LÍNGUA INGLESA
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
1. (CESGRANRIO – 2018) Leia o texto para responder às questões.
Bank Clerk Job Description Definition and Nature of the
Work
Banks simplify people’s lives, but the business of banking is
anything but simple. Every transaction — from cashing a check
to taking out a loan — requires careful record keeping. Behind
the scenes in every bank or savings and loan association there
are dozens of bank clerks, each an expert at keeping one area
of he bank’s business running smoothly. New account clerks
open and close accounts and answer questions for customers.
Interest clerks record interest due to savings account custo-
mers, as well as the interest owed to the bank on loans and
other investments. Exchange clerks, who work on internatio-
nal accounts, translate foreign currency values into dollars and
vice versa. Loan clerks sort and record information about
loans. Statement clerks are responsible for preparing the mon-
thly balance sheets of checking account customers. Securi-
ties clerks record, file, and maintain stocks, bonds, and other
investment certificates. They also keep track of dividends and
interest on these certificates. Other clerks operate the business
machines on which modern banks rely. Proof operators sort
checks and record the amount of each check. Bookkeeping
clerks keep records of each customer’s account. In addition to
these specialists, banks need general clerical help — data entry
keyers, file clerks, mail handlers, and messengers — just as
any other business does.
Education and Training Requirements
Bank clerks usually need a high school education with an
emphasis on basic skills in typing, bookkeeping, and business
math. Knowledge of computers and business machines is also
helpful. Prospective bank workers may be tested on their cle-
rical skills when they are interviewed. Most banks provide new
employees with on-the-job training.
Getting the Job
Sometimes bank recruiters visit high schools to look for
future employees. High school placement offices can tell stu-
dents whether this is the practice at their school. If not, pros-
pective bank workers can apply directly to local banks through
their personnel departments. Bank jobs may be listed with sta-
te and private employment agencies. Candidates can also
check Internet job sites and the classified ads in local newspa-
pers as well.
Advancement Possibilities and Employment Outlook
Banks prefer to promote their employees rather than hire
new workers for jobs that require experience. Clerks frequently
become tellers or supervisors. Many banks encourage their
employees to further their education at night. According to
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of bank clerks
was expected to decline through the year 2014, because many
banks are electronically automating their systems and elimi-
nating paperwork as well as many clerical tasks. Workers with
knowledge of data processing and computers will have the
best opportunities. In addition to jobs created through expan-
sion, openings at the clerical level often occur as workers move
up to positions of greater responsibility.
Working Conditions
Although banks usually provide a pleasant working atmos-
phere, clerks often work alone, at times performing repetitive
tasks. Bank clerks generally work between thirty- five and forty
hours per week, but they may be expected to take on evening
and Saturday shifts depending on bank hours.
Earnings and Benefits
The salaries of bank clerks vary widely depending on the
size and location of the bank and the clerk’s experience. Accor-
ding to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, median salaries ran-
ged from $23,317 to $27,310 per year in 2004 depending on
experience and title. Generally, loan clerks are on the high end
of this range, whereas general office clerks are on the lower
end. Banks typically offer their employees excellent benefits.
Besides paid vacations and more than the usual number of
paid holidays, employees may receive health and life insuran-
ce and participate in pension and profit-sharing plans. Some
banks provide financial aid so that workers can continue their
education.
Available at: http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/151/ Bank-Clerk.html.
Retrieved on: Aug. 22, 2017. Adapted.
In “Candidates can also check Internet job sites and the clas-
sified ads in local newspapers as well”, the modal verb can is
replaced, without change in meaning, by
a) should.
b) must.
c) will.
d) may.
e) need.
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
2. (CESGRANRIO – 2018) The main purpose of the text is to
a) introduce the many categories of bank clerks one can find
in a financial institution.
b) present an overview of the career of a bank clerk to an even-
tual future professional.
c) denounce the disadvantages associated with the clerk
profession.
d) discuss all the benefits offered to employees who work in a
bank.
e) ask for changes in the way bank recruiters select their futu-
re employees.
3. (CESGRANRIO – 2018) The fragment “Banks simplify people’s
lives, but the business of banking is anything but simple” means
that banking is a(n)
a) ordinary occupation.
b) elementary job.
c) complex activity.
97
1
d) trivial profession. decentralization was a dominant paradigm that was observed
e) easy business. within cities (suburbanization), but also within regions. The
spatial theory foundations of transport geography, particularly
the friction of distance, became less relevant, or less evident,
in explaining socioeconomic processes. As a result, transpor-
4. (CESGRANRIO – 2018) In “In addition to these specialists, tation became underrepresented in economic geography in
banks need general clerical help”, the phrase these specialists the 1970s and 1980s, even if the mobility of people and freight
refers to and low transport costswere considered as important factors
a) “messengers”. behind the globalization of trade and production.
b) “mail handlers”. Since the 1990s, transport geography has received rene-
c) “proof operators” and “bookkeeping clerks”. wed attention with new realms of investigation. The issues of
mobility, production and distribution became interrelated in a
d) “data entry keyers”.
complex geographical setting where the local, regional and glo-
e) “file clerks”. bal became increasingly blurred through the development of
new passengers and freight transport systems (Hoyle and Kno-
wles, 1998). For instance, suburbanization resulted in an array
of challenges related to congestion and automobile depen-
dency. Rapid urbanization in developing economies under-
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS) lined the challenges of transport infrastructure investment
for private as well as collective uses. Globalization supported
5. (CESGRANRIO – 2018) In the sentence of the text “Generally, the development of complex air and maritime transportation
loan clerks are on the high end of this range,whereas general networks, many of which supporting global supply chains and
office clerks are on the lower end”, the word whereas trade relations across long distances. The role of information
a) expresses a contrast. and communication technologies was also being felt, often as
b) highlights a problem. a support or as an alternative to mobility. All of the above were
linked with new and expanded mobilities of passengers, freight
c) imposes a condition.
and information.
d) introduces an example.
Adapted from: https://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch1en/ conc1en/
e) points out a solution. ch1c1en.html. Retrieved on: Jan. 9th, 2015.

In the fragment “In the 1960s, transport had to be formali-

zed as key factors in location theories”, the modal verb had to
implies an idea of
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS) a) advice.

6. (CESGRANRIO – 2016) Leia o texto para responder às questões. b) possibility.

Transportation in Geography c) probability.

The world is obviously not a place where features such as d) prediction.

resources, people and economic activities are randomly dis- e) necessity.
tributed; there is a logic, or an order, to spatial distribution.
Geography seeks to understand the spatial order of things as
well as their interactions, particularly when the spatial order is
less evident. Transportation is one element of this spatial 7. (CESGRANRIO – 2016) In the fragment from the text “Globali-
order as it is at the same time influenced by geography as well zation supported the development of complex air and mariti-
as having an influence on it. For instance, the path followed by me transportation networks, many of which supporting global
a road is influenced by regional economic and physical attri- supply chains and trade relations across long distances”, the
butes, but once constructed the same road will shape future word which refers to
regional developments. a) chains.
Transportation is of relevance to geography for two main b) relations.
reasons. First, transport infrastructures, terminals, modes and c) networks.
networks occupy an important place in space and constitute
the basis of a complex spatial system. Second, since geogra- d) globalization.
phy seeks to explain spatial relationships, transport networks e) transportation.
are of specific interest because they are the main physical
support of these interactions.
Transport geography, as a discipline, emerged as a branch
of economic geography in the second half of the twentieth cen-
tury. In earlier considerations, particularly in commercial geo- Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
graphy (late 19th and early 20th century), transportation was
an important factor behind the economic representations of 8. (CESGRANRIO – 2016) The main purpose of the text is to
the geographic space, namely in terms of the location of eco- a) show how transportation is economically relevant.
nomic activities and the monetary costs of distance. These cost
considerations became the foundation of several geographical b) deny the impact of transportation on the geographical
theories such as central places and location analysis. The gro- space.
wing mobility of passengers and freight justified the emergen- c) support the idea that economic features are randomly
ce of transport geography as a specialized field of investigation. distributed.
In the 1960s, transport had to be formalized as key fac- d) establish a view of the presence of transportation in geo-
tors in location theories and transport geography began to graphical studies.
rely increasingly on quantitative methods, particularly over e) defend the idea that transportation has not changed much
network and spatial interactions analysis. However, from in the last century.
the 1970s, technical, political and economic changes chal-
lenged the centrality of transportation in many geographical
and regional development investigations. The strong spatial
anchoring effect of high transportation costs receded and
2
9. (CESGRANRIO – 2016) The text points out two main reasons
why transportation is of relevance to geography. These two rea-
sons are:
a) Economic goods are distributed by transportation; trans-
portation structures occupy a place in space.
b) Transportation infrastructures occupy an important place
in space; transportation infrastructures are considered the
main support to spatial interactions.
c) Roads shape regional developments; roads are elements of
spatial order.
d) There is a logic to spatial distribution; the spatial distribu-
tion is influenced by transportation structures.
e) Economic features are randomly distributed in space; this
distribution in space is illogical.
10. (CESGRANRIO – 2016) According to the text, the emergence
of transport geography as a specialized field of investigation is
justified by the
a) growing mobility of passengers and freight.
b) idea that the world is not a place where such features are
randomly distributed.
c) fact that geography seeks to understand the spatial order of
things.
d) fact that cost considerations became the foundation of
several geographical theories.
e) fact that transportation was an important issue behind the
economic representations of the geographic space.
11. (CESGRANRIO – 2016) From the fragment of the text “Howe-
ver, from the 1970s, technical, political and economic changes
challenged the centrality of transportation in many geographi-
cal and regional development investigations. The strong spa-
tial anchoring effect of high transportation costs receded and
decentralization was a dominant paradigm that was observed
within cities (suburbanization), but also within regions.”, it can
be inferred that
a) suburbanization emerged because the spatial anchoring
effect of transportation costs increased.
b) transportation maintained its centrality because of techni-
cal, political and economic changes in the 1970s.
c) decentralization became the prevailing model in the urban
and regional development in the 1970s.
d) the technical, political and economic changes in the 1970s
resulted in a transportation crisis.
e) transportation costs had a negative effect in the urban and
regional development in the 1970s.
12. (CESGRANRIO – 2016) From the sentence in the text “Since
the 1990s, transport geography has received renewed atten-
tion with new realms of investigation”, it can be concluded that
transport geography
a) received new realms of investigation at the end of the 1990s.
b) was only studied with new realms of investigation in the
1990s.
c) was only studied with new realms of investigation before
the 1990s.
d) was only studied with new realms of investigation at the
beginning of the 1990s.
e) started being studied with new realms of investigation at
the beginning of the 1990s that are still being applied to its
study nowadays.
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
13. (CESGRANRIO – 2016) The expression as well as in the frag-
ment “Geography seeks to understand the spatial order of
things as well as their interactions” conveys an idea of
a) opposition.
b) conclusion.
c) concession.
d) addition.
e) comparison.
14. (CESGRANRIO – 2016) In the fragment “However, from the
1970s, technical, political and economic changes challenged the
centrality of transportation in many geographical and regional
development investigations”, the word However introduces the
idea of
a) consequence.
b) conclusion.
c) sequence.
d) contrast.
e) cause.
15. (CESGRANRIO – 2016) In the fragment from the text “The
issues of mobility, production and distribution became inter-
related in a complex geographical setting where the local,
regional and global became increasingly blurred through the
development of new passengers and freight transport systems”,
the word blurred can be replaced by
a) evident.
b) highlighted.
c) obvious.
d) distinct.
e) imprecise.
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
16. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) Leia o texto para responder às questões.
Why Millennials Don’t Like Credit Cards
by Holly Johnson
Cheap, easy credit might have been tempting to young
people in the past, but not to today’s millennials. According to
a recent survey by Bankrate of over 1,161 consumers, 63% of
adults ages 18 to 29 live without a credit card of any kind, and
another 23% only carry one card.
The Impact of the Great Recession
Research shows that the environment millennials grew up
in might have an impact on their finances. Unlike other gene-
rations, millennials lived through economic hardships during
a time when their adult lives were beginning. According to the
Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Great Recession caused millen-
nials to stray from historic patterns when it comes to purchasing
a home and having children, and a fear of credit cards could be
another symptom of the economic environment of the times.
And there’s much data when it comes to proving that mil-
lennials grew up on shaky economic ground. The Pew Resear-
ch Center reports that 36% of millennials lived at home with
their parents in 2012. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate for
people ages 16 to 24 was 14.2% (more than twice the national
rate) in early 2014, according to the BLS. With those figures,
it’s no wonder that millennials are skittish when it comes to
credit cards. It makes sense that young people would be afraid
to take on any new forms of debt.
A Generation Plagued with Student Loan Debt
3
 But the Great Recession isn’t the only reason millennials
could be fearful of credit. Many experts believe that the nation’s
student loan debt level might be related to it. According to the
Institute for College Access & Success, 71% of millennials (or
1.3 million students) who graduated from college in 2012 left
school with at least some student loan debt, with the average
amount owed around $29,400.
With so much debt already under their belts, millennials
are worried about adding any credit card debt to the pile. After
all, many adults with student loan debt need to make pay-
ments for years, and even decades.
How Millennials Can Build Credit Without a Credit Card
The fact that millennials are smart enough to avoid credit
card debt is a good thing, but that doesn’t mean the decision
has its drawbacks. According to Experian, most adults need
a positive credit history in order to qualify for an auto loan or
mortgage. Even worse, having no credit history is almost as
bad as having a negative credit history in some cases.
Still, there are plenty of ways millennials can build a credit
history without a credit card. A few tips:
Make payments on installment loans on time. Whether it’s
a car loan, student loan or personal loan, make sure to mail in
those payments on time and pay at least the minimum amou-
nt required.
Put at least one household or utility bill in your name.
Paying your utility or household bills on time can help you build
a positive credit history.
Get a secured credit card. Unlike traditional credit cards,
the funds secured credit cards offer are backed by money the
user deposits. Signing up for a secured card is one way to
build a positive credit history without any risk.
The fact that millennials are leery of credit cards is probably
a good thing in the long run. After all, not having a credit card
is the perfect way to stay out of credit card debt. Even though
it might be harder to build a credit history without credit cards,
the vast majority of millennials have decided that the plastic
just isn’t worth it.
Available at: http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/my-
money/2014/11/04/why-millennials-dont-like-creditcards. Retrieved on: Nov.
10th, 2014. Adapted.
In the sentence of the text “Still, there are plenty of ways
millennials can build a credit history without a credit card”, the
quantifier plenty of can be replaced, with no change in mea-
ning, by
a) some.
b) few.
c) a few.
d) a little.
e) lots of.
