GENERAL PARTS OF THE BODY Lungs – polmoni Stacks – pile

Arms- braccia Multifidus – muscle under the weight bench long, low surface
Back – schiena erector spinae used when lifting weightsdumb
Nails – unghie Weight machine – macchina per
Ears-orecchie
pesi
Eyes – occhi Neck - collo
Bench – where you sit on
Face – faccia Obliques – obliqui are two sets of
Brand – a type of product made
Feet (foot) – piedi (piede) muscles that run along the sides
by a particular company under a
of the abdomen
Fingers - dita particular nome
Palm - palmo EXERCISE EQUIPMENT 2
Hands – mani
Pectorals – pettorali are the Bend – piegare
Head – testa
wide, flat muscles on the front of
Knees – ginocchia Elliptical trainer – ellittica
your chest
Legs – gambe Handlebar – manubrio per
Pelvis - bacino
Lips – labbra tenersi
Posture – postura is the position
Mouth – bocca Recument bike – bici sdraiata a
in which a person hold his or her
stationary bike that has a semi-
Neck – collo body
reclined backrest
Nose – naso Quadriceps – quadricipiti
Rowing machine - vogatore
Shoulders – spalle Rectus abdominis – retto
Stair stepper – stepper per scale
Stomach – stomaco addominale
Straight - dritta
Teeth (tooth) – denti (dente) Rotator cuff – cuffia dei rotatori a
Treadmill – tapis roulant
Toes – dita dei piedi group of muscles inside the
shoulders Upright bike – bici verticale a
Tongue – lingua workout machine that mimics
Elbow – gomito Shin - stinco
the classic bike
Armpit - ascella Shoulder – spalla
Preprogrammed – the condition
BODY MUSCLES Spine – colonna vertebrale is a
of having a present workout plan
series of bones that runs up a
Ankle - caviglia Dual- action bike – a stationary
person’s back
Biceps – bicipiti are on the front bike with moving handlebars
Thingh – coscia
Bottom – sedere ACTIONS
Trapezius – trapezio is shaped
Calf (calves) – polpaccio (to) Bend – piegare to curve
like triangles and latissimus dorsi
(polpacci) something so that it’s no longer
are wide, flat muscle on the back
Calves – muscoli del polpaccio in a straight or upright position
Triceps – tricipiti are on the back
Chest - pettorali (to) Hold - tenere
Waist - vita
Deltoids – deltoidi are the Jog – fare jogging to run or trota t
Wrist – polso
muscles that go around the a slow or leisurely pace
shoulders EXERCISE EQUIPMENT 1 jump – saltare to spring or leap
Elbow – gomito Ankle weigh – peso alla caviglia into the air
Erector spinae – 3 muscles from Barbell – manubrio a long, metal (to) Lean – appoggiarsi to move
the neck to the lower back bar with weights attached at one’s weight to one side
Fist – pugno either end (to) Lift – sollevare to raise
Dumbpell – manubrio da mano a something or someone upward
Forearm - avambraccio
handheld weight set at a fixed Lunge – balzare in avanti
Gluteals – glutei
weight or with adjustable weight Raise - aumentare
Hamstrings – muscoli coscia
Kettlebell – peso per squat cost Reach – raggiungere to extend a
Heel – tallone iron, circular (round) weight with part of the body in a particular
Hip – anca a handle direction
Hip flexors – flessori dell’anca Plate – to be used on a bar/ it’s Rotate - ruotare
Kidneys – reni found , flat with a hole in the
Run – correre to maintain a pace
Latissimus dorsi – gran dorsale middle and it’s made of metal
that is faster than walking or
Liver – fegato Pins – perni jogging
Stretching – fare stretching
Squat – fare squat
(to) Swing - oscillare when you
swing something you move it
backward and foreward and from
side to side
Touch - toccare
Walk – camminare to move on
foot at a place that is slower than
when jogging or running
THE MUSCOLAR SYSTEM
Cardiac muscle – muscolo
cardiaco it’s involuntary and
make brief, single contraction
Ligaments - legamenti
Muscle tissue – tessuto
muscolare
Skeletal muscle – muscolo
scheletrico muscle connected to
the skeleton and operate in pairs.
There are voluntary muscle
Smooth muscle – muscolo liscio
located in the body’s internal
organs . we cannot control these
muscles. They are able to keep
tension for large amounts of time
Tendons – tendini
THE CARDIORESP. SYSTEM
Blood – sangue the fluid made up
of plasma and blood cells
Carbon dioxine –anidride carb.
