JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

Quadratic Equations
Single Correct Questions
1. The least non-negative integral value of 𝜆 for which the equation 2x2 - 2(2𝜆 + 1)x + 𝜆(𝜆 + 1) = 0
has one root less than 𝜆 and other root greater than 𝜆, is equal to :
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
2. The values of ‘a’ for which the quadratic expression ax2 + (a - 2)x - 2 is negative for exactly
two integral values of x, belongs to
(a) [-1, 1] (b) [1, 2) (c) [3, 4] (d) [-2, 1)
3. The number of integral values of a for which the quadratic expression (x - a)(x - 10) + 1 can be
factorised as (x + ⍺) (x + β) where ⍺, β ∈ I.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
4. If 4x + 6x = 9x , then the value of x is

(a)
(
ln 5 − 1 + ln 2 ) (b)
ln ( )
5 − 1 + ln 2
ln 2 − ln 3 ln 2 − ln 3

(c)
ln ( )
5 − 1 − ln 2
(d)
ln ( )
5 − 1 + ln 2
ln 2 − ln 3 ln 3 − ln 2

( ) ( )
x 2 − 2 x +1 x 2 − 2 x −1 4
5. Solutions of 2 + 3 + 2− 3 =
2− 3
(a) 1  3,1 (b) 1  2,1 (c) 1  3, 2 (d) 1  2, 2
6. Let f(x) be a function such that f(x) = x – [x], where [x] is the greatest integer less than or equal
1
to x. Then the number of solutions of the equation f (x) + f   = 1 is (are)
x
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) Infinite
7. Let f(x) = x2 + λx + μcos x, λ being an integer and μ a real number. The number of ordered
pairs (λ, μ) for which the equations f(x) = 0 and f(f(x)) = 0 have the same (non-empty) set of
real roots is
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) Infinite

8. Let a, b, p, q ∈ Q and suppose that f(x) = x2 + ax + b = 0 and g(x) = x3 + px + q = 0 have a

common irrational root, then
(a) f(x) divides g(x) (b) g(x) ≡ xf(x)
(c) g(x) ≡ (x - b - q) f(x) (d) g(x) = x2f(x) + 1

9. If ⍺, β are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 such that β < ⍺ < 0, then the quadratic
equation whose roots are |⍺|, |β|, is given by
(a) |a|x2 + |b|x + |c| = 0 (b) ax2 - |b|x + c = 0
(c) |a|x2 - |b|x + |c| = 0 (d) a|x|2 + b|x| + |c| = 0
10. If roots of the equation x4 − 12x3 + bx2 + cx + 81 = 0 are positive, given that b and c are rational
then value of b − c is
(a) 162 (b) -54 (c) 54 (d) -162
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

11. Let p, q be integers and let ⍺, β be the roots of the equation, x2 - x - 1 = 0, where ⍺ ≠ β.
For n = 0, 1, 2, …, let an = p⍺n + qβn. Then a12 =
(a) a11 + 2a10 (b) a11 + a10 (c) a11 - a10 (d) 2a11 + a10

Multiple Correct Questions

12. Consider, f (x) = x2 + 𝜆x + a2 + a + 1, where a, 𝜆 ∊ R. Identify correct statement(s) about f (x).
(a) Least positive integral value of 𝜆 for which f (x) = 0 has real roots for some real value of ‘a’ is 2
(b) If 𝜆 = 2 then set of value of a for which f (x) = 0 has real roots is [-1, 0]
(c) If both the roots of the equation f (x) = 0 and 2x2 - x + 6 = 0 are identical the sum of all
possible values of ‘a’ is (-1)
(d) If f (1 + x) = f (1 - x) ∀ x ∈ R, then 𝜆 = 2

13. The equation |x2 – x – 6| = x + 2 has :

(a) two positive roots (b) two real roots
(c) three real roots (d) four real roots
14. If a, b, c are rational numbers (a > b > c > 0) and quadratic equation
(a + b – 2c) x2 + (b + c – 2a) x + (c + a – 2b) = 0 has a root in the interval (-1, 0) then which of
the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) a + c < 2b (b) both roots are rational
(c) ax + 2bx + c = 0 have both roots negative (d) cx2 + 2bx + a = have both roots negative
2