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
17. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) The main purpose of the text is to
a) explain the millennials’ credit card affection.
b) defend the millennials’ fear of credit card use.
c) describe the millennials’ attitude towards the credit card.
d) present the millennials’ credit card historical background.
e) demonstrate the millennials’ need of credit card use to
build a credit history.
18. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) The sentence of the text “With so much
debt already under their belts, millennials are worried about
adding any credit card debt to the pile” conveys the idea that
millenials have
a) piles of bills to pay every month, but they can use their cre-
dit cards moderately.
b) so many bills to pay that credit card bills wouldn’t make
much difference.
c) so many bills to pay that they have to sell their belongings.
d) so much debt to pay that they can’t afford another one.
e) no credit cards simply because they don’t like them.
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
19. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) In the sentence of the text “the Great
Recession caused millennials to stray from historic patterns
when it comes to purchasing a home and having children”, the
word stray can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
a) stem.
b) start.
c) range.
d) follow.
e) deviate.
20. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) The word skittish, in the sentence of
the text “With those figures, it’s no wonder that millennials are
skittish when it comes to credit cards”, can be replaced, with no
change in meaning, by
a) uncertain.
b) enthusiastic.
c) depressed.
d) determined.
e) secure.
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
21. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) Leia o texto para responder às questões.
Millennials – The next generation of oil and gas talent
Good oil and gas talent is in short supply. Combine the
so-called “Big Shift Change” with the reduced number of stu-
dents applying for and completing STEM (Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics) courses in college, and there is
a serious concern about where the next generation of industry
talent will come from.
As oil and gas companies bring in new talent to meet
staffing demands, CEB research shows that five-in-six hiring
managers believe their new graduate hires present a lack of
the skills and knowledge they consider necessary. But rather
than changing their hiring strategies to find candidates with
the potential to learn and develop those skills and knowledge,
many companies continue to waste money on ineffective and
poorly targeted recruitment programs. As a result, these com-
panies are forced to replace a growing percentage of their
graduate hires within the first year.
One thing is for certain – millennials, or workers born bet-
ween 1980 and 2000, will be a critical part of the oil and gas
workforce of tomorrow. So how can today’s oil and gas lea-
ders find strong millennial talent who make an impact quickly?
We’ve identified several tips for companies that want to see
greater return on investment for millennial recruitment.
1. Broaden your net beyond only those with top grades
and use objective assessments
Strong academic performers aren’t always those who will
perform best in the job. Recruiting from good schools and
evaluating academic performance will always be
important, and every company wants to hire smart peo-
ple. However, grades are not a perfect measure of how smart
someone is, and they do not necessarily reflect all the cha-
racteristics that make a person successful on the job. The job
4
candidate with a 3.1 GPA who worked full-time while going to
school may have demonstrated drive, motivation, time mana-
gement and resourcefulness – all of which are beneficial on
the job. This person can be just as qualified as a top student.
Using objective assessments to measure employability – a
comprehensive evaluation of hard and soft skills and overall
potential – improves the odds of finding the right hires for the
business.
2. Use, but don’t overestimate, social media
Unsurprisingly, millennials are more likely than any other
generation to use social media to learn about organizations.
Nonetheless, less than a third actually trust the information
they receive through social channels. Regardless of genera-
tion, job seekers place the most trust in personal connections
such as friends and family, so continue to invest in traditional
channels such as on-campus recruiting, job fairs, and referral
programs. Using technology and social media in the recruiting
process is important, but they should supplement and enhan-
ce existing efforts rather than replace them.
3. Understand millennial motivations
To attract the best millennial workers, understand what
motivates them. Our research shows this generation is actually
motivated by opportunities to develop and grow, demonstra-
te the talents they have, and move up in the company, rather
than by salary. Incidentally, other generations are interested
in these things too, and showing a commitment to developing
employees will help retain existing employees as well as attract
new ones.
4. Remember that new hires don’t always have to be
work-ready
Graduate hires may not have the necessary skills to be suc-
cessful on day one. When casting a wider net to find new talent,
look for ways to assess candidates’ capacity to learn, drive for
achievement and ability to work effectively with others. There
is an increased likelihood that candidates with high measures
in those areas can develop into successful employees, even
if they do not possess the full range of technical knowledge
and skills when hired. Once they are hired, identify and invest
in developing the skills that graduates need to flourish in the
job today and prepare for future roles.
5. Avoid recruiting simply to fill vacancies
Successful companies find a balance between responding
to management demands to fill current vacancies and securing
the right people to meet long-term business needs. Openings
will always need to be filled, but the urgency to hire for today’s
vacancies should be tempered with the goal of hiring people
who will grow with the organization. Many successful oil and
gas companies are hiring for fit with the overall company rather
than for a specific job. A talented engineer with strong capacity
for learning and potential for growth is someone worth inves-
ting in, even if a perfect role isn’t available at the present time.
6. Offer diverse experiences
A common myth about millennials is that they are only
looking to stay with a given company for a short time befo-
re moving on. However, our research shows that millennials
view employment stability as very important but they are
also looking for varied experiences. By offering diverse career
experiences and clarifying the benefit of moves with the
organization, millennials will be more likely to stay in one place.
With a growing need for new talent in the sector, most oil
and gas companies will feel pressure to hire new millennial
employees as rapidly as possible. However, making incorrect
assumptions about how millennials think and hiring for shor-
t-term rather than long-term goals will be ineffective. Com-
panies will see the most success in attracting top millennial
talent by taking a more thoughtful, objective and company-s-
pecific approach to hiring.
Available at: http://www.pennenergy.com/articles/pennenergy/ 2014/10/
millennials-the-next-generation-of-oil-and-gas-talent.html. Retrieved on: Apr.
30th, 2015. Adapted.
In the fragment of Text “We’ve identified several tips for compa-
nies that want to see greater return on investment for millen-
nial recruitment”, the verb form in bold indicates that the
a) identification of the tips happened last year.
b) identification of the tips will soon be finished.
c) identification of the tips is an ongoing process.
d) results of the identification of the tips are important now.
e) results of the identification of the tips were considered
important in the past.
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
22. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) The main purpose of Text is to
a) highlight the necessity to recruit for a specific position.
b) show the reader how to understand millennial motivations.
c) present some advice on how to identify young talents for
the oil and gas industry.
d) defend the idea that millennials are not prepared for the oil
and gas market demands.
e) deconstruct the myth that millennials are looking to stay in
a company for a short time.
23. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) In the fragment of Text I “CEB research
shows that five-in-six hiring managers believe their new gra-
duate hires present a lack of the skills and knowledge they con-
sider necessary”, the word lack can be replaced, without change
in meaning, by
a) profusion.
b) shortage.
c) abundance.
d) increase.
e) sufficiency.
24. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) Based on the fragment of Text I
“Using objective assessments to measure employability – a
comprehensive evaluation of hard and soft skills and overall
potential – improves the odds of finding the right hires for the
business”, one infers that objective assessments
a) improve the chances of finding the right hires.
b) are a strange method of finding the right hires.
c) are the only method of measuring employability.
d) are an ineffective method of finding the right hires if com-
pared to academic performance.
e) do not measure the overall potential of a job candidate.
25. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) In the fragment of Text “Nonetheless,
less than a third actually trust the information they receive
through social channels”, the word nonetheless conveys an idea
of
a) addition.
b) conclusion.
c) explanation.
d) exemplification.
e) opposition.
26. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) Based on the 7th paragraph of Text, it is
implicit the author believes that
a) new employees should be ready to work from the moment
they are hired.
b) new employees should have their skills developed for their
future in the company.
5
c) technical knowledge is the most important aspect to be
taken into consideration when hiring someone.
d) the ability to work with others should not be considered an
important issue when hiring someone.
e) candidates’ capacity to learn is the only issue that should be
taken into consideration when hiring someone.
27. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) In the 8th paragraph of Text, the word
vacancies is used three times.
To avoid one more repetition, the author chose as synonym
for vacancies the word
a) companies.
b) demands.
c) needs.
d) openings.
e) goal.
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
28. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) Leia o texto para responder às questões.
Financial System
People have virtually unlimited needs, but the economic
resources to supply those needs are limited. Therefore, the
greatest benefit of an economy is to provide the most desirab-
le consumer goods and services in the most desirable amounts
- what is known as the efficient allocation of economic resour-
ces. To produce these consumer goods and services requires
capital in the form of labor, land, capital goods used to produce
a desired product or service, and entrepreneurial ability to use
these resources together to the greatest efficiency in produ-
cing what consumers want most. Real capital consists of the
land, labor, tools and machinery, and entrepreneurial ability
to produce consumer goods and services, and to acquire real
capital costs money.
The financial system of an economy provides the means to
collect money from the people who have it and distribute it to
those who can use it best. Hence, the efficient allocation of eco-
nomic resources is achieved by a financial system that allocates
money to those people and for those purposes(c) that will yield
the greatest return(d).
The financial system is composed of the products and
services(e) provided by financial institutions(a), which include
banks, insurance companies, pension funds, organized exchan-
ges, and the many other companies(b) that serve to facilitate
economic transactions. Virtually all economic transactions are
effected by one or more of these financial institutions. They
create financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds, pay
interest on deposits, lend money to creditworthy borrowers,
and create and maintain the payment systems of modern
economies.
These financial products and services are basedon the fol-
lowing fundamental objectives of any modern financial system:
y to provide a payment system;
y to give money time value;
y to offer products and services to reduce financial risk or to
compensate risk-taking for desirableobjectives;
y to collect and disperse information that allows the most
efficient allocation of economic resources;
y to create and maintain financial markets that provide pri-
ces, which indicates how well investments are performing,
which also determines the subsequent allocation of resour-
ces, and to maintain economic stability.
Available at: http://thismatter.com/money/banking/ financial-system.htm.
Retrieved on: July 27th, 2015. Adapted.
The relative pronoun which in the fragment of the text “which
include banks, insurance companies, pension funds, organized
exchanges, and the many other companies” refers to
a) financial institutions.
b) other companies.
c) purposes.
d) return.
e) products and services.
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
29. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) From the sentence of the text “The
financial system of an economy provides the means to collect
money from the people who have it and distribute it to those
who can use it best”, it can be inferred that people who
a) can use the money most efficiently are those who have
much money.
b) operate the financial system of an economy collect and dis-
tribute money the best way.
c) receive the distributed money don’t know how to use it best.
d) have much money and know how to use it best are the same.
e) operate the financial system of an economy collect themo-
ney and keep it.
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
30. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) In the fragment of the text “Hence, the
efficient allocation of economic resources”, the connector Hen-
ce conveys an idea of
a) emphasis.
b) time sequence.
c) contrast.
d) conclusion.
e) addition.
31. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) In the fragment of the text “the effi-
cient allocation of economic resources is achieved by a finan-
cial system that allocates money to those people and for those
purposes that will yield the greatest return”, the verb form yield
can be replaced, without change in meaning, by
a) produce.
b) slow down.
c) cut.
d) interrupt.
e) diminish.
32. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) According to the text, a definition for
the expression “the efficient allocation of economic resources”
is:
a) provision of the most desirable consumer goods and servi-
ces in limited amounts.
b) provision of the most desirable consumer goods and servi-
ces in unlimited amounts.
c) production of economic resources in unlimited ways.
d) production of economic resources in sufficient amounts.
e) provision of the most desirable consumer goods and servi-
ces in the most desirable amounts.
6
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
33. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) Leia o texto para responder às questões.
Natural gas waits for its moment
Paul Stenquist
Cars and trucks powered by natural gas make up a signifi-
cant portion of the vehicle fleet in many parts of the world. Iran
has more than two million natural gas vehicles on the road.
As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation
and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations. Brazil was not far
behind. Italy and Germany have substantial natural gas vehicle
fleets. Is America next?
With natural gas in plentiful supply at bargain prices in
the United States, issues that have limited its use in cars are
being rethought, and its market share could increase, perhaps
substantially.
According to Energy Department Price Information from
July, natural gas offers economic advantages over gasoline and
diesel fuels. If a gasoline-engine vehicle can take you 40 miles
on one gallon, the same vehicle running on compressed natu-
ral gas can do it for about $1.50 less at today’s prices. To that
savings add lower maintenance costs. A study of New York City
cabs running on natural gas found that oil changes need not be
as frequent because of the clean burn of the fuel, and exhaust-
system parts last longer because natural gas is less corrosive
than other fuels.
Today, those economic benefits are nullified by the initial
cost of a natural gas vehicle — 20 to 30 percent more than a
comparable gasoline-engine vehicle. But were production to
increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices
down. In an interview by phone, Jon Coleman, fleet sustainabi-
lity manager at the Ford Motor Company, said that given suffi-
cient volume, the selling price of natural gas vehicles could be
comparable to that of conventional vehicles.
It may be years before the economic benefits of natural gas
vehicles can be realized, but the environmental benefits appear
to be immediate. According to the Energy Department’s web-
site, natural gas vehicles have smaller carbon footprints than
gasoline or diesel automobiles, even when taking into account
the natural gas production process, which releases carbon-rich
methane into the atmosphere.
The United States government appears to favor natural
gas as a motor vehicle fuel. To promote the production of vehi-
cles with fewer carbon emissions, it has allowed automakers
to count certain vehicle types more than once when calcula-
ting their Corporate Average Fuel Economy, under regulations
mandating a fleet average of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025. Plu-
g-in hybrids and natural gas vehicles can be counted 1.6 times
under the CAFE standards, and electric vehicles can be counted
twice.
Adapting natural gas as a vehicle fuel introduces enginee-
ring challenges. While the fuel burns clean, it is less energy
dense than gasoline, so if it is burned in an engine designed
to run on conventional fuel, performance and efficiency are
degraded.
But since natural gas has an octane rating of 130, compa-
red with 93 for the best gasoline, an engine designed for it can
run with very high cylinder pressure, which would cause
a regular gasoline engine to knock from premature ignition.
More cylinder pressure yields more power, and thus the ener-
gy-density advantage of gasoline can be nullified.[...]
Until the pressurized fuel tanks of natural gas vehicles can
be easily and quickly refueled, the fleet cannot grow substan-
tially. The number of commercial refueling stations for com-
pressed natural gas has been increasing at a rate of 16 percent
yearly, the Energy Department says. And, while the total is still
small, advances in refueling equipment should increase the
rate of expansion. Much of the infrastructure is already in pla-
ce: America has millions of miles of natural gas pipeline. Con-
necting that network to refueling equipment is not difficult.
Although commercial refueling stations will be necessary
to support a substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home
refueling may be the magic bullet that makes the vehicles prac-
tical. Electric vehicles depend largely on home charging and
most have less than half the range of a fully fueled natural gas
vehicle. Somecompressed natural gas home refueling products
are available, but they can cost as much as $5,000.