Deoxygenated – deossigenato
the condition of not having
oxygen
Exhalation – esalazione the act of
breathing out carbon dioxide
Heart - cuore
Heavy breathing – respiro
pesante
Inhalation – inalazione the act of
breathing in oxygen
Lungs - polmoni
Oxygen – ossigeno
BIOMECHANICS: ANATOMIC
LOCATIONS
Above – sopra
Below – sotto
Front – anteriore
Back - posteriore
Frontal plane – piano frontale
divide the body into anterior and
posterior halves
Sagittal plane – piano sagittale
creates right and left sides
Sideways – lateralmente
Transverse plane – piano
trasverso divide the body into
upper and lower halves
Ipsilateral – positioned on the
same side of the body as another
body part
Medial – positioned closer to the
middline of the body
Superior – above a referenced
location on the body
Controlateral: positioned on the
opposite suide of the body from
another body part
Proximal – in a position closest to
the centre of the body or a
specific location
Inferior – below a referenced
location on the body
BIOMECHANICS: MUSCLE
ACTIONS
Concentric - concentrico
Eccentric –eccentrico
Isokinetic – isocinetico producing
a fixed, constant velocity of
motion with varied resistance
Isometric – isometrico producing
constant muscle lenght with no
visible movement
Isotonic – isotonico describing a
range of motion that produces
force and constant tension
Rotatory motion – moto
rotatorio a movement that is
characterized by rotation
Force couple – two equal forces
acting simultaneously
Length-tension relationship – a
muscle’s return to it resting
lenght
THE FITNESS ASSESSMENT
Blood pressure – pressione
sanguigna
Body composition –
composizione corporea
Circumference measurements –
Misurazioni della circonferenza
can be taken at the neck, waist or
chest
Health screening – screening
sanitario
Heart rate – frequenza cardiaca
Iliac crest measurement –
misurazioni cresta iliaca is taken
above the hip bone at the
abdomen
Skinfold measurements –
misurazioni della pelle
Subscapular measurements –
misurazioni sottoscapolari
THE WORKOUT
Warm-up – riscaldamento a way
to get ready to exercise more
intensely
Group fitness class – gruppo
d’allenamento a class for
exercising with other people
Cool-down – defaticamento a
way to gradually get your heart
back to normal
Boredom – annoiato the feeling
of being uninterested
Variety – varietà a large range of
things
Routine – a set of activities or
action performed in a certain
way
Stretching – the act of extending
muscle
Aerobic – requiring oxygen
Anaerobic – not requiring oxygen
Creative – original and
interesting
Conditioning – the act of doing
activities to increase the body’s
strenght
PHASES OF TRAINING
Hypertrophy training: many
repetitions, only short rest
periods.
Maximal strength training:
focuses on improving body
strenght.
Stabilization endurance training:
it focuses on stability, endurance,
flexibility.
Strength endurance training: it
uses supersets, promotes
stability, endurance and
hypertrophy.
Power training: force and speed,
supersets.
Hypertrophy – a training
technique using large ammounts
of repetition with short rest
breaks
Stability – the condition of being
balanced and steady
Promote – to encourage
something to develop or improve
CARDIO TRAINING (FITTE)
Frequency
Intensity – the level of stress that
an exercise activity put on the
body
Time – the lenght of the period in
which one engages in an exercise
activity
Type – a form or style of exercise
Enjoyment.
Exertion – sforzo the act of
putting forth great strength or
sustained affort to perform an
action
Overtraining – allenamento
eccessivo
Workload – carico di lavoro
Maximal – being at the highest or
upper-most limit
Talk test – a method of
measuring the intensity of a
particular exercise
Fitte principle – the factors of
frequency, intensity, type, time
and enjoyment
Level – a position in degree,
amount or rank
Incline – a slape or angled
surface
Interval – a period between
events or states of being
Alternate – to change from one
to another
Training zone – a phase of fitness
activity
Circuit training – a form of
training consisting of a series of
strenght training axercises
Interval training – a form of
training in which the level of
intensity varies
Principle of specificity – the belief
that the body adapts to the
stress put on it and, later
requires more
Recovery – the process of
regaining one’s normal energy
level, heart rate and respiratory
rate.