15. Let a1  a2  a3  a4  a5  a6 ; p = a1 + a2 + a3 + .... + a6 ;

q = a1 a3 + a3 a5 + a5 a1 + a2 a4 + a4 a6 + a6 a2 ; r = a1 a3 a5 + a2 a4 a6 , then the equation
2 x 3 − px 2 + qx − r = 0 has
(a) one root between ( a1 , a2 )
(b) two roots between ( a1 , a3 )
(c) two roots lies between ( a1 , a4 )
(d) two roots lies between ( a3 , a5 )

16. The set ‘S’ of all real ‘x’ such that ( x 2 − x + 1)

x −1
 1 contains
(a) (-5, -1) (b) (-1, 1) (c) (-1, 0) (d) (-3, 1)

Passage type Questions

17. Passage: Let f(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + ax + 1 be a polynomial where a and b are real numbers,
then
(i) If f(x) = 0 has two different negative roots and two equal positive roots, then the least
integral value of a is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) -2 (d) 4

(ii) If all the roots are imaginary and b = -1 then number of all possible integral values of a is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

Numerical type Questions

18. The number of irrational solutions of the equation x 2 + x 2 + 11 + x 2 − x 2 + 11 = 4 is ..........
19. The number of roots of the equation 2x + 2x-1 + 2x-2 = 7x + 7x-1 + 7x-2 is ____.
20. If x 2 − 2 pS x + s = 0, s = 1, 2,3 are three equations of which each pair has exactly one root common
and no root is common to all three equations, then the number of solutions of the triplet ( p1 , p2 , p3 ) is
21. Let f(x) = 2x3 – 6x + 1. Then number of real roots of equation f(f(x)) = 0 are ________

Sequence & Series

Single Correct Questions
22. If log (a + c), log(a + b), log(b + c) are in A.P. and a, c, b are in H.P., then the value of a + b is
(given a, b, c > 0).
(a) 2c (b) 3c (c) 4c (d) 6c
23. If a1, a2, a3, ….., are in arithmetic progression, then S = a12 - a22 + a32 - a42 + …….. - a2k2 is
equal to:
k 2k
(a) ( a12 − a22k ) (b) ( a22k − a12 )
2k − 1 k −1
k
(c) (a12 − a22k ) (d) none of these
k +1
n
(log e 10) n
24. If an =  , n  0 then a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 + …..  is equal to
k = 0 k !( n − k )!

(a) 10 (b) 102 (c) 103 (d) 104

2
25. Minimum value of m2 + +5
m +2
2

(a) 3 + 2 2 (b) 5 + 2 (c) 5 (d) 6

26. The sequence {x1, x2, …, x50} has the property that for each k, xk is k less than the sum of other
49 numbers. The value of 96x20 is
(a) 300 (b) 315 (c) 1024 (d) 0
27. If S1, S2, S3,…, Sn are the sum of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1,3,5,…, (2n -1)
2 2 2
and whose common ratios are , ,....., respectively, then
3 5 2n + 1
 1 1 1 
 + + + ...... upto infinite terms  =
 S1S2 S3 S2 S3 S4 S3 S4 S5 
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15 60 12 3

28. If log 2 4 , log 2 8 and log3 9k −1 are consecutive terms of a geometric sequence, then the number
of integers that satisfy the system of inequalities x2 – x > 6 and |x| < k2 is :
(a) 193 (b) 194 (c) 195 (d) 196
5
29. The minimum value of the expression 2 x + 2 x +1 + , x  R is :
2x
(a) 7 (b) (7.2)1/7 (c) 8 (d) (3.10)1/3
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

(4r + 5)5− r
30. The value of 
r =1 r (5r + 5)
is :

1 2 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 25 25

31. If a, b, c, d & p are distinct real numbers such that

(a2 + b2 + c2) p2 - 2(ab + bc + cd) p + (b2 + c2 + d2) ≤ 0, then a, b, c, d
(a) are in A.P. (b) are in G.P.
(c) satisfy ab = cd (d) none of these
32. In a GP, the sum of three consecutive terms is 38. If 1 is added to the first and second term and 1
is subtracted from the third term, the resulting numbers are in AP, then the smallest of the three
numbers is______.
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 8 (d) 18
33. The sum of each of two sets of three terms in A.P. is 15. The common difference of the first set
is greater than that of the second by 1 and the ratio of the products of the terms in the first set and
that of the second set is 7 : 8. The ratio of the smallest terms in two sets of terms is
(a) 3/4 or 11/12 (b) 2/3 or 1/2 (c) 2/3 or 3/4 (d) 18

