The ideal depth for mulch is 2 to 4 inches,
covering as much of the tree's root system as you can. Mulch should be kept 4 to 6
inches away from the tree trunk.

8. Water properly, until established

The most crucial task you will have after planting is to ensure that trees and plants
receive adequate water until they are established. This may require several weeks,
months, or even a full year. But do not fret. This step of the procedure can be automated.

Deep, gradual irrigation is the secret to optimal plant establishment and watering. The
idea of doing that by hand is impractical. Only hoses that have been saturated or drip
irrigation can adequately develop trees through irrigation.

While preventing excessive runoff, the slow and deep irrigation allows the soil around
the roots to get saturated, giving the roots time to absorb the liquid. Short, manual water
blasts from a sprinkler system or overhead hose just cannot supply water with the same
efficiency.

I give newly planted plants a daily drink for about a week. I reduce my frequency to
around every other day over the following two weeks. From there, ease back gradually.
 With huge trees that arrive with burlap-wrapped root balls, there is a delicate line
between watering enough and watering too much. When these trees were taken out of
the earth, all of their feeder roots were gone. Water availability is essential for their
survival and establishment.

If the tree seems to be not responding well and you are continuously watering it, you
are probably overwatering. If the soil appears dry and the leaves are turning brown,
drying out, and dropping off, add more water.

In addition, soil that seems dry at the top may be quite damp a few inches below the
surface. Additionally, the inverse is accurate. Applying your investigative abilities
based on observation and being aware of how much or little you've been watering is
crucial.

9. Fertilizing
I advise against fertilising newly planted trees or shrubs until you are certain they have
successfully adapted to their new surroundings through effective establishment.

The development of the roots should receive all of your attention first. Use the "walk
before you run" strategy.

While the aforementioned stages are all crucial, the success of your tree planting will
ultimately depend on your active participation in watching for symptoms of distress in
newly planted trees over time. If you make any necessary adjustments in the moment,
you can probably stop a possible downward cycle and turn the tree into one that will
live a long and happy life.
 CHAPTER – 3
OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY

Objectives of tree plantation:

● To become self-reliant in meeting companies' pulpwood requirements and thereby

conserving the natural forest.

● To develop renewable and sustainable plantations in marginal and degraded lands.

● To educate and train the farmers about modern technology in farming.

Effects of tree plantation:

• Decrease global warming

• Produce oxygen

• Clean the soil

• Control noise pollution

• Shade and cool

• Act as windbreaks

• Fight soil erosion

What happens when there is no plantation?

FILTHY AIR: Without trees, the air would not be acceptable for breathing, making it
impossible for humans to thrive. People would need to create gas masks that filter the little
oxygen that would still be in the air, if anything. The carbon cycle, a worldwide process in
which carbon dioxide continuously circulates through the atmosphere into organisms and back
again, depends critically on trees. After water, carbon is the most valuable element you are
aware of. In any case, trees use photosynthesis to create energy by absorbing carbon from the
atmosphere. Following that, the carbon is either converted to oxygen and released into the
atmosphere or is kept inside the trees until they break down and become part of the soil. As a
result, there are much more carbon dioxide and less oxygen in the air when there are no trees.
In addition, the ambient air would be contaminated with nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide,
and carbon monoxide, and its temperature might rise by up to 12 F.

LIFELESS SOIL: If the air hadn't already wiped everyone off, deforestation's detrimental
impact on soil would be the next fatal result. Around 2.5 billion people rely on agriculture for
their livelihood, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. Adding to that, soil.
Because trees shield the land, harmful chemicals and contaminants that are typically blocked
by trees would be released into the soil. However, soil by SHOULD be unprotected, and one
more prevalent, rotected, and prone to reduction in soil quality and alent. Eventually, all the
soil will lose its variability, and agriculture will decline, leaving us with top soil nutrients.
People would starve due to soil erosion.

NO TREE-BASED Things: It stands to reason that if trees don't exist, there won't be any
products made from them. Without realising it, we use and discard paper every day,
contributing to the annual killing of four billion trees. There wouldn't be any paper, blocks,
benches, crutches, coffee filters, guitars, grocery bags, pencils, pine oil, beds, billboards,
buttons, fuelwood, charcoal, candy wrappers, chewing gum, cork, crayons, spices, egg cartons,
kites, linoleum, luggage, telephone books, tyres, bark, fibre, dyes, incense, latexes, oils, resins,
shellac, or tambourines due to global deforestation. There would also be no food produced
from trees, such as fruits, nuts, berries, and maple syrup. Other contemporary sources of
deforestation include increased agriculture, infrastructure development, conversion to crops or
grazing, and road building. Additionally, due to demographic pressures, financial incentives,
and internal social and political pressures, countries are compelled to accelerate the rate of
forest loss.
 CHAPTER – 4
ADVANTAGES OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY

Our survival depends on trees, which are an essential component of our planet. They give us
the air we need to breathe, shelter for the animals, and food. There is, however, a tonne more.