Seeking to change that, the Energy Department has awar-
ded grants to a number of companies in an effort to develop
affordable home-refueling equipment. [...]
Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/30/
automobiles/ natural-gas-waits-for-its-moment.html?page
wanted=all&module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3A
r%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A18%22%7D. Retrieved on: Sept 3rd, 2014.
Adapted.
In the statement “As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 mil-
lion in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations”,
the expression as of means:
a) In 2009.
b) Since 2009.
c) Around 2009.
d) Before 2009.
e) Comparing to 2009.
34. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) The modal verb may in the fragment of
the text “It may be years before the economic benefits of natural
gas vehicles can be realized” is associated with the idea of
a) permission.
b) obligation.
c) certainty.
d) inference.
e) probability.
35. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) The personal pronoun it in “so if it
is burned in an engine designed to run on conventional fuel”
refers to
a) natural gas.
b) degrading fuel.
c) unconventional fuel.
d) 93-octane rating fuel.
e) more energy-dense fuel.
36. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) In the sentence of the text “Although
commercial refueling stations will be necessary to support a
substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home refueling may
be the magic bullet that makes the vehicles practical”, the word
although implies facts that are
a) simultaneous.
b) sequential.
c) alternate.
d) opposing.
e) proportional.
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
37. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) The main purpose of the text is to
a) defend the use of natural gas as a vehicle fuel.
b) compare the use of natural gas vehicles in different
countries.
c) establish the technical aspects of the use of natural gas
vehicles.
7
d) analyze the immediate economic advantages of natural gas
vehicles.
e) highlight environmental protection advantages of natural
gas vehicles in the long run.
38. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) According to the paragraph limited by
lines 13-24 in the text, one can infer that
a) gasoline is as expensive as diesel in New York City.
b) a car running on natural gas will pay $1.50 on one gallon of
the fuel.
c) every car running on natural gas will afford to save $3.00 on
a 60-mile drive.
d) the cost of oil changes can improve savings in natural gas-
-fueled vehicles.
e) natural gas cannot be associated with corrosion in car’s
exhaust-system parts.
39. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) The sentence of the text “But were
production to increase significantly, economies of scale would
bring prices down” has the same meaning as:
a) Economies of scale would reduce production and prices
significantly.
b) Economies of scale would be one of the conditions for the
decrease of prices.
c) Production would increase unless economies of scale
brought prices down.
d) Production would increase significantly if economies of
scale didn’t bring the prices down.
e) Prices would not go down although the production
increased.
40. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) In the 5th paragraph, limited by lines
35-42 in the text, the author defends the idea that
a) economic and environmental benefits of natural gas vehi-
cles are both immediate results of smaller footprints than
those of gasoline or diesel automobiles.
b) economic benefits of natural gas vehicles are not as consi-
derable as the environmental benefits because of the cost
of the natural gas production process.
c) natural gas vehicles produce smaller footprints than those
of gasoline or diesel automobiles because they bring more
environmental benefits.
d) environmental benefits of natural gas vehicles are remar-
kable despite the carbon-rich methane released into the
atmosphere in the production process.
e) environmental benefits of natural gas vehicles are not as
considerable as the economic benefits because of the cost
of the carbon-rich methane released into the atmosphere
in the production process.
41. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) According to the 6th paragraph in the
text (lines 43-52), one of the Corporate Average Fuel Economy
goals for the fleet in the United States is average 54.5 miles per
gallon
a) in 2025.
b) prior 2025.
c) around 2025.
d) sometime before 2025.
e) not later than 2025.
42. (CESGRANRIO – 2015) According to the 9th paragraph in the
text (lines 65-75), refueling stations in the United States
a) should go through an increase at their rate of expansion.
b) require pipeline infrastructure that has been growing 16%
every year.
c) do not rely on infrastructure available for their expansion.
d) cannot grow substantially because of miles of natural gas
pipeline.
e) cannot be expanded through the country because of their
potential damage against nature.
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
43. (CESGRANRIO – 2014) Leia o texto para responder às questões.
An Introduction to the Oil Patch
So you’re thinking about a field job in the oil industry. If
you haven’t been involved in the oil patch before, you probably
have no idea how vast it is, or where to start your job search.
Many sites will try to convince you that you can get a job on an
offshore rig making $10,000 a month without any experience
or training at all, and while this is possible, it’s not at all likely.
Actually, it can be tough to find a job in any field of the oil indus-
try without some experience or training.
First, you should realize that the oil industry isn’t just dril-
ling rigs, pumpjacks, and gas stations. The oil industry is a lot
like the military in that it employs people in nearly every pro-
fession. There are positions such as roughneck or airgun ope-
rator, that are very specific to the oil industry; but there are
also welders, medics, chemists, biologists, environmentalists,
cooks, computer programmers, engineers, and a thousand
more positions that are absolutely essential to the industry.
You don’t have to have experience specifically in the oil indus-
try in order to have relevant experience.
The oil patch is a little bit different from most other indus-
tries. You’ll soon lose the idea of a weekend as you now know
it... The patch runs seven days a week, and in many cases, 24
hours a day. You’ll be expected to work every day in all weather
conditions, for weeks or even months at a time. The oil industry
is also very production oriented; you’ll make more money wel-
ding in the oil patch than in another industry, but you’ll work
longer and harder for that bigger paycheck.
There are a few prerequisites if you want a field job in the
oil patch:
You must be in reasonably good physical condition, and
be able to lift at least 50 lbs. regularly. For most positions, you
must have a valid driver’s license.
You must have suitable clothing for extended outdoor
work and in most cases, hard toed safety boots. You should
not have any medical condition which would make it unsafe for
you to operate machinery.
You don’t need to live in the city where your employer is
located, but in most cases you will have to provide your own
transportation to and from your home from the employer’s
location (point-of-hire). If you live a long way from any area
with oil and gas activity, you will have a very difficult time fin-
ding an entry level job in this industry.
You must be willing and able to work hard for long hours.
This industry is all about production, and if you don’t produce,
you’re not an asset to the company.
You must be drug-free. Most companies conduct pre-em-
ployment drug screenings and random testing of employees. If
your test show signs of illegal drugs in your system, you will not
be hired. Most oil work requires you to live away from home, in
motels or camps near the jobs. Your travel, accommodations,
and meals will usually be paid by your employer while you’re
working. Most companies also provide all required safety
supplies, such as hard hats and reflective safety vests. You are
required to supply your own work clothes, boots, gloves, etc.
8
 Before you leave for your first job, be sure you have appro-
priate clothing to spend 14 hours outside... frostbite isn’t fun,
neither is heat stroke.
Much of the work in the oil industry is very physically
demanding, especially in the entry level positions. There is no
upper age limit, but you should be willing and able to work
hard for long hours, lift 50 lbs regularly, and be in relatively
good physical condition. If you have back or other health pro-
blems that prevent strenuous activity, you may want to recon-
sider this line of work. Most companies require employees to
be at least 18 years old. A recent hearing test and/or medical
evaluation may be required.
Many oilfield companies also require a preemployment
drug and alcohol screening. You should know that though you
can make a lot of money in a month in the oil patch, you can
also make no money in a month. Most oilfield work isn’t very
stable, and you’ll occasionally find yourself laid-off on short
notice due to a shortage of work... and called back on even
shorter notice. Many people in Canada work in the oil industry
during the winter while it’s busy, then take the spring and sum-
mer off, or work non- oilfield summer jobs.
Offshore and overseas rigs usually operate yearround,
offering a much more stable work environment; but there are
very few positions on these rigs that are available without any
experience. If you’re interested in working on one of these rigs,
you may want to start with a catering job. All major offshore
and overseas projects employ catering staff to provide meals
for the rig crew. These positions are often available without
experience, and rig managers will often hire catering staff onto
the rig crew if they need an extra hand, or if a member of the
rig crew gets injured or leaves. It’s a matter of being in the right
place at the right time, and showing interest in working
the rig.
Available at: http://www.oilfi eldworkers.com/oilfi eldintro.php. Retrieved on:
In Text I, the idea stated in italics corresponds to the meaning
expressed by the boldfaced verb phrase in
a) “First, you should realize that the oil industry isn’t just dril-
ling rigs, pumpjacks, and gas stations.” (line 5) – probability.
b) “For most positions, you must have a valid driver’s license.”
(line 16) – ability.
c) “You should not have any medical condition which would
make it unsafe for you to operate machinery.” (line 18)
– obligation.
d) “You don’t need to live in the city where your employer is
located,” (lines 19-20) – remote possibility.
e) “A recent hearing test and/or medical evaluation may be
required.” (line 33) – concrete possibility.
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
44. (CESGRANRIO – 2014) The main purpose of Text I is to
a) warn professionals in the oil business about the frequent
instability in oilfields.
b) criticize the strenuous working conditions oilfield opera-
ting teams are always submitted to.
c) provide useful advice to prospective workers intending to
start a career in the oil industry.
d) inform the exact amount of experience a worker must have
before looking for a job in an oil company.
e) encourage employees to look for a position in catering
before applying for a job in offshore and overseas rigs.
45. (CESGRANRIO – 2014) According to Text I, workers in the oil
industry can be expected to bear all of the following working
conditions, EXCEPT
a) working hard for long hours in order to keep up oil
production.
b) having to perform risky jobs in exchange for guaranteed
promotions.
c) spending weekends and holidays on the job, sometimes for
long periods.
d) facing adverse weather conditions for long stretches of
time to ensure productivity.
e) being on duty away from home and resorting to individual
transportation to the job post.
46. (CESGRANRIO – 2014) According to Text I, employers in the
oil industry usually
a) provide family housing for the factory floor staff.
b) assign addicted employees or candidates to administrative
tasks.
c) select only older experienced workers for the entry level
positions.
d) require employees to have their own suitable clothing and
safety footwear.
e) supply medical evaluations for retired staff members who
complain of back aches.
47. (CESGRANRIO – 2014) The fragment “frostbite isn’t fun, nei-
ther is heat stroke” (line 29) refers to the fact that the
a) oil industry offers many stressful challenges but also seve-
on ral moments of leisure.
b) different outside temperatures force professionals in the oil
industry to work long hours.
Aug. 29, 2012 c) different seasons during the year affect the free hours of
workers in the oil industry.
d) workers in the oil industry need to be prepared to survive all
kinds of weather conditions.
e) appropriate clothing for severe working conditions must
also be comfortable for the warm climate.
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
48. (CESGRANRIO – 2014) Based on the meanings in Text I, the
two items that express synonymous ideas are
a) vast (line 1) – broad.
b) tough (line 3) – uncomplicated.
c) suitable (line 17) – inadequate.
d) random (line 24) – systematic.
e) demanding (line 30) – unchallenging.
49. (CESGRANRIO – 2014) In the fragment “The oil industry is
a lot like the military in that it employs people in nearly every
profession.” (lines 5-6) the expression in that can be replaced,
without changing the meaning of the sentence, by
a) if.
b) but.
c) because.
d) even though.
e) provided that.
9
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
50. (CESGRANRIO – 2013) Leia o texto para responder às
questões.
Coworking: Sharing How We Work
Genevieve DeGuzman Communication
In the past, when trying to find places to work, indepen-
dent workers, small businesses, and organizations often had to
choose between several scenarios(a), all with their attendant
advantages and disadvantages: working from home; working
from a coffee shop, library, or other public venue; or leasing an
executive suite or other commercial space.
Is there a better way to work? Yes. Enter coworking.
Coworking takes freelancers, indie workers, and entrepre-
neurs who feel that they have been dormant or isolated wor-
king alone at home or who have been migrating from a
coffee shop to a friend’s garage or languishing in a sterile busi-
ness center — to a space where they can truly roost(b).
“We can come out of hiding,” a coworker tells us, “and be
in a space that’s comfortable, friendly, and has an aesthetic
appeal that’s a far cry from the typical cookie- cutter office
environment.”
For many, it might be puzzling to pay for a wellequipped
space teeming with other people(c), even with the chance of
free coffee and inspiration. You might ask yourself, “Well, why
pay for a place to work when I’m perfectly comfortable at home
and paying nothing?” Or, “Isn’t the whole point of telecommu-
ting or starting my own business a chance to avoid ‘going to
the office’?”
Coworking may sound like an unnecessary expense(d), but
let’s consider what you get from being a part of the space.
At its most basic level, coworking is the phenomenon of
workers coming together in a shared or collaborative works-
pace for one or more of these reasons: to reduce costs by
having shared facilities and equipment, to access a community
of fellow entrepreneurs, and to seek out collaboration within
and across fields. Coworking spaces offer an exciting alterna-
tive for people longing to escape the confines of their cubicle
walls, the isolation of working solo at home, or the inconve-
niences of public venues.
The benefits and cost-savings in productivity and overall
happiness and well-being reaped from coworking are also
potentially huge. Enthusiasm and creativity become contagious
and multiply when you diversify your work environment with
people from different fields or backgrounds. At coworking spa-
ces, members pass each other during the day, conversations
get going, and miraculously idea-fusion happens with everyone
benefitting from the shared thinking and brainstorming.
Differences matter. Coworking hinges on the belief that
innovation and inspiration come from the cross-pollination of
different people in different fields or specializations. Random
opportunities and discoveries that arise from interactions with
others play a large role in coworking.
To see this in action on a large scale, think about Google.
Google made the culture of sharing and collaboration in the
workplace legend. It deployed “grouplets” for initiatives that
cover broader changes through the organization.
One remarkable story of a successful Google grouplet
involved getting engineers to write their own testing code to
reduce the incidence of bugs in software code. Thinking crea-
tively, the grouplet came up with a campaign based on posting
episodes discussing new and interesting testing techniques on
the bathroom stalls. “Testing on the Toilet” spread fast and
garnered both rants and raves. Soon, people were hungry for
more, and the campaign ultimately developed enough inertia
to become a de facto part of the coding culture. They moved
out of the restrooms and into the mainstream.
Keith Sawyer, a professor of psychology and education at
Washington University in St. Louis, MO, has written widely on
collaboration and innovation. In his study of jazz performan-
ces, Keith Sawyer made this observation, “The group has the
ideas, not the individual musicians.” Some of the most famous
products were born out of this mosh pit of interaction — in
contrast to the romantic idea of a lone working genius driving
change. According to Sawyer, more often than not, true inno-
vation emerges from an improvised process and draws from
trial-by-error and many inputs.
Unexpected insights emerge from the group dynamic. If
increasing interaction among different peer groups within a
single company could lead to promising results(e), imagine the
possibilities for solopreneurs, small businesses, and indie wor-
kers — if only they could reach similar levels of peer access as
those experienced by their bigger counterparts. It is this poten-
tial that coworking tries to capture for its members.