Multiple Correct Questions

34. If 3 positive real numbers a, b, c are in A.P with abc = 4 then [b] can be equal to
(where [.] represents the integral part)
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
35. Three numbers in A.P. with common difference ‘d’ are removed from first n natural numbers
43
and average of remaining number is found to be then ordered pair (n, d) can be
4
(a) (19, 5) (b) (19, 2) (c) (23, 5) (d) (19, 8)
36. Given that the equation x4 + px3 + qx2 + rx + s = 0 has four positive roots, then
(a) pr - 20s ≤ 0 (b) q2 - 40s ≥ 0
(c) pr - 16s ≥ 0 (d) q2 - 36s ≥ 0
3 5 7 9
37. Let Sn be the sum to n terms of the series + 2 + 2 + 2 + ….. then
1 1 + 2 1 + 2 + 3 1 + 2 + 32 + 4 2
2 2 2 2 2

100 1001
(a) S5 = 5 (b) S50 = (c) S1001 = (d) S = 6
7 97
38. The product of two positive real numbers a and b is 192. The quotient of A.M. by H.M. of their
169
gcd and LCM is . The smaller of a and b can be
48
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 12

39. If an is number of ways to split positive integer ‘n’ in all possible ways, for example a3 = 4 as
3 can be splitted as 1 + 1 + 1, 2 + 1, 1 + 2 and 3. Then
(a) an = 2n − 4an−2 (b) an = an −1 + an − 2 ; n  2
(c) an = an −1 + 2an − 2 ; n  2 (d) an = 2n−1
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

Passage Type Questions

40. Passage: Let ABCD is a unit square 0 < ⍺ < 1 each side of the square is divided in the ratio
⍺ : 1 - ⍺ as shown in figure. These points are connected to obtain another square. The sides of
new square are divided in the ratio ⍺ : 1 - ⍺ and points are joined to obtain another square.
The process is continued indefinitely. Let an denote the length of side and An the area of the nth
square.

1 1
(i) If  = , then least value of n for which An  is
3 10
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7

8
(ii) The value of ⍺ for which A
n =1
n =
3
is
1 2 1 4 1 3 1
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d)
3 3 5 5 4 4 2

(iii) The value of ⍺ for which side of nth square equal to the diagonal of (n + 1)th square is
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 2 2

Numerical Type Questions

41. The sum of the terms of an infinitely decreasing GP is equal to the greatest value of the function
f(x) = x3 + 3x – 9 when x [−4,3] and the difference between the first and second term is f ’(0).
p
The common ratio r = where p and q are relatively prime positive integers. Find (p + q).
q
42. Let a1 , a2 , a3 ,....., an be real numbers in arithmetic progression such that a1 = 15 and a2 is an
10 n
integer. Given  (a )
r =1
r
2
= 1185. If Sn =  ar and maximum value of n is N for which S n  S( n −1) ,
r =1

then find N – 10.

43. If ab2 c3, a2 b3 c4, a3 b4 c5 are in A.P. (a, b, c > 0), then the minimum value of a + b + c is ___.
1 1 1 
0.25  log + + + upto 
 2 6 10  ( )  3 32 33 
44. If the value of 1 + + 2 + 3 +  upto   is l , then l 2 is equal to ___.
 3 3 3 
45. Let a1, a2, a3, … be a sequence of positive integers in arithmetic progression with common
difference 2. Also, let b1, b2, b3, … be a sequence of positive integers in geometric progression
with common ratio 2. If a1 = b1 = c, then the number of all possible values of c, for which the
equality 2(a1 + a2 + … + an) = b1 + b2 + … + bn holds for some positive integer n, is____.
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

Answer Key
Quadratic Equations
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b)

4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (d)

7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (c)

10. (b) 11. (b)

12. (a), (b), (c) 13. (a), (c) 14. (a), (b), (c), (d)

15. (a), (c) 16. (a), (c)

17. (i) (a) (ii) (b)

18. 2 19. 1 20. 2 21. 9

Sequence and Series

22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (b)

25. (d) 26. (b) 27. (b)

28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (a)

31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (a)

34. (a), (b), (c), (d) 35. (a), (b) 36. (c), (d)

37. (a), (b), (d) 38. (b), (d) 39. (c), (d)

40. (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (c)