Positive Motives to Plant a Tree:

1. Trees combat climate change

Excess carbon dioxide (CO2) caused by many factors is building up in our atmosphere and
contributing to climate change. Trees absorb CO2, removing and storing the carbon while
releasing the oxygen back into the air. In one year, an acre of mature trees absorbs the amount
of CO2 produced when you drive your car 26,000 miles.

2. Trees clean the air

Trees absorb odours and pollutant gasses (nitrogen oxides, ammonia, sulfur dioxide and
ozone) and filter particulates out of the air by trapping them on their leaves and bark.

3. Trees provide oxygen

In one year, an acre of mature trees can provide enough oxygen for 18 people.

4. Trees cool the streets and the city

Average temperatures in Los Angeles have risen 6°F in the last 50 years as tree coverage has
declined and the number of heat-absorbing roads and buildings has increased.

Trees cool the city by up to 10°F, by shading our homes and streets, breaking up urban “heat
islands” and releasing water vapor into the air through their leaves.
 5. Trees conserve energy

Three trees placed strategically around a single-family home can cut summer air conditioning
needs by up to 50 percent. By reducing the energy demand for cooling our houses, we reduce
carbon dioxide and other pollution emissions from power plants.

6. Trees save water

Shade from trees slows water evaporation from thirsty lawns. Most newly planted trees need
only fifteen gallons of water a week. As trees transpire, they increase atmospheric moisture.

7. Trees help prevent water pollution

Trees reduce runoff by breaking rainfall thus allowing the water to flow down the trunk and
into the earth below the tree. This prevents stormwater from carrying pollutants to the ocean.

When mulched, trees act like a sponge that filters this water naturally and uses it to recharge
groundwater supplies.

8. Trees help prevent soil erosion

On hillsides or stream slopes, trees slow runoff and hold soil in place.

9. Trees shield children from ultraviolet rays

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. Trees reduce UV-B
exposure by about 50 percent, thus providing protection to children on school campuses and
playgrounds - where children spend hours outdoors.

10. Trees provide food

An apple tree can yield up to 15-20 bushels of fruit per year and can be planted on the tiniest
urban lot. Aside from fruit for humans, trees provide food for birds and wildlife.
 11. Trees heal

Studies have shown that patients with views of trees out their windows heal faster and with
fewer complications. Children with ADHD show fewer symptoms when they have access to
nature. Exposure to trees and nature aids concentration by reducing mental fatigue.

12. Trees reduce violence

Neighbourhoods and homes that are barren have shown to have a greater incidence of violence
in and out of the home than their greener counterparts. Trees and landscaping help to reduce
the level of fear.

13. Trees mark the seasons

Is it winter, spring, summer or fall? Look at the trees.

14. Trees create economic opportunities

Fruit harvested from community orchards can be sold, thus providing income. Small business
opportunities in green waste management and landscaping arise when cities value mulching
and its water-saving qualities. Vocational training for youth interested in green jobs is also a
great way to develop economic opportunities from trees.

15. Trees are teachers and playmates

Whether as houses for children or creative and spiritual inspiration for adults, trees have
provided the space for human retreat throughout the ages.
 16. Trees bring diverse groups of people together

Tree plantings provide an opportunity for community involvement and empowerment that
improves the quality of life in our neighbourhoods. All cultures, ages, and genders have an
important role to play at a tree planting or tree care event.

17. Trees add unity

Trees as landmarks can give a neighbourhood a new identity and encourage civic pride.

18. Trees provide a canopy and habitat for wildlife

Sycamore and oak are among the many urban species that provide excellent urban homes for
birds, bees, possums and squirrels.

19. Trees block things

Trees can mask concrete walls or parking lots, and unsightly views. They muffle sound from
nearby streets and freeways and create an eye-soothing canopy of green. Trees absorb dust and
the wind and reduce glare.

20. Trees provide wood

In suburban and rural areas, trees can be selectively harvested for fuel and craft wood.

21. Trees increase property values

The beauty of a well-planted property and its surrounding street and neighbourhood can raise
property values by as much as 15 percent.
 22. Trees increase business traffic

Studies show that the more trees and landscaping a business district has, the more business
will flow in. A tree-lined street will also slow traffic – enough to allow the drivers to look at
the store fronts instead of whizzing by.
 CHAPTER – 5

OUTCOMES OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY (Gallery)

 CHAPTER – 6

CONCLUSION

We acknowledge that the current situation's most important problem is the declining value of
trees. In the future, we must focus more on tree planting if we want to make our environment
greener and better. It is important to start with individual contributions. Additionally, we ought
to cease cutting down trees and keep in mind that there wouldn't be any life without them.

The tree plays a significant role in our lives. Everyone should be aware of the significance of
planting trees, and they should inspire and urge others to do the same.