Allotropes of Carbon (the examples shown here are also Giant Covalent Structures)

These structures consist of very large numbers of atoms joined together covalently throughout the whole structure. They therefore have very different
properties to simple covalent molecules
Below are 3 examples you need to know. They all form giant covalent structures or lattices

Name Model Description of structure, number of Properties/Uses

bonds formed, layers?, delocalised
electrons?
Diamond 4 single covalent bonds jewellery
carbon always have 4 bonds attached to achievement of mining
them rare

Graphite Interlocking hexagonal rings of carbon atoms Hard and durable

Just one atom thick low density
used in pencils and lubricants

Fullerenes Bucky balls High tensile strength

carbon atoms join together to make large
hollow cages
All the carbon atoms are equivalent
High electrical conductivity
High thermal conductivity
Used in reinforcing composite materials
Used in electrical industry
drug delivery into the body
Fullerenes Carbon nanotubes