41. 5 42. 6 43. 3

44. 3 45. 1
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

Solutions
Quadratic Equations

1.
 lies between the roots
 f ( )  0
 2 2 − 2(2 + 1) +  ( + 1)  0
 − 2 −   0
 2 +   0
  −1 or  0
 Least non-negative integral value of  is 1

2.
Let f ( x ) = ax 2 + ( a − 2 ) x − 2
f ( x ) is negative for two integral values of x, so graph should be vertically upward parabola
i.e., a  0
− ( a − 2)  ( a + 2)
Let two roots of f ( x ) = 0 are  and  then  ,  =
2a
2
  = −1,  =
a
1   2
2
1 2
a
 a  1, 2

3.
(x – a) (x – 10) + 1 = (x + ⍺)(x + β)
Putting x = -⍺ in both sides (-⍺ - a) (-⍺ - 10) + 1 = 0.
∴ (a + ⍺) (⍺ + 10) = -1
⍺ + a and ⍺ + 10 are integers (∵ a, ⍺ ∈ I)
(i) If ⍺ + 10 = 1, ⍺ = -9 then a = 8
Similarly β = -9, Here (x – 8)(x – 10) + 1 = (x – 9)2
(ii) If ⍺ + 10 = -1
⍺ = -11 then a = 12, similarly β = -11
Here (x – 12) (x – 10) + 1 = (x – 11)2

4.
4x + 6x = 9x
x x
4 2
   +  =1
9 3
x
2
Put   = y
3

 y2 + y −1 = 0
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

−1  5 5 −1
x
2
y=   =
2 3 2

x=
ln ( )
5 − 1 − ln 2
ln 2 − ln 3

5.

( ) ( )
x 2 − 2 x +1 x 2 − 2 x −1 4
2+ 3 + 2− 3 =
2− 3

(2 + 3) + (2 − 3 )
x2 − 2 x x2 −2 x
=4

(2 + 3) + (2 − 3) = 4
 x 2 − 2 x = 1
 ( x − 1) = 2, 0
2

 x = 1  2,1.
6.
Given, f ( x) = x −  x  , x  R − {0}

1
Now, f ( x) + f   = 1
x
1 1
 x − [ x] + − =1
x  x 

 1  1
  x +  −  [ x] +    = 1
 x  x

 1 1
  x +  = [ x] +   + 1
 x x
Clearly, R.H.S in an integer
 L.H.S is also an integer …..(i)
1
Let x + = k be an integer
x
 x 2 − kx + 1 = 0
k  k2 − 4
x =
2
For real values of x, k 2 − 4  0
 k  2 or k  −2
We also observe that k = 2 and -2 does not satisfy equation (i)
 The equation (i) will have solutions if k > 2 or k < -2, where k  z.
Hence equation (i) has infinite number of solutions.
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

7.
Let ⍺ be a root of f(x) = 0, so we have f(⍺) = 0 and thus f(f(⍺)) = 0
⇒ f(0) = 0
⇒μ=0
We then have f(x) = x(x + λ) and thus ⍺ = 0, -λ
f(f(x)) = x(x + λ) (x2 + λx + λ)
we want λ such that x2 + λx + λ has no real roots besides 0 and -λ.
We can easily find that 0 ≤ λ < 4.

8.
Let ⍺ ∈ R – Q be a common root of f(x) = 0 and g(x) = 0. Then ⍺2 = -a⍺ - b.
Substituting this in ⍺3 + p⍺ + q = 0, we get
(a2 – b + p) ⍺ + ab + q = 0
As ⍺ is irrational and a, b, p, q ∈ Q, p = b – a2, q = -ab.
This gives, g(x) = (x – a) f(x).

9.
Since,  and  be the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then
b c
 +  = − and  =
a a
Now, sum of roots =  + 
= −  −  (     0)
 b b
= −−  = (     0)
 a a
c
and product of roots =   =
a
Hence, required equation is
b c
x2 − x + =0
a a
 a x2 − b x + c = 0

10.
Let roots of x 4 − 12 x3 + bx 2 + cx + 81 = 0 be  , , ,
 Sum of the roots is  +  +  +  = 12
and Product of the roots is  = 81
We know that AM  GM and equality holds when all the elements are equal
 +  + + 1
  ( ) 4
4
 +  + + 1
Since, = 3 and ( ) 4 = 3
4
 =  = =  =  = = = 3
Now, b =  = 6  9 = 54
c = − = −4  27 = −108
So, b − c = 54 + 108 = 162
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

