In the name of Allah (S.W.

T)

Code-Switching in Socio-Linguistics
Presented By: Group B (Omidullah, Naimatullah,
Subhanullah, Abid Khan, Abdul Hakim, Ziarmal &
Zubair)
Instructor: Asst. Prof. Hamza Atifnigar
Class: Senior
Code-switching is when a person varies between two or more languages or dialects within a single
conversation or speech. For instance, someone might say, "I need to comprar some groceries at the store" here
comprar means “to buy” blending English and Spanish, or "I can't find my clés" here clés means “keys”
blending English and French.
 Types of Code-Switching

1: Metaphorical code-switching
Metaphorical code-switching involves using language from one domain to describe something in another
domain. For example, someone might say "I'm drowning in work" to express being overwhelmed with
tasks, using language from the domain of water to describe their workload. Another example could be
saying "he's a rock" to describe someone's reliability or stability, borrowing language from the domain of
geology to convey a characteristic trait.
2: Situational code-switching
Situational code-switching involves adjusting language use based on the
context. For example, a bilingual person might speak formally in one
language for work meetings but switch to a more relaxed tone in another
language with friends. Another example is using technical language in one
language for professional discussions and everyday language in another
language for personal conversations.
 Advantages and Disadvantage of Code-switching

# Advantages
1. Expressiveness: Code-switching allows speakers to convey nuanced meanings or emotions that may not
be easily expressed in a single language.
2. Cultural Connection: It can strengthen cultural connections within bilingual or multilingual
communities by allowing speakers to draw from multiple linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
3. Communication Flexibility: Code-switching can facilitate communication by bridging language gaps
and accommodating speakers with different language proficiencies.
 Advantages and Disadvantage of Code-switching

# Disadvantages
1. Misunderstandings: Code-switching may lead to misunderstandings if listeners are not familiar with all
the languages being used.
2. Identity Confusion: It can sometimes cause confusion or a sense of identity conflict, especially for
individuals navigating multiple linguistic and cultural identities.
3. Social Stigma: In some contexts, code-switching may be viewed negatively or stigmatized, leading to
social judgments or discrimination against speakers.
Thank You!