🔴Gary Bunch "Inclusive education is the pedagogical practice

founded on the philosophical belief that all students,

ED 4
irrespective of abilities and disabilities have the right to obtain
⚫SPECIAL GOALS OF EDUCATIONAL education together, according to age that everyone will profit
from regular school setting
SPECIAL EDUCATION

🔴Special education aims to: 🔴Cushner et al. (2006)

1. Provide a flexible and individualized support system "Inclusive education is the practice of including another group
of students in regular classrooms, students with physical,
2. Provide support services, vocational programs and work
developmental or socio-emotional disabilities and those with
training employment opportunities;
health problems
3. Implement a life-long curriculum; and

4. Make available an array of educational programs and

services the special education center built on "a school
within a school concept" based programs, alternative
modes of service delivery to reach the disadvantaged
children in far-flung towns, depressed areas and
underserved barangays
🔴The goal of the special education programs of the department
o education all over the country is to provide children with
🔴Inclusive Education is the core principle of the K to 12 Basic
Education Program.
This promotes the right of every Filipino to quality, equitable,
culture- based, and complete basic education. Through
inclusive education, all Filipinos will realize their full potential
and meaningfully contribute to building the nation.

🔴 MULTIGRADE EDUCATION - One of the continuing initiatives

special needs appropriate educational services within the
mainstream of basic education
of the Department of Education (Depid along its thrust of
🔴 Special Education is a practice of educating students in a way increasing access to quality elementary education is
that addresses their individual differences and special strengthening the implementation of the Multigrade Program
needs. in the Philippine Education MPPE

🔴MADRASAH EDUCATION- The Madrasah Education

🔴 Special Education is an instruction designed to meet the
unique needs of students with disabilities ranges from
partially to severely disable Progrom (MEP) aims to provide the Muslim learners with
appropriate and relevant,
🔴Special Education Program specifically aims to enhance access

🔴PERSONAL SELF SUFFICIENCY - An important goal of SPED is

and upgrade the quality of SPED programs and services,

⚫INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
to help child become independent...
🔴Inclusive Education is a learning environment where
FUTURE ENVIRONMENT - A forecast of how a child with
children with and without disabilities are taught together.
disability
- can
Firstmove on to
Institute onthe
thenext level ofand
education education,
training of the
as equals.

⚫LEGAL
mentally retarded (special child study center and ADMU) –
1965 MANDATES

🔴Magna
🔴 Millennium Development Goals(MDG) - BPS organized national committee on Sped, General
Carta
Letter No. forregulating
213: Disabled Person
the size(RA
of 7277,1995)
special classes of
maximum effectiveness.-1967

🔴 Policies
- and
R.A. guidelines in Special
5250: An act Education
establishing a ten (REVISED 1997)
year training
program for teachers of special and exceptional children in
 🔴 Education For All(EFA)

⚫HISTORY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN THE

PHILIPPINES
🔴FRED ATKINSON ( General Superintendent)-1902

🔴David Barrows (Director of Public Education) -1907

🔴 HARRISON STREET PASAY CITY- Philippine school for

the deaf

🔴POLO ROAD- Phil. National school for Blind

🔴MS DELIGHT RICE- first administrator and teachers of

sped.

- Wefareville Childrens Village in Mandaluyong-1927

- Philippine Foundation for the rehabilitation of the

Disabled-1949

- Private sector started supporting the government’s

program for Filipinos with disabilities-1950 to 1975

- Elsie Gaches Village was established to take care of the

abandoned chikdren-1953

- First week of August was declared as SIGHT SAVING WEEK-

1954

- Elks cerebral palsy project Incorporated- 1956

- Special education section of the special subjects and

services Division- 1957 (teacher training, legislation, census
of exceptional children, material production , etc.)