11.
 2 − −1 = 0
  12 =  11 +  10 .....(i )
and  12 =  11 +  10 .....(ii )
Multiplying (i) by p and (ii) by q and then adding,
a12 = a11 + a10

12.
(A) D  0   2 − 4(a 2 + a + 1)  0
 1  3
2

  2  4  a +  + 
 2  4 
 2  3
 2  3

(B) For  = 2
D = 4 – 4 (a2 + a + 1)  0
 a   −1,0

1  a2 + a + 1
(C) = =
2 −1 6
a +a−2=0
2

 (a + 2)(a − 1) = 0
 a = −2,1

b −
(D) − =1=
2a 2
  = −2

13.

14.
f ( x) = (a + b − 2c) x 2 + (b + c − 2a ) x + (c + a − 2b) = 0
 f (1) = 0

(a) If a > b > c > 0

 a + b  2c
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

f (0) = a + c – 2b < 0

(c) g ( x) = ax 2 + 2bx + c = 0

g(0) = c > 0
g(-1) = a – 2b + c < 0
(d) cx 2 + 2bx + a = 0

15.

16.

17.
(i) The two equal positive roots must be 1, 1
1
and let the negative roots be  , (  1)

JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

1
Now, -a = 2 +  +

1
 a = − − −20

∴ The least integral value is ‘1’
1
(ii) Given equation is t2 + at – 3 = 0 where t = x +
x

both roots must lie between -2, 2

−1 1
 a
2 2

a=0

18.

Put x 2 + 11 = t so that x 2 + x 2 + 11 + x 2 − x 2 + 11 = 4

 t 2 + t − 11 + t 2 − t − 11.....(1)

 (t 2 + t − 11) − (t 2 − t − 11) = 2t …...(2)

Dividing (1) by (2), we get

t
t 2 + t − 11 − t 2 − t − 11 = .....(3)
2

Adding (2) and (3), we get

t
2( t 2 + t − 11) = 4 +
2

t2
 t 2 − t − 11 = 4 + t +
16
t =4
x= 5

19.
2 x + 2 x −1 + 2 x −2 = 7 x + 7 x −1 + y x −2

 1 1  1 1
 2 x 1 + +  = 7 x 1 + + 2 
 2 4  7 7 
x −2
7  57   7   7 
 2   = 7x     
x
= 
4  59   2   57 

7  7 
 ( x − 2)log   = log  
 
2  57 

 7 
log  
 x = 2+  57 
7
log  
2
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

20.

21.

Sequence and Series

22.
log (a + c) + log (b + c) = 2 log (a + b)
(a + c) (b + c) = (a + b)2
 ab + c(a + b) + c2 = (a + b)2 …….(1)
2ab
Also, c =  2ab = c(a + b)
a+b
 2ab + 2c(a + b) + 2c2 = 2(a + b)2 ……(2)
From (1) and (2)
c(a + b) + 2c(a + b) + 2c2 = (a + b)2
2(a + b)2 – 3c(a + b) – 2c2 = 0
3c  9c 2 + 16c 2 3c  5c c
a + b = = = 2c or –
4 4 2
 a + b = 2c ( a, b, c  0)

23.
S = − d (a1 + a2 + .... + a2 k ) , where d is common difference
2k
S = −d . .(a1 + a2 k ) = −kd (a1 + a2 k ) .....(1)
2
Now, a2 − a1 = d
a3 − a2 = d
.
.
.

a2 k − 22 k −1 = d
Add a2 k − a1 = (2k − 1)d ......(2)
From eqn. (1) and (2)
k
S= (a12 − a22k )
2k − 1
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

24.

( log e 10 )
n
n
n!
an =
n!
 k !( n − k ) !
k =0

( log e 10 ) ( 2 log e 10 )
n n

=  2n  =
n! n!
Thus, a0 + a1 + a2 +  upto infinity is
( 2 log e 10 )
n

= = e 2 loge 10 = 100
n=0 n !
 ( b ) is the correct answer.

