CHT-335

Distillation
1. Define Henry's Law and give its mathematical form.
According to law, the partial pressure of component over a solution in directly Proportional to its mole fraction
in liquid phase.
At constant temperature & pressure. P∝X
2. Define Relative volatility.
The ratio between volatility of one component and volatility of second component. It is donated by α (alpha).
3. Define Distillation and give its type.
Distillation is a simplest way of separation of liquid mixture by boiling and collecting the vapors in nearly pure stale as
it condenses. Types.
1. Differential distillation or simple distillation 3. Fractionating distillation or rectification
2. Equilibrium distillation or flash distillation 4. Extractive distillation.
4. What do you mean by the term "Rectification"?
A part of condensate is returned back to the column liquid contact Such a way that this retuning is bought into
counter current intimate with the rising vapors.
5. Enlist four products of petroleum distillation.
1. LPG 2. Diesel 3. Kerosene 4. Gasoline
6.Write down two factors which effects distillation column operating condition.
1. Feed condition. 3. wet feed
2. Reflux condition. 4. Column diameter
7. Enlist type of distillation column.
1. Bubble cap tray 3. Valve tray
2. Sieve tray 4. Baffle tray
8. Enlist type of trays used in distillation column.
1. Difference in boiling point. 2. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
9. Write two basic requirements for distillation.
1. A mixture with substances having different boiling points.
2. Equipment for heating the mixture to vaporize it and for condensing the vapor back into liquid form.
10. Give two differences between distillation and evaporation.
Distillation Evaporation
Distillation is a process of separating components in a Evaporation is a process where a liquid changes into
liquid mixture based on differences in their boiling vapor or gas state at a temperature below its boiling point.
points.
Separating alcohol from water in a mixture of the two by Drying clothes in sunlight where water molecules on the
heating the solution and collecting the vapor of alcohol fabric's surface absorb energy from the sun and change
which has a lower boiling point. into vapor, leaving the clothes dry.
11. Define Raoult's law with mathematical form.
At constant temperature that partial pressure of one component of mixture in equal to product of vapor
pressure of its mole fraction in liquid phase. p=PX
12. Why sieve plates columns are known as sieve plate also give types of sieve plates?
Sieve plate columns are known as named for their plates that act like sieves, allowing vapor to pass through
while holding back liquid.

 Simple sieve plate with bole  Valve plate

 Bubble cap
13. Draw diagram for rectifying column.

14. What do you mean by term "Azeotropic" distillation?

Azeotropic distillation a method used to separate liquids that form azeotropes, which are mixtures that boils at
constant temperatures. It involves using additional agents to break these mixtures to separate.
15. What is function of plate column?
It is used for Separate liquids in a mixture. It works by letting vapors rise through the column and meet liquid
on the plates.
16. Give advantages of packed column.
1. It offers efficient separation 3. Versatility
2. lower pressure drops
17. What is entertainment?
Entrainment is when liquid droplets are accidently carried along with vapor in a separation process, potential
affecting the purity of desired product.
18. What is packing density?
Packing density refers to the ratio of the volume occupied by particles in a packed bed to the total volume of
the bed. It represents how efficiently the particles are packed together within a given space.
19. Why down commer is used?
The down comer is used in distillation columns to ensure smooth flow of liquid from one tray to another, aiding
in efficient separation of components.
20. What is extraction distillation?
Extraction distillation is a method that first extracts desired substances from a mixture using a liquid solvent,
and then purifies them further through distillation.
21. What equipment’s used for leaching of fine solid?
The equipment commonly used for leaching of fine solids includes agitated tanks or percolators.
22. Write the part name of basket type extractor.
1. Bucket 3. Drain Valve 5. Handle
2. Perforated Plate 4. Lid
22. What is decantation system used in extraction.
Decantation in extraction is like pouring off the top layer of liquid to separate it from the heavier bottom layer.
23. Enlist name of equipment’s used for liquid-liquid extraction.
1.Baffle plate tower 2.Spray tower 3.Aggitated Extraction tower 4.Pulse tower