Available at: http://workawesome.com/productivity/coworking/. Retrieved
on: 21 Oct. 2011. Adapted.
The boldfaced verb form conveys the idea of strong necessity in
a) “independent workers, small businesses, and organizations
often had to choose between several scenarios”.
b) “to a space where they can truly roost.”
c) “it might be puzzling to pay for a well-equipped space tee-
ming with other people”.
d) “Coworking may sound like an unnecessary expense”.
e) “If increasing interaction among different peer groups
within a single company could lead to promising results”
Interpretação de Textos (compreensão).
51. (CESGRANRIO – 2013) The main purpose of the text is to
a) convince people in different fields or specializations that they
must work in pairs.
b) suggest that coworking is an economic and socially sti-
mulating alternative to boost workers’ well-being and
productivity.
c) question the relevance of teeming with other coworkers if
the professional can work peacefully from home.
d) criticize organizations that do not offer their employees the
opportunity to experience group dynamics.
e) campaign for the installation of comfortable coworking spa-
ces in all companies to encourage employees’creativity and
enthusiasm.
52. (CESGRANRIO – 2013) According to the text, all the reasons
below are benefits that support the choice of a collaborative
workplace, EXCEPT:
a) stimulate shared thinking and brainstorming.
b) reduce costs by sharing facilities and equipment.
c) promote interaction among different peer groups.
d) pay for workspace and having to commute to work.
e) escape the isolation and discomfort when working in public
spaces.
53. (CESGRANRIO – 2013) Google is mentioned in paragraphs 10
and 11 of the text in order to
a) contrast the legends on workplace productivity with Goo-
gle’s large scale marketing initiatives.
b) argument with a counter-example to prove that coworking
does not always bring about a successful result.
c) suggest that it is essential to campaign for new techniques
that will foster inertia in the work environment.
d) illustrate how software engineers can find better solutions
for bathroom installations.
e) demonstrate through example how workers in different
specializations can collaborate to find innovative solutions
for the business.
10
54. (CESGRANRIO – 2013) Professor Keith Sawyer mentions that
“The group has the ideas, not the individual musicians.” to mean
that
a) the dispute among consumers is the key to profitable pro-
duct-design changes.
b) the famous products result from professionals working
individually to achieve the aims of the group.
c) improvisation and trial-and-error always leads to the best
solutions for the market place.
d) good jazz performances are made up of individual musi-
cians who strive to play their instruments far louder than
the others.
e) it is the whole orchestra that makes the music sound plea-
sant just as it is the whole professional team that will achie-
ve a successful solution.
55. (CESGRANRIO – 2013) In the fragment “as those experienced
by their bigger counterparts” the pronoun those refers to
a) results.
b) possibilities.
c) solopreneurs.
d) levels.
e) counterparts.
56. (CESGRANRIO – 2013) The statements below represent opi-
nions collected from different workers. The only one which can
be considered as an argument against coworking is:
a) ‘One of the best things is that I pay lower than I would for a
dedicated office, so I don’t feel pressured to go to the cowor-
king facility every day.’
b) ‘Though my home office is great and I love it, I sometimes
need the distance and collaborative environment that my
coworking space provides.’
c) ‘The vibe of being around others can feel like a wave car-
rying you even when you’re not sure where to go – if you
need a little social boost.’
d) ‘Perhaps you won’t like any of the other people at your
coworking space, or that the proprietors aren’t putting
much effort into socializing or collaboration.’
e) ‘The shared space provides instant community and a sti-
mulating atmosphere around other professionals working
towards the same intentions as I am.’
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
57. (CESGRANRIO – 2013) The expression indie workers, refers to
a) retired civil servants.
b) lazy businessmen aiming for profit.
c) self-employed independent professionals.
d) expert employees at international organizations.
e) workaholic employers in large companies.
58. (CESGRANRIO – 2013) Based on the meanings in the text,
a) “puzzling” and confusing are antonyms.
b) “longing” and desiring express contradictory ideas.
c) “reaped” and derived express similar ideas.
d) “hinges on” and contradicts are synonyms.
e) “deployed” and spread out do not have equivalent meanings.
59. (CESGRANRIO – 2013) In the fragments “and to seek out col-
laboration within and across fields” and “the grouplet came up
with a campaign based on posting episodes”, the expressions
seek out and came up with mean, respectively,
a) get rid of / banned.
b) search for / produced.
c) come upon / discarded.
d) turn down / devised.
e) track down / excluded.
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
60. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) Leia o texto para responder às questões.
President Obama to Sleepy Air Controllers: ‘Better Do
Your Job’
Lisa Stark and Andrew Springer
President Obama lectured air traffic controllers in an exclu-
sive interview with ABC News, impressing on them the enor-
mous responsibility of safeguarding flying passengers and
telling them, “You better do your job.”
The president spoke after several controllers were caught
asleep on the job and the man in charge of air traffic control,
Hank Krakowski, resigned on Thursday.
“The individuals who are falling asleep on the job, that’s
unacceptable,” the president told ABC News’ George Stephano-
poulos in an exclusive interview on Thursday. “The fact is, when
you’re responsible for the lives and safety of people up in the
air, you better do your job. So, there’s an element of individual
responsibility that has to be dealt with.”
Five controllers have been suspended for apparently
napping on the job while planes were trying to land at their
airports. The president said a full review of air traffic control
work shifts is under way.
“What we also have to look at is air traffic control systems.
Do we have enough back up? Do we have enough people? Are
they getting enough rest time?” Obama said. He added, howe-
ver, “But it starts with individual responsibility.”
In March, two commercial airliners were forced to land
unassisted at Washington, D.C.’s Reagan National Airport after
a controller apparently fell asleep.
Just days later, two controllers at the Preston Smith Inter-
national Airport in Lubbock, Texas, did not hand off control of
a departing aircraft to another control center and it took
repeated attempts for them to be reached.
On Feb. 19, an air traffic controller in Knoxville, Tenn., slept
during an overnight shift. Sources told ABC News that the wor-
ker even took pillows and cushions from a break room to
build a make-shift bed on the control room floor.
And this month, there were two more incidents. A control-
ler fell asleep on the job in Seattle, and days later a controller in
Reno was snoozing when a plane carrying a critically ill passen-
ger was seeking permission to land.
The FAA and the controller’s union have been studying the
fatigue issue for over a year and their report finds that “acute
fatigue occurs on a daily basis,” and “fatigue can occur at any
time, on any shift.”
Sleep experts suggest midshift naps
Some sleep experts said controllers are ripe for fatigue
because they often bounce between day shifts and night shifts.
“When we’re constantly having to adjust to different work
schedules, our body is always playing catch up,” said Philip
Gehrman, Director of the Behavioral Sleep Program at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania.
Controllers on the night shift have another hurdle: they
often work in dim light conditions with little stimulation bet-
ween radio calls. “That’s exactly the kind of type of task that’s
hardest to maintain, when you’re at the wrong point in your
biological rhythms,” said Gehrman.
11
 One recommendation from the government study suggests
allowing controllers to take scheduled naps, with breaks as long
as two and a half hours to allow for sleeping and waking up.
Sleep experts said a long break in the middle of an eight
hour overnight shift would help, but it might be a tough sell
politically. It has taken decades to try to come up with new
fatigue rules for pilots and it may not be any easier when it
comes to controllers.
Available at: http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/obama-air-traffic--controllers-
individual-responsibility/story?id=13382280#.UA -XpFceSo. Retrieved on: July
25, 2012.
In the fragment of Text: “‘So, there’s an element of individual
responsibility that has to be dealt with.’” (lines 6-7), the expres-
sion has to expresses an idea of
a) ability.
b) capacity.
c) obligation.
d) permission.
e) possibility.
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
61. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) President Obama’s warning to air tra-
ffic controllers “‘You better do your job.’” (line 2, Text) can be
rephrased as
a) You should work in better jobs.
b) You need to be present at your job.
c) You should work better and more often.
d) You had better work as expected of you.
e) It would be better if you worked more intensely.
62. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) In Text, according to Philip Gerhman,
a) air traffic controllers are frequently changing shifts and such
irregular routine disrupts their biological rhythm.
b) air traffic controllers are generally fatigued because they
arrive home late and want to catch up with family news.
c) regular sleep periods at the same time on all days of the
week are mandatory.
d) adjusting to varied working hours is like playing a game to
catch up on leisure time.
e) dark rooms and monotonous working routines can signifi-
cantly alter our internal clocks.
63. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) The fragment of Text “but it might be a
tough sell politically.” (line 30) implies that it would be
a) easy to sell the idea that air traffic controllers need political
representatives.
b) hard to convince air traffic management that controllers
need long breaks during their working shifts.
c) fair to blame the working conditions of air traffic control-
lers on politicians who defend new job legislation.
d) possible to persuade politicians to take longer intervals bet-
ween working shifts.
e) difficult to argument that sleep experts understand the rea-
sons for sleep disorders of air traffic controllers.
64. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) In Text, in terms of reference, the bol-
dfaced pronoun
a) them in “and telling them” (line 2) refers to passengers (line
2).
b) it in “But it starts with individual responsibility.” (line 12)
refers to time (line 11).
c) them in “for them to be reached” (line 16) refers to control-
lers (line 15).
d) they in “they often bounce” (line 23) refers to experts (line
23).
e) it in “it may not be any easier” (line 31) refers to shift (line
30).
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
65. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) Based on the meanings in Text,
a) “safeguarding” (line 2) and protecting are antonyms.
b) “resigned” (line 4) and reassumed express similar ideas.
c) “snoozing” (line 19) and napping are not equivalent in
meaning.
d) “ripe” (line 23) and unprepared are synonyms.
e) “hurdle” (line 26) and barrier are synonyms.
66. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) In the fragments of Text: “did not hand
off control of a departing aircraft to another control center”
(lines 15-16) and “It has taken decades to try to come up with
new fatigue rules for pilots” (lines 30-31), the expressions hand
off and come up with mean, respectively,
a) introduce - exclude.
b) impose - produce.
c) request - discard.
d) transfer - create.
e) assign - avoid.
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
67. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) Leia o texto para responder às
questões.
A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G
by Jaime Kammerzell From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas (O&G)
industry compared to men, many women find rewarding
careers in the industry. Five women were asked the same
questions regarding their career choices in the oil and gas
industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and money.
Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down the
great starting salary and a chance to live in New Orleans.
Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas industry as
much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of the
challenging projects, and I want to be part of our country’s
energy solution.
Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil and gas
industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil companies
recruit. I received a summer internship with Texaco before my
last year of my Master’s degree.
Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering Job
Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came to the geos-
ciences department of my university annually and they sponso-
red scholarships for graduate students to help complete their
12
research. Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared
toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one of these
scholarships, my graduate advisor strongly encouraged me to
participate when the time came for O&G Industry interviews.
Woman 4: I was working for a company in another state
where oil and gas was not its primary business. When the com-
pany sold its division in the state where I was working, they
offered me a position at the company’s headquarters in Hous-
ton managing the aftermarket sales for the company’s largest
region. Aftermarket sales supported the on-highway, construc-
tion, industrial, agricultural and the oil and gas markets. After
one year, the company asked me to take the position of mana-
ging their marine and offshore power products division. I held
that position for three years. I left that company to join a new
startup company where I hold the position of president.
Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry was an
internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.I worked with a
lot of smart, focused and talented geoscientists and engineers.
Question 3: Describe your typical day.
Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. I generally
read email, go to a couple of meetings and work with the field’s
earth model or look at seismic.
Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids and work
on getting projects out the door. My days are never the same,
which is what I love about the job I have.
Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m.
(although the official day is shorter). We call the field every
morning for an update on operations, security, construction,
facilities and production engineering activities. I work with my
team leads on short-term and long-term projects to enhance
production (a lot of emails and Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3
meetings per day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing or upco-
ming work (production optimization, simulation modeling, dril-
ling plans, geologic interpretation, workovers, etc.). Beyond our
team, I also participate in a number of broader business initia-
tives and leadership teams.
Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. My day
usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phone calls and emails
with our facility in Norway, as well as other business rela-
tionships abroad. At the office, I am involved in the daily busi-
ness operations and also stay closely involved in the projects
and the sales efforts. On any given day I am working on
budgets and finance, attending project meetings, attending
engineering meetings, reviewing drawings and technical speci-
fications, meeting with clients and prospective clients, revie-
wing sales proposals, evaluating new business opportunities
and making a lot of decisions.
Woman 5: On most days I work on my computer to comple-
te my projects. I interpret logs, create maps, research local and
regional geology or write documents. I go to project meetings
almost every day. I typically work only during business hours,
but there are times when I get calls at night or on weekends
from a rig or other geologists for assistance with a technical
problem.
Adapted from URL: http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=11508.
Retrieved on February 14, 2012. 11
The sentence, in Text, in which the boldfaced expression intro-
duces an idea of addition is
a) “Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas (O&G)
industry compared to men, many women find rewarding
careers in the industry.”
b) “I chose the oil and gas industry because of the challenging
projects,”
c) “Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared toward
environmental studies,”
d) “as well as other business relationships abroad.”
e) “but there are times when I get calls at night or on weekends
from a rig or other geologists for assistance with a technical
problem.”
68. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) The only fragment from Text I that
presents a series of actions exclusively performed in the past is
a) “I chose the oil and gas industry because of the challen-
ging projects, and I want to be part of our country’s energy
solution.”
b) “I held that position for three years. I left that company to
join a new startup company where I hold the position of
president.”
c) “My first job in the oil and gas industry was an internship
with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans. I worked with a lot of
smart, focused and talented geoscientists and engineers.”
d) “At the office, I am involved in the daily business operations
and also stay closely involved in the projects and the sales
efforts.”
e) “On most days I work on my computer to complete my pro-
jects. I interpret logs, create maps, research local and regio-
nal geology or write documents.”
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
69. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) According to Text, when asked about
their choice of the oil and gas industry,
a) all the interviewees pointed out the relevance of having a
green job.
b) all the women felt really committed to solving the nation’s
energy problems.
c) all the interviewees mentioned that the challenges of the
field attracted them.
d) just one of the women commented that she was attracted
by the location of the job.
e) no interviewee considered the salary an important factor
for accepting the job.
70. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) In Text, using the interviewees’ expe-
rience, it can be said that getting a job in the O&G industry
can result from all the following situations, EXCEPT
a) participating in a job fair.
b) taking part in O&G Industry interviews.
c) applying to specific job ads via internet sites.
d) attending a university where major oil companies look for
prospective employees.
e) getting previous experience in an internship program with
an O&G organization.
71. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) In Text, according to the answers to
the third question in the interview,
a) Woman 1 implies that every day is the same for her, since
she performs exactly the same tasks routinely.
b) Woman 2 complains against her very boring schedule at the
office, dealing with strictly technical issues.
c) Woman 3 always works off hours and does not get involved
with the operations in the field.
d) Woman 4 has negotiations with the international branches
and gets involved in commercial and technical issues.
e) Woman 5 does not need to worry about preparing written
materials nor deciding on last-minute technical issues at
nights or on weekends.
13
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
72. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) Based on the meanings of the words
in Text,
a) major and main express opposite ideas.
b) headquarters could be substituted by main office.
c) smart and intelligent are antonyms.
d) enhance and reduce express similar ideas.
e) prospective and former are synonyms.
73. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) In Text, the expression “turn down”
in “I couldn’t turn down the great starting salary and a chance
to live in New Orleans” could be replaced, without change in
meaning, by
a) refuse.
b) take.
c) accept.
d) request.
e) understand.
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
74. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) Leia o texto para responder às questões.
Safety Meeting Presentation
Today’s meeting is really about you. I can stand in front of
you and talk about working safely and what procedures to fol-
low until I’m blue in the face. But until you understand the need
for working safely, until you are willing to be responsible for
your safety, it doesn’t mean a whole lot.
Some of you may be familiar with OSHA - the Occupational
Safety & Health Administration. The sole purpose of this agen-
cy is to keep American workers safe. Complying with OSHA
regulations isn’t always easy, but if we work together, we can
do it. Yet, complying with regulations is not the real reason for
working safely. Our real motive is simple. We care about
each and every one of you and will do what is necessary to
prevent you from being injured.
However, keeping our workplace safe takes input from
everyone. Management, supervisor, and all of you have to
come together on this issue, or we’re in trouble. For example,
upper management has to approve the purchase of safe equi-
pment. Supervisors, including myself, have to ensure that each
of you knows how to use that equipment safely. Then it’s up to
you to follow through the task and use the equipment as you
were trained. If any one part of this chain fails, accidents are
going to happen and people are going to get hurt.
Responsibility Number One - Recognize Hazards
At the core of your safety responsibilities lies the task of
recognizing safety and health hazards. In order to do that,
you must first understand what constitutes a hazard. Extreme
hazards are often obvious. Our hopes are that you won’t find
too many of those around here.
There are, however, more subtle hazards that won’t jump
up and bite you. As a result of your safety training and mee-
tings like these, some things may come to mind. For exam-
ple, a machine may not be easy to lock out. Common practice
may be to use a tag. This is a potential hazard and should be
discussed. Maybe something can be changed to make it easier
to use a lock. Other subtle hazards include such things as fra-
yed electrical cords, a loose machine guard, a cluttered aisle, or
maybe something that just doesn’t look right.
Responsibility Number Two - Report Hazards
A big part of recognizing hazards is using your instincts.
Nobody knows your job as well as you do, so we’re counting on
you to let us know about possible problems. Beyond recog-
nizing hazards, you have to correct them or report them to
someone who can. This too, is a judgement call. For example,
if something spills in your work area you can probably clean
it up yourself. However, if there is an unlabeled chemical con-
tainer and you have no idea what it is, you should report it to
your supervisor.
Additional Employee Responsibilities
Good housekeeping is a major part of keeping your work
area safe. For example, you should take a few minutes each
day to ensure that aisles, hallways, and stairways in your work
area are not obstructed. If boxes, equipment, or anything else
is left to pile up, you have a tripping hazard on your hands.
Those obstructions could keep you from exiting the building
quickly and safely should you face an emergency situation.
Also watch out for spills. These can lead to slips and falls.
Flammable materials are another thing to be aware of. Make
sure they are disposed of properly.
Keep Thinking. Even if you’re doing your job safely and you
are avoiding hazards, there are often even better ways to work
safely. If you have ideas for improving the safety of your job or
that of co-workers, share them.
Concluding Remarks
While nothing we do can completely eliminate the threat
of an incident, we can work together to improve our odds. As I
said, this must be a real team effort and I’m counting on input
from all of you. Let’s keep communicating and continue to
improve safety.
Available at: http://www.ncsu.edu/ehs/www99/right/training/ meeting/
emplores.html. Retrieved on: April 1st, 2012. Adapted.
The modal auxiliary in boldface conveys the idea of obligation
in the fragment:
a) “Some of you may be familiar with OSHA”
b) “we can do it.”
c) “and will do what is necessary to prevent you from being
injured.”
d) “you must first understand what constitutes a hazard.”
e) “Those obstructions could keep you from exiting the buil-
ding quickly and safely”
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
75. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) The main purpose of the text is to
a) blame supervisors and managers who cannot use equip-
ment safely in the office.
b) inform employees that the use of instincts is all it takes to
prevent dangers at work.
c) present OSHA to American workers who had never heard
about this organization.
d) argue that the acquisition of modern and safer equipment
can prevent all job accidents.
e) encourage the cooperation of all employees so as to prevent
dangers in the workplace.
76. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) The fragment ‘all of you have to come
together on this issue, or we’re in trouble.” is understood as a(n)
a) funny joke.
b) call to action.
c) violent threat.
d) ineffective request.
e) welcome imposition.
77. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) The pronoun “those” in the sentence
“Our hopes are that you won’t find too many of those around
here.” refers to
14
a) safety responsibilities.
b) safety and health hazards.
c) extreme hazards.
d) our hopes.
e) more subtle hazards.
78. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) According to the text, employees have
several safety responsibilities at work, EXCEPT
a) understanding what constitutes a hazard.
b) using their instincts to help prevent risks.
c) avoiding obstructed spaces in the work area.
d) eliminating the use of all flammable materials.
e) correcting dangers or reporting on them to have them
solved.
79. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) According to the text, it is clear that
the author
a) believes that labor risks cannot be reduced by team efforts
and commitment.
b) expects to be kept informed of potential situations that may
be dangerous.
c) considers the cooperation of workers an irrelevant measu-
re to improve safety at work.
d) defends that corporate management is accountable for all
issues regarding safety at work.
e) feels that co-workers’ suggestions are useless in identifying
hazards in the work environment.
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
80. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) ‘Until I’m blue in the face’ in the frag-
ment “I can stand in front of you and talk about working safely
and what procedures to follow until I’m blue in the face.” is
substituted, without change in meaning, by ‘until I
a) dismiss you’.
b) lose your attention’.
c) get breathless but cheerful’.
d) get exhausted and speechless’.
e) become discouraged and melancholic’.
81. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) The expressions “Complying with”
and “follow through” in the fragments “Complying with OSHA
regulations isn’t always easy,” and “Then it’s up to you to follow
through the task and use the equipment as you were trained.”
may, respectively, be substituted, without change in meaning,
by
a) accepting; quit.
b) respecting; leave
c) refusing; complete.
d) resisting; pursue.
e) obeying; conclude.
82. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) Based on the meanings in the text, it
is clear that
a) “sole” and only express similar ideas.
b) “injured” and hurt are antonyms.
c) “ensure” and guarantee express contradictory ideas.
d) “subtle” and obvious are synonyms.
e) “odds” and probabilities do not have equivalent meanings.
83. (CESGRANRIO – 2012) The expression in boldface introduces
the idea of consequence in the fragment:
a) “Yet, complying with regulations is not the real reason for
working safely.”
b) “In order to do that, you must first understand what consti-
tutes a hazard.”
c) “As a result of your safety training and meetings like these,
some things may come to mind.”
d) “However, if there is an unlabeled chemical container and
you have no idea what it is,”
e) “While nothing we do can completely eliminate the threat
of an incident,”
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
84. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) Leia o texto para responder às questões.
Are You Training Yourself to Fail?
Did you get done what you wanted to get done today?
By Peter Bregman. September 13, 2011 / Psychology Today
Some people are naturally pre-disposed to being highly
productive. They start their days with a clear and reasonable
intention of what they plan to do, and then they work dili-
gently throughout the day, sticking to their plans, focused on
accomplishing their most important priorities, until the day
ends and they’ve achieved precisely what they had expec-
ted. Each day moves them one day closer to what they intend
to accomplish over the year.
I am, unfortunately, not one of those people. Left to my own
devices, I rarely end my day with the satisfaction of a plan well
executed. My natural inclination is to start my morning with a
long and overly ambitious list of what I hope to accomplish and
push myself with sheer will to accomplish it. I’m prone to be
so busy — answering emails, multitasking, taking phone calls,
taking care of errands — that, without intervention, I would get
very little of importance done.
And then, exhausted by my busyness, but unsatisfied by
how little of importance I’d accomplished, I would distract
myself further by doing things that made me feel better in
the moment, if not accomplished — like browsing the internet
or eating something sweet.
Our instincts most often drive us toward instant gratifi-
cation. And the world around us conspires to lure us off task.
Given total freedom, most of us would spend far too much
time browsing websites and eating sweets. And being totally
responsive to our environments would just have us running
around like crazy catering to other people’s agendas.
For me, the allure of accomplishing lots of little details
would often override my focus on the big things I value. Each
morning I would try to change my natural tendency by exer-
ting self-control. I would talk to myself about how, starting this
morning, I would be more focused, psych myself up to have a
productive day, and commit to myself that I wouldn’t do any
errands until the important work was done.
It almost never worked. Certainly not reliably.
And so, without understanding it at the time, I was teaching
myself to fail. People talk about failure — I talk about failure —
as critical to learning. But what if we don’t learn? What if we do
the same things, repeatedly, hoping for different results but
not changing our behavior?
Then we are training ourselves to fail repeatedly.
15
 Because the more we continue to make the same mista-
kes, the more we ingrain the ineffective behaviors into our
lives. Our failures become our rituals, our rituals become our
habits, and our habits become our identity. We no longer expe-
rience an unproductive day; we become unproductive people.
You can’t get out of this pattern by telling yourself you’re a
productive person. You’re smarter than that; you won’t believe
yourself and the data won’t support the illusion.
You have to climb out the same way you climbed in: with
new rituals.
For me, the best way to discover the most effective rituals
to help me achieve my most important priorities was through
trial and error. Every evening I looked at what worked and
repeated it the next. I looked at what didn’t and stopped it.
What I found is that rather than trying to develop super-hu-
man discipline and focus, I needed to rely on a process to make
it more likely that I would be focused and productive and less
likely that I would be scattered and ineffective.
Rituals like these: Spending five minutes in the morning
to place my most important work onto my calendar, stopping
every hour to ask myself whether I’m sticking to my plan, and
spending five minutes in the evening to learn from my succes-
ses and failures. Answering my emails in chunks at predeter-
mined times during the day instead of whenever they come in.
And never letting anything stay on my to do list for more than
three days (after which I either do it immediately, schedule it in
my calendar, or delete it).
It doesn’t take long for these rituals to become habits and
for the habits to become your identity. And then, you become
a productive person.
The trick then is to stay productive. Once your identity
changes, you are at risk of letting go of your rituals. You don’t
need them anymore, you think to yourself, because you are
now a productive person. You no longer suffer from the pro-
blem the rituals saved you from.
But that’s a mistake. Rituals don’t change us. They simply
modify our behavior as long as we practice them. Once we
stop, we lose their benefit. In other words, being productive
— forever more — requires that you maintain the rituals that
keep you productive — forever more.
I would love to say that I am now one of those people who
is naturally pre-disposed to being highly productive. But I’m
not. There’s nothing natural about productivity for me.
Available in: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/ how-we-work/201109/
are-you-training-yourself-fail. Retrieved on: Sept. 17, 2011.
In “You have to climb out the same way you climbed in: with new
rituals” the modal that substitutes ‘have to’ without a change in
meaning is
a) may.
b) can.
c) must.
d) would.
e) might.
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
85. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) The author’s intention in this text is to
a) list all the daily tasks that end up in repeated failure at work.
b) suggest a strategy to keep focused on the main items on
one’s to-do list.
c) illustrate how he has easily overcome his problem of dis-
traction from relevant goals.
d) deny that rituals are good habits for developing discipline
and focusing on important tasks.
e) defend the idea that those who invest their time and energy
in modifying their habits are never successful.
86. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) In the first paragraph, Peter Breg-
man mentions people who are naturally pre-disposed to being
highly productive because he
a) wishes he could be like them.
b) would like to be as busy as they are.
c) does not understand why they like rituals.
d) never feels pleasure in accomplishing his tasks.
e) considers himself happier and more dynamic than these
people.
87. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) The sentence “It almost never wor-
ked.” refers to the fact that the author
a) tried to control his impulse of doing irrelevant errands
before facing his commitments.
b) had to change his goals to concentrate only on the details of
his daily tasks.
c) could never see the relevance of doing important work very
early in the morning on weekdays.
d) believes that failure is critical to learning, so it is not essen-
tial to control oneself to do the right things.
e) thinks that the world conspires to make people deny their
responsibilities and spend their time on leisure activities.
88. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) In “Once your identity changes, you
are at risk of letting go of your rituals.”, the author implies that
a change of identity
a) will certainly lead to behavioral misconduct and inconve-
nient daily habits.
b) will force you to be productive and remain so forever, never
needing your rituals anymore.
c) will reveal that habits are not part of your identity as an
under-achiever in the work environment.
d) can eliminate rituals because they are usually ineffective
strategies to achieve successful results.
e) is essential to force yourself to become and remain produc-
tive along the days by establishing effective rituals.
89. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) “I’m prone to be so busy […] that,
without intervention, I would get very little of importance
done.” illustrates that the author
a) is constantly distracted from his most relevant goals for the
day.
b) leads a very busy professional life with no time for his family
and friends.
c) can only fulfill his professional tasks by making use of pho-
ne calls and emails.
d) plans to do things that make him feel better before he
attempts his daily assignments.
e) has so many household tasks to accomplish that he cons-
tantly fails in most of his plans.
90. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) The author ends the text in a tone of
a) high hopes.
b) intense anger.
c) total conformity.
d) extreme satisfaction.
e) profound melancholy.
16
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
91. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) The expression busyness is in italics to
a) confuse the reader by referring to all of Peter Bregman’s
financial problems.
b) show that the author is not immediately accessible to talk to
other people at work.
c) point out that all the author’s enterprises are giving him a
succession of bad results.
d) highlight that the author is referring to himself as being
extremely full of activities.
e) convey to the reader that Peter Bregman has dedicated
himself to the company that he owns.
92. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) Based on the meanings in the text,
a) overly could be substituted by “moderately”.
b) responsive and “insensitive” are antonyms.
c) override and “invalidate” express opposite ideas.
d) ingrain and “reject” express similar ideas.
e) scattered and “concentrated” are synonyms.
93. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) In “Once we stop, we lose their bene-
fit.” the word “once” can be replaced, without changing the mea-
ning of the sentence, by
a) Despite the fact that
b) As soon as
c) As far as
d) Though
e) While
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
94. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) Leia o texto para responder às questões.
How to Avoid 7 Common On-the-Job Mistakes
By HEATHER HUHMAN. June 17, 2011. US News
Everyone makes mistakes — but some of those mistakes are
more avoidable than others. When it comes to your job, even just
one mistake could result in major consequences for your career.
Impress your employer by avoiding the following mistakes:
Mistake #1: Being unavailable
It’s inevitable that, at some point, your supervisor or
co-workers will approach you and ask for your help on an out-
side project or assignment. Although it might be tempting to
ignore those emails(a) or say no to additional work, don’t. You
might think that no one will notice if you don’t help with extra
work, but they will. And, although it’s not technically in your
job description, more companies today must do more with less
— meaning each employee needs to be flexible and multi-skil-
led. Make yourself indispensible by pitching in on other assign-
ments when possible. (Of course, don’t overextend yourself to
the point where you can’t get your normal work done.)
Mistake #2: Failing to dress to impress
Some of the best job advice I’ve heard is to always dress at
least one step above your current position. It helps others pic-
ture you working above your current position and makes you
look extremely professional. You’re not just an intern/entry-le-
vel professional, you have the potential to be so much more
— so act like it.
Mistake #3: Denying your mistakes
No one is perfect. And while doing projects to the best
of your ability is something you should strive to do(b), it
doesn’t mean you’ll never make a mistake or do something
incorrectly. If you make a mistake, own up to it and correct it.
Remember to not lose sight of the overall goal by focusing too
much on the little details. You could potentially miss deadlines
and quality of your work — not to mention drive your co-wor-
kers (and boss) crazy.
Mistake #4: Waiting for feedback
Many workplaces still don’t give employees feedback more
than a few times per year. If you wait around for feedback for
several months, you’re doing yourself (and your organization)
a disservice. Instead of waiting for your supervisor to come to
you(c), ask to set up a quick meeting to discuss your progress
thus far and any improvements you could make. Bring up
specific projects you’ve completed and ask for feedback on
things you were unsure about. This way, you know where you
stand in your position and at the company — before a formal
performance review comes across your desk.
Mistake #5: Not interacting with peers
Even if you’re doing spectacular work, you could be over-
looked if you sit at your desk each day and avoid interactions
with co-workers and upper management. When you need a
break, head over to the break room or cafeteria and interact
with other workers in your office. Not only will this help reduce
stress on the job, but you’ll have the potential to make some
great professional relationships, too.
Mistake #6: Not asking questions
Some people think asking questions is a sign of weakness.
Yet, when you’re unsure how to complete a task(d), it can be
hard to do it the right way the first time without clarification.
When assigned a new project, ask any questions that might
come up right then and there. Furthermore, you might also
want to inquire about how your success will be measured(e)
and how often you should update your boss on the progress.
Your supervisor would much rather that you ask questions
now in order to avoid potential problems later.
Mistake #7: Ignoring the corporate culture
When you first start on a new job, it’s important to take
note of cultural differences from previous workplaces. What
does everyone wear on a daily basis? How much socialization
goes on during the workday? Do employees tend to come in
early or stay late? What is the typical mode of communication
for the office? Assimilating to the culture is a great way to fit in
quickly at the organization and get along with other employees.
Available in: http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outsidevoices-
careers/2011/06/17/how-to-avoid-7-common-on-thejob- mistakes. Retrieved
on: Sept. 17, 2011. Adapted.
The sentence in which the boldfaced expression introduces an
idea of addition is
a) “Although it might be tempting ignore those emails…”
b) “And while doing projects to the best of your ability is some-
thing you should strive to do,”
c) “Instead of waiting for your supervisor to come to you,”
d) “Yet, when you’re unsure how to complete a task,”
e) “Furthermore, you might also want to inquire about how
your success will be measured…”
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
95. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) The main purpose of the text is to
a) impress potential employers in general.
b) assist employees in avoiding wrongdoings at work.
c) list job advices only for interns and entry-level professionals.
d) inform about job mistakes that supervisors frequently
commit at work.
e) suggest that employees wait patiently for feedback from
their employers.
17
96. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) According to the author’s comments
about mistakes #1, #2 and #3, it can be inferred that
a) it is essential to wear new and expensive clothes at work to
seem well off.
b) co-workers are always asking for help in assignments they
are not skilled to do.
c) it is wrong to confess mistakes made even when you correct
and make up for them.
d) employees should be willing to engage in additional work to
reveal their full potential.
e) employers should pay attention to every detail in their
jobs to guarantee the quality of their work regardless of
deadlines.
97. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) Based on what Heather Huhman com-
ments in mistakes #4 and #6, it is appropriate to
a) make sure you discover all the steps of a project without
having to ask for clarifications.
b) wait for your supervisor to tell you when the formal perfor-
mance review is scheduled to happen.
c) avoid adopting the habits of co-workers when you join a
new company, so as to show your own superiority.
d) never inquire about what you should do to improve in your
job, not to influence your boss to see your failures.
e) ask your supervisor how you will be assessed in your job
and how your performance can be improved.
98. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) Appropriate alternative titles for mis-
takes #3 and #5 are, respectively,
a) Trying to complete every task to perfection / Hiding out at
your desk
b) Avoiding mistakes by all means / Refusing interactions with
co-workers
c) Seeking perfection / Eliminating breaks during working
hours
d) Focusing only on your goals / Making professional contacts
with upper management
e) Meeting deadlines no matter what / Reducing stress in the
cafeteria
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
99. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) Based on the meanings in the text, the
two items are synonymous in
a) unavailable – accessible
b) current – past
c) strive – try hard
d) overlooked – noticed
e) unsure – undoubted
100. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) In the excerpts “... by pitching in on
other assignments …” (lines 17-18) and “ask any questions that
might come up right then and there”, the verb phrases ‘pitching
in’ and ‘come up’ mean, respectively
a) contributing to – arise
b) putting up with – drop off
c) fighting off – disappear
d) getting rid of – be forgotten
e) moving away from – be eliminated
101. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) The word in parentheses can replace
the boldfaced word without change in meaning in
a) “You might think that no one will notice…” – (should)
b) “more companies today must do more with less” – (have to)
c) “meaning each employee needs to be flexible and multi-s-
killed.” – (wishes)
d) “You could potentially miss deadlines…” – (must)
e) “it can be hard to do it the right way…” – (will)
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
102. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) Leia o texto para responder às
questões.
Why Companies Need Less Innovation
By Pat Lencioni
Perhaps the most popular—and misunderstood—term of
the first decade of the new millennium is “innovation.” A new
stack of books and articles is produced every year asserting the
critical importance of innovation for organizations that want
to survive, especially during these challenging times. And to a
large extent, I agree with that assertion. Unfortunately, most
organizations in search of innovation seem to be generating as
much cynicism as they are new thinking.
The problem(a) isn’t so much that we’re overstating the
importance of innovation; it’s more about what so many lea-
ders are doing with it(a). Too many of them(b) are exhorting all
of their employees(b) to be more innovative, providing classes
and workshops designed to teach everyone how to think out-
side the box. They’re also doing their best to include innova-
tion on a list of core values, emblazoning the word on annual
reports and hallway posters, hoping that this will inspire peo-
ple to come up with new ideas that will revolutionize the long-
-term strategic and financial prospects of the company.
For all the talk about innovation, most executives don’t
really like the prospect of their people generating new ways to
do things, hoping instead that they’ll simply do what they’re
being asked to do in the most enthusiastic, professional way
possible. So it is no surprise(c) when leaders get pounded for
preaching innovation without really valuing it(c).
Only a Few Innovators
What should leaders(d) do? Be more open to new ideas
from employees? Probably not. Better yet, they(d) should stop
overhyping innovation to the masses and come to the realiza-
tion that only a limited number of people in any company really
needs to be innovative.
As heretical as that may seem to those who want to belie-
ve that “innovation is everyone’s business,” consider that even
the most innovative and creative organizations need far more
people to be dutiful, enthusiastic, and consistent in their work
than innovative or creative.
Think about a movie set. For every writer or director or actor
on the payroll, there are hordes of people who have to be tech-
nically proficient, consistent, patient, and disciplined in their res-
ponsibilities. If they innovate, the project turns to chaos.
And the most creative restaurant requires the work of a
single chef to design a fabulous menu, and dozens of cooks
and waitresses and waiters and dishwashers who will do their
jobs with commitment, consistency, and dutifulness. If the
cooks innovate, consistency is gone and customers can’t rely
on what they’re going to get. Even a high-tech company doesn’t
want or need its finance department or sales staff to be truly
innovative.
What should leaders demand of their people, if not innova-
tion? How about a combination of interpersonal creativity and
autonomy? “Creatonomy.” I realize that sounds like a protein
drink for bodybuilders; however, what it means is that we need
our employees to take complete responsibility to do their jobs
and satisfy customers in the most effective and charismatic
18
way possible, but within the bounds of sound business prin-
ciples. For those who say “Well, that’s what we mean when we
use the word ‘innovation’,” one needs to realize that it’s not
what employees are hearing.
The Creatonomy Factor
Creatonomy is something that thrives in great companies.
The world’s best airlines, quick-service restaurant companies,
department stores, and entrepreneurial businesses excel
in it. Their employees are passionate and committed and take
complete responsibility for their work, consistently turning cus-
tomers into loyal fans. Sure, they’re encouraged to share their
ideas about new ways to work, but most of what they are kno-
wn for is being great at what has already been defined as the
product or service that their company offers. And most leaders
I know would take that any day, even before innovation.
There is one group of people in an organization that(e) has
to exercise the capacity for innovation(e), regardless of their
functional area. That group is the leadership team. Tho-
se who are chartered with overseeing a company’s various
departments from the top are the keepers of innovation. They
are ultimately responsible for determining the boundaries of
change that are acceptable and, perhaps most important of all,
identifying the handful of others within their departments who
have the invitation and freedom to innovate.
Therefore, if you’re a leader, the next time you think about
giving a speech or sending out an e-mail calling for your people
to innovate, consider being more specific about what you
really want from them. And if you really believe that your orga-
nization isn’t innovative enough, focus your efforts first on the
people at the top.
http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/aug2010/
id20100825_409624.htm, retrieved on December 19, 2010. (slightly adapted)
In terms of reference,
a) “...it.” refers to “...problem...”
b) “...them...” refers to “...employees...”
c) “...it.” refers to “...surprise...”
d) “they...” refers to “...leaders...”
e) “...that...” refers to “...innovation.”
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
103. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) The author’s intention in this text is to
a) warn organizations that 21st century employees should
abandon creatonomy at work.
b) clarify the scope of innovation in business environments
and restrain its relevance to certain jobs.
c) blame employees for distorting the original meaning of
innovation for their benefit.
d) encourage employees to become more creative and inno-
vative than the leadership team.
e) suggest that top leaders in industrial companies should
avoid being innovative.
104. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) The fragment “…to teach everyone
how to think outside the box.” suggests that company leaders
are
a) stimulating employees to adopt classic ways of thinking and
behaving.
b) defending that all workers must learn to organize their
materials in classified boxes.
c) showing their employees how to look further and see things
from unconventional perspectives.
d) finding ways to criticize the business executives’ lateral
thought processes which contradict standard ideas.
e) planning new courses and training sessions that will tea-
ch workers to follow all of the norms for out-of-company
procedures.
105. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) In “…only a limited number of peo-
ple in any company really needs to be innovative.”, the fragment
“really needs to be” transmits the idea of
a) minor ability.
b) strong necessity.
c) weak possibility.
d) severe regulation.
e) inevitable advice.
106. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) In paragraphs 6 and 7, the contexts of
a movie set and a creative restaurant are mentioned to illustra-
te the fact that
a) those are the only areas in which innovation is, definitely,
not welcome.
b) only actors and cooks are allowed to take innovative actions
in their jobs.
c) chefs and movie directors must excel in innovation just as
every business employee.
d) all employees in the entertainment industry are taught to
be innovative and creative all the time.
e) in all business contexts, innovation and creativity are
essential aptitudes for only a part of the professionals.
107. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) The question “What should leaders
demand of their people, if not innovation?” implies that
a) people feel that innovation only matters for demanding
business leaders.
b) innovation is not in demand for all leaders and customers.
c) innovation is irrelevant for most business leaders nowadays.
d) leaders should require all their people to be innovative.
e) leaders should expect their subordinates to develop skills
other than innovation.
108. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) The author defends ‘creatonomy’ at
work because
a) creativity and autonomy are the only characteristics requi-
red of business leaders.
b) employees should be extremely innovative and avoid follo-
wing the norms for their jobs.
c) customers request to be attended to by business assistants
who follow the politeness principles.
d) employees should be able to act responsibly and serve their
clients appropriately and pleasantly.
e) people working in the same company should share feelings
of harmony and credibility.
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
109. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) In the fragments “…this will inspire
people to come up with new ideas that will revolutionize the
long-term strategic and financial prospects of the company.”
and “… customers can’t rely on what they’re going to get.”,
“come up with” and “rely on” could be replaced in the text with,
respectively,
a) suggest – depend on
b) propose – calculate
19
c) supply – understand
d) borrow – count on
e) discard – believe in
110. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) The boldfaced item is synonymous
with the expression in parentheses in
a) “Unfortunately, most organizations in search of innovation
seem to be generating as much cynicism as they are new
thinking.” – (Definitely).
b) “So it is no surprise when leaders get pounded for prea-
ching innovation without really valuing it.” – (Nonetheless).
c) “If they innovate, the project turns to chaos.” – (Although).
d) “however, what it means is that we need our employees to
take complete responsibility to do their jobs…” – (moreover).
e) “Therefore, if you’re a leader, the next time you think about
giving a speech or sending out an e-mail calling for your
people to innovate,” – (Thus).
111. (CESGRANRIO – 2011) Based on the meanings in the text,
a) “...asserting...” and denying are synonyms.
b) “...overstating...” and emphasizing express similar ideas.
c) “...exhorting...” and encouraging are antonyms.
d) “...prospect...” and possibility express contradictory ideas.
e) “...thrives...” can not be substituted by flourishes.
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
112. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Leia o texto para responder às
questões.
The importance of discovering your plan B
By John W. Mullins and Randy Komisar
If the founders of Google, Starbucks, or PayPal had stuck
to their original business plans, we’d likely never have heard
of them. Instead, they made radical changes to their initial
models, became household names, and delivered huge returns
for their founders and investors. How did they get from their
Plan A to a business model that worked? Why did they succeed
when most new ventures crash and burn?