25.
m2 + 2 2 m2 + 2
+ 2 +3+
2 m +2 2
m +2
2
2 m +2
2
m2 + 2
+ 2 +3+  5+
2 m +2 2 2
Equality hold when m = 0
Correspondingly m 2 + 2 also minimum
Therefore minimum value is 6

26.
We have xk + k = S − xk where x1 + x2 ++ xk = s
 2 xk + k = S
50.51
 2(S ) + = 50S
2
 48 ( S ) = 25.51
 25.51  1 315
 x20 =  − 20  =
 48  2 96
27.
1
S1 = =3
2
1−
3
3
S2 = =5
2
1−
.
.
5
.

2n − 1
Sn = = 2n + 1
2
1−
2n + 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + ....... = + + + ......
S1S2 S2 S2 S3 S4 S3 S4 S5 3.5.7 5.7.9 7.9.11

 
1 
 1 1 
S =  tr =  = −
r =1 r =1 (2r + 1)(2r + 3)(2r + 5) r =1  (2 r + 1)(2 r + 3) (2r + 3)(2r + 5) 
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

28.
2, 6, 2(k – 1) are in G.P.
 62 = 2 × 2 (k – 1)
 k = 10
 x2 – x – 6 > 0 and |x| < 100
 x  (-100, -2)  (3, 100)
Number of integers = 193

29.
5 1 1 1 1 1
2 x + 22 x +1 + = 2 x + 22 x + 22 x + x + x + x + x + x
2x 2 2 2 2 2
1/8
2 x + 22 x +1 + (5 / 2 x )  x 1 
   2  (22 x ) 2  x 5  =1
8  (2 ) 

5
 2 x + 22 x +1 + 8
2x

30.

 (4r + 5)  1 
1 1  1 
 1 1  1
   r 
.
r =1  r (5r + 5)  5
=
r =1  r
−  r  r −
.
5r + 5  5
=
r =1  r.5
r +1 
(r + 1).5  5
=

31.

32.
Suppose the three consecutive terms of the G.P., are a, ar, ar 2 .
 a + ar + ar 2 = 38 (1)
Now if 1 is added in first and second term and 1 is subtracted from its third term, then the numbers
a + 1, ar + 1 and ar 2 − 1 are in A.P.
 2 ( ar + 1) = a + 1 + ar 2 − 1
 2ar + 2 = 38 − ar ( From (1) )
 3ar = 36
So, ar = 12 ( 2 )
From (1), a + 12 + 12r = 38.
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

So, a + 12r = 26
 12   12 
 a + 12   = 26  r = 
a  a
 a − 26a + 144 = 0.
2

Hence, ( a − 18 )( a − 8 ) = 0
 a = 8 or a = 18.
So, the smallest number is 8.
( Number are 8, 12, 16 )
33.
Let the first set of numbers be a - d, a, a + d.
Then a - d + a + a + d = 15
⇒a=5
The second set of numbers will be b - (d - 1), b, b + (d - 1).
Again, b - (d - 1) + b + b + (d - 1) = 15
⇒b=5
Hence, the sets of numbers are 5 - d, 5, 5 + d and 6 - d, 5, 4 + d.
Further, from the given condition
(5 − d ) 5 (5 + d ) 7 25 − d 2 7
=  =
( 6 − d ) 5 ( 4 + d ) 8 24 + 2d − d 8 2

⇒ d2 + 14d - 32 = 0
⇒ d = 2, -16
∴ The two sets are 3, 5, 7 and 4, 5, 6 or 21, 5, -11 and 22, 5, -12.
3 −11 3 11
Therefore, ratio of their smallest terms is or i.e. or
4 −12 4 12
34.
b  ac  b3  abc
1
 b3  4 or b  ( 4 ) 3
 b   1

35.
Let removed numbers are a – d, a, a + d
Sum of removed numbers = 3a
 6  3a  3n − 3
 2  a  n −1 .......(i)
n(n + 1) 43
Also 3a = − (n − 3)
2 4
2n − 41n + 129
2
a= ......(ii )
12
From (i) and (ii)
17.5  n  23.5 n  N
n = 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
For a  N , n must be odd  n may be 19, 21, 23
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

When n = 19, a = 6, d can be 2 or 5

When n = 21, a  N not possible
When n = 23 a  N not possible

36.
Let ⍺, β, γ, δ be the four positive roots of the given equation. Then
⍺ + β + γ + δ = -p …(1)
⍺β + ⍺γ + ⍺δ + β⍺ + βγ + γδ = q …(2)
⍺βγ + ⍺βδ + ⍺γδ + βγ𝝈 = -r …(3)
⍺βγδ = s …(4)
( i ) Using A.M. − G.M. inequality in Eq.(1) and Eq(3), we get
 +  + +  +  +  + 
  4  4  4 4 4 =  = s
4 4
− p  −r 
   s  pr − 16 s  0
4  4 
( ii ) Applying A.M. − G.M. inequality in Eq (2), we get
q 6 3 3 3 3
     = s  q 2  36 s or q 2 − 36s  0
6
37.
n n
2r + 1 n
1 1   1 
S n =  tr =  =  6 −  = 6 1 − 
r =1 r =1 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + r
2 2 2 2
r =1  r r +1  n +1
38.