BALANCE TRAINING
1 Stabilization exercise
2 Strength exercise
3 Power exercise
Center of gravity – centro di
gravità the centre of mass of an
object
Equilibrium – equilibrio
Motionless – immobile
Shape – forma
Stable - stabile
Surface – superficie the
antermost layer or area of
something
Unstable – instabile
Balance the state of equilibrium
of the body
Variable a certain aspect that is
susceptible to change
Stationary the state of being
motionless
RESISTANCE TRAINING
Delayed-onset muscle soreness –
indolenzimento muscolare ad
insorgenza ritardata is the
general soreness of the muscles
after aither on unaccustomed
exercise or a sudden increase in
the intensity of training
Exhaustion – esaurimento
Mechanical specificity –
specificità meccanica
Metabolic specificity – specificità
metabolica the variation of
energy used during training
Neuromuscolar specificity –
specificità neuromuscolare
Resistance development -
sviluppo di resistenza
Soreness – indolenzimento
Uniquely – univocamente
An alarm reaction – is the body’s
initial reaction to the stress of
lifting weights
Periodization – is the process of
allowing the body to became
accustomed to a stressor through
a series of stages
Set – a group of repetition
performed in resistance training
Repetition – the cycles of raising
and lowering weights
Said principle – the concept that
the body will react uniquely to
different stressors
Resistance training – the type of
training that uses weights to
build muscle
NUTRITION
Carbohydrated – carboidrati is a
compound of carbon, hydrigen
and oxygen and is found in
sugars and starch
Fatty acid – acido grasso is a
chain of organic acid compounds
that are either satured or
unsatured
Polynsatured – if a fatty acid is
polynsatured it has numerous
triple and double bonds per
molecule
Monounsaturated –
monoinsaturi if a fatty acid is
monounsatured it has one
double or triple bond per
molecule
Protein – proteine is made up of
amino acids linked by peptide
bonds that help build and repair
tissues and structures. Protein is
used for energy when not
enought calories or
carbohidrates are consumed
Polyunsaturated – polinsaturi
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) –
metabolismo a riposo is the
ammount of energy spent while
at rest. RMR represent the
smallest amount of energy
required to sustain blood
circulaton, respiration and
normal body temperature
Total energy expenditure (TEE) –
dispendio energetico totale
Satured – if an organic
compound is satured, it has
neither double or triple bonds
between carbon atoms
Unsatured – insaturi – if an
organic compound is unsatured it
has both double and triple bonds
betxeen carbon atoms
Nutrition – is the process by
which animals and plants use
food substances to avoid in the
growth and reair of tissues
Nutrient – is a substance that
provides essential nourishment
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
Amino acid – ammino acido a
substance found in the body that
combines to create proteins
Capsules – capsule medicine that
you swallow without chewing
Dietary supplement – a pill, liquid
or powder that provides extra
nutrition to a person’s diet
Excessive ingestion – ingestione
eccessiva being more than is
reasonable or needed
Illegal – begin against the law
Ingestion – the act of taking food
and liquid into the body
Ergogenic aids – aiuti ergogenici
Harmful – dannoso
Herbs – erbe
Intake – presa, the quantity of
something that you take into the
body
Minerals – minerali
Multivitamins – multivitamine a
pill filled with vitamins and
minerals that people take to
improve their health
Nutrients – nutrienti
Pills - pillole
Powders – polveri
Vitamins – vitamine
FITNESS CHRONIC CONDITIONS
Body mass index (BMI) – indice di
massa corporea is a measure of
body fat that is the ratio of
weight (kg) to height (mt)
Abrupt – brusca
Adhere – aderire
Asthma – asma a chronic lung
disease that causes sudden
attacks of difficulty in breathing
Adverse – causing unfavorable
results
Arthritis – artrite, caused by
chronic joint inflammation
Blisters – vesciche
Bronchitis – bronchite
Bone mineral density – densità
minerale ossea
Bone stress – the pressure
applied to bones by weight or
force
Caution – the carefull attention
paid to a potentially dangerous
situation
Cancer – cancro group of
diseases causing uncontrolled
growth of cell
Coronary heart disease –
malattia coronarica a chronic
illness caused by plaque build up
within the coronary arteries
Diabetic – diabetico
Dyspnea - dispnea
Dysfunctional fibrous lung tissue
– tessuto polmonare fibroso
disfunzionale
Expenditure – spesa energetica
the amount of energy expended
by the body to carry out activities
Emphysema – enfisema
Fall – cadere a sudden collapse or
descent
Flare-ups – fiammate the sudden
onset of simptoms
Fracture – frattura
Gait – andatura the particular
way that eachperson walks
Hyperglycemic – iperglicemico
person affected by higher than
normal blood glucose level
Hypoglycemic – ipoglicemico
person affected by low blood
glucose level