Every aspiring entrepreneur, whether they desire to start
a new company or create something new within an existing
company, has a Plan A — and virtually all of these individuals
believe that their Plan A will work. They can probably even ima-
gine how they’ll look on the cover of Fortune or Inc. magazine.
Unfortunately, they are usually wrong. But what separates the
ultimate successes from the rest is what they do when their
first plan fails to catch on. Do they lick their wounds, get back
on their feet, and morph their newly found insights into great
businesses or do they doggedly stick to their original plan?
Let’s face an uncomfortable fact: the typical startup pro-
cess, largely driven by poorly conceived business plans based
on untested assumptions, is seriously flawed. Most new ventu-
res, even those with venture capital backing, share one common
characteristic. They fail. But there is a better way to launch new
ideas — without wasting years of your time and loads of inves-
tors’ money. This better way is about discovering a business
model that really works: a Plan B, like those of Google and Star-
bucks, which grows out of the original idea, builds on it, and once
it’s in place, enables the business to grow rapidly and prosper.
Most of the time, breaking through to a better business
model takes time. And it takes error, too — error from which
you learn. For Max Levchin, who wanted to build a business
based on his cryptography expertise, Plans A through F didn’t
work, but Plan G turned out to be the ubiquitous PayPal we
know today.
Getting to Plan B in Your Business
How can you break through to a business model that will
work for your business? First, you’ll need an idea to pursue.
The best ideas resolve somebody’s pain, some customer pro-
blem you’ve identified for which you have a solution that might
work. Alternatively, some good ideas take something in custo-
mers’ lives that’s pretty boring and create something so supe-
rior it provides true customer delight, as was the case for the
Walkman and the iPod.
Next, you’ll need to identify some analogs, portions of whi-
ch you can borrow or adapt to help you understand the econo-
mics and various other facets of your proposed business and
its business model. And you’ll need antilogs, too. As we have
seen from the Apple story, analogs and antilogs don’t have to
only be from your own industry, though. Sometimes the most
valuable insights come from rather unusual sources.
Having identified both analogs and antilogs, you can quickly
reach conclusions about some things that are, with at least a
modicum of certainty, known about your venture. But it is not
what you know that will likely scupper your Plan A, of course.
It’s what you don’t know. The questions you cannot answer
from historical precedent lead to your leaps of faith — beliefs
you hold about the answers to your questions despite having
no real evidence that these beliefs are actually true.
To address your leaps of faith, you’ll have to leap! Identi-
fy your key leaps of faith and then test your hypothesis. That
may mean opening a smaller shop than you aspire to operate,
just to see how customers respond. It may mean trying diffe-
rent prices for your newly developed gadget to see which price
makes sales pop. By identifying your leaps of faith early and
devising ways to test hypotheses that will prove or refute them,
you are in a position to learn whether or not your Plan A will
work before you waste too much time and money.
The European Business Review Available at: http://www.
europeanbusinessreview.com/?p=1608 - retrieved on July 4th, 2010.
The word “might” in “… you have a solution that might
work.” can be replaced without change in meaning by
a) must surely.
b) will certainly.
c) may probably.
d) can eventually.
e) should definitely.
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
113. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) According to the authors,
a) businesses only prosper if they strictly adopt their Plan A.
b) most famous companies fail because their leaders never
stick to their original plan.
c) it is necessary to be faithful to the first business plan and
wait for customers to respond.
d) some currently successful companies had to give up their
initial plans for alternative business models.
e) companies always fail when they decide to adopt their Plan
B as a shortcut to their original business strategy.
114. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Google, Starbucks and PayPal are
mentioned in paragraph 1 since they
a) are the only well-known companies in America nowadays.
b) represent companies which have never delivered high
returns to the investors.
c) are examples of companies which made significant altera-
tions to their original business plans.
20
d) illustrate the kind of businesses that remained loyal to their
original plans and fought for results.
e) have founders who have been on the cover of Fortune
magazine and are the world’s richest men.
115. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Mulins and Komisar, in paragraph 3,
state that the typical business startup process is usually unsuc-
cessful because it
a) does not invest rich sums or waste years on precise plan-
ning to design an elaborate business model.
b) shares common characteristics with traditional businesses
that have survived crises.
c) expects the business to grow rapidly and prosper faster
than all other companies in the market.
d) rejects venture capital funding and does not expect imme-
diate returns.
e) is based on inadequately designed business plans and on
market hypothesis that are not previously tested.
116. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Max Levchin, mentioned in paragra-
ph 4, can be considered a(an)
a) persistent businessman who fought for success.
b) careless worker who didn’t take time to build a business
model.
c) foolish entrepreneur who insisted on opening his own
company.
d) expert in cryptography who failed as a businessman.
e) impatient investor who did not believe PayPal would
prosper.
117. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) The term in parentheses expresses
the idea introduced by the term in bold in
a) “Instead, they made radical changes to their initial models,”
– (replacement).
b) “Unfortunately, they are usually wrong.” – (reason).
c) “Alternatively, some good ideas take something in custo-
mers’ lives that’s pretty boring…” – (cause).
d) “Next, you’ll need to identify some analogs,”
– (exemplification).
e) “beliefs you hold about the answers to your questions des-
pite having no real evidence…” – (consequence).
118. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) In the fragments “…their first plan
fails to catch on.” and “How can you break through to a busi-
ness model…”, the expressions “catch on” and “break through to”
mean, respectively,
a) arrange; find.
b) work; discover.
c) capture; give in.
d) pick up; destroy.
e) triumph; deteriorate.
119. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) The expression “...leaps of faith”
refers to
a) a religious conviction that the business project is definitely
going to prosper.
b) confidence on the various concrete evidences that your
business model will surely be successful.
c) everything you do not know about the returns of your
investment and should not worry about.
d) knowledge about historical precedents that are applicable
to your company’s current situation.
e) assumptions about the aspects of the business you propose
that are carefully thought of but not tested.
120. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) The pair of expressions that express
opposing ideas is
a) “...stuck to...” – abandoned.
b) “...grows out of... “ – develops from.
c) “...pursue.” - follow.
d) “...scupper...” – ruin
e) “...devising...” – elaborating.
121. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) The sentence “It may mean trying
different prices for your newly developed gadget to see which
price makes sales pop.” implies that
a) higher product pricing will certainly lead to more market
sales.
b) sales are determined solely by the characteristics of the
gadget.
c) the most appropriate price should be defined by the
competitors.
d) the cheaper the product is, the more profitable the com-
pany will be.
e) previous testing of price ranges will help find the one which
will boost sales.
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
122. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Leia o texto para responder às
questões.
The Trends of Green Business for 2010 and Beyond
By Guest Blogger on Jun 8, 2010
Today’s business is all about being green. From Walmart
to Apple, everyone is talking about how green their approach,
packaging, or methods are. But green business is really in its
infancy, and the future of being green will no doubt distill down
to some very real and definable goals and practices.
In fact, businesses that today find themselves carrying the
green banner will be put to the test to define their actions, and
it must make sense to the soon to be green savvy public. So,
what are some of these definable trends that will dictate the
future of green business? Let’s take a look.
A Measure Impact
First up, businesses will find it harder to do business under
the “Green” herald unless they hold themselves accountable
to their own carbon footprint. While today we can find a num-
ber of carbon footprint calculators, the net results tend to vary
between sites. As time continues on, these results will merge
together to a more cohesive reporting structure, and this is the
measuring stick to which the company will report.
A company’s net carbon footprint may be as important to
its success as its bottom line, since no doubt one could drive
the other. This is especially true if it is a public company that is
directly coupled to selling to the public.
Building Greener Buildings
For a lot of businesses, a major part of their environmental
impact can be found in the very building that their business
takes place in. A green building is not only potentially cheaper
to operate, it can pay big dividends in brand appearance and
customer loyalty.
21
 In other words, you may find that it is cheaper to be green
than not. Today utilities are being held accountable for energy
standards, but incentives may make it the logical choice for
all businesses.
Green Branding With The Customer
Soon businesses will find that it is simply not enough to
talk to consumers about being green – instead they will need to
educate them. Through promotions, handouts, special deals,
and other means, businesses will find that an educated custo-
mer will better appreciate the new emphasis on being green.
By relating to the customer on green issues, the door is
open for further dialog on others. Even such things as giving
out free branded reusable bags is a simple but effective way of
using the green relationship to build the business and improve
the customer relationship.
Open Green Practices
The consumer of today is better informed than ever before,
and this is a trend that will no doubt continue. In order for a
business to be seen as green, it will no doubt need to have
the chain more open to all parties. This can be seen today by
the inclusion of local growers in big chain grocery stores, and
the trend will no doubt continue.
Not only grocery stores and produce markets will be affec-
ted by the need for open green practices. Restaurants will find
it beneficial to proudly declare that a particular side item
is being provided by a given local producer. The act of being
green is really building a responsible community on a global
scale, so it should come to no surprise that strengthening the
local community ties works well with being green.
With these trends, the future of a successful green business
will be defined. The businesses soon must responsibly measu-
re and report their environmental impact to a given standard.
They must build the places of business to a green standard.
They will need to reach out and connect to their customers on
green matters, to the advantage of both. And finally, they
will need to develop and refine openly green practices that tie
together the sense of a green community.
While these trends are more evolutionary than revolutio-
nary in their arrival, you may be surprised at how fast they can
become a standard accepted business process in 2010 and
beyond.
Available at: http://www.futureofbusiness.info/ - retrieved on June 27, 2010.
In the fragment “A company’s net carbon footprint may be as
important to its success as its bottom line, since no doubt one
could drive the other.”, “since” can be substituted by
a) because.
b) however.
c) while.
d) when.
e) so.
123. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) In “you may be surprised at how fast
they can become a standard accepted business process in 2010
and beyond.” the verb form “may” expresses
a) necessity.
b) certainty.
c) obligation.
d) capability.
e) possibility.
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
124. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) The main purpose of the article is to
a) criticize private companies that still do not calculate their
own carbon footprints.
b) report on some recent and future tendencies of environ-
mentally correct businesses.
c) justify why only large companies like Walmart and Apple
can be considered truly green businesses.
d) encourage new companies to reduce their environmental
impact only by limiting their energy consumption.
e) convince consumers to buy food products exclusively from
green grocery stores, markets and restaurants.
125. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) According to the text, all the exam-
ples below are definable trends that will dictate the future of
green business, EXCEPT
a) building greener working environments.
b) consuming items provided by local growers or producers.
c) educating customers to adopt greener practices while
shopping.
d) paying financial dividends to loyal consumers of green
companies.
e) adopting a more standardized measurement of the com-
pany’s carbon footprint.
126. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) According to paragraphs 7 and 8,
educating customers to become green is beneficial to green
businesses because customers
a) must learn about the all limitations imposed by a green
lifestyle.
b) do not want to give up fashionable branded shopping bags
for reusable ones.
c) will not be tricked by promotions, handouts and special
deals for green products.
d) are not interested at all in learning about modern green
practices that will raise the price of products.
e) will identify with an environmentally-friendly shop if they
perceive the importance of being green.
127. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) According to the text, “…the inclusion
of local growers in big chain grocery stores,” is seen as a(n)
a) effort made by all shops in order to attract local consumers.
b) excuse used by some irresponsible stores that pretend to be
green.
c) frequent strategy used by local producers to please small
restaurants.
d) tendency already adopted by food markets that follow green
practices.
e) attempt to develop the sense of a green community in the
poorest environments.
128. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) The fragment “to the advantage of
both.” indicates that there will be
a) advantages for customers exclusively.
b) benefits for customers and green businesses alike.
c) gains for the customers and loss for the businesses.
d) positive results for clients and more environmental impact.
e) further development of green matters regardless of
customers.
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
129. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Based on the meanings in the text,
a) “…goals…” cannot be substituted by aim.
22
b) “…loyalty.” and suspicion express similar ideas. c) in spite of
c) “…accountable…” and responsible are synonyms. d) instead of
d) “…reusable…” is the opposite of recyclable. e) because of
e) “…beneficial…” and advantageous express contradictory
ideas.
131. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) In “To release their stored energy,
fossil fuels must be burned.” the expression in boldtype can be
replaced by
Æ GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
a) have to be.
130. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Leia o texto para responder às b) have been.
questões. c) would be.
Fossil Fuels
d) might be.
The twentieth century has been called the hydrocarbon
e) shall be.
century due to the abundance of fossil fuels, and their con-
tribution to human development. Fossil fuels were formed
over millions of years by the decomposing remains of plants
and animals under immense heat and pressure. This process
resulted in energy laden fuels coal, petroleum, and natural
gas, which together have generated most of the energy consu- Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
med globally for over a century, paving the way for continued
advancement and new inventions. 132. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) The text “Fossil fuels” can be classi-
fied as a
Fossil fuels are currently the most economically available
source of power for both personal and commercial uses. Petro- a) recommendation for future use and transport of fossil
leum fuels our cars and thirst for plastics, while natural gas and fuels.
coal heat and electrify our homes. Mass transportation is also b) manual for the recycling of fossil fuels consumed in
largely propelled by fossil fuels. In 2005, more than 3/4 of total industries.
world energy consumption was through the use of fossil fuels.
c) 0panoramic account of the past, present and future oossil
Petroleum led with over 43.4 percent of the world’s total ener-
fuels in society.
gy consumption, followed by natural gas (15.6 percent) and
coal (8.3 percent). North America is the largest consumer of d) historical perspective of world energetic resources before
fossil fuels, utilizing nearly 25 percent of the world’s resources. the Industrial Revolution.
Long thought to be inexhaustible, fossil fuels have been e) newspaper article on recent discoveries in oil drilling and
used extensively since the Industrial Revolution. However, their economic potential.
many believe that the world is using fossil fuels at an unsus-
tainable rate. Some experts believe that the world has already
reached its peak for oil extraction and production, and that it
133. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) “This process...” refers to the
is only a matter of time before natural gas and coal follow
suit. These near-term concerns about oil supply have led to a) decrease of the energy produced by fossil fuels.
increasing focus on, and exploration of, alternative sources of b) discovery of natural resources millions of year ago.
petroleum, such as in tar sands and oil shale.
c) artificial decomposition of plants, animals and natural gas.
To release their stored energy, fossil fuels must be burned.
d) disintegration of plants and animals under extremely cold
It is during this combustion process that a variety of emissions
conditions.
and particulates, including ash, are released into the atmos-
phere. Primary releases are sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon, whi- e) deterioration of the remains of living beings caused by heat
ch can be harmful to the environment. They can combine with and pressure.
water vapor in the air to form acidic compounds that create
acid rain, and burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, a
greenhouse gas that scientists believe is key factor in global
134. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Paragraph 3 introduces the idea that
climate change.
a) oil reached the maximum volume of sales last century.