- Manila Youth Reception Center (MYRC), DECS issued

Circular No. 11 s. 1962 “Qualification of special education
Teachers.” And St. Joseph of Cupertino School for mentally
retarded-1962

- Teacher Scholar Training for Blind Children at PNU, Manila

Science High School For Gifted Students- 1963

1999- DECS Orderno.104: Exemption of the physically
handicappped by taking NAT and NSAT National Secondary
Apttitude Test. DECS Order No. 108: Strengthening of SPED
program in Public Schools. DECS Order No. 498 “Search for
the 199 most Outstanding SPED Teacher for the gifted.
Memorandum no. 457 “national photo contest on
disability”.
2000s- DECS Order No.11 “Recognized SpEd Centers in the
Philippines. Memorandum No.24 “Fourth International
Noise Awareness Day”. 4th week of November: National
Observance of the week of gifted and talented.
LEGAL BASES OF SPECIAL AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
A. IDEA- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act- IEP be
develop for every SPED student between 3 and 21
B. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child-every child should
be recognised, respected and protected as a rights holder
and as a unique and valuable human being.
C. UNESCO Salamanca Statement- All children should learn
together , regardless of any difficulties that they have.
D. R.A. 7277 Magna Carta For disabled persons (RA 9442:
Ammendments)- provide rehabilitation, self-development
and self-reliant of disabled persons
E. DO 117, S. 1987– POLICIES AND GUIDELINES FOR SPECIAL
EDUCATION- Republic Act (RA) 11650, inked by Duterte on
March 11, provides that no learner shall be denied
admission based on their disability.
F. 10533 (RA 10533), otherwise known as the Enhanced Basic
Education Act of 2013, has expanded the years of schooling
in basic education from 10 years to 12 years.
G. Ra 837-An Act to recognize, protect and promote the rights
of Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples,
creating a National Commission on Indigenous Peoples,
establishing implementing mechanisms, appropriating funds
therefor, and for other purposes.
H. RA 7610, children are "persons below eighteen years of age
or those unable to fully take care of themselves or protect
themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or
discrimination because of their age or mental disability or
condition."
i. Presidential Decree No. 603, otherwise known
as the Child and Youth Welfare Code and issued
in December 1974, legally defines special
categories of youths, including youthful
offenders, and directs the Ministry of Social
Services and Development (MSSD) to provide
comprehensive services to assist in youth
development.
j. R.A. No. 9344, one bill passed into law,
institutionalized the promotion of the well-being of
child and their families, involvement of parents and
guardians, promotion of diversion, avoiding deprivation
of liberty and protecting the privacy rights of children.
K. [Republic Act No. 10665] AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE
OPEN HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES AND
APPROPRIATING FUNDS-to broaden access to relevant
quality education through the employment of an
alternative secondary education program that will
enable the youth to overcome personal, geographical,
socioeconomic and physical constraints, to encourage
them to complete secondary education.
RA 11510- AN ACT INSTITUTIONALIZING THE
ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM IN BASIC EDUCATION
FOR OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SPECIAL CASES AND
ADULTS AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR. This
law states that all public schools nationwide are
required to identify learners with special needs and
provide these learners with free basic and quality
education.
⚫PHILOSOPHIES AND THEORY OF SPECIAL AND
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
🔴JEAN PIAGET
- was born in Switzerland in the late 1800s,
▶️PIAGET'S STAGES
▶️Sensorymotor Stage(Birth to 2 yrs) - infants and
toddlers acquires knowledge through sensations
-Learn about the world through basic actions such as
sucking, grasping, looking, and listening
▶️PreOperational Stage( 2-7yrs)-Begin to think
 ▶️DISADVANTAGES (Criticism)
▶️Concrete Operational Stage(7to11yrs)Begin to think
logically - Failure to acknowledge objectivity

▶️Formal Operational Stage( 11 to up)The final stage - Failure to acknowledge creative individuality

of Piaget's theory involves an increase in logic, the - Impractical for western education system
ability to use deductive reasoning, and an

understanding of abstract ideas. 🔴Lev Vygotsky- a

Russian teacher

Vygotsky Scaffolding is a method of teaching that

helps learners understand educational content by
working with an educator or someone who has a
better understanding of the material.

▶️ADVANTAGES OF SCAFFOLDING

-Challenge student , - Give students an opportunity to

succes

-Engage student ,. - Provide differentiated learning

🔴JEAN LAVE

▶️SITUATED LEARNING THEORY-Learning is a result of

the activity, context, and culture in which it occurs

-Learning requires social interaction and collaboration

▶️ADVANTAGES

- A focus on social learning

- Links learning to life

- Learning must be active

- Prepare students to the 21st Century

🔴ALBERT BANDURA
Bandura's theory provides us with four ideologies to
show how to create the ideal conditions for positive
social learning to take place—attention, retention,
reproduction, and motivation. If all four conditions
are enabled, students can act as both educators and
learners.