Hypertensive – ipertensivo
person affected by abnormally
high blood pressure
Hypotensive – ipotensiva person
affected by abnormally low blood
pressure
Glycemic – concerning blood
glucose level
Intervention – the medical care
provided in hope of relieving an
illness or injury
Jerky – convulsa
Joints – articolazioni
Lung disease – malattia
polmonare
Mobility – mobilità a measure of
the physical ability to move
Morbidly obese –
patologicamente obesi
Osteoarthritis – osteoartrite is a
condition caused by soft or
damaged cartilagine in joint
Osteopenia – loss of bone
mineral density
Obstructive lung disease – lung
disorders caused by restricted air
flow due to airway obstruction
Privacy – being protected from
unwanted interference or
attentiuon
Prescribed medication – farmaco
prescritto
Proprioceptive training –
allenamento prpiocettivo is a
muscle training mothod that
focuse on exercises to develop
sensory receptors in muscles
Pshycosocial – psicosociale
Self esteem – autostima the
positive way a person feels about
oneself
Prone – prono
Risk – the measurement of the
ammount of danger from an
activity
Restriction – a limitation placed
on a person or particular activity
Restrictive lung disease lung
disorders caused by poor
condition of the fibrous tissue
Rather weak – piuttosto debole
Rheumatoid arthritis – artrite
reumatoide is an autoimmune
disease that causes inflammation
in connective tissue
Sedentary – sedentarietà
spending too much time sitting
with little physical exercise
Sprained – slogata
Strain – sforzo
Stable – stabile
Supine – supino
Trust – fiducia a measure of faith
and confidence in a person or
idea
Tensive – concering blood
pressure
Weight bearing exercise –
esercizio di carico
Well-being – benessere
Weight-supported exercise –
esercizio sostenuto dal peso
exercise where some or all of the
body weight is supported
Valsalva manevuer – manovra di
Valsalva
SAFETY
Commercial fitness equipment –
attrezzature fitness commerciale
Liable – responsabile being
legally responsable for costs or
damages
Maintenance – manutenzione
the work that is need to keep
something in good condition or
working order
Premises – premessa a building
that is used for business
purpouse
Condition – the state that
something closely
Supervision – supervisione
Waiver – rinuncia a document
that states you are giving up your
right to hold someone liable
Properly – done in a correct way
Attention –the focus or
concentration someone lends to
an activity
COACHING AND BEHAVIORAL
STRATEGIES
Adherence – aderenza
Attainable - raggiungibile
Aware – consapevole
Exercise imagery – immagini di es
Goal-setting – obiettivo
Psyched up – eccitato
Scippery - scivoloso
Self-management skills – capacità
di autogestione
Self-monitoring – autocontrollo
Self-talk – parlare di se
INJURIES
Bruise – livido an area of skin
discoloration that may be painful
to the touch caused byblood
vessel leakage
Blister – vescica a fluid bubbles of
skin caused by friction or burns
Carpal tunnel syndrome –
sindrome del tunnel carpale
Dislocation – dislocazione is an
injury that results in the
displacement of a bone from a
joint
Inflammations – the swelling and
pain caused by an injury or
infection
Lacerations – lacerazioni
Pulled muscles – muscoli tirati
Shin splints – an injury caused by
inflammation of the tendons that
attach to the front of the shins
Sprains – distorsioni is an injury
that affected the ligaments of a
joint and is caused by overstretch
Stress fractures – fratture da
stress a small crack that occurs in
a bone caused by overtired
muscles
Swelling – rigonfiamento
Swollen – gonfia
Tears – lacrime an injury to a
muscle or ligament that causes
some of the tissue to pull apart
and separate
Tendonitis – tendiniti the
inflammation of a tendon that
usually occurs due to excessive
use
Tennis elbow – gomito del
tennista an injury caused by a
tear in the tendons or muscles
around the elbow
CPR AND FIRST AID
Aed – a defibrillator that is used
to prevent cardiac arrest from
occuring
Cpr – rianimazione cardio
polmonare an emergency
procedure that provides an
unconscious person with oxygen
Analgesics – analgesici
Antibiotic ointment – pomata ant
Bandages – bendaggi
Cold packs – impacchi freddi
Defibrillator – defibrillatore an
eletronic device used on people
experiencing cardiac arrest
Heart attack – attacco di cuore
First aid – temporary treatment
given to a person in the instance
of illness or injury
First aid kit – kit di primo
soccorso a collection of supplies
and equipment used for
temporary medical treatment
Gauzes – garze
Gloves – guanti
Heart attack – an episode of
heart disease characterized by
severe chest pain
Shock – the inability of the
circlation sistem to supply
enough blood to tissue
Trauma – a serious injury to living
tissue caused by an outside
factor
OTHER
Engaging - avvincente
Futhermore – inoltre
Moreover – inoltre (se cosa
introdotta + imp. di preced.)
Infer – dedurre
Sore – dolorante (noun)
Therefore - perciò
Wide – larga (agg.)
Flat - piatti