There are also environmental risks associated with extrac-
ting, transporting, and utilizing fossil fuels. Mining for coal and b) alternative sources of fuel are being employed at their peak
drilling for oil are especially hazardous because the digging capacity.
of massive mines and wells can change the surrounding lands- c) the world consumption of fossil fuels has been growing
capes and bring massive amounts of salt water to the surface uncontrollably.
which can damage nearby ecosystems without proper treat-
d) natural gas and coal are not suitable as replacements of oil
ment and sequestration. Natural gas extraction is somewhat
in industrial settings.
safer, but can also be hazardous. While there are regulations in
place that attempts to minimize the risks, it is impossible to eli- e) fossil fuels emerged as the major energy source long before
minate them completely. However, regulation is not sufficient; the Industrial Revolution.
there must be continued research in developing new techno-
logies for both fossil fuel and renewable energy, in addition
to increasing conservation measures. Environmental Literacy
135. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Concerning the figures relative to the
Council
year 2005, as mentioned in paragraph 2.
http://www.enviroliteracy.org/subcategory.php/21.html, access on March
14th, 2010. a) “more than 3/4...” refers to the quantity of fossil fuels reser-
ves consumed along the year.
b) “...over 43.4 percent...” efers to the share that oil represents
In “The twentieth century has been called the hydrocarbon cen- in the overall quantity of energy consumed globally.
tury due to the abundance of fossil fuels, and their contribution c) “15.6 percent” refers to the amount of natural gas resources
to human development.”, ‘due to’ can be substituted by annually consumed in North America.
a) such as d) “8.3 percent”refers to the share of coal used only for heating
b) besides American homes.
23
e) “...nearly 25 percent...” indicates the percentage of fossil
fuels saved in North America.
136. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) According to paragraph 4, all the ele-
ments below result from the burning of fossil fuels, EXCEPT
a) acid rain
b) water vapor
c) ash emissions
d) greenhouse gas
e) sulfur, nitrogen and carbon releases
137. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Among the solutions to minimi-
ze the risks associated with the use of fossil fuels, the author
suggests the
a) expansion of secure activities, such as mining for coal and
drilling for oil.
b) substitution of fossil fuels for natural gas, because this is a
harmless source of energy.
c) development of new technologies in producing energy
from fossil fuels and natural resources.
d) adoption of proper treatment techniques in all salt water
reservoirs and the surrounding ecosystem.
e) elimination of the existing regulations and the charge of
fines for those who do not adopt conservation measures.
138. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) In terms of the organization of ideas
in the text,
a) paragraph 1 introduces the main problems related to the
consumption of fossil fuels nowadays.
b) paragraph 2 emphasizes the minor role fossil fuels have
been playing in the modern world.
c) paragraph 3 informs that fossil fuels will never be replaced
by other less polluting fuels.
d) paragraph 4 explains how fossil fuels impact the environ-
ment and contribute to climate change.
e) paragraph 5 brings an extensive list of ecological dangers
and industrial disasters resulting from the consumption of
fossil fuel.
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
139. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Based on the meanings in the text,
the option in which the two words are synonymous is
a) “...largely...” – locally
b) “...inexhaustible,...” – finite
c) “...harmful...” – beneficial
d) “...hazardous...” – dangerous
e) “...minimize...” – increase
GRAMÁTICA (INGLÊS)
140. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Leia o texto para responder às
questões.
Happy 150th, Oil! So Long, and Thanks for Modern
Civilization
By Alexis Madrigal WIRED SCIENCE, August 27, 2009
One hundred and fifty years ago on Aug. 27, Colonel Edwin
L. Drake sunk the very first commercial well that produced flo-
wing petroleum. The discovery that large amounts of oil could
be found underground marked the beginning of a time during
which this convenient fossil fuel became America’s dominant
energy source.
But what began 150 years ago won’t last another 150 years
— or even another 50. The era of cheap oil is ending, and with
another energy transition upon us, we’ve got to extract all the
lessons we can from its remarkable history.
“I would see this as less of an anniversary to note for cele-
bration and more of an anniversary to note how far we’ve
come and the serious moment that we’re at right now,” said
Brian Black, an energy historian at Pennsylvania State Univer-
sity. “Energy transitions happen and I argue that we’re in one
right now. Thus, we need to aggressively look to the future to
what’s going to happen after petroleum.”
When Drake and others sunk their wells, there were no
cars, no plastics, no chemical industry. Water power was the
dominant industrial energy source. Steam engines burning
coal were on the rise, but the nation’s energy system — unlike
Great Britain’s — still used fossil fuels sparingly. The original
role for oil was as an illuminant, not a motor fuel, which would
come decades later.
Oil, people later found, was uniquely convenient. To equal
the amount of energy in a tank of gasoline, you need 200 pou-
nds of wood. Pair that energy density with stability under
most conditions and that, as a liquid, it was easy to transport,
and you have the killer application for the infrastructure age.
In a world that only had a tiny fraction of the amount of
heat, light, and power available that we do now, people came
up with all kinds of ideas for what to do with oil’s energy: cars,
tractors, airplanes, chemicals, fertilizer, and plastic.
The scale of the oil industry is astounding, but it’s becoming
clear the world’s oil supply will peak soon, or perhaps has pea-
ked already. People discuss about the details, but no one
argues that oil will play a much different role in our energy sys-
tem in 50 years than it did in 1959.
The search for alternatives is on. If that search goes poorly
— as some Peak Oil analysts predict — human civilization will
fall off an energy cliff. The amount of energy we get back from
drilling oil wells in the middle of the Gulf of Mexico continues to
drop, and alternative sources don’t provide usable energy for
humans on the generous terms that oil long has.
Yet humans with an economic incentive to be optimistic
become optimists, and the harder we look, the more possible
alternatives we find. The big question now is whether the
cure for our oil addiction will come with a heavy carbon side
effect.
Over the next 20 years, synthetic fuels made from coal or
shale oil could conceivably become the fuels of the future. On
the other hand, so could advanced biofuels from cellulosic
ethanol or algae. Or the era of fuel could end and electric vehi-
cles could be deployed in mass, at least in rich countries.
With the massive injection of stimulus and venture capital
money into alternative energy that’s occurred over the past few
years, the solutions for replacing oil could already be circula-
ting among the labs and office parks of the country. To para-
phrase technology expert Clay Shirky talking about the media,
nothing will work to replace oil, but everything might.
If history tells us anything, it’s that energy sources can
change, never tomorrow, but always some day.
“What is required is to operate without fear and to take
energy transitions on as a developmental opportunity,” Black
said.
slightly adapted from: http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/ 2009/08/
oilat150/#ixzz0gW1mC0Zm, access on Feb. 10, 2010.
In the fragment “nothing will work to replace oil, but everything
might.” (line 29) the verbs ‘will’ and ‘might’, respectively, convey
the idea of
a) possibility, doubt.
b) fact, high probability.
c) probability, suspicion.
d) future possibility, certainty.
e) certainty, remote probability.
24
Æ INTERPRETAÇÃO DE TEXTOS (COMPREENSÃO)
141. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) The author’s intention in this text is to
a) complain about the useless efforts and investments in new
sources of energy.
b) celebrate the fact that oil has been the world’s cheapest
form of energy ever known.
c) support the worldwide view that oil is the only possible
source of energy for the future.
d) prove that oil production is large enough to supply all the
world’s energy needs for the next 150 years.
e) stress the relevance of oil in the history of civilization and
the need for alternative energy sources.
142. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Alexis Madrigal comments that oil
was
a) initially used to supply energy for lighting purposes.
b) less important as an energy source in the last century than
biofuels.
c) a cheap fuel for most industrial uses and will certainly con-
tinue to be so.
d) found to be inappropriate to replace wood in providing
energy for motors.
e) relatively important due to its by-products, for pharmaceu-
ticals, fertilizers and plastics.
143. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) According to Brian Black in paragra-
phs 3 (lines 6-8) and 13 (lines 32), energy transitions should be
a) understood as phases of uncertainty when historians beco-
me more serious and aggressive.
b) celebrated as a special event that represents the end of
non-lucrative periods in oil production.
c) seen as opportunities to reflect on past achievements and
evaluate the right investments for the future.
d) taken as fearful periods in which people feel hopeless about
the unstable supply and distribution of energy.
e) considered serious moments in history since they always
bring unexpected and dangerous consequences.
144. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) In paragraph 9 (lines 22-23), Alexis
Madrigal shows concern for the
a) convenient implications of oil addiction to the ecological
balance.
b) choice of heavy carbon as an easy alternative fuel to substi-
tute oil.
c) few alternative sources of energy that would effectively
replace oil.
d) environmental impact of the sources of energy that might
replace oil.
e) optimistic human beings who pay incentives to choose
alternatives to oil.
145. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) The fragment “…energy sources can
change, never tomorrow, but always some day.” (line 30) implies
that
a) energy sources may eventually change.
b) energy sources will certainly change overnight.
c) it is highly unlikely that energy sources will change one day.
d) it is possible to predict when the energy sources should
change.
e) it is possible to anticipate the changes energy sources have
to go through and their timing.
146. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) The title of this text is a reference to
all of the facts below EXCEPT for
a) the high return on investments in drilling oil in the last 150
years.
b) the anniversary of the discovery of the first commercial oil
source.
c) all of the modern developments that the finding of oil made
possible.
d) a need to say goodbye to oil as new energy sources must be
developed.
e) the long history of oil as a major economic industry in the
modern world.
Æ VOCABULÁRIO E TRADUÇÃO (INGLÊS)
147. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) In the fragments “…people came up
with all kinds of ideas for what to do with oil’s energy…” (lines
15-16) and “The amount of energy we get back from drilling oil
wells…” (line 20), the phrases “came up with” and “get back”, can
be replaced without change in meaning by, respectively,
a) prevented – miss
b) proposed – recover
c) supplied – destroy
d) suggested – invest
e) discarded – collect
148. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) The pair of words that express oppo-
sing ideas is
a) “...remarkable...” – extraordinary.
b) “...sparingly.” – economically.
c) “...tiny...” – huge.
d) “...drop,” – fall.
e) “...deployed...”– used.
149. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) The expression in bold type introdu-
ces a consequence in
a) “But what began 150 years ago...”
b) “Thus, we need to aggressively look to the future...”
c) “If that search goes poorly —”
d) “Yet human with an economic incentive to be optimistic...”
e) “On the other hand, so could advanced biofuels...”
150. (CESGRANRIO – 2010) Leia o texto para responder às
questões.
Energy is a basic human need. Without energy, everything
would come to a standstill. A necessary factor in fostering
human development and economic growth is a secure, affor-
dable, reliable, clean, and sustainable energy supply. Today
we face monumental challenges: global warming, the waning
of natural resources, explosions in population growth, increa-
sing energy demand, rising energy prices, and unequal distri-
bution of energy sources. All of these factors(a) contribute to
the urgent need(b) to transform the energy sector(c) - which
primarily relies on fossil fuels(d) - to one that uses renewable
energies and energy efficient measures(e).
Renewable energy is one of the key solutions to the current
challenges facing the world’s energy future. Many countries
already foster the production and use of renewable energy
through different approaches on a political and economic level
because they recognise the many benefits renewable energy
provides. The current use of renewable energy, however,
is still limited in spite of its vast potential. The obstacles are
25
manifold and include: lengthy permitting procedures, import
37 A 87 A
tariffs and technical barriers, insecure financing of renewable
energy projects, and insufficient awareness of the opportuni- 38 D 88 E
ties for renewable energy.
39 B 89 A
This is where the International Renewable Energy Agency
(IRENA) can play a role. A major task of the Agency is to develop 40 D 90 C
comprehensive solutions to the above- mentioned challenges, 41 E 91 D
such as fostering all types of renewable energy, and to con-
42 A 92 B
sider various renewable energy policies at the local, regional,
and national levels. 43 E 93 B
IRENA was officially established in Bonn on 26 January 44 C 94 E
2009. To date 142 states and the European Union signed the
Statute of the Agency; amongst them are 48 African, 37 Euro- 45 B 95 B
pean, 33 Asian, 15 American and 9 Australia/Oceania States. 46 D 96 D
Mandated by these governments worldwide, IRENA will promo-
te the widespread and increased adoption and sustainable use 47 D 97 E
of all forms or renewable energy. Acting as the global voice for 48 A 98 A
renewable energies, IRENA will facilitate access to all relevant
renewable energy information, including technical data, eco- 49 C 99 C
nomic data and renewable resource potential data. IRENA will 50 A 100 A
share experiences on best practices and lessons learned regar-
ding policy frameworks, capacity-building projects, available 51 B 101 B
finance mechanisms and energy efficiency measures related to 52 D 102 D
renewable energy projects.
53 E 103 B
In fulfilling its work, IRENA considers specific environmen-
tal, economic, and socio-cultural conditions of its Members. The 54 E 104 C
active involvement of stakeholders from the energy industry,
academia, civil society, and other institutions is very important 55 D 105 B
for the Agency to implement successful and enduring policy 56 D 106 E
solutions. Therefore, it intends to regularly consult and
cooperate with organisations and networks already engaged in 57 C 107 E
the field of renewable energy in order to complement and pool 58 C 108 D
their work resources, thus creating added value.
http://www.irena.org/, access on March 14, 2010. (Adapted) 59 B 109 A
60 C 110 E
In the fragment “which primarily relies on fossil fuels” the pro-
noun ‘which’ refers to 61 D 111 B
a) “...these factors...” 62 A 112 C
b) “...urgent need...”
63 B 113 D
c) “...energy sector”
64 C 114 C
d) “...fossil fuels”
e) “...energy efficient measures.” 65 E 115 E
66 D 116 A
67 D 117 A

GABARITO 68 C 118 B
69 D 119 E
1 D 19 E 70 C 120 A
2 B 20 A 71 D 121 E
3 C 21 D 72 B 122 A
4 C 22 C 73 A 123 E
5 A 23 B 74 D 124 B
6 E 24 A
75 E 125 D
7 C 25 E
76 B 126 E
8 D 26 B
77 C 127 D
9 B 27 D
78 D 128 B
10 A 28 A
79 B 129 C
11 C 29 B
80 D 130 E
12 E 30 D
81 E 131 A
13 D 31 A
82 A 132 C
14 D 32 E
15 E 33 B 83 C 133 E

16 E 34 E 84 C 134 C

17 C 35 A 85 B 135 B
18 D 36 D 86 A 136 B

26
 137 C 144 D
138 D 145 A
139 D 146 A
140 E 147 B
141 E 148 C
142 A 149 B
143 C 150 C

ANOTAÇÕES

27
ANOTAÇÕES

28