39.
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

40.
(i)

a1 = 1, an2+1 = (1 −  ) +  2  an2 ,

2
 
2 n
1 5 5 5
 = , an2+1 = an2 =   an2−1 =   .a12
3 9 9 9
n
5 1
a 2
n +1 =   , An = an2 
9 10
n −1
5 1
  
9 10
n −1
9
    10
5
n5

(ii)

a1 = 1, an2+1 = (1 −  ) +  2  an2 ,

2
 
an2+1 = ( 2 2 − 2 + 1) .an2 = ( 2 2 − 2 + 1)
n

 

An =  ( 2 2 − 2 + 1)
n −1 1 8
= =
n −1 n −1 2 − 2 2
3
16 2 − 16 + 3 = 0
1 3
= ,
4 4
(iii)

a1 = 1, an2+1 = (1 −  ) +  2  an2 ,

2
 
an = 2an +1
an2 = 2an2+1
 an2 = 2 ( 2 2 − 2 + 1) an2
1
 =
2
41.
S = f ( x)max x [−4,3]

a − ar = f '(0) = 3

f '( x) = 3x 2 + 3  0

 f ( x)max = f (3) = 27 + 9 − 9 = 27

a
S = 27 =
1− r
a (1 − r ) = 3
1 a
 =
1− r 3
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

a
 27 = a  
3

a 2 = 81  a = 9
If a = 9
3 2
1− r = r=
9 3

If a = –9
1 4
1− r = −  r =  1(rejected)
3 3

p 2
 =
q 3

p+q=5

42.
152 + (15 + d)2 + (15 + 2d)2 + ….. + (15 + 9d)2 = 1185
 19d2 + 90d + 71 = 0

 d = –1

Sn  Sn −1

n  n −1
(31 − n)    (32 − n)
2  2 
 n  16

43.
A.M .  G.M
a+b+c 1
.  ( abc ) 3
3
1
 a + b + c  3 ( abc ) 3 (1)
But given : ab 2 c 3 , a 2 b3 c 4 , a 3 b 4 c5 are also in A.P.
( abc  0 )
 2abc = 1 + a 2 b 2 c 2
 ( abc − 1) = 0
2

 abc = 1
Now from equation (1),
1
a + b + c  3 (1) 3
 (a + b + c)  3
Hence, minimum value of is a + b + c is 3.
JEE Advanced Crash Course Quadratic Equations + Sequence & Series

44.
1 1 
log  + 2 +
  (0.25)  3 3 
 2 6 10 
l = 1 + + 2 + 3 + 
 3 3 3 
 s 
2 6 10
S = 1 + + 2 + 3 + 
3 3 3
S 1 2 6
= + + + 
3 3 32 33
2S 1 4 4
= 1 + + 2 + 3 + 
3 3 3 3
2S 4 4 4
= + 2 + 3 + 
3 3 3 3
 4 
3 3 
S=  =3
2 1 
1− 
 3
 1 
 
Now l = ( 3)
log 0.25  3 
 1− 1 
 
 3
1
log  1    1
  2
l =3   4
= 32 = 3
 l2 = 3
45.
2 ( a1 + a2  + an ) = b1 + b2 +  + bn
 n  2c + ( n − 1) 2  = c ( 2n − 1)
 c ( 2n − 2n − 1) = 2n 2 − 2n
2n 2 − 2n
c=
2 n − 2n − 1
c  N , 2n 2 − 2n  2 n − 2n − 1
 2n 2 + 1  2 n
n6
Also c  0  n  2
So possible values of n are 3, 4, 5 and 6
when n = 3, c = 12
24
n = 4, c = ( not possible )
7
40
n = 5, c = ( not possible )
21
60
n = 6, c = ( not possible )
51
So, there exists only